Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since t...Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since the 1990s,overharvesting,water pollution and habitat changes have seriously destroyed the germplasm resources of A.davidianus,their population density has decreased since then.Strengthening the protection and rational utilization of A.davidianus germplasm resources are key factors in impacting the healthy,stable and sustainable development of A.davidianus industry.Under the above background,we discussed the current problems with the protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,put forward suggestions for the conservation of A.davidianus germplasm resources.It is expected to provide a reference to effective protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,and provide a scientific foundation for further studies,so as to promote the high-quality development of related industry.展开更多
[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City ...[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Her...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.展开更多
Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore...Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accumulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the identification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.展开更多
[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou...[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences performed a screening test of excellent ramie germplasm resources from 2017 to 2019 to compare the growth,resistance,raw fiber yield and fiber fineness of the experimental materials.[Results]All the experimental materials showed strong growth potential,drought resistance and disease resistance.There were 8 kinds of resources with a fiber fineness greater than 2000 m/g,of which 3 kinds of resource materials had a fiber fineness greater than 2300 m/g;12 kinds of resources has the raw fiber yield exceeding the control and 10 kinds of resources had the raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha;3 kinds of resources met the requirements of the high-yield and high-quality indicators(fiber fineness exceeding 2000 m/g and raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha),they were BD0718,BD1614 and BYL2.[Conclusions]These high-quality ramie resources can provide a rich resource base for the breeding of new ramie varieties.展开更多
The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves select...The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves selected in this study,and petal number had the largest coefficient of variation,followed by ovary height,and leaf length had the smallest coefficient of variation. F test results showed that the differences in 11 phenotypic traits reached a significant level. Through the trait correlation analysis,it was found that there was a positive or negative significant correlation between the 11 phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 71. 185%,the eigenvector which reflected flower pattern was largest,and flower pattern had a great impact on classification of camellia variety. Based on the genetic differences in traits between varieties,the 35 test materials were divided into three categories: Group I was characterized by large flower pattern; Group II was characterized by large leaf pattern; Group Ⅲ was characterized by many petals. Flower diameter and flower height were important standards for classification of camellia variety.展开更多
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones ...Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthe...[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthemum samples were dissected and made into integral slices,and surface morphology of each part was observed microscopically.Powder slices were developed in the same way and observed under a microscope.According to thin layer chromatography(TLC)test(Part I,Appendix VIB,2005 edition),2μL of sample solutions and reference solutions were absorbed respectively,and dripped on the same piece of silica gel G thin layer plate.With petroleum ether-acetone(2∶1)as the developing solvent,samples were developed and then dried.Slices were sprayed with chromogenic agent 2%aluminum trichloride,and examined under UV light at the wavelength of 365 nm.Whether fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference solutions were observed.[Result]Non-glandular hairs were found in bract microstructures of three species of chrysanthemums.There were many T-shaped hairs and few multicellular sessile non-glandular hairs.The epidermal cell walls of bracts were parallel straight,and some were rectangular;stomas could be seen everywhere.Only Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.displayed fluorescent spots of the same color in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference sample acacetin in TLC test,and the spots of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.were light in color;there were no spots observed in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.[Conclusion]The external characters,internal forms and internal components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.,D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.and C.morifolium Ramat are all related to germplasm resources of chrysanthemum species.The contents of acacetin,one of the components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.,remain to be further studied.展开更多
