To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key...To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key node role in nitrate response and growth and development of plant,however,comprehensive analysis of the NLP gene family in watermelon is unclear.This study explored the functional classification,evolutionary characteristics,and expression profile of the ClNLP gene family.Three ClNLPs were categorized into three groups according to their gene structure and phylogeny.All of them contained the conserved RWP-RK and PB1 domains.Evolutionary analysis of ClNLPs revealed that ClNLP1 and ClNLP3 underwent strong purified selection.In addition,cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stresses were present in the ClNLP promoter.According to tissue-specific analysis ClNLP was widely expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruits,and ClNLP1 was significantly induced in the roots of different nitrogen utilization varieties under different nitrate nitrogen supply.The SRTING functional protein association network suggested that ClNLP1 is associated with most genes,such as NRT1.1,NRT2.1,NIA1,and NIR1,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay found that ClNLP1 positively regulates the expression of ClNRT2.1.We speculated that ClNLP1 might play a central role in regulating the response of watermelon to nitrate nitrogen.展开更多
β-amylase(BAM) is an important enzyme involved in conversion of starch to maltose in multiple biological processes in plants. However, there is currently insufficient information on the BAM gene family in the importa...β-amylase(BAM) is an important enzyme involved in conversion of starch to maltose in multiple biological processes in plants. However, there is currently insufficient information on the BAM gene family in the important fruit crop banana. This study identified 16 BAM genes in the banana genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ma BAMs were classified into four subfamilies. Most Ma BAMs in each subfamily shared similar gene structures. Conserved motif analysis showed that all identified Ma BAM proteins had the typical glyco hydro14 domains. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two banana genotypes revealed the expression patterns of Ma BAMs in different tissues, at various stages of fruit development and ripening, and in responses to abiotic stresses. Most Ma BAMs showed strong transcript accumulation changes during fruit development and late-stage ripening. Some Ma BAMs showed significant changes under cold, salt, and osmotic stresses. This finding indicated that Ma BAMs might be involved in regulating fruit development, ripening, and responses to abiotic stress. Analysis of five hormone-related and seven stressrelevant elements in the promoters of Ma BAMs further revealed that BAMs participated in various biological processes. This systemic analysis provides new insights into the transcriptional characteristics of the BAM genes in banana and may serve as a basis for further functional studies of such genes.展开更多
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play potential roles in plant resistance to various diseases. Identifying TLPs is neces-sary to determine their function and apply them to plant disease resistance. However, limited info...Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play potential roles in plant resistance to various diseases. Identifying TLPs is neces-sary to determine their function and apply them to plant disease resistance. However, limited information is available about TLP-family genes in wheat, especially regarding their responses to Fusarium species, which cause Fusarium head blight in wheat. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey of TLP genes in wheat and identified 129 TLP genes in the wheat genome, which were unevenly distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes, with 5A containing the highest number. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 129 wheat TLP genes together with 24 Arabidopsis TLPs were classified into 7 groups based on the protein sequences. We systematically analyzed the genes in terms of their sequence characterization, chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution, duplication (tandem and segmental) events and expression profiles in response to Fusarium infection. Furthermore, we analyzed differen-tially expressed TLP genes based on publicly available RNA-seq data obtained from a resistant near isogenic wheat line at different time points after Fusarium graminearum inoculation. Then, the expression of 9 differentially expressed TLP genes was confirmed by real-time PCR, and these 9 genes were all upregulated in the resistant Sumai 3 variety, which was generally consistent with the RNA-seq data. Our results provide a basis for selecting candidate wheat TLP genes for further studies to determine the biological functions of the TLP genes in wheat.展开更多
Melon(Cucumis melo),belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family,is a globally important economic crop.GRAS(GAI,RGA,SCR)genes,which are a type of transcription factor,play a critical role in plant growth and development,incl...Melon(Cucumis melo),belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family,is a globally important economic crop.GRAS(GAI,RGA,SCR)genes,which are a type of transcription factor,play a critical role in plant growth and development,including processes such as radial root patterning,light signalling,abiotic/biotic stress,axillary shoot meristem formation,and phytohormone(gibberellin)signal transduction.In this study,the GRAS family in melon was analysed comprehensively with respect to chromosomal location,motif prediction,gene structure,and expression pattern.A total of 37 GRAS genes were first identified in melon,after which a phylogenetic tree was built with the GRAS genes of three model species(Arabidopsis,rice,and sacred lotus)and were divided into nine groups based on the findings of previous studies.Motif and gene structure analysis showed typical conserved domains in all melon GRAS and similar structures in the same subfamilies.The expression analysis of GRAS genes done using RNA-seq data,showed that these genes were differentially expressed in different melon leaves under powdery mildew stress.Furthermore,the real-time quantitative PCR for GRAS genes revealed gene expression corresponding to powdery mildew stress.Our results provide useful information for a better understanding of GRAS genes and provide the foundation for additional functional exploration of the melon GRAS gene family in the powdery mildew stress response.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-25)Special Scientific Research Service Fee of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.Y2019XK16-03)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2021-ZFRI)Screening and technical demonstration and popularization of fruit and melon varieties in Xinjiang(Grant No.Y2021XK14)Special funds for basic research and special basic research(Grant No.20131602),Financial technology funding of Changji national agricultural science and technology park(Grant No.2021EK246).
