It has been widely accepted that resistant starch(RS)provides numerous health benefits for human.In this research,we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes,RS5,in comparison with RS2 on ph...It has been widely accepted that resistant starch(RS)provides numerous health benefits for human.In this research,we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes,RS5,in comparison with RS2 on physical features,glucolipids metabolism,inflammation,and gut microbiota profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.The T2DM model was established by streptozotocin injection to the high-fat-sugar fed rats.According to a serial of biochemical analyses,we found that RS5 diets were strongly correlated with enhanced homeostatic model assessment for insulin secretion(HOMA-IS),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),adiponectin(ADP),insulin action index(IAI),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1),and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in T2DM rats whilst negatively associated with the low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and inflammatory cytokines,showing the capabilities to ameliorate T2DM symptoms by regulation of glucolipid metabolism,gut metabolites,and inflammation.On the other hand,RS2-enriched supplementations were influential in the mediation of insulin secretion to improve glucose metabolism.The increasing evidence collected herein suggested that intestinal microbiota could mediate glucolipids metabolism and alleviate inflammation after certain microflora nourished by RS.In addition,RS intake made an impact on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway that might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammatory responses.展开更多
Aim To investigate the effect of berberine on damaged morphology and glucolipid metabolization in skeletal muscle of diabetic rat and the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPARs） α/γ...Aim To investigate the effect of berberine on damaged morphology and glucolipid metabolization in skeletal muscle of diabetic rat and the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPARs） α/γ/δ protein expression. Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were induced by an injection of 35 mg.kg^-1 streptozotocin （STZ） and a high-carbohydrate/ high-fat diet for 16 weeks. From week 17 to 32, diabetic rats were given low-, middle-, high-dose berberine （75, 150, 300 mg.kg^-1）, fenofibrate （100 mg.kg^-1） and rosiglitazone （4 mg.kg^-1） by oral administration, respectively. The skeletal muscle structure was observed with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, glycogen and triglyceride contents were measured by spectrophotometry and PPAR α/γ/δ protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Fiber distribution remained normal in skeletal muscles of all the groups, middle-, high-dose berberine partly improved diabetic fibre atrophy, increased glycogen and decreased triglyceride levels in diabetic muscle （P〈 0.01）. Middle-, high-dose berberine and rosiglitazone all significantly reduced PPARy protein level in diabetic skeletal muscle （P 〈 0.01）; middle-, high-dose berberine and fenofibrate strikingly increased both PPARu and PPAR8 expression （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion Berberine modulates PPAR α/γ/δ protein expression in diabetic skeletal muscle which may contribute to ameliorate fibre damage and glucolipid metabolization.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) combined with cerebral infarction.Methods:Patients who w...Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) combined with cerebral infarction.Methods:Patients who were treated in the hospital due to acute cerebral infarction between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected, and according to the combination of OSAHS, the 300 patients with cerebral infarction were divided into the cerebral infarction group A who were combined with OSAHS and the cerebral infarction group B who were not combined with OSAHS;the 100 cases of healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of glucolipid metabolism indexes, cytokines and plaque hydrolysis molecules in serum were determined.Results: Serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A and cerebral infarction group B were significantly higher than those of control group whereas HDL-C levels were significantly lower than that of control group;serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A were significantly higher than those of cerebral infarction group B whereas HDL-C level was significantly lower than that of cerebral infarction group B.Conclusion: There are more significant glucolipid metabolism disorder and worse plaque stability in patients with OSAHS combined with cerebral infarction.展开更多
Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a crucial link in the process of bacterial response to environmental stresses, in which bacteria transmit information across the cytoplasmic membrane. Among the seven ECF...Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a crucial link in the process of bacterial response to environmental stresses, in which bacteria transmit information across the cytoplasmic membrane. Among the seven ECF σ factors of Bacillus subtilis σV, which is sequestered by transmembrane anti-σ factor RsiV under normal growth conditions, responds to lysozyme. When B. subtilis cells are challenged by lysozyme, the lysozyme-bound RsiV undergoes two successive proteolysis steps, by a signal peptidase and RasP protease, and releases σV. An unchallenged B. subtilis ugtP mutant lacking glucolipids exhibited higher σV activity than wild type. However, the activation occurred in the absence of RasP, and no proteolysis of RsiV was observed. It is likely that a conformational change, not proteolysis, of RsiV leads to this activation of σV in the absence of glucolipids. Replacement of the C-terminal region of RsiV with that of RsiW, the cognate σ factor of which, σW, is not activated in the ugtP mutant, indicated that the C-terminal extracytoplasmic region of RsiV was necessary for the response to glucolipid deficiency.展开更多