China is very rich in germplasm resources of Actinidia Lindl.There are 66 actinidia species in the world,and 62 species are found in China.A.deliciosa,A.chinensis Planch.,A.eriantha Benth.and A.arguta(Sieb.&Zucc)P...China is very rich in germplasm resources of Actinidia Lindl.There are 66 actinidia species in the world,and 62 species are found in China.A.deliciosa,A.chinensis Planch.,A.eriantha Benth.and A.arguta(Sieb.&Zucc)Planch.ex Miq.unique to China all have high economic value and are widely cultivated.In this paper,the origin and cultivation history,nutritional value,preservation and rational use of Actinidia germplasm resources were reviewed,and the development and utilization of Actinidia germplasm resources in China was discussed,aiming to facilitate the sustainable utilization and variety improvement of kiwifruit germplasm resources.展开更多
In January 2016,Kunming underwent 52 hours of rain and snow weather below 0℃.In order to identify the cold tolerance of different wild sugarcane germplasm resources in low temperature and snow disasters,cold injuries...In January 2016,Kunming underwent 52 hours of rain and snow weather below 0℃.In order to identify the cold tolerance of different wild sugarcane germplasm resources in low temperature and snow disasters,cold injuries of 38 shares of wild sugarcane germplasm resources,which were collected during2012-2013 and preserved in the germplasm resource nursery of Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Agricultural University,were surveyed to evaluate the cold tolerance based on sugarcane cold tolerance index(CTI)=0.5×shoot tip growing point injury index+0.3×node injury index+0.2×internode injury index.The results showed that cold tolerance indexes of four wild sugarcane varieties demonstrated a descending order of Erianthus arundinaceum Retz.(0.7),Erianthus rockii Keng(0.5),Saccharums pontaneum L.(0.3),Erianthusf ulvus Nees.(0).Greater cold tolerance indexes indicate poorer cold tolerance.Thus,Erianthus arundinaceumhad the poorest cold tolerance,while Erianthus fulvus exhibited the strongest cold tolerance.In addition,there were significant differences in cold tolerance among different Saccharum spontaneumclones.The 23 Saccharum spontaneumclones could be divided into four grades,including 1clone with the poorest cold tolerance that accounted for 4.3%,5clones with poor cold tolerance that accounted for 21.7%,14 clones with strong cold tolerance that accounted for 60.9%,and 3clones with the strongest cold tolerance that accounted for 13.0%(2012-23,2012-32,2012-37).Especially,2012-23 exhibited extremely strong cold tolerance.This study provided the scientific basis for screening of cold-tolerant wild sugarcane germplasm resources and selection of cold-tolerant parents.展开更多
In this paper,we reviewed the classification,genetic diversity and planting and application of snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)germplasm resources in China at the present stage were,analyzed the bottleneck of snap bean r...In this paper,we reviewed the classification,genetic diversity and planting and application of snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)germplasm resources in China at the present stage were,analyzed the bottleneck of snap bean research in China,and prospected the development trend of snap bean germplasm research in the future.In the opportunity of the completion of the whole genome sequencing of kidney bean and the construction of high-density genetic map,it is necessary to strengthen the application of ISSR,SNP and other molecular methods and high-throughput proteomics to the study on the specific breeding of snap bean.展开更多
Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant ...Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant seed oil.Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species,including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil,Malania oleifera,Macaranga adenantha,and M.indica.M.oleifera had the largest seed(average 7.40 g single seed),highest oil content(58.71%),and highest NA level(42.22%).The germplasm diversity of M.oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation.Seeds of M.adenantha contained higher NA levels(28.41%)than M.indica(21.77%),but M.indica contained a significantly higher oil content(29.22%)and seed yield.M.adenantha germplasm varied among populations,with one population having seeds with high oil content(22.63%)and NA level(37.78%).Although M.indica grow naturally at a range of elevations,no significant differences were detected between M.indica populations.These results suggest that M.indica and M.oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA,which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.展开更多
The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and rel...The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and reliability of the mathematical model was verified by calculating index weights and comprehensive evaluation scores.In this paper,11 indicators were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation system from four dimensions of yields,resistances,contents of main inclusions in seeds and tree shapes.AHP method was applied to calculate the index weight of each dimension,after passing the consistency test,FCE method was applied to comprehensively evaluate germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.The index weights of the yields,resistances,contents of major inclusions in seeds and tree shapes were 0.5518,0.2554,0.1279 and 0.0649,respectively.The yield had the greatest influence on the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith,which was in line with the actual production demand of S.nobilis Smith as a food crop.However,resistances and contents of major inclusions in seeds had limited influence on it,while tree shapes had the least influence on it.After fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the final evaluation score was 88.00,the corresponding evaluation score was between 4 and 5,and the evaluation results ranged from slight good to good,which indicated that the evaluation weights corresponding to the four dimensions were more scientific and reasonable.In this study,the mathematical model of AHP-FCE was used to establish and evaluate the comprehensive evaluation system of the germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.According to the values of index weights and the evaluation results,it showed that the mathematical model was scientific and reliable,and it could provide a new reference method for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of other fruits.展开更多
Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable medical macrofungus with a myriad of diverse secondary metabolites,in which triterpenoids are the major constituents.This paper introduced the germplasm resources of genus Ganoderma fro...Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable medical macrofungus with a myriad of diverse secondary metabolites,in which triterpenoids are the major constituents.This paper introduced the germplasm resources of genus Ganoderma from textual research,its distribution and identification at the molecular level.Also we overviewed G.lucidum in the components,the biological activities and biosynthetic pathways of ganoderic acid,aiming to provide scientific evidence for the development and utilization of G.lucidum germplasm resources and the biosynthesis of ganoderic acid.展开更多
Objective: Based on trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) hydrolysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) and high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) analysis, the carbohydrate responsible for immunomodulatory acti...Objective: Based on trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) hydrolysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) and high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) analysis, the carbohydrate responsible for immunomodulatory activity are used as quality indicators for Astragalus Radix(AR).Methods: In this study, 24 batches of AR from different germplasm resources were selected as the research object, and AR polysaccharides were extracted. PAGE and HPTLC methods were used to analyze the partial acid hydrolyzate of AR polysaccharides and obtain a series of saccharide fingerprints. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis to obtain the difference between AR from different germplasm resources.Results: The results showed that trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide could be used as differential fragments to distinguish AR of different cultivation methods;Disaccharides and trisaccharides can be used as differential fragments to distinguish different species of AR. The immunological activity analysis of the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR showed that the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR could promote the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO in THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion: Both PAGE and HPTLC methods can be used to evaluate AR from different germplasm resources. This study laid the foundation for the quality evaluation of AR medicinal herbs.展开更多
The plant germplasm resources of Zhalantun grassland in the eastern Inner Mongolia were investigated in 2015.The order of plant biomass production in all the types of grassland decreased compared to 1985 as the follow...The plant germplasm resources of Zhalantun grassland in the eastern Inner Mongolia were investigated in 2015.The order of plant biomass production in all the types of grassland decreased compared to 1985 as the followings:mountain meadow(76.72%)>temperate meadow steppe(66.53%)>lowland meadow(55.03%)>temperate typical steppe(26.37%).There were 243 plant species belonging to 166 genera and 47 families in Zhalantun grassland,including 163 forage species,78 medicinal species and 82 ornamental plant species attributable to 103 genera of 33 families,65 genera of 29 families and 63 genera of 29 families,respectively.In addition,38 species of edible plants,29 species of toxic and harmful plants and five rare protected plants were found in this area.展开更多
To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil...To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers(including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines)were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS);the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed.The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type.Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content,significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content,while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content.Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2principal component factors(linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor)with the contribution rate of 88.191%,which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality.525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3groups with obvious differences of quality characters,materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat,but the opposite was found in GroupⅢ.59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy,and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method.This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.展开更多
As a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine,Anoectochilus roxburghii has the cooling and detoxifying effects,and can nourish yin to reduce pathogenic fire,and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this...As a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine,Anoectochilus roxburghii has the cooling and detoxifying effects,and can nourish yin to reduce pathogenic fire,and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this paper,we summarized the research progress in detail about the biological characteristics,resource distribution,composition,medicinal value and rapid seedling breeding technology concerning the rare Chinese herbal medicine A. roxburghii,in order to provide a reference for the in-depth study and rational development and utilization of A.roxburghii.展开更多
