This paper explores the concept of the new public sphere and public discourse in the context of globalisation.It starts by analyzing how globalisation has affected the emergence of the new public sphere and the role t...This paper explores the concept of the new public sphere and public discourse in the context of globalisation.It starts by analyzing how globalisation has affected the emergence of the new public sphere and the role that digital technologies have played in it.The influence of the new public sphere on public discourse during globalisation is discussed,along with how it has affected accessibility,citizen engagement,and power dynamics.The paper also examines the various issues that the new public sphere during globalisation brings to the forefront of public discourse,such as the increased spread of false information,polarization of opinion,marginalization of oppressed groups,cultural appropriation,privacy concerns,surveillance,censorship,and the digital divide.It concludes by arguing that the new public sphere and public discourse during globalisation can be beneficial but should be managed carefully to ensure it is a positive force for society.展开更多
Globalisation refers to a complex process of increasing interdependence, integration, and interaction among individuals, societies, cultures, and institutions around the world in the spheres of economy, culture, knowl...Globalisation refers to a complex process of increasing interdependence, integration, and interaction among individuals, societies, cultures, and institutions around the world in the spheres of economy, culture, knowledge, technology, and politics. The impacts of globalisation especially during the last few centuries have been spread throughout the globe. Although, the implications of globalisation on the economies and international relations have been discussed widely, its impacts on the society and culture especially in the context of rural Sri Lanka have not been studied and analysed adequately. Therefore, this paper has examined the factors that have been contributed to the construction of local culture in the rural Sri Lankan society. The qualitative analysis has included theoretical explanation to the glohalisation and culture which has followed with a review of literatures on the recent studies on impacts of globalisation on the local culture in the rural Sri Lankan society. The paper concludes that there are significant influences from the globalisation process to construct the local culture of rural Sri Lanka.展开更多
In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their ...In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their economy and global status. However, 1) present research generally overlooks the importance of different types of elements in different marketing themes, 2) the combinations of marketing themes are still unknown, and 3) the presumption that the emphasised elements and specific combination of marketing themes on official websites differentiates cities requires more cases to be understood. In light of this background, this study collects homepage elements of 49 Alpha world cities' official websites and quantitatively analyses the frequency of different types of elements, the marketing content themes, and the dissimilarity of content of Chinese Alpha world cities. The results indicate that comprehensiveness and locality appear in the process of city marketing throughout official city websites. Overall, we make the following conclusions. 1) The importance of different kinds of elements significantly differs between 49 Alpha world cities. 2) Based on various combinations of elements, the marketing contents of Alpha world cities through official websites can be categorised into six themes of history and culture, government and information, construction and environment, government and living, construction and living, and general compound. 3) The marketing elements of five Chinese Alpha world cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei and Guangzhou, are different than the other 44 Alpha world cities, and Chinese cities prefer to advertise their history and culture but rarely market citizens' activities. Moreover, Chinese cities' marketing mostly targets natives while the other 44 Alpha cities target external groups, and the locality of world cities' website marketing is reinforced especially on a native language edition website. This study ultimately finds that the Chinese edition websites of five Chinese cities place more focus on introducing local historical buildings, administrative services, and internal business information than the English edition websites do.展开更多
Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to...Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.展开更多
An ethnography study was conducted among five villages in Kotagiri district of Tamil Nadu,to identify“how globalisation affects the food behaviour of Badagas”.The research is a qualitative study,having implemented V...An ethnography study was conducted among five villages in Kotagiri district of Tamil Nadu,to identify“how globalisation affects the food behaviour of Badagas”.The research is a qualitative study,having implemented Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory.The traditional food processed and prepared by women of Badagar community is intimately connected to their socio-cultural,ecological,and spiritual life and health.The processing and preparation of ethnic foods demonstrate not only the creativity and treasure of food heritage of tribal women,but also their incremental learning to sustain the life and ecosystem as a whole.Looking to the diversities in ethnic foods,an attempt has been made to explore the ethnic foods from five different villages in Kotagiri district.The food choices made by people,either as individuals or as a group,can reveal views,passions,background knowledge,assumptions,and personalities.Food choices tell stories of families,migrations,assimilation,resistance,changes over times,and personal as well as group identity.In each place,the processing method of these foods is somewhat different based on the growing international trade,migration,tourism,and globalisation.The food used in the dietary system was found to be nutritionally rich and culturally important in various festivals and ceremonies.Ethnic food prepared and consumed by women in the past cannot be seen in the isolated mode,instead it is a complex dynamics in which nutrition,health,food security,culture,ethics,subsistence economy,and ecological sustainability are integral components.This paper thereby determines and defines the behaviour and practice of food among the respondents,its change,and cause.展开更多
