Glycine-aspartic acid–serine-leucine(GDSL)type lipases/esterases genes play critical roles in plant development and are related to the responses to abiotic and biotic stress.However,little is known about the GDSL fam...Glycine-aspartic acid–serine-leucine(GDSL)type lipases/esterases genes play critical roles in plant development and are related to the responses to abiotic and biotic stress.However,little is known about the GDSL family in pear(Pyrus spp.).Studies have shown GDSL-domain proteins play key roles in suberin deposition.Suberin deposition in the fruit epidermis,also called russeting,is an important defect that negatively affects consumer's appeal in some fruit species,such as pear,apple and grapevine.Fruit russeting is mainly associated with cuticle microcracking and suberin accumulation in the inner part of the epidermal cell walls.To gain insight into the role of the GDSL gene family in suberin deposition and russet development in pear,we performed a genome-wide characterization of the GDSL family,including their identification,chromosomal localization,phylogenetic relationships,and expression patterns,in different tissues/organs in pear.One hundred and thirteen GDSL-type lipases/esterases genes were identified in the pear genome,and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that GDSL family can be classified into four distinct groups.Thirty GDSL genes were co-expressed with five homolog pear genes of three well-known suberin biosynthesis Arabidopsis genes(AtGPAT5,AtASFT,and AtCYP86B1)in the transcriptional co-expression network during pear fruit development.Among the 30 co-expressed GDSL genes,twelve genes were further analyzed by quantitative Real-time PCR,and the results showed the expression levels of the 12 genes were different between the russet exocarp and green exocarp of sand pear at different fruit development stages.Our study provides a detailed overview of the GDSL gene family and lays the foundation for future functional characterization of GDSL genes in P.bretschneideri.展开更多
Previous study indicated that the thermo-sensitive genic malesterile(TGMS) gene in rice was regulated by temperature.TGMS rice plays an important role in hybrid rice production,because the application of the TGMS syst...Previous study indicated that the thermo-sensitive genic malesterile(TGMS) gene in rice was regulated by temperature.TGMS rice plays an important role in hybrid rice production,because the application of the TGMS system in two-line breeding is laborsaving,timesaving,simple,inexpensive,efficient,and eliminating the limitations of the cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system.'AnnongS' is the first discovered and deeply studied TGMS rice lines in China.'AnnongS-1' and 'Y58S',two derivatives of TGMS line AnnongS,were both controlled by a single recessive gene named tms5,which was genetically mapped on chromosome 2.In this study,three populations('AnnongS-1' × 'Nanjing11','Y58S' × 'Q611',and 'Y58S' × 'Guanghui122') were developed and used for the molecular fine mapping of the tms5 gene.By analyzing recombination events in the sterile individuals using a total of 125 probes covering the tms5 region,the tms5 gene was physically mapped to a 19-kb DNA fragment between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,which were located on the BAC clone AP004039.After the construction of the physical map between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,a member(ONAC023) of the NAC(NAM-ATAF-CUC-related) gene family was identified as the candidate gene of the tms5 gene.展开更多
The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense respons...The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.展开更多
The GDSL esterase/lipase family contains many functional genes that perform important biological functions in growth and development, morphogenesis, seed oil synthesis, and defense responses in plants. The expression ...The GDSL esterase/lipase family contains many functional genes that perform important biological functions in growth and development, morphogenesis, seed oil synthesis, and defense responses in plants. The expression of GDSL esterase/lipase genes can respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although GDSL esterase/lipase family genes have been identified and studied in other plants, they have not been identified and their functions remain unclear in tomato. This study is the first to identify 80 GDSL esterase/lipase family genes in tomato, which were named SlGELP1–80. These genes were mapped to their positions on the chromosomes and their physical and chemical properties, gene structure, phylogenetic relationships, collinear relationships, and cis-acting elements were analyzed. The spatiotemporal expression characteristics of the Sl GELP genes in tomato were diverse. In addition, RNA-seq analysis indicated that the expression patterns of the SlGELP genes in tomato differed before and after inoculation with Stemphylium lycopersici. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of five Sl GELP genes after treatments with S. lycopersici, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Finally, this study was the first to identify and analyze GDSL esterase/lipase family genes in tomato via bioinformatics approaches, and these findings provide new insights for improving the study of plant disease resistance.展开更多