Our prior investigations have established that Inonotus obliquus(Chaga)possesses hypoglycemic effects.Persistent hyperglycemia is known to precipitate renal function abnormalities.The functionality of the kidneys is i...Our prior investigations have established that Inonotus obliquus(Chaga)possesses hypoglycemic effects.Persistent hyperglycemia is known to precipitate renal function abnormalities.The functionality of the kidneys is intricately linked to the levels of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate(cGMP),which are influenced by the activities of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and phosphodiesterase(PDE).Enhanced cGMP levels can be achieved either through the upregulation of NOS activity or the downregulation of PDE activity.The objective of the current study is to elucidate the effects of Chaga on disorders of glucolipid metabolism and renal abnormalities in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),while concurrently examining the NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway.A model of T2DM was developed in rats using a high-fat diet(HFD)combined with streptozotocin(STZ)administration,followed by treatment with Chaga extracts at doses of 50 and 100 mg·kg^(−1)for eight weeks.The findings revealed that Chaga not only mitigated metabolic dysfunctions,evidenced by improvements in fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and insulin resistance,but also ameliorated renal function markers,including serum creatinine,urine creatinine(UCr),blood urea nitrogen,24-h urinary protein,and estimated creatinine clearance.Additionally,enhancements in glomerular volume,GBM thickness,podocyte foot process width(FPW),and the mRNA and protein expressions of podocyte markers,such as nephrin and wilms tumor-1,were observed.Chaga was found to elevate cGMP levels in both serum and kidney tissues by increasing mRNA and protein expressions of renal endothelial NOS and neural NOS,while simultaneously reducing the expressions of renal inducible NOS and PDE5.In summary,Chaga counteracts HFD/STZ-induced glucolipid metabolism and renal function disturbances by modulating the NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway.This research supports the potential application of Chaga in the clinical prevention and treatment of T2DM and diabetic nephropathy(DN),with cGMP serving as a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
Cell wall is a basic component of bacteria that promotes bacteria to adapt the complicated environment as well as play an essential role in antimicrobial resistance.The structure of bacterial cell wall is remarkably r...Cell wall is a basic component of bacteria that promotes bacteria to adapt the complicated environment as well as play an essential role in antimicrobial resistance.The structure of bacterial cell wall is remarkably rich,and some complex components,such as peptidoglycan,lipopolysaccharide,and peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan et al.,can only be found in bacteria.Furthermore,the biosynthesis and transfer of these glycolipids are indispensable for bacteria during cell elongation.And the process of biosynthesis and transfer are generally associated with metabolism and sophisticated enzyme mechanisms.However,how the metabolic process takes place,what role enzymes play in this process and how they function have been major concerns for scientists in this field.Numerous significant progresses on fluorescent probes and biological imaging bring opportunity for the studying of metabolism and enzyme mechanisms recently due to its non-invasive and high sensitivity.In this review,we focused on metabolic fluorescent probes for the detection of glycolipids in bacterial cell wall and highlighted the involving mechanisms and biological application.展开更多
目的:评价有氧及抗阻运动对糖尿病前期患者的糖脂代谢水平、疾病转归情况以及心血管风险的影响。方法:选取2019年12月~2020年12月广西医科大学第一附属医院糖尿病前期患者84例,均接受糖尿病饮食宣教,用随机法分为有氧运动组及抗阻运动组...目的:评价有氧及抗阻运动对糖尿病前期患者的糖脂代谢水平、疾病转归情况以及心血管风险的影响。方法:选取2019年12月~2020年12月广西医科大学第一附属医院糖尿病前期患者84例,均接受糖尿病饮食宣教,用随机法分为有氧运动组及抗阻运动组各42例,两组3次/w中强度运动,50 min/次,进行为期12个月的运动干预。分析患者运动干预前、运动干预6个月后及运动干预12个月后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血糖和血脂水平变化。结果:两组患者运动干预前基线资料、HbA1c、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)生化指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者运动干预6、12个月后各项指标较干预前均有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组运动干预6个月后,抗阻组降低2 h PG水平优于有氧运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HbA1c、空腹血糖、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组运动干预12个月后,抗阻组降低HbA1c、空腹血糖和2 h PG水平优于有氧运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C指标两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:有氧及抗阻运动有效改善糖尿病前期患者血糖水平和脂质代谢,延缓病情发展,降低心血管风险,运动疗法对糖尿病前期人群转归正常具有积极作用。展开更多
Background Cold stress has negative effects on the growth and health of mammals, and has become a factor restricting livestock development at high latitudes and on plateaus. The gut-liver axis is central to energy met...Background Cold stress has negative effects on the growth and health of mammals, and has become a factor restricting livestock development at high latitudes and on plateaus. The gut-liver axis is central to energy metabolism, and the mechanisms by which it regulates host energy metabolism at cold temperatures have rarely been illustrated. In this study, we evaluated the status of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in pigs based on the gut-liver axis and propose that AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) is a key target for alleviating energy stress at cold temperatures by dietary fat supplementation.Results Dietary fat supplementation