Globalisation makes a significant difference to emergent nations.This paper provides insight into the benefits of globalisation on countries which have not been industrialised in respect to economy growth and well-bei...Globalisation makes a significant difference to emergent nations.This paper provides insight into the benefits of globalisation on countries which have not been industrialised in respect to economy growth and well-being of population.Meanwhile,counter-arguments have been used to test the rigour of the paper.Whilst globalisation has brought a wider income gap and various new diseases,it has at the same time resulted in more positive than negative effects for countries with undeveloped industries.展开更多
This article addresses challenges to the established international order.Its critique becomes particularly discernible at the domestic level,where political and economic frameworks are contested by electorates and ant...This article addresses challenges to the established international order.Its critique becomes particularly discernible at the domestic level,where political and economic frameworks are contested by electorates and anti-establishment movements in Western countries,engulfed by anti-globalisation sentiments and disillusioned with the asymmetric formula of globalisation.Populism implies that the'social revolt,facing the West today,regardless of whether it takes place in France,Greece,Hungary,Poland,the UK or the USA,is not a legitimate response to deep-seated problems but rather is the problem itself.The main aims of this article are to investigate what has caused this surge of support for populism in the West;what the role of the default system of economic governance is in inspiring populist resentment;and,finally,what the identity crisis,stemming from thyperglobalisation,,and wrecking the social order in Western societies has to do with fear,(un)fairness and the redistributive effects of economic globalisation.展开更多
With a predicted global nursing shortage,ensuring the provision of quality healthcare has become a pressing concern.In China,these concerns include the need to produce nurses trained to a level to support advancing nu...With a predicted global nursing shortage,ensuring the provision of quality healthcare has become a pressing concern.In China,these concerns include the need to produce nurses trained to a level to support advancing nursing practice and a healthcare system that supports the growth and retention of nurses in China.This paper argues that the standard of nursing education in China plays a crucial role in preparing graduates to meet the health demands of China's growing population and the role that China can play into the future in the global progression of nursing.Collaboration between nursing authorities,educators,and legislators is required to support the progression of nursing worldwide.展开更多
Reasons for the initiation of farming systems/participatory approaches in non-Green Revolution（i.e., in more heterogeneous and less favourable production environments） areas in low-income countries is followed by a ...Reasons for the initiation of farming systems/participatory approaches in non-Green Revolution（i.e., in more heterogeneous and less favourable production environments） areas in low-income countries is followed by a discussion of their evolution.Four phases are described along, with a brief description of some of the significant methods in which farmer participation has been sought, accessed and evaluated.They enabled/facilitated the evolutionary process.Although, over the last 40 years there has been a progress in making small-scale farmers much more visible in driving the agricultural research/development agenda through using the four basic stages embodied in the farming systems approach（i.e., descriptive, diagnosis, testing/evaluation and finally dissemination）, much still needs to be done.This leads on to a discussion as to some of the barriers still inhibiting true farmer empowerment and why further, such empowerment is imperative, if the agricultural challenges of this century are to be addressed successfully, namely substantially increasing agricultural productivity in an ecologically sustainable manner.Given the heterogeneity of the production environments and that many identified improvements are likely to be incremental rather than revolutionary in nature, this will require farmers＇ intimate involvement in their identification, evaluation and dissemination.Discussion in the paper recognizes that there is increasing globalization/commercialization of agriculture and is predicated on the need to consider the whole farmer-research-development continuum involving multiple stakeholders（i.e., farmers, scientists, extension workers, input/output service providers and policymakers）.Such a continuum has been explicitly recognized in the operational plans for the recently reformed international agricultural research（i.e., CGIAR） system.The paper concludes with a short discussion on the potential role of formal modelling.展开更多
A study was undertaken in Kiribati, a small Pacific island nation, that has a low-level HIV epidemic but a high incidence of STIs among seafarers, their spouses (and children), and those involved in sex work. There ar...A study was undertaken in Kiribati, a small Pacific island nation, that has a low-level HIV epidemic but a high incidence of STIs among seafarers, their spouses (and children), and those involved in sex work. There are connections between development and dependency and HIV risk in Kiribati. Kiribati is a peripheral and dependent small island state underwritten by conditional aid and financial assistance and advice from donor countries, entwined in, and subject to, external globalising processes. We found two major factors related to Kiribati’s dependency engendered HIV risk. The first is Kiribati’s reliance on transnational seafaring. Long periods away from home, shipboard and port mateship cultures, and infrequent condom use in casual and paid sexual relations while in overseas ports, exacerbated by heavy alcohol use, have rendered i-Kiribati seafarers vulnerable to HIV. The second factor is related to the labour force participation of young women, which is extremely limited. In this context, some young i-Kiribati women choose to work on board, foreign fishing vessels selling sex. They stay with one client while on board a boat—for up to three months—and sex work is not only an economic transaction, but also emotional and affective labour. It is a pattern that makes consistent condom use problematic. Having multiple sequential seafarer partners may in fact generate considerable HIV vulnerability.展开更多