One of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development.Availability of chromosome arm substitution line CS-
Actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in cell morphogenesis in plants as demonstrated by pharmacological,biochemical,and genetic studies.The actin cytoskeleton may be involved in
Twenty-eight candidate genes provided by other sub-projects were used to produce transgenic cotton plants.There were over 1000 individuals,and some of them were generation T2 or T3.All
Plants have developed a complicated defense mechanism during evolution to resist the harmful pathogens they encountered.The mechanism involves the interaction of the plant resistance(R)
A cDNA subtractive library enriched for dark-induced up-regulated ESTs was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) from leaf tissues of soybean cultivar DongNong L13 treated with short-day(8-h light/...A cDNA subtractive library enriched for dark-induced up-regulated ESTs was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) from leaf tissues of soybean cultivar DongNong L13 treated with short-day(8-h light/16-h dark) and long-day(16-h light/8-h dark) conditions.A total of 148 clones were sequenced,representing 76 unique ESTs which corresponded to about 20% of 738 clones from the cDNA library and showed a significant up-regulation of at least three fold verified by dot blot hybridization.The putative functions of ESTs were predicted by Blastn and Blastx.The 43 differentially expressed genes identified by subtractions were classified according to their putative functions generated by Blast analysis.Genetic functional analysis indicated that putative proteins encoded by these genes were related to diverse functions during organism development,which include biological regulation pathways such as transcription,signal transduction and programmed cell death,protein,nucleic acid and carbohydrate macromolecule degradation,the cell wall modification,primary and secondary metabolism and stress response.Two soybean transcription factors enhanced in SD conditions,GAMYB-binding protein and DNA binding protein RAV cDNAs that may be involved in SD soybean photoperiod response,had been isolated using 5'-and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)(Genbank Accession numbers DQ112540 and DQ147914).展开更多
Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop.Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid,which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications.Sucrose transpor...Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop.Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid,which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications.Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth,development and oilseed yield in castor bean.The transporters or carriers(SUTs or SUCs)play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses.In this study,based on castor bean genome,three RcSUCs(RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4)were identified and characterized.The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf,stem,root,phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression,suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues.Additionally,under abiotic stresses including hot temperature,low temperature,drought and salt stresses,the sugar allocation among leaf,stem and roots was tested.The expressional changes of Rc SUCs in leaf,stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation.Taken together,the differential expression of Rc SUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues.This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds,and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.展开更多
Grapevine growing areas are increasingly affected by drought,which has greatly limited global wine production and quality.DEAD-box is one of the largest subfamilies of the RNA helicase family,and its members play key ...Grapevine growing areas are increasingly affected by drought,which has greatly limited global wine production and quality.DEAD-box is one of the largest subfamilies of the RNA helicase family,and its members play key roles in the growth and development of plants and their stress responses.Previous studies have shown the potential of DEAD-box genes in the drought stress responses of Arabidopsis and tomato,rice,and other crop species.However,information about DEAD-box genes in grapevine remains limited.In this report,a total of 40 DEAD-box genes were identified in grapevine and their protein sequence characteristics and gene structures were analyzed.By comparing the expression profiles of VviDEADRHs in response to drought stress in different grapevine varieties,nine candidate genes(VviDEADRH10c,-13,-22,-25a,-25b,-33,-34,-36,and-39)were screened based on expression profiling data.Combined with qRTPCR results,Vvi DEADRH25a was selected for functional verification.Heterologous overexpression of Vvi DEADRH25a in Arabidopsis showed the transgenic plants were more sensitive to drought stress than the control.Both electrolyte permeability and malondialdehyde content were significantly increased in transgenic plants,whereas the chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)enzyme activities were significantly decreased.Furthermore,VviDEADRH25a-overexpressing plants showed down-regulated expression levels of several drought stress-related marker genes,namely At COR15a,At RD29A,At ERD15,and At P5CS1,which indicated that they participated in the drought stress response.In summary,this study provides new insights into the structure,evolution,and participation of DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in the response to drought stress in grapevines.展开更多
The fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) genes of Brassic napus were cloned from two cultivars, i.e. Zhong- shuan No. 9 with low erucic acid content, and Zhongyou 821 with high erucic acid content, using the degenerate PCR pr...The fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) genes of Brassic napus were cloned from two cultivars, i.e. Zhong- shuan No. 9 with low erucic acid content, and Zhongyou 821 with high erucic acid content, using the degenerate PCR primers. The sequence analysis showed that there was no intron within the FAE1 genes. The FAE1 genes from Zhongyou 821 contained a coding sequence of 1521 nucleotides, and those cloned from Zhongshuan No. 9 contained a 1517 bp coding sequence. Alignment of the FAE1 sequences from Brassica rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus detected 31 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (2.03%), which resulted in 7 amino-acid substitutions. Further analysis indicated that 19 SNPs were genome-specific, of which, 95% were synonymous mutations. The nucleotide substitution at po- sition 1217 in the FAE1 genes led to a specific site of restricted cleavage. An AvrII cleavage site was present only in the C genome genes and absent in the A genome FAE1 genes. Digestion profile of the FAE1 sequences from B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus produced with AvrII confirmed that the FAE1 genes of B. oleracea origin was recognized and digested, while that of B. rapa origin could not. The results indicated that by AvrII cleavage it was possible to distinguish B. rapa from B. oleracea and be- tween the A and C genome of B. napus. In addition, the FAE1 genes could be used as marker genes to detect the pollen flow of B. napus, thus providing an alternative method for risk assessment of gene flow.展开更多
Synthetic biology is one of the rapid developing scientific fields in recent years. Through synthetic biology,we have a better understanding of the natural synthesis process of natural products, which provides a favor...Synthetic biology is one of the rapid developing scientific fields in recent years. Through synthetic biology,we have a better understanding of the natural synthesis process of natural products, which provides a favorable method to research the diversity of natural products, and also provides new tools for us to create new approach for producing natural products, we can synthesize compounds with different structures by artificial combination of different synthesis modules.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31272140)。
文摘Glycine-aspartic acid–serine-leucine(GDSL)type lipases/esterases genes play critical roles in plant development and are related to the responses to abiotic and biotic stress.However,little is known about the GDSL family in pear(Pyrus spp.).Studies have shown GDSL-domain proteins play key roles in suberin deposition.Suberin deposition in the fruit epidermis,also called russeting,is an important defect that negatively affects consumer's appeal in some fruit species,such as pear,apple and grapevine.Fruit russeting is mainly associated with cuticle microcracking and suberin accumulation in the inner part of the epidermal cell walls.To gain insight into the role of the GDSL gene family in suberin deposition and russet development in pear,we performed a genome-wide characterization of the GDSL family,including their identification,chromosomal localization,phylogenetic relationships,and expression patterns,in different tissues/organs in pear.One hundred and thirteen GDSL-type lipases/esterases genes were identified in the pear genome,and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that GDSL family can be classified into four distinct groups.Thirty GDSL genes were co-expressed with five homolog pear genes of three well-known suberin biosynthesis Arabidopsis genes(AtGPAT5,AtASFT,and AtCYP86B1)in the transcriptional co-expression network during pear fruit development.Among the 30 co-expressed GDSL genes,twelve genes were further analyzed by quantitative Real-time PCR,and the results showed the expression levels of the 12 genes were different between the russet exocarp and green exocarp of sand pear at different fruit development stages.Our study provides a detailed overview of the GDSL gene family and lays the foundation for future functional characterization of GDSL genes in P.bretschneideri.