alleviated the negative effects of cold temperatures on growth performance and digestive enzymes, while hormonal homeostasis was also restored. Moreover, cold temperature exposure increased glucose transport in the jejunum. In contrast, we observed abnormalities in lipid metabolism, which was characterized by the accumulation of bile acids in the ileum and plasma. In addition, the results of the ileal metabolomic analysis were consistent with the energy metabolism measurements in the jejunum, and dietary fat supplementation increased the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipid metabolism. As the central nexus of energy metabolism, the state of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the liver are inconsistent with that in the small intestine. Specifically, we found that cold temperature exposure increased glucose transport in the liver, which fully validates the idea that hormones can act on the liver to regulate glucose output. Additionally, dietary fat supplementation inhibited glucose transport and glycolysis, but increased gluconeogenesis, bile acid cycling, and lipid metabolism. Sustained activation of AMPK, which an energy receptor and regulator, leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver;dietary fat supplementation alleviates energy stress by reducing AMPK phosphorylation.Conclusions Cold stress reduced the growth performance and aggravated glycolipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress damage in pigs. Dietary fat supplementation improved growth performance and alleviated cold temperature-induced energy stress through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, we high-light the importance of AMPK in dietary fat supplementation-mediated alleviation of host energy stress in response to environmental changes.展开更多
Glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD）, a complex of interrelated disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism, has become one of the leading chronic diseases causing public and clinical problem worldwide. As the metaboli...Glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD）, a complex of interrelated disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism, has become one of the leading chronic diseases causing public and clinical problem worldwide. As the metabolism of lipid and glucose is a highly coordinated process under both physiological and diseased conditions, the impairment in the signals corresponding to the metabolism of either lipid or glucose represents the common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GLMD. The liver and adipose tissue are the major metabolic organs responsible for energy utilization and storage, respectively. This review article aims to summarize the current advances in the investigation of the functional roles and the underling mechanisms of the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in the modulation of GLMD development. Fibroblast growth factor 21 （FGF21） and adiponectin represent the two major hormones secreted from the liver and adipose tissues, respectively. FGF21 exerts pleiotropic effects on regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis majorly through inducing the expression and secretion of adiponectin. Therefore, FGF21-adiponectin axis functions as the key mediator for the crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue to exert the beneficial effects on the maintenance of the homeostasis of energy consumption. The liver- and adipose tissue-derived factors with pleiotropic effects on regulating of lipid and glucose metabolism function as the key mediator for the crosstalk between these two highly active metabolic organs, thereby coordinating the initiation and development of GLMD.展开更多
Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settin...Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settings. However, increasing of the disease incidence, lacking of comprehensive prevention and control measurements against the key pathology point concomitant occurrence with the pattem of the single disease, single target therapy, that is leading therapeutic strategy for these metabolic disorders in the setting of Western medicine （WM）. On the basis of the combination of the advantages of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and WM, with unified understanding of such diseases, the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD） is introduced. In this new concept, disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are recognized as the key trigger and major driving force for the progress of GLMD. The key points of pathology included dysfunction of neuronal-endocrine-immune system,insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. In the core pathogenic perspective of CM, it can be explained as ＂Gan （Liver） Shi Shu Xie＂ （dysfunction of Gan in metabolism and emotion regulation） that will lead to the occurence/production of endogenous dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and turbid. This leads to the new concept of ＂Liver-based regulatory system for metabolic homeostasis＂ to be introduced further. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy ＂Tiao Gan Qi Shu Hua Zhuo＂ （modulating Gan, trigging key metabolic system to resolve pathogenic factors such as phlegm retention and dampness）. Its representative formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule （复方贞术调脂胶囊） is innovated under such rationales. Comment for some commonly-used CM GLMD therapeutic drugs was presented. High-level evidence-based and epidemiological and mechanism studies should be carded out to further interpret and explain of the scientific connotation of GLMD.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3203000230)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(63231172)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(222300420158),for supporting this research.