This paper is part of a wider project being carried out by the Research Group Literary Education, Culture and Society, which has been subsidised by the Ministry of University of Spain. Our project＇s main aim is the c...This paper is part of a wider project being carried out by the Research Group Literary Education, Culture and Society, which has been subsidised by the Ministry of University of Spain. Our project＇s main aim is the close study of three closely interrelated phenomena, globalisation, exclusion and multiculturality, in order to determine the influences on the children and young people Literature. We intend in this paper to show the results of a first research made in a smaller corpus in order to better draw up the entire project.展开更多
The paper tries to address the question of whether the smart grid solution can be transferred internationally, and explore the transferability of the smart grid across countries with three national comparisons： USA, ...The paper tries to address the question of whether the smart grid solution can be transferred internationally, and explore the transferability of the smart grid across countries with three national comparisons： USA, Europe and China. A qualitative content analysis in which data （the academic papers） are coded in preparation for comparison and interpretation is chosen to find the similarities and differences of smart grid development in different national contexts. Trough a comparative analysis of the smart grid development in USA, Europe and China, this paper conducts a transferable framework of smart grid solution with global and local features.展开更多
It is undoubted that language,as an intermediate,plays an important role in today’s trading.Collins(1994)also supported this view that language smooths the process of trading and even contributes to the growth of glo...It is undoubted that language,as an intermediate,plays an important role in today’s trading.Collins(1994)also supported this view that language smooths the process of trading and even contributes to the growth of global trading.This study will thus investigate how two opposite language phenomena,Englishisation and multilingualism,boost or hinder companies from conducting their business.We used secondary research and questionnaires distributed to employees in multinational corporations.We found that multilingualism tends to be the trend in future global trading and the company tends to apply languages used by countries with higher trading volumes.This work explains that language professionals are still highly demanded by society.展开更多
World-Class Universities(WCUs)are nationally embedded comprehensive higher education institutions(HEIs)that are closely engaged in the global knowledge system.The article reviews the conditions of possibility and evol...World-Class Universities(WCUs)are nationally embedded comprehensive higher education institutions(HEIs)that are closely engaged in the global knowledge system.The article reviews the conditions of possibility and evolution of WCUs.Three interpretations are used to explain worldwide higher education:neoliberal theory,institutional theory,and critical political economy,which give greater recognition than the other theories to the role of the state and variations between states.World higher education is evolving under conditions of globalization,organizational modernization(the New Public Management),and in some countries,marketization.These larger conditions have become manifest in higher education in three widespread tendencies:massification,the WCU movement,and organizational expansion.The last includes the strengthening of the role of the large multi-disciplinary multi-purpose HEIs(“multiversities”),in the form of both research-intensive WCUs with significant global presence,and other HEIs.The role of binary sector and specialist HEIs has declined.Elite WCUs gain status and strategic advantage in both quantity and quality:through growth and the expansion of scope,and through selectivity and research concentration.The balance between quantity and quality is now resolved at larger average size and broader scope than before.The final section of the article reviews WCUs in China and considers whether they might constitute a distinctive university model.展开更多
This paper echoes a tradition in agricultural geography by focusing on a single crop:cherries. It illustrates how developments associated with globalisation and growing urban markets are re-shaping rural areas. The in...This paper echoes a tradition in agricultural geography by focusing on a single crop:cherries. It illustrates how developments associated with globalisation and growing urban markets are re-shaping rural areas. The interplay between global and local is investigated in two different contexts. A Chinese example reflects transformations affecting the countryside following national economic reforms. Focusing on the hinterland of Xi'an, capital of Shaanxi Province, it examines farmers' responses to the changing socio-political context and the rising size and wealth of the local market. Individual initiatives backed by government support have spawned localised concentrations of cherry growing and increased horticultural production.Farm-based tourism is creating new relationships between farmers and consumers, with farms becoming more diversified and multifunctional. The second example is the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, where cherry growing is increasingly combined with direct sales to consumers and gastronomic tourism. The paper addresses contrasts and similarities between the two examples in the interplay between global and local, and a ‘multifunctional transition' in farming. Concluding remarks include reference to new economic links forged between China and Australia through relaxations on cherry imports to China and new patterns of Chinese foreign direct investment into Australian cherry production. A research agenda for future research is suggested.展开更多
