Background:Potassium cocoyl glycinate,a kind of amino acid surfactant,is widely used as major component for facial cleansing.However,the interaction between surfactants and compounds in the stratum corneum has been su...Background:Potassium cocoyl glycinate,a kind of amino acid surfactant,is widely used as major component for facial cleansing.However,the interaction between surfactants and compounds in the stratum corneum has been suggested as a contributing factor to their potential skin irritancy.Objective:This study aimed to the effects of adding surfactants,polymers,lipids and active substances on diminishing skin irritation caused by potassium cocoyl glycinate.Materials and methods:Zein test and Hemolysis test enabled the identification of irritation to proteins and cells in the studied binary systems.The critical micelle concentration(CMC)was evaluated by the surface tension method.The power of the analyzed polymers to diminish irritation of potassium cocoyl glycinate was represented by the reduction rate.Results:(1)Amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants are effective at reducing the irritation of potassium cocoyl glycinate in some cases by reducing CMC;(2)Addition of polymers to the potassium cocoyl glycinate solutions improves its safety of use.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose could reduce the irritation by 88.63%;(3)Combining most lipids can assist in declining the irritation,Lppg-28-Buteth-35 could inhibit the irritation of red blood cells by 16.52%;(4)The effects of active substances varied,hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate results in a significant reduction in irritation to cells.Conclusion:In facial cleansers based on potassium cocoyl glycinate,supplying co-surfactant,polymers,lipids and active substances can reduce the irritation to some extent,however,the effects are various.展开更多
Cocoyl glycine was synthesized directly from coconut oil and sodium glycinate in yield of 87%. IR, ESI-MS and LC/MS analysis results showed that cocoyl glycine consists of a series of acyl glycines with different acyl...Cocoyl glycine was synthesized directly from coconut oil and sodium glycinate in yield of 87%. IR, ESI-MS and LC/MS analysis results showed that cocoyl glycine consists of a series of acyl glycines with different acyl chain lengths, and the proportion of each component was consistent with the composition of fatty acids derived from coconut oil. The surface tension and the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of corresponding sodium salt were evaluated. The result showed that sodium cocoyl glycinate reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 33 mN·m-1 at CMC of 0.21 mmol·L-1.展开更多
One novel 3D 3d-4f coordination polymer, [LaZn（glc）（ox）2（H20）2]n （1, glc = glycinate, ox = oxalate）, was obtained by the in situ synthesis of glycinate from the reaction of tetrazole-l-acetic acid, sodium oxal...One novel 3D 3d-4f coordination polymer, [LaZn（glc）（ox）2（H20）2]n （1, glc = glycinate, ox = oxalate）, was obtained by the in situ synthesis of glycinate from the reaction of tetrazole-l-acetic acid, sodium oxalate, zinc nitrate and lanthanide oxide in the presence of a trace quantity of nitric acid under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 is of monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 0.99601（9）, b = 1.14592（10）, c = 1.19107（10） nm and β = 108.7150（10）°. 1 exhibits an unusual 3D heterometallic coordination framework constructed by heterometallic dinuclear LaZn subunits and mixed ox and glc linkers with a uninodal 6-connected vine {33.43.58.6} net.展开更多
Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinat...Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinated products. However, the addition of Cu(OTf)2resulted in the radio-fluorination of the boronate esters 11 and 16 to obtain ethyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl glycinate, 17, (48%) and ethyl 3-[18F]phthaloylglycinate (41%) respectively.展开更多
The physicochemical properties,including the density,viscosity,and refractive index of aqueous solutions of sodium glycinate as a solvent for CO_2 absorption in the non-precipitation regime were measured under the wid...The physicochemical properties,including the density,viscosity,and refractive index of aqueous solutions of sodium glycinate as a solvent for CO_2 absorption in the non-precipitation regime were measured under the wide temperature range of 298.15 to 343.15 K.The concentration of the sodium glycinate in an aqueous form in the non-precipitation regime was identified up to 2.0 mol ? L^(-1).The coefficients of thermal expansion values were estimated from measured density data.It was found that,the densities,viscosities and refractive indices of the aqueous sodium glycinate decrease with an increase in temperature,whereas with increasing sodium glycinate concentration in the solution,all three properties increase.Thermal expansion coefficients slightly increase with rising temperature and concentration.The measured values of density,viscosity and refractive index were correlated as a function of temperature by using the least squares method.The predicted data obtained from correlation equations for all measured properties were in fairly good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