文摘It has been widely accepted that resistant starch(RS)provides numerous health benefits for human.In this research,we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes,RS5,in comparison with RS2 on physical features,glucolipids metabolism,inflammation,and gut microbiota profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.The T2DM model was established by streptozotocin injection to the high-fat-sugar fed rats.According to a serial of biochemical analyses,we found that RS5 diets were strongly correlated with enhanced homeostatic model assessment for insulin secretion(HOMA-IS),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),adiponectin(ADP),insulin action index(IAI),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1),and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in T2DM rats whilst negatively associated with the low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and inflammatory cytokines,showing the capabilities to ameliorate T2DM symptoms by regulation of glucolipid metabolism,gut metabolites,and inflammation.On the other hand,RS2-enriched supplementations were influential in the mediation of insulin secretion to improve glucose metabolism.The increasing evidence collected herein suggested that intestinal microbiota could mediate glucolipids metabolism and alleviate inflammation after certain microflora nourished by RS.In addition,RS intake made an impact on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway that might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammatory responses.
文摘Aim To investigate the effect of berberine on damaged morphology and glucolipid metabolization in skeletal muscle of diabetic rat and the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPARs） α/γ/δ protein expression. Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were induced by an injection of 35 mg.kg^-1 streptozotocin （STZ） and a high-carbohydrate/ high-fat diet for 16 weeks. From week 17 to 32, diabetic rats were given low-, middle-, high-dose berberine （75, 150, 300 mg.kg^-1）, fenofibrate （100 mg.kg^-1） and rosiglitazone （4 mg.kg^-1） by oral administration, respectively. The skeletal muscle structure was observed with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, glycogen and triglyceride contents were measured by spectrophotometry and PPAR α/γ/δ protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Fiber distribution remained normal in skeletal muscles of all the groups, middle-, high-dose berberine partly improved diabetic fibre atrophy, increased glycogen and decreased triglyceride levels in diabetic muscle （P〈 0.01）. Middle-, high-dose berberine and rosiglitazone all significantly reduced PPARy protein level in diabetic skeletal muscle （P 〈 0.01）; middle-, high-dose berberine and fenofibrate strikingly increased both PPARu and PPAR8 expression （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion Berberine modulates PPAR α/γ/δ protein expression in diabetic skeletal muscle which may contribute to ameliorate fibre damage and glucolipid metabolization.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) combined with cerebral infarction.Methods:Patients who were treated in the hospital due to acute cerebral infarction between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected, and according to the combination of OSAHS, the 300 patients with cerebral infarction were divided into the cerebral infarction group A who were combined with OSAHS and the cerebral infarction group B who were not combined with OSAHS;the 100 cases of healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of glucolipid metabolism indexes, cytokines and plaque hydrolysis molecules in serum were determined.Results: Serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A and cerebral infarction group B were significantly higher than those of control group whereas HDL-C levels were significantly lower than that of control group;serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A were significantly higher than those of cerebral infarction group B whereas HDL-C level was significantly lower than that of cerebral infarction group B.Conclusion: There are more significant glucolipid metabolism disorder and worse plaque stability in patients with OSAHS combined with cerebral infarction.
文摘Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a crucial link in the process of bacterial response to environmental stresses, in which bacteria transmit information across the cytoplasmic membrane. Among the seven ECF σ factors of Bacillus subtilis σV, which is sequestered by transmembrane anti-σ factor RsiV under normal growth conditions, responds to lysozyme. When B. subtilis cells are challenged by lysozyme, the lysozyme-bound RsiV undergoes two successive proteolysis steps, by a signal peptidase and RasP protease, and releases σV. An unchallenged B. subtilis ugtP mutant lacking glucolipids exhibited higher σV activity than wild type. However, the activation occurred in the absence of RasP, and no proteolysis of RsiV was observed. It is likely that a conformational change, not proteolysis, of RsiV leads to this activation of σV in the absence of glucolipids. Replacement of the C-terminal region of RsiV with that of RsiW, the cognate σ factor of which, σW, is not activated in the ugtP mutant, indicated that the C-terminal extracytoplasmic region of RsiV was necessary for the response to glucolipid deficiency.