The roles that nationalism has played in modern history are highly controversial.While the growing literature on the subject has offered refined empirical analyses,it leaves major ethical inquiries out of the picture....The roles that nationalism has played in modern history are highly controversial.While the growing literature on the subject has offered refined empirical analyses,it leaves major ethical inquiries out of the picture.This paper fills the void by examining the prevalence of nationalism through the lens of a fundamental philosophical divide between communal particularity and human universality.I first discuss the tension between moral/cultural relativism and liberal internationalism to understand the crux of the‘nationalism problem’;and then I move to consider the bright and dark sides of nationalism with reference to its historical manifestations so as to explore its potentials as a constructive force in future political life.I argue that nationalism is a response to the ambiguous normative underpinnings of the world system.It seeks to come to terms with the fragmentation of politics caused by the diversification of social values.As a living concept,nationalism continues to evolve with new trends of modern life.This research looks beyond the scope of national politics to examine the‘nationalism problem’.To reify nationalism as a fixed set of extremist doctrines and practices risks undermining the international society’s capabilities to engage nationalistic events wisely and creatively.展开更多
As China's economy has reached the stage of'New Normal',Chinese companies are increasingly seeking opportunities overseas.In the context of the slow recovery of world economy,China's outward economic a...As China's economy has reached the stage of'New Normal',Chinese companies are increasingly seeking opportunities overseas.In the context of the slow recovery of world economy,China's outward economic activities have found themselves in many parts of the globe,including the Latin Ameria and the Caribbean(LAC)region,some of the farthest places away from China.While many scholars have conducted extensive studies on China's trade and foreign direct investment(FDI)in Latin America and the Caribbean,this paper focusses on Chinese contracts in the region,a topic that has been rarely studied.Using both random-effects and fixed-effects models covering 30 LAC economies during 1998-2015,the multivariate panel regressions show that among numerous determinants,Chinese companies prefer to undertake projects in the countries that are economically more advanced and more populous.In addition to the level of development and the size of population,those that have natural resources,expansionary economy,and political openness tend to have Chinese contracts completed.The above,however,is true of only the countries with which China has diplomatic relations.For the countries that recognise China's Taiwan‘diplomatically',Chinese contracts do not seem to be as much economically determined as those that recognise People's Republic of China(PRC)diplomatically.Politics appear to interfere with contractual decisions except in the following categories:mineral resources and an expansionary economy.展开更多
The emergence of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa （the BRICS） poses important challenges to social scientists in these five countries. Increasing contact among the BRICS countries is resulting in greate...The emergence of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa （the BRICS） poses important challenges to social scientists in these five countries. Increasing contact among the BRICS countries is resulting in greater awareness of differences. Conflicts among them are inevitable. This paper focuses upon the relations between social actors from the BRICS countries, and is written from a Brazilian perspective. After a brief examination of the BRICS concept and a review of some contemporary challenges to sociological research and visions of globalisation, the paper will examine three distinct dimensions of relations between BRICS partners in a globalising world： supra-national organisation, economic and cultural exchanges（ Wieviorka 2008 ）. The key assumption of this paper is that it is necessary to build research agenda that can help develop sociological knowledge and provide a basis for building mutual understanding of the diverse forms of social interaction produced when actors from these countries enter into contact with each other. For example, increasingly cultural content produced in each of the BRICS is transmitted to others, the study of how such content is received and incorporated into the world views of different categories of receivers, especially youth, appears as a fertile area for study. The analysis of emergent conflicts is also an area to which sociological analysis can make an important contribution. As the BRICS develop, meaningful dialogue becomes both a value and a necessity. The aim of the paper is to structure a research agenda for the new times.展开更多
Increasing uncertainties in international trade policies have raised concerns about the possible break of global supply chains.This paper reviews relevant studies shedding light on global supply chain resilience.We fi...Increasing uncertainties in international trade policies have raised concerns about the possible break of global supply chains.This paper reviews relevant studies shedding light on global supply chain resilience.We first summarise some key facts and current developments of globalisation.We then review mechanisms through which shocks are transmitted along the global supply chains.Finally,we discuss the production relocation or sale adjustment of firms in response to shocks for maintaining supply chain resilience,from which we obtain some hints on how the resilience can be improved.We also highlight some implications and directions for future research.展开更多
基金from 2019 Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Foundation Project(No.19YYA003)2019 Research Projects of Philosophy and Social Science in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(No.2019SJA0435)to provide the financial support that enabled me to conduct this research.