文摘Previous study indicated that the thermo-sensitive genic malesterile(TGMS) gene in rice was regulated by temperature.TGMS rice plays an important role in hybrid rice production,because the application of the TGMS system in two-line breeding is laborsaving,timesaving,simple,inexpensive,efficient,and eliminating the limitations of the cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system.'AnnongS' is the first discovered and deeply studied TGMS rice lines in China.'AnnongS-1' and 'Y58S',two derivatives of TGMS line AnnongS,were both controlled by a single recessive gene named tms5,which was genetically mapped on chromosome 2.In this study,three populations('AnnongS-1' × 'Nanjing11','Y58S' × 'Q611',and 'Y58S' × 'Guanghui122') were developed and used for the molecular fine mapping of the tms5 gene.By analyzing recombination events in the sterile individuals using a total of 125 probes covering the tms5 region,the tms5 gene was physically mapped to a 19-kb DNA fragment between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,which were located on the BAC clone AP004039.After the construction of the physical map between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,a member(ONAC023) of the NAC(NAM-ATAF-CUC-related) gene family was identified as the candidate gene of the tms5 gene.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060614 and 32272514)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project,China([2022]091)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022MD713740).
文摘The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.
基金supported by the“Bai Qian Wan”Project of Heilongjiang Province,China(2019ZX16B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002059)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2020C10)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681068)。
文摘The GDSL esterase/lipase family contains many functional genes that perform important biological functions in growth and development, morphogenesis, seed oil synthesis, and defense responses in plants. The expression of GDSL esterase/lipase genes can respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although GDSL esterase/lipase family genes have been identified and studied in other plants, they have not been identified and their functions remain unclear in tomato. This study is the first to identify 80 GDSL esterase/lipase family genes in tomato, which were named SlGELP1–80. These genes were mapped to their positions on the chromosomes and their physical and chemical properties, gene structure, phylogenetic relationships, collinear relationships, and cis-acting elements were analyzed. The spatiotemporal expression characteristics of the Sl GELP genes in tomato were diverse. In addition, RNA-seq analysis indicated that the expression patterns of the SlGELP genes in tomato differed before and after inoculation with Stemphylium lycopersici. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of five Sl GELP genes after treatments with S. lycopersici, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Finally, this study was the first to identify and analyze GDSL esterase/lipase family genes in tomato via bioinformatics approaches, and these findings provide new insights for improving the study of plant disease resistance.
文摘One of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development.Availability of chromosome arm substitution line CS-
文摘Actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in cell morphogenesis in plants as demonstrated by pharmacological,biochemical,and genetic studies.The actin cytoskeleton may be involved in
文摘Twenty-eight candidate genes provided by other sub-projects were used to produce transgenic cotton plants.There were over 1000 individuals,and some of them were generation T2 or T3.All
文摘Plants have developed a complicated defense mechanism during evolution to resist the harmful pathogens they encountered.The mechanism involves the interaction of the plant resistance(R)
文摘A cDNA subtractive library enriched for dark-induced up-regulated ESTs was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) from leaf tissues of soybean cultivar DongNong L13 treated with short-day(8-h light/16-h dark) and long-day(16-h light/8-h dark) conditions.A total of 148 clones were sequenced,representing 76 unique ESTs which corresponded to about 20% of 738 clones from the cDNA library and showed a significant up-regulation of at least three fold verified by dot blot hybridization.The putative functions of ESTs were predicted by Blastn and Blastx.The 43 differentially expressed genes identified by subtractions were classified according to their putative functions generated by Blast analysis.Genetic functional analysis indicated that putative proteins encoded by these genes were related to diverse functions during organism development,which include biological regulation pathways such as transcription,signal transduction and programmed cell death,protein,nucleic acid and carbohydrate macromolecule degradation,the cell wall modification,primary and secondary metabolism and stress response.Two soybean transcription factors enhanced in SD conditions,GAMYB-binding protein and DNA binding protein RAV cDNAs that may be involved in SD soybean photoperiod response,had been isolated using 5'-and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)(Genbank Accession numbers DQ112540 and DQ147914).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31661143002 and 31771839)。