文摘To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key node role in nitrate response and growth and development of plant,however,comprehensive analysis of the NLP gene family in watermelon is unclear.This study explored the functional classification,evolutionary characteristics,and expression profile of the ClNLP gene family.Three ClNLPs were categorized into three groups according to their gene structure and phylogeny.All of them contained the conserved RWP-RK and PB1 domains.Evolutionary analysis of ClNLPs revealed that ClNLP1 and ClNLP3 underwent strong purified selection.In addition,cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stresses were present in the ClNLP promoter.According to tissue-specific analysis ClNLP was widely expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruits,and ClNLP1 was significantly induced in the roots of different nitrogen utilization varieties under different nitrate nitrogen supply.The SRTING functional protein association network suggested that ClNLP1 is associated with most genes,such as NRT1.1,NRT2.1,NIA1,and NIR1,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay found that ClNLP1 positively regulates the expression of ClNRT2.1.We speculated that ClNLP1 might play a central role in regulating the response of watermelon to nitrate nitrogen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401843)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-32)+2 种基金the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CATAS-ITBB (1630052016006)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (2014CB160314)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (314100)
文摘β-amylase(BAM) is an important enzyme involved in conversion of starch to maltose in multiple biological processes in plants. However, there is currently insufficient information on the BAM gene family in the important fruit crop banana. This study identified 16 BAM genes in the banana genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ma BAMs were classified into four subfamilies. Most Ma BAMs in each subfamily shared similar gene structures. Conserved motif analysis showed that all identified Ma BAM proteins had the typical glyco hydro14 domains. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two banana genotypes revealed the expression patterns of Ma BAMs in different tissues, at various stages of fruit development and ripening, and in responses to abiotic stresses. Most Ma BAMs showed strong transcript accumulation changes during fruit development and late-stage ripening. Some Ma BAMs showed significant changes under cold, salt, and osmotic stresses. This finding indicated that Ma BAMs might be involved in regulating fruit development, ripening, and responses to abiotic stress. Analysis of five hormone-related and seven stressrelevant elements in the promoters of Ma BAMs further revealed that BAMs participated in various biological processes. This systemic analysis provides new insights into the transcriptional characteristics of the BAM genes in banana and may serve as a basis for further functional studies of such genes.
基金supported partially by the National Key Project for the Research and Development of China(2017YFE0126700)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(21)3109)Jiangsu seed Industry Revitalization Project(JBGS(2021)052).
文摘Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play potential roles in plant resistance to various diseases. Identifying TLPs is neces-sary to determine their function and apply them to plant disease resistance. However, limited information is available about TLP-family genes in wheat, especially regarding their responses to Fusarium species, which cause Fusarium head blight in wheat. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey of TLP genes in wheat and identified 129 TLP genes in the wheat genome, which were unevenly distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes, with 5A containing the highest number. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 129 wheat TLP genes together with 24 Arabidopsis TLPs were classified into 7 groups based on the protein sequences. We systematically analyzed the genes in terms of their sequence characterization, chromosomal locations, exon-intron distribution, duplication (tandem and segmental) events and expression profiles in response to Fusarium infection. Furthermore, we analyzed differen-tially expressed TLP genes based on publicly available RNA-seq data obtained from a resistant near isogenic wheat line at different time points after Fusarium graminearum inoculation. Then, the expression of 9 differentially expressed TLP genes was confirmed by real-time PCR, and these 9 genes were all upregulated in the resistant Sumai 3 variety, which was generally consistent with the RNA-seq data. Our results provide a basis for selecting candidate wheat TLP genes for further studies to determine the biological functions of the TLP genes in wheat.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou(SNG2017083)the Science and Technology Project of Changshu(CN201701).
文摘Melon(Cucumis melo),belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family,is a globally important economic crop.GRAS(GAI,RGA,SCR)genes,which are a type of transcription factor,play a critical role in plant growth and development,including processes such as radial root patterning,light signalling,abiotic/biotic stress,axillary shoot meristem formation,and phytohormone(gibberellin)signal transduction.In this study,the GRAS family in melon was analysed comprehensively with respect to chromosomal location,motif prediction,gene structure,and expression pattern.A total of 37 GRAS genes were first identified in melon,after which a phylogenetic tree was built with the GRAS genes of three model species(Arabidopsis,rice,and sacred lotus)and were divided into nine groups based on the findings of previous studies.Motif and gene structure analysis showed typical conserved domains in all melon GRAS and similar structures in the same subfamilies.The expression analysis of GRAS genes done using RNA-seq data,showed that these genes were differentially expressed in different melon leaves under powdery mildew stress.Furthermore,the real-time quantitative PCR for GRAS genes revealed gene expression corresponding to powdery mildew stress.Our results provide useful information for a better understanding of GRAS genes and provide the foundation for additional functional exploration of the melon GRAS gene family in the powdery mildew stress response.