Slow growth is a bottleneck for the large-scale application of bryophytes in landscaping.The article reviewed the progress of artificial breeding researches,summarized several effective means of collecting germplasm r...Slow growth is a bottleneck for the large-scale application of bryophytes in landscaping.The article reviewed the progress of artificial breeding researches,summarized several effective means of collecting germplasm resources and cultivating and breeding,discussed the feasibility of specialized mosses garden,and proposed the approaches of scale breeding such as stereo-cultivation and optimization of cultivation media.展开更多
China is not only one of the origin centers of Pyrus L.,but also the earliest birthplace of Pyrus L.in the world.This paper reviews the evolution of Pyrus L.from the aspects of leaf edge morphology,inflorescence and f...China is not only one of the origin centers of Pyrus L.,but also the earliest birthplace of Pyrus L.in the world.This paper reviews the evolution of Pyrus L.from the aspects of leaf edge morphology,inflorescence and fruit type,and summarizes the research progress of classification and species distribution of Pyrus L.,which is of great significance for the protection,evaluation and utilization of germplasm resources.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of Henan Province for Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology(212102110386)the National Spark Program Project(2011ga750009).
文摘Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since the 1990s,overharvesting,water pollution and habitat changes have seriously destroyed the germplasm resources of A.davidianus,their population density has decreased since then.Strengthening the protection and rational utilization of A.davidianus germplasm resources are key factors in impacting the healthy,stable and sustainable development of A.davidianus industry.Under the above background,we discussed the current problems with the protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,put forward suggestions for the conservation of A.davidianus germplasm resources.It is expected to provide a reference to effective protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,and provide a scientific foundation for further studies,so as to promote the high-quality development of related industry.
基金Supported by China Agricalture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26)Citrus Germplasm Resources Nursery Construction Project in Sihui City of Guangdong Province(KJ-20230310-H010)。
文摘[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.
基金The National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(19210163)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172006)+2 种基金The Plant Germplasm Resources Sharing Platform(NICGR2021-016)National Peanut Industry Technology System Construction(CARS-13)Central Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAAS-OCRI-ZDRW-202101)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2019YC19)the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(No.2019FY100803)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China from the Chinese Ministry of Education(2015ZCQLX-02)。
文摘Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accumulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the identification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.
基金Science and Technology Project of Dazhou City"Breeding of New Ramie Varieties with Extra High Quality and High Yield for Fiber"(18ZDYF0017)Program of Special Cash Crop Innovation Team New Ramie Variety Breeding and Cultivation and Utilization Post of Sichuan Province.
文摘[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences performed a screening test of excellent ramie germplasm resources from 2017 to 2019 to compare the growth,resistance,raw fiber yield and fiber fineness of the experimental materials.[Results]All the experimental materials showed strong growth potential,drought resistance and disease resistance.There were 8 kinds of resources with a fiber fineness greater than 2000 m/g,of which 3 kinds of resource materials had a fiber fineness greater than 2300 m/g;12 kinds of resources has the raw fiber yield exceeding the control and 10 kinds of resources had the raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha;3 kinds of resources met the requirements of the high-yield and high-quality indicators(fiber fineness exceeding 2000 m/g and raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha),they were BD0718,BD1614 and BYL2.[Conclusions]These high-quality ramie resources can provide a rich resource base for the breeding of new ramie varieties.
文摘The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves selected in this study,and petal number had the largest coefficient of variation,followed by ovary height,and leaf length had the smallest coefficient of variation. F test results showed that the differences in 11 phenotypic traits reached a significant level. Through the trait correlation analysis,it was found that there was a positive or negative significant correlation between the 11 phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 71. 185%,the eigenvector which reflected flower pattern was largest,and flower pattern had a great impact on classification of camellia variety. Based on the genetic differences in traits between varieties,the 35 test materials were divided into three categories: Group I was characterized by large flower pattern; Group II was characterized by large leaf pattern; Group Ⅲ was characterized by many petals. Flower diameter and flower height were important standards for classification of camellia variety.