文摘Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.)is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop.Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid,which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications.Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth,development and oilseed yield in castor bean.The transporters or carriers(SUTs or SUCs)play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses.In this study,based on castor bean genome,three RcSUCs(RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4)were identified and characterized.The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf,stem,root,phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression,suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2,RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues.Additionally,under abiotic stresses including hot temperature,low temperature,drought and salt stresses,the sugar allocation among leaf,stem and roots was tested.The expressional changes of Rc SUCs in leaf,stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation.Taken together,the differential expression of Rc SUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues.This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds,and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072517)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000105)+2 种基金the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province,China(21HASTIT035)the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province,China(21IRTSTHN021)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Luoyang City,China(2101102A)。
文摘Grapevine growing areas are increasingly affected by drought,which has greatly limited global wine production and quality.DEAD-box is one of the largest subfamilies of the RNA helicase family,and its members play key roles in the growth and development of plants and their stress responses.Previous studies have shown the potential of DEAD-box genes in the drought stress responses of Arabidopsis and tomato,rice,and other crop species.However,information about DEAD-box genes in grapevine remains limited.In this report,a total of 40 DEAD-box genes were identified in grapevine and their protein sequence characteristics and gene structures were analyzed.By comparing the expression profiles of VviDEADRHs in response to drought stress in different grapevine varieties,nine candidate genes(VviDEADRH10c,-13,-22,-25a,-25b,-33,-34,-36,and-39)were screened based on expression profiling data.Combined with qRTPCR results,Vvi DEADRH25a was selected for functional verification.Heterologous overexpression of Vvi DEADRH25a in Arabidopsis showed the transgenic plants were more sensitive to drought stress than the control.Both electrolyte permeability and malondialdehyde content were significantly increased in transgenic plants,whereas the chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)enzyme activities were significantly decreased.Furthermore,VviDEADRH25a-overexpressing plants showed down-regulated expression levels of several drought stress-related marker genes,namely At COR15a,At RD29A,At ERD15,and At P5CS1,which indicated that they participated in the drought stress response.In summary,this study provides new insights into the structure,evolution,and participation of DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in the response to drought stress in grapevines.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30471099)Development Plan of the State Key Fundamental Research of China (Grant No. 2006CB101600)the National High Technology and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA10A113)
文摘The fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) genes of Brassic napus were cloned from two cultivars, i.e. Zhong- shuan No. 9 with low erucic acid content, and Zhongyou 821 with high erucic acid content, using the degenerate PCR primers. The sequence analysis showed that there was no intron within the FAE1 genes. The FAE1 genes from Zhongyou 821 contained a coding sequence of 1521 nucleotides, and those cloned from Zhongshuan No. 9 contained a 1517 bp coding sequence. Alignment of the FAE1 sequences from Brassica rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus detected 31 single nucleotide polymorphic sites (2.03%), which resulted in 7 amino-acid substitutions. Further analysis indicated that 19 SNPs were genome-specific, of which, 95% were synonymous mutations. The nucleotide substitution at po- sition 1217 in the FAE1 genes led to a specific site of restricted cleavage. An AvrII cleavage site was present only in the C genome genes and absent in the A genome FAE1 genes. Digestion profile of the FAE1 sequences from B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus produced with AvrII confirmed that the FAE1 genes of B. oleracea origin was recognized and digested, while that of B. rapa origin could not. The results indicated that by AvrII cleavage it was possible to distinguish B. rapa from B. oleracea and be- tween the A and C genome of B. napus. In addition, the FAE1 genes could be used as marker genes to detect the pollen flow of B. napus, thus providing an alternative method for risk assessment of gene flow.
文摘Synthetic biology is one of the rapid developing scientific fields in recent years. Through synthetic biology,we have a better understanding of the natural synthesis process of natural products, which provides a favorable method to research the diversity of natural products, and also provides new tools for us to create new approach for producing natural products, we can synthesize compounds with different structures by artificial combination of different synthesis modules.