基金supported by the Medical Key Research Projects of Shanxi Province(No.2020XM02)the Local Science and Technology Development Funds Projects Guided by Central Government(No.YDZJSX2021C027)+2 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202103021224370)the Key R&D Project of Shanxi Province[International Scientific and Technological Cooperation,Independent Topics,(No.201903D421061)]Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.2021-08-10).
文摘Our prior investigations have established that Inonotus obliquus(Chaga)possesses hypoglycemic effects.Persistent hyperglycemia is known to precipitate renal function abnormalities.The functionality of the kidneys is intricately linked to the levels of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate(cGMP),which are influenced by the activities of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and phosphodiesterase(PDE).Enhanced cGMP levels can be achieved either through the upregulation of NOS activity or the downregulation of PDE activity.The objective of the current study is to elucidate the effects of Chaga on disorders of glucolipid metabolism and renal abnormalities in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),while concurrently examining the NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway.A model of T2DM was developed in rats using a high-fat diet(HFD)combined with streptozotocin(STZ)administration,followed by treatment with Chaga extracts at doses of 50 and 100 mg·kg^(−1)for eight weeks.The findings revealed that Chaga not only mitigated metabolic dysfunctions,evidenced by improvements in fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and insulin resistance,but also ameliorated renal function markers,including serum creatinine,urine creatinine(UCr),blood urea nitrogen,24-h urinary protein,and estimated creatinine clearance.Additionally,enhancements in glomerular volume,GBM thickness,podocyte foot process width(FPW),and the mRNA and protein expressions of podocyte markers,such as nephrin and wilms tumor-1,were observed.Chaga was found to elevate cGMP levels in both serum and kidney tissues by increasing mRNA and protein expressions of renal endothelial NOS and neural NOS,while simultaneously reducing the expressions of renal inducible NOS and PDE5.In summary,Chaga counteracts HFD/STZ-induced glucolipid metabolism and renal function disturbances by modulating the NOS-cGMP-PDE5 signaling pathway.This research supports the potential application of Chaga in the clinical prevention and treatment of T2DM and diabetic nephropathy(DN),with cGMP serving as a potential therapeutic target.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676113,21772054)the 111 Project B17019,Scholar Support Program of CCNU(0900–31101090002)+4 种基金Excellent Doctorial Dissertation Cultivation Grant of CCNU from the colleges’basic research and operation of MOE(2019YBZZ029)funded by the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Resource Utilization(2018B030322009)supported by Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules(KLSAOFM2012)Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,P.R.China,Opening fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry&Materia Medica(No.BCMM202101)supported by State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics(Shenzhen)
文摘Cell wall is a basic component of bacteria that promotes bacteria to adapt the complicated environment as well as play an essential role in antimicrobial resistance.The structure of bacterial cell wall is remarkably rich,and some complex components,such as peptidoglycan,lipopolysaccharide,and peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan et al.,can only be found in bacteria.Furthermore,the biosynthesis and transfer of these glycolipids are indispensable for bacteria during cell elongation.And the process of biosynthesis and transfer are generally associated with metabolism and sophisticated enzyme mechanisms.However,how the metabolic process takes place,what role enzymes play in this process and how they function have been major concerns for scientists in this field.Numerous significant progresses on fluorescent probes and biological imaging bring opportunity for the studying of metabolism and enzyme mechanisms recently due to its non-invasive and high sensitivity.In this review,we focused on metabolic fluorescent probes for the detection of glycolipids in bacterial cell wall and highlighted the involving mechanisms and biological application.