文摘Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.
基金Key Science and Technology Service Projects in 2016"Investigation Project of Degradation of Four Major Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials in Bozhou City"(BZCG[2015]338)University Continuing Education Teaching Reform Project(2019jxjj67)Natural Science Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2019A1180,KJ2018A0884,KJ2017A772).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthemum samples were dissected and made into integral slices,and surface morphology of each part was observed microscopically.Powder slices were developed in the same way and observed under a microscope.According to thin layer chromatography(TLC)test(Part I,Appendix VIB,2005 edition),2μL of sample solutions and reference solutions were absorbed respectively,and dripped on the same piece of silica gel G thin layer plate.With petroleum ether-acetone(2∶1)as the developing solvent,samples were developed and then dried.Slices were sprayed with chromogenic agent 2%aluminum trichloride,and examined under UV light at the wavelength of 365 nm.Whether fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference solutions were observed.[Result]Non-glandular hairs were found in bract microstructures of three species of chrysanthemums.There were many T-shaped hairs and few multicellular sessile non-glandular hairs.The epidermal cell walls of bracts were parallel straight,and some were rectangular;stomas could be seen everywhere.Only Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.displayed fluorescent spots of the same color in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference sample acacetin in TLC test,and the spots of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.were light in color;there were no spots observed in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.[Conclusion]The external characters,internal forms and internal components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.,D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.and C.morifolium Ramat are all related to germplasm resources of chrysanthemum species.The contents of acacetin,one of the components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.,remain to be further studied.
基金Supported by Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2019J13SN120)。
文摘China is very rich in germplasm resources of Actinidia Lindl.There are 66 actinidia species in the world,and 62 species are found in China.A.deliciosa,A.chinensis Planch.,A.eriantha Benth.and A.arguta(Sieb.&Zucc)Planch.ex Miq.unique to China all have high economic value and are widely cultivated.In this paper,the origin and cultivation history,nutritional value,preservation and rational use of Actinidia germplasm resources were reviewed,and the development and utilization of Actinidia germplasm resources in China was discussed,aiming to facilitate the sustainable utilization and variety improvement of kiwifruit germplasm resources.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China"Collection and Identification of Wild Sugarcane Germplasm Resources in Myanmar"(31460372)National Natural Science Foundation of China"Supplementary Investigation,Collection and Identification of Wild Sugarcane Germplasm Resources in Tibet"(31260348)
文摘In January 2016,Kunming underwent 52 hours of rain and snow weather below 0℃.In order to identify the cold tolerance of different wild sugarcane germplasm resources in low temperature and snow disasters,cold injuries of 38 shares of wild sugarcane germplasm resources,which were collected during2012-2013 and preserved in the germplasm resource nursery of Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Agricultural University,were surveyed to evaluate the cold tolerance based on sugarcane cold tolerance index(CTI)=0.5×shoot tip growing point injury index+0.3×node injury index+0.2×internode injury index.The results showed that cold tolerance indexes of four wild sugarcane varieties demonstrated a descending order of Erianthus arundinaceum Retz.(0.7),Erianthus rockii Keng(0.5),Saccharums pontaneum L.(0.3),Erianthusf ulvus Nees.(0).Greater cold tolerance indexes indicate poorer cold tolerance.Thus,Erianthus arundinaceumhad the poorest cold tolerance,while Erianthus fulvus exhibited the strongest cold tolerance.In addition,there were significant differences in cold tolerance among different Saccharum spontaneumclones.The 23 Saccharum spontaneumclones could be divided into four grades,including 1clone with the poorest cold tolerance that accounted for 4.3%,5clones with poor cold tolerance that accounted for 21.7%,14 clones with strong cold tolerance that accounted for 60.9%,and 3clones with the strongest cold tolerance that accounted for 13.0%(2012-23,2012-32,2012-37).Especially,2012-23 exhibited extremely strong cold tolerance.This study provided the scientific basis for screening of cold-tolerant wild sugarcane germplasm resources and selection of cold-tolerant parents.