文摘This paper explores the concept of the new public sphere and public discourse in the context of globalisation.It starts by analyzing how globalisation has affected the emergence of the new public sphere and the role that digital technologies have played in it.The influence of the new public sphere on public discourse during globalisation is discussed,along with how it has affected accessibility,citizen engagement,and power dynamics.The paper also examines the various issues that the new public sphere during globalisation brings to the forefront of public discourse,such as the increased spread of false information,polarization of opinion,marginalization of oppressed groups,cultural appropriation,privacy concerns,surveillance,censorship,and the digital divide.It concludes by arguing that the new public sphere and public discourse during globalisation can be beneficial but should be managed carefully to ensure it is a positive force for society.
文摘Globalisation refers to a complex process of increasing interdependence, integration, and interaction among individuals, societies, cultures, and institutions around the world in the spheres of economy, culture, knowledge, technology, and politics. The impacts of globalisation especially during the last few centuries have been spread throughout the globe. Although, the implications of globalisation on the economies and international relations have been discussed widely, its impacts on the society and culture especially in the context of rural Sri Lanka have not been studied and analysed adequately. Therefore, this paper has examined the factors that have been contributed to the construction of local culture in the rural Sri Lankan society. The qualitative analysis has included theoretical explanation to the glohalisation and culture which has followed with a review of literatures on the recent studies on impacts of globalisation on the local culture in the rural Sri Lankan society. The paper concludes that there are significant influences from the globalisation process to construct the local culture of rural Sri Lanka.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41320104001,41871140)the Scientific Specific Fund Project of Collaboration and Innovation Center of Coordinating Urban and Rural in Shanxi Province(No.SXCXCXZD2017-002)the Special Fund Project of the Basic Research Service of Sun Yat-sen University(No.17lgjc04)
文摘In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their economy and global status. However, 1) present research generally overlooks the importance of different types of elements in different marketing themes, 2) the combinations of marketing themes are still unknown, and 3) the presumption that the emphasised elements and specific combination of marketing themes on official websites differentiates cities requires more cases to be understood. In light of this background, this study collects homepage elements of 49 Alpha world cities' official websites and quantitatively analyses the frequency of different types of elements, the marketing content themes, and the dissimilarity of content of Chinese Alpha world cities. The results indicate that comprehensiveness and locality appear in the process of city marketing throughout official city websites. Overall, we make the following conclusions. 1) The importance of different kinds of elements significantly differs between 49 Alpha world cities. 2) Based on various combinations of elements, the marketing contents of Alpha world cities through official websites can be categorised into six themes of history and culture, government and information, construction and environment, government and living, construction and living, and general compound. 3) The marketing elements of five Chinese Alpha world cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei and Guangzhou, are different than the other 44 Alpha world cities, and Chinese cities prefer to advertise their history and culture but rarely market citizens' activities. Moreover, Chinese cities' marketing mostly targets natives while the other 44 Alpha cities target external groups, and the locality of world cities' website marketing is reinforced especially on a native language edition website. This study ultimately finds that the Chinese edition websites of five Chinese cities place more focus on introducing local historical buildings, administrative services, and internal business information than the English edition websites do.
文摘Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.