文摘目的:评价有氧及抗阻运动对糖尿病前期患者的糖脂代谢水平、疾病转归情况以及心血管风险的影响。方法:选取2019年12月~2020年12月广西医科大学第一附属医院糖尿病前期患者84例,均接受糖尿病饮食宣教,用随机法分为有氧运动组及抗阻运动组各42例,两组3次/w中强度运动,50 min/次,进行为期12个月的运动干预。分析患者运动干预前、运动干预6个月后及运动干预12个月后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血糖和血脂水平变化。结果:两组患者运动干预前基线资料、HbA1c、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)生化指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者运动干预6、12个月后各项指标较干预前均有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组运动干预6个月后,抗阻组降低2 h PG水平优于有氧运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HbA1c、空腹血糖、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组运动干预12个月后,抗阻组降低HbA1c、空腹血糖和2 h PG水平优于有氧运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C指标两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:有氧及抗阻运动有效改善糖尿病前期患者血糖水平和脂质代谢,延缓病情发展,降低心血管风险,运动疗法对糖尿病前期人群转归正常具有积极作用。
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1300403)。
文摘Background Cold stress has negative effects on the growth and health of mammals, and has become a factor restricting livestock development at high latitudes and on plateaus. The gut-liver axis is central to energy metabolism, and the mechanisms by which it regulates host energy metabolism at cold temperatures have rarely been illustrated. In this study, we evaluated the status of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in pigs based on the gut-liver axis and propose that AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) is a key target for alleviating energy stress at cold temperatures by dietary fat supplementation.Results Dietary fat supplementation alleviated the negative effects of cold temperatures on growth performance and digestive enzymes, while hormonal homeostasis was also restored. Moreover, cold temperature exposure increased glucose transport in the jejunum. In contrast, we observed abnormalities in lipid metabolism, which was characterized by the accumulation of bile acids in the ileum and plasma. In addition, the results of the ileal metabolomic analysis were consistent with the energy metabolism measurements in the jejunum, and dietary fat supplementation increased the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipid metabolism. As the central nexus of energy metabolism, the state of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the liver are inconsistent with that in the small intestine. Specifically, we found that cold temperature exposure increased glucose transport in the liver, which fully validates the idea that hormones can act on the liver to regulate glucose output. Additionally, dietary fat supplementation inhibited glucose transport and glycolysis, but increased gluconeogenesis, bile acid cycling, and lipid metabolism. Sustained activation of AMPK, which an energy receptor and regulator, leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver;dietary fat supplementation alleviates energy stress by reducing AMPK phosphorylation.Conclusions Cold stress reduced the growth performance and aggravated glycolipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress damage in pigs. Dietary fat supplementation improved growth performance and alleviated cold temperature-induced energy stress through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, we high-light the importance of AMPK in dietary fat supplementation-mediated alleviation of host energy stress in response to environmental changes.
文摘Glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD）, a complex of interrelated disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism, has become one of the leading chronic diseases causing public and clinical problem worldwide. As the metabolism of lipid and glucose is a highly coordinated process under both physiological and diseased conditions, the impairment in the signals corresponding to the metabolism of either lipid or glucose represents the common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GLMD. The liver and adipose tissue are the major metabolic organs responsible for energy utilization and storage, respectively. This review article aims to summarize the current advances in the investigation of the functional roles and the underling mechanisms of the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in the modulation of GLMD development. Fibroblast growth factor 21 （FGF21） and adiponectin represent the two major hormones secreted from the liver and adipose tissues, respectively. FGF21 exerts pleiotropic effects on regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis majorly through inducing the expression and secretion of adiponectin. Therefore, FGF21-adiponectin axis functions as the key mediator for the crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue to exert the beneficial effects on the maintenance of the homeostasis of energy consumption. The liver- and adipose tissue-derived factors with pleiotropic effects on regulating of lipid and glucose metabolism function as the key mediator for the crosstalk between these two highly active metabolic organs, thereby coordinating the initiation and development of GLMD.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173626,81530102,and 30973913)
文摘Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settings. However, increasing of the disease incidence, lacking of comprehensive prevention and control measurements against the key pathology point concomitant occurrence with the pattem of the single disease, single target therapy, that is leading therapeutic strategy for these metabolic disorders in the setting of Western medicine （WM）. On the basis of the combination of the advantages of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and WM, with unified understanding of such diseases, the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD） is introduced. In this new concept, disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are recognized as the key trigger and major driving force for the progress of GLMD. The key points of pathology included dysfunction of neuronal-endocrine-immune system,insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. In the core pathogenic perspective of CM, it can be explained as ＂Gan （Liver） Shi Shu Xie＂ （dysfunction of Gan in metabolism and emotion regulation） that will lead to the occurence/production of endogenous dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and turbid. This leads to the new concept of ＂Liver-based regulatory system for metabolic homeostasis＂ to be introduced further. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy ＂Tiao Gan Qi Shu Hua Zhuo＂ （modulating Gan, trigging key metabolic system to resolve pathogenic factors such as phlegm retention and dampness）. Its representative formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule （复方贞术调脂胶囊） is innovated under such rationales. Comment for some commonly-used CM GLMD therapeutic drugs was presented. High-level evidence-based and epidemiological and mechanism studies should be carded out to further interpret and explain of the scientific connotation of GLMD.