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Program:International Science and Technology Cooperation(20200801075GH)Jilin Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CXGC2021ZY101)。
文摘In this paper,we reviewed the classification,genetic diversity and planting and application of snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)germplasm resources in China at the present stage were,analyzed the bottleneck of snap bean research in China,and prospected the development trend of snap bean germplasm research in the future.In the opportunity of the completion of the whole genome sequencing of kidney bean and the construction of high-density genetic map,it is necessary to strengthen the application of ISSR,SNP and other molecular methods and high-throughput proteomics to the study on the specific breeding of snap bean.
基金supported by the Applied Basic Research Key Project of Yunnan,China(Grant No.202101AS07001)Reserve Talents for Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders,China(Grant No.202105AC160083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31671732).
文摘Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant seed oil.Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species,including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil,Malania oleifera,Macaranga adenantha,and M.indica.M.oleifera had the largest seed(average 7.40 g single seed),highest oil content(58.71%),and highest NA level(42.22%).The germplasm diversity of M.oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation.Seeds of M.adenantha contained higher NA levels(28.41%)than M.indica(21.77%),but M.indica contained a significantly higher oil content(29.22%)and seed yield.M.adenantha germplasm varied among populations,with one population having seeds with high oil content(22.63%)and NA level(37.78%).Although M.indica grow naturally at a range of elevations,no significant differences were detected between M.indica populations.These results suggest that M.indica and M.oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA,which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860533)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(GuikeAA17204045-4)Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(GuikeZY19183010)。
文摘The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and reliability of the mathematical model was verified by calculating index weights and comprehensive evaluation scores.In this paper,11 indicators were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation system from four dimensions of yields,resistances,contents of main inclusions in seeds and tree shapes.AHP method was applied to calculate the index weight of each dimension,after passing the consistency test,FCE method was applied to comprehensively evaluate germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.The index weights of the yields,resistances,contents of major inclusions in seeds and tree shapes were 0.5518,0.2554,0.1279 and 0.0649,respectively.The yield had the greatest influence on the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith,which was in line with the actual production demand of S.nobilis Smith as a food crop.However,resistances and contents of major inclusions in seeds had limited influence on it,while tree shapes had the least influence on it.After fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the final evaluation score was 88.00,the corresponding evaluation score was between 4 and 5,and the evaluation results ranged from slight good to good,which indicated that the evaluation weights corresponding to the four dimensions were more scientific and reasonable.In this study,the mathematical model of AHP-FCE was used to establish and evaluate the comprehensive evaluation system of the germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.According to the values of index weights and the evaluation results,it showed that the mathematical model was scientific and reliable,and it could provide a new reference method for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of other fruits.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(No.2021C02074 and 2021C02073)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR21H280002)Zhejiang Key Agricultural Enterprise Institute(No.2017Y20001)。
文摘Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable medical macrofungus with a myriad of diverse secondary metabolites,in which triterpenoids are the major constituents.This paper introduced the germplasm resources of genus Ganoderma from textual research,its distribution and identification at the molecular level.Also we overviewed G.lucidum in the components,the biological activities and biosynthetic pathways of ganoderic acid,aiming to provide scientific evidence for the development and utilization of G.lucidum germplasm resources and the biosynthesis of ganoderic acid.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872962)the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1710800)+3 种基金China Post-doctoral Science Foundation Project (2019M650851)the Science and Technology Research Project of Shanxi Province (2014ZD0401)the Key Projects of Key Research and Development Plan in Shanxi (201603D311101)the Shanxi Province Technology Innovation Project of Excellent Talent (201605D211030 and 201705D211020)。
文摘Objective: Based on trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) hydrolysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) and high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) analysis, the carbohydrate responsible for immunomodulatory activity are used as quality indicators for Astragalus Radix(AR).Methods: In this study, 24 batches of AR from different germplasm resources were selected as the research object, and AR polysaccharides were extracted. PAGE and HPTLC methods were used to analyze the partial acid hydrolyzate of AR polysaccharides and obtain a series of saccharide fingerprints. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis to obtain the difference between AR from different germplasm resources.Results: The results showed that trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide could be used as differential fragments to distinguish AR of different cultivation methods;Disaccharides and trisaccharides can be used as differential fragments to distinguish different species of AR. The immunological activity analysis of the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR showed that the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR could promote the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO in THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion: Both PAGE and HPTLC methods can be used to evaluate AR from different germplasm resources. This study laid the foundation for the quality evaluation of AR medicinal herbs.