文摘An ethnography study was conducted among five villages in Kotagiri district of Tamil Nadu,to identify“how globalisation affects the food behaviour of Badagas”.The research is a qualitative study,having implemented Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory.The traditional food processed and prepared by women of Badagar community is intimately connected to their socio-cultural,ecological,and spiritual life and health.The processing and preparation of ethnic foods demonstrate not only the creativity and treasure of food heritage of tribal women,but also their incremental learning to sustain the life and ecosystem as a whole.Looking to the diversities in ethnic foods,an attempt has been made to explore the ethnic foods from five different villages in Kotagiri district.The food choices made by people,either as individuals or as a group,can reveal views,passions,background knowledge,assumptions,and personalities.Food choices tell stories of families,migrations,assimilation,resistance,changes over times,and personal as well as group identity.In each place,the processing method of these foods is somewhat different based on the growing international trade,migration,tourism,and globalisation.The food used in the dietary system was found to be nutritionally rich and culturally important in various festivals and ceremonies.Ethnic food prepared and consumed by women in the past cannot be seen in the isolated mode,instead it is a complex dynamics in which nutrition,health,food security,culture,ethics,subsistence economy,and ecological sustainability are integral components.This paper thereby determines and defines the behaviour and practice of food among the respondents,its change,and cause.
文摘Globalisation makes a significant difference to emergent nations.This paper provides insight into the benefits of globalisation on countries which have not been industrialised in respect to economy growth and well-being of population.Meanwhile,counter-arguments have been used to test the rigour of the paper.Whilst globalisation has brought a wider income gap and various new diseases,it has at the same time resulted in more positive than negative effects for countries with undeveloped industries.
基金This article is part of the "Global Economic Governance-Actors,Areas of Influence,Interactions" research project(OPUS,2016/23/B/HS5/00118)funded by the National Science Centre,Poland.
文摘This article addresses challenges to the established international order.Its critique becomes particularly discernible at the domestic level,where political and economic frameworks are contested by electorates and anti-establishment movements in Western countries,engulfed by anti-globalisation sentiments and disillusioned with the asymmetric formula of globalisation.Populism implies that the'social revolt,facing the West today,regardless of whether it takes place in France,Greece,Hungary,Poland,the UK or the USA,is not a legitimate response to deep-seated problems but rather is the problem itself.The main aims of this article are to investigate what has caused this surge of support for populism in the West;what the role of the default system of economic governance is in inspiring populist resentment;and,finally,what the identity crisis,stemming from thyperglobalisation,,and wrecking the social order in Western societies has to do with fear,(un)fairness and the redistributive effects of economic globalisation.
文摘With a predicted global nursing shortage,ensuring the provision of quality healthcare has become a pressing concern.In China,these concerns include the need to produce nurses trained to a level to support advancing nursing practice and a healthcare system that supports the growth and retention of nurses in China.This paper argues that the standard of nursing education in China plays a crucial role in preparing graduates to meet the health demands of China's growing population and the role that China can play into the future in the global progression of nursing.Collaboration between nursing authorities,educators,and legislators is required to support the progression of nursing worldwide.
文摘Reasons for the initiation of farming systems/participatory approaches in non-Green Revolution（i.e., in more heterogeneous and less favourable production environments） areas in low-income countries is followed by a discussion of their evolution.Four phases are described along, with a brief description of some of the significant methods in which farmer participation has been sought, accessed and evaluated.They enabled/facilitated the evolutionary process.Although, over the last 40 years there has been a progress in making small-scale farmers much more visible in driving the agricultural research/development agenda through using the four basic stages embodied in the farming systems approach（i.e., descriptive, diagnosis, testing/evaluation and finally dissemination）, much still needs to be done.This leads on to a discussion as to some of the barriers still inhibiting true farmer empowerment and why further, such empowerment is imperative, if the agricultural challenges of this century are to be addressed successfully, namely substantially increasing agricultural productivity in an ecologically sustainable manner.Given the heterogeneity of the production environments and that many identified improvements are likely to be incremental rather than revolutionary in nature, this will require farmers＇ intimate involvement in their identification, evaluation and dissemination.Discussion in the paper recognizes that there is increasing globalization/commercialization of agriculture and is predicated on the need to consider the whole farmer-research-development continuum involving multiple stakeholders（i.e., farmers, scientists, extension workers, input/output service providers and policymakers）.Such a continuum has been explicitly recognized in the operational plans for the recently reformed international agricultural research（i.e., CGIAR） system.The paper concludes with a short discussion on the potential role of formal modelling.