基金Forestry Science and Technology Extension Demonstration Project of Central Finance(TG 02)。
文摘The plant germplasm resources of Zhalantun grassland in the eastern Inner Mongolia were investigated in 2015.The order of plant biomass production in all the types of grassland decreased compared to 1985 as the followings:mountain meadow(76.72%)>temperate meadow steppe(66.53%)>lowland meadow(55.03%)>temperate typical steppe(26.37%).There were 243 plant species belonging to 166 genera and 47 families in Zhalantun grassland,including 163 forage species,78 medicinal species and 82 ornamental plant species attributable to 103 genera of 33 families,65 genera of 29 families and 63 genera of 29 families,respectively.In addition,38 species of edible plants,29 species of toxic and harmful plants and five rare protected plants were found in this area.
基金the Project of“Accurate Identification of Sunflower Germplasm Resources(19221985)”the earmarked fund of“CARS—Specific Oilseed Crops(CARS-14)”+2 种基金the Project of“Exploration,Identification and Innovative Utilization of Excellent Germplasm Resources of Oil Crops(CAAS-OCRI-ZDRW-202101)”the Project of“Oil Crop Germplasm Resource Protection(19221888-4)”the Project of“National Science and Technology Resource Sharing Service Platform(NCGRC-2022-Special Oil Crop)”。
文摘To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers(including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines)were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS);the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed.The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type.Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content,significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content,while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content.Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2principal component factors(linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor)with the contribution rate of 88.191%,which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality.525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3groups with obvious differences of quality characters,materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat,but the opposite was found in GroupⅢ.59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy,and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method.This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.
基金Supported by Special Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding Project of Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2016C02058)Key Provincial Research and Development Project(2017C02019)
文摘As a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine,Anoectochilus roxburghii has the cooling and detoxifying effects,and can nourish yin to reduce pathogenic fire,and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this paper,we summarized the research progress in detail about the biological characteristics,resource distribution,composition,medicinal value and rapid seedling breeding technology concerning the rare Chinese herbal medicine A. roxburghii,in order to provide a reference for the in-depth study and rational development and utilization of A.roxburghii.
基金Sponsored by Youth Program of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest University for Nationalities(12NZYQN23)Sub-project of Sichuan Sci-tech Enterprises Self-dependent Innovation and Reconstruction Assistance Program(K20110125B)
文摘Slow growth is a bottleneck for the large-scale application of bryophytes in landscaping.The article reviewed the progress of artificial breeding researches,summarized several effective means of collecting germplasm resources and cultivating and breeding,discussed the feasibility of specialized mosses garden,and proposed the approaches of scale breeding such as stereo-cultivation and optimization of cultivation media.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(222300420508)Henan Provincial Key Science and Technology Research Project(202102310478)+1 种基金the Ph D Research Fund of Pingdingshan University(PXY-BSQD-2012009)Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers in Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(2021GGJS147)。
文摘China is not only one of the origin centers of Pyrus L.,but also the earliest birthplace of Pyrus L.in the world.This paper reviews the evolution of Pyrus L.from the aspects of leaf edge morphology,inflorescence and fruit type,and summarizes the research progress of classification and species distribution of Pyrus L.,which is of great significance for the protection,evaluation and utilization of germplasm resources.