文摘A study was undertaken in Kiribati, a small Pacific island nation, that has a low-level HIV epidemic but a high incidence of STIs among seafarers, their spouses (and children), and those involved in sex work. There are connections between development and dependency and HIV risk in Kiribati. Kiribati is a peripheral and dependent small island state underwritten by conditional aid and financial assistance and advice from donor countries, entwined in, and subject to, external globalising processes. We found two major factors related to Kiribati’s dependency engendered HIV risk. The first is Kiribati’s reliance on transnational seafaring. Long periods away from home, shipboard and port mateship cultures, and infrequent condom use in casual and paid sexual relations while in overseas ports, exacerbated by heavy alcohol use, have rendered i-Kiribati seafarers vulnerable to HIV. The second factor is related to the labour force participation of young women, which is extremely limited. In this context, some young i-Kiribati women choose to work on board, foreign fishing vessels selling sex. They stay with one client while on board a boat—for up to three months—and sex work is not only an economic transaction, but also emotional and affective labour. It is a pattern that makes consistent condom use problematic. Having multiple sequential seafarer partners may in fact generate considerable HIV vulnerability.
文摘This paper is part of a wider project being carried out by the Research Group Literary Education, Culture and Society, which has been subsidised by the Ministry of University of Spain. Our project＇s main aim is the close study of three closely interrelated phenomena, globalisation, exclusion and multiculturality, in order to determine the influences on the children and young people Literature. We intend in this paper to show the results of a first research made in a smaller corpus in order to better draw up the entire project.
文摘The paper tries to address the question of whether the smart grid solution can be transferred internationally, and explore the transferability of the smart grid across countries with three national comparisons： USA, Europe and China. A qualitative content analysis in which data （the academic papers） are coded in preparation for comparison and interpretation is chosen to find the similarities and differences of smart grid development in different national contexts. Trough a comparative analysis of the smart grid development in USA, Europe and China, this paper conducts a transferable framework of smart grid solution with global and local features.
文摘It is undoubted that language,as an intermediate,plays an important role in today’s trading.Collins(1994)also supported this view that language smooths the process of trading and even contributes to the growth of global trading.This study will thus investigate how two opposite language phenomena,Englishisation and multilingualism,boost or hinder companies from conducting their business.We used secondary research and questionnaires distributed to employees in multinational corporations.We found that multilingualism tends to be the trend in future global trading and the company tends to apply languages used by countries with higher trading volumes.This work explains that language professionals are still highly demanded by society.
文摘World-Class Universities(WCUs)are nationally embedded comprehensive higher education institutions(HEIs)that are closely engaged in the global knowledge system.The article reviews the conditions of possibility and evolution of WCUs.Three interpretations are used to explain worldwide higher education:neoliberal theory,institutional theory,and critical political economy,which give greater recognition than the other theories to the role of the state and variations between states.World higher education is evolving under conditions of globalization,organizational modernization(the New Public Management),and in some countries,marketization.These larger conditions have become manifest in higher education in three widespread tendencies:massification,the WCU movement,and organizational expansion.The last includes the strengthening of the role of the large multi-disciplinary multi-purpose HEIs(“multiversities”),in the form of both research-intensive WCUs with significant global presence,and other HEIs.The role of binary sector and specialist HEIs has declined.Elite WCUs gain status and strategic advantage in both quantity and quality:through growth and the expansion of scope,and through selectivity and research concentration.The balance between quantity and quality is now resolved at larger average size and broader scope than before.The final section of the article reviews WCUs in China and considers whether they might constitute a distinctive university model.
文摘This paper echoes a tradition in agricultural geography by focusing on a single crop:cherries. It illustrates how developments associated with globalisation and growing urban markets are re-shaping rural areas. The interplay between global and local is investigated in two different contexts. A Chinese example reflects transformations affecting the countryside following national economic reforms. Focusing on the hinterland of Xi'an, capital of Shaanxi Province, it examines farmers' responses to the changing socio-political context and the rising size and wealth of the local market. Individual initiatives backed by government support have spawned localised concentrations of cherry growing and increased horticultural production.Farm-based tourism is creating new relationships between farmers and consumers, with farms becoming more diversified and multifunctional. The second example is the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, where cherry growing is increasingly combined with direct sales to consumers and gastronomic tourism. The paper addresses contrasts and similarities between the two examples in the interplay between global and local, and a ‘multifunctional transition' in farming. Concluding remarks include reference to new economic links forged between China and Australia through relaxations on cherry imports to China and new patterns of Chinese foreign direct investment into Australian cherry production. A research agenda for future research is suggested.
文摘The roles that nationalism has played in modern history are highly controversial.While the growing literature on the subject has offered refined empirical analyses,it leaves major ethical inquiries out of the picture.This paper fills the void by examining the prevalence of nationalism through the lens of a fundamental philosophical divide between communal particularity and human universality.I first discuss the tension between moral/cultural relativism and liberal internationalism to understand the crux of the‘nationalism problem’;and then I move to consider the bright and dark sides of nationalism with reference to its historical manifestations so as to explore its potentials as a constructive force in future political life.I argue that nationalism is a response to the ambiguous normative underpinnings of the world system.It seeks to come to terms with the fragmentation of politics caused by the diversification of social values.As a living concept,nationalism continues to evolve with new trends of modern life.This research looks beyond the scope of national politics to examine the‘nationalism problem’.To reify nationalism as a fixed set of extremist doctrines and practices risks undermining the international society’s capabilities to engage nationalistic events wisely and creatively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Project#71272033 for financial support.
文摘As China's economy has reached the stage of'New Normal',Chinese companies are increasingly seeking opportunities overseas.In the context of the slow recovery of world economy,China's outward economic activities have found themselves in many parts of the globe,including the Latin Ameria and the Caribbean(LAC)region,some of the farthest places away from China.While many scholars have conducted extensive studies on China's trade and foreign direct investment(FDI)in Latin America and the Caribbean,this paper focusses on Chinese contracts in the region,a topic that has been rarely studied.Using both random-effects and fixed-effects models covering 30 LAC economies during 1998-2015,the multivariate panel regressions show that among numerous determinants,Chinese companies prefer to undertake projects in the countries that are economically more advanced and more populous.In addition to the level of development and the size of population,those that have natural resources,expansionary economy,and political openness tend to have Chinese contracts completed.The above,however,is true of only the countries with which China has diplomatic relations.For the countries that recognise China's Taiwan‘diplomatically',Chinese contracts do not seem to be as much economically determined as those that recognise People's Republic of China(PRC)diplomatically.Politics appear to interfere with contractual decisions except in the following categories:mineral resources and an expansionary economy.
文摘The emergence of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa （the BRICS） poses important challenges to social scientists in these five countries. Increasing contact among the BRICS countries is resulting in greater awareness of differences. Conflicts among them are inevitable. This paper focuses upon the relations between social actors from the BRICS countries, and is written from a Brazilian perspective. After a brief examination of the BRICS concept and a review of some contemporary challenges to sociological research and visions of globalisation, the paper will examine three distinct dimensions of relations between BRICS partners in a globalising world： supra-national organisation, economic and cultural exchanges（ Wieviorka 2008 ）. The key assumption of this paper is that it is necessary to build research agenda that can help develop sociological knowledge and provide a basis for building mutual understanding of the diverse forms of social interaction produced when actors from these countries enter into contact with each other. For example, increasingly cultural content produced in each of the BRICS is transmitted to others, the study of how such content is received and incorporated into the world views of different categories of receivers, especially youth, appears as a fertile area for study. The analysis of emergent conflicts is also an area to which sociological analysis can make an important contribution. As the BRICS develop, meaningful dialogue becomes both a value and a necessity. The aim of the paper is to structure a research agenda for the new times.
基金Zhiyuan Li appreciates the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.72273035,42341205,and 72121002]the Major Programme of the Key Research Base in Humanities and Social Sciences,the Ministry of Education of China[Grant No.22JJD790012]the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.23ZDA052].
文摘Increasing uncertainties in international trade policies have raised concerns about the possible break of global supply chains.This paper reviews relevant studies shedding light on global supply chain resilience.We first summarise some key facts and current developments of globalisation.We then review mechanisms through which shocks are transmitted along the global supply chains.Finally,we discuss the production relocation or sale adjustment of firms in response to shocks for maintaining supply chain resilience,from which we obtain some hints on how the resilience can be improved.We also highlight some implications and directions for future research.