A new porous compound, Copper glycinate (Bio-MOF-29), [Cu(C2H4NO2)2 (H2O)] has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by single crystal XRD analysis. Bio-MOF-29 crystallized in orthorhombic crys...A new porous compound, Copper glycinate (Bio-MOF-29), [Cu(C2H4NO2)2 (H2O)] has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by single crystal XRD analysis. Bio-MOF-29 crystallized in orthorhombic crystal system with P212121 space group. In vitro adsorption studies of four different drugs, terazosine hydrochloride, telmisartan, glimpiride and rosuvastatin have been carried out for Bio-MOF-29. Drugs adsorption estimations of drugs loaded Bio-MOF-29 have been carried out through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which reveals that these drugs are successfuly adsorbed in it. Also the slow release of adsorbed drugs after intervals was observed through HPLC. Thermograms and powder XRD patterns of Bio-MOF-29 before and after drugs adsorption were also recorded to elaborate the phenomenon of drugs adsorption in Bio-MOF-29.展开更多
Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improv...Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.展开更多
Ferrous glycinate(Fe-Gly)has been increasingly used as iron fortification in the diets of weaned piglets and broilers,but the effect of Fe-Gly on intestinal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined.Thi...Ferrous glycinate(Fe-Gly)has been increasingly used as iron fortification in the diets of weaned piglets and broilers,but the effect of Fe-Gly on intestinal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined.This study therefore investigated the effect of Fe-Gly on apparent nutrient utilization,hematological indices,intestinal morphological parameters,intestinal barrier function and microbial composition in meat ducks.A total of 672 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6treatments(8 replicates for each treatment and 14 ducks for each replicate)and fed diets with 0(control),30,60,90 and 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly or 120 mg/kg Fe SO4for 35 d.The results showed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly significantly increased average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),hematocrit(HCT),mean cell volume(MCV),the apparent utilization of dry matter(DM)and metabolizable energy(ME),villus height(VH)and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(V:C)(P<0.05).FeGly also significantly up-regulated barrier-related genes including zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),zonula occludens-2(ZO-2),mucin 2(MUC2)and lysozyme(LYZ)(P<0.05),and down-regulated the m RNA expression of claudin-2(CLDN2)and occludin(OCLN)in the jejunum(P<0.05).The 16S r RNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with Fe-Gly had a higher relative abundance of Intestinimonas and Romboutsia(P<0.05),which have an ability to produce short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),especially butyric acid.It also decreased the relative abundance of pathobiont,including Megamonas,Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Plebeius(P<0.05).Additionally,diets supplemented with 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly significantly increased the apparent utilization of DM and ME(P<0.05)and decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas_unclassified and Bacteroides_unclassified compared with those fed120 mg/kg Fe SO4(P<0.05).These results revealed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly exerted a potent beneficial effect on physical,chemical,immune and microbial barriers,thereby improving the integrity of the intestinal structure,promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients to a certain extent,and ultimately elevating the growth performance of ducks.展开更多
Focused beam reflectance measurement(FBRM)and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR)analysis were used to study the precipitation process of CO2-loaded potassium glycinate(KGLY)solutions at different CO2 loadings,dur...Focused beam reflectance measurement(FBRM)and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR)analysis were used to study the precipitation process of CO2-loaded potassium glycinate(KGLY)solutions at different CO2 loadings,during the addition of ethanol as an antisolvent at a rate of 10 mL·min−1.The volume ratio of ethanol added to the KGLY solution(3.0 mol·L−1,340 mL)ranged from 0 to 3.0.Three solid-liquid-liquid phases were formed during the precipitation process.The FBRM results showed that the number of particles formed increased with CO2 loading and ethanol addition for CO2-unsaturated KGLY solutions,whilst for CO2-saturated KGLY solution it first increased then decreased to a stable value with ethanol addition.13C NMR spectroscopic analysis showed that the crystals precipitated from the CO2-unsaturated KGLY solutions consisted of glycine only,and the quantity crystallised increased with CO2 loading and ethanol addition.However,a complex mixture containing glycine,carbamate and potassium bicarbonate was precipitated from CO2-saturated KGLY solution with the maximum precipitation percentages of 94.3%,31.4%and 89.6%,respectively,at the ethanol volume fractions of 1.6,2.5 and 2.3.展开更多
Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intes...Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Morone saxatilis♀×Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%,1%,or 2%glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were collected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-I HSB,supplementation with 1%or 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15%–19%)and hepatic GSH(8%–11%),while reducing(P<0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%–15%,compared with the 0-glycine group;there were no differences(P>0.05)in these variables between the 1%and 2%glycine groups.In Phase-II HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15%–27%)and liver(11%–20%)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1%or 2%glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine dose-dependently increased(P<0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22%–41%)and hepaticγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17%–37%),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1%or 2%glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.展开更多
Background: Glycine dehydrogenase(GLDC) plays an important role in the initiation and proliferation of several human cancers. In this study, we aimed to detect the methylation status of GLDC promoter and its diagnosti...Background: Glycine dehydrogenase(GLDC) plays an important role in the initiation and proliferation of several human cancers. In this study, we aimed to detect the methylation status of GLDC promoter and its diagnostic value for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC). Methods: We enrolled 197 patients, 111 with HBV-HCC, 51 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB), and 35 healthy controls(HCs). The methylation status of GLDC promoter in peripheral mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was identified by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP). The mRNA expression was examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The methylation frequency of the GLDC promoter was significantly lower in HBV-HCC patients(27.0%) compared to that in CHB patients(68.6%) and HCs(74.3%)( P < 0.001). The methylated group had lower alanine aminotransferase level( P = 0.035) and lower rates of tumor node metastasis(TNM) Ⅲ/Ⅳ( P = 0.043) and T3/T4( P = 0.026). TNM stage was identified to be an independent factor for GLDC promoter methylation. GLDC mRNA levels in CHB patients and HCs were significantly lower than those in HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively). GLDC mRNA levels were significantly higher in HBV-HCC patients with unmethylated GLDC promoters than those with methylated GLDC promoters( P = 0.003). The diagnostic accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) combined with GLDC promoter methylation for HBV-HCC was improved compared with that of AFP alone(AUC: 0.782 vs. 0.630, P < 0.001). In addition, GLDC promoter methylation was an independent predictor for overall survival of HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.038). Conclusions: The methylation frequency of GLDC promoter was lower in PBMCs from HBV-HCC patients than that from patients with CHB and HCs. The combination of AFP and GLDC promoter hypomethylation significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of HBV-HCC.展开更多
Rising atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)concentrations and salinization are manifestations of climate change that affect plant growth and productivity.Species with an intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)type of photosynthesis li...Rising atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)concentrations and salinization are manifestations of climate change that affect plant growth and productivity.Species with an intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)type of photosynthesis live in a wide range of precipitation,temperature,and soil quality,but are more often found in warm and dry habitats.One of the intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)photosynthetic type is C_(2)photosynthesis with a carbon concentration mechanism(CCM)that reassimilates CO_(2)released via photorespiration.However,the ecological significance under which C_(2)photosynthesis has advantages over C_(3)and C_(4)plants remains largely unexplored.Salt tolerance and functioning of CCM were studied in plants from two populations(P1 and P2)of Sedobassia sedoides(Pall.)Freitag&G.Kadereit Asch.species with C_(2)photosynthesis exposed to 4 d and 10 d salinity(200 mM NaCl)at ambient(785.7 mg/m^(3),aCO_(2)and elevated(1571.4 mg/m^(3),eCO_(2))CO_(2).On the fourth day of salinity,an increase in Na+content,activity catalase,and superoxide dismutase was observed in both populations.P2 plants showed an increase in proline content and a decrease in photosynthetic enzyme content:rubisco,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),and glycine decarboxylase(GDC),which indicated a weakening of C_(2)and C_(4)characteristics under salinity.Treatment under 10 d salinity led to an increased Na^(+)content and activity of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I(PSI CEF),a decreased content of K^(+)and GDC in both populations.P1 plants showed greater salt tolerance,which was assessed by the degree of reduction in photosynthetic enzyme content,PSI CEF activity,and changes in relative growth rate(RGR).Differences between populations were evident under the combination of eCO_(2)and salinity.Under long-term salinity and eCO_(2),more salt-tolerant P1 plants had a higher dry biomass(DW),which was positively correlated with PSI CEF activity.In less salt-tolerant P2 plants,DW correlated with transpiration and dark respiration.Thus,S.sedoides showed a high degree of photosynthetic plasticity under the influence of salinity and eCO_(2)through strengthening(P1 plants)and weakening C_(4)characteristics(P2 plants).展开更多
Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network g...Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network governing the trait in a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from two soybean parents with contrasting shade tolerance.An improved GWAS procedure,restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study based on gene/allele sequence markers(GASM-RTM-GWAS),identified 140 genes and their alleles associated with shade-tolerance index(STI),146 with relative pith cell length(RCL),and nine with both.Annotation of these genes by biological categories allowed the construction of a protein–protein interaction network by 187 genes,of which half were differentially expressed under shading and non-shading conditions as well as at different growth stages.From the identified genes,three ones jointly identified for both traits by both GWAS and transcriptome and two genes with maximum links were chosen as beginners for entrance into the network.Altogether,both STI and RCL gene systems worked for shade-tolerance with genes interacted each other,this confirmed that shadetolerance is regulated by more than single group of interacted genes,involving multiple biological functions as a gene network.展开更多
Soybean production systems that return plant residues to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more widespread, more crop and weed residues are being introduced into the upper soil prof...Soybean production systems that return plant residues to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more widespread, more crop and weed residues are being introduced into the upper soil profile. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of varying concentrations of Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory plant residues (aboveground portion of the plant) on soybean production. The study was arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications. Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory residues were incorporated into soil at 20,000, 40,000, 80,000 and 160,000 ppm. Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check. Soybean dry weight, leaf area and leaf tissue nutrient content were recorded during the study. A decrease in soybean dry weight and leaf area was observed as Palmer amaranth residue in the soil increased. Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively. In contrast, pitted morningglory and inert plastic residues had no observable effect on soybean growth and development. This study demonstrated Palmer amaranth residues in the soil impacted early season soybean growth and development.展开更多
A new ternary complex [Cu（PBT）（Gly）（H2O）]ClO4 （PBT=2-（2＇-pyridyl）benzothiazole, and Gly=glycinate） has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and IR methods. The compl...A new ternary complex [Cu（PBT）（Gly）（H2O）]ClO4 （PBT=2-（2＇-pyridyl）benzothiazole, and Gly=glycinate） has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and IR methods. The complex, structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, shows a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry in which two nitrogen atoms of PBT and the carboxylate oxygen atom O and the amino nitrogen atom N of Gly bind at the basal plane, a water molecule is coordinated at the apical position. The complex, Cu（ClO4）2 and flee PBT were each tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of two Gram（--） （Escherichia coil, Salmonella） and two Gram（＋） （Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus） microorganisms. The complex showed good antibacterial activities against the microorganisms compared with free PBT and Cu（C104）2. The interaction between the complex and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution was investigated using electronic spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroic spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. Results suggest that the complex could bind to DNA by an intercalative mode. In addition, the result of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the complex can cleave the plasmid DNA by hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen-like species under the condition of physiological pH and room temperature.展开更多
Asymmetric syntheses of (S)-α-amino acids in 28--98% optical yields via double chiral induction in alkylations of ketimine 1 derived from (+)-2-hydroxypinan-3-one and (-)-men- thyl glycinate which is a chiral match p...Asymmetric syntheses of (S)-α-amino acids in 28--98% optical yields via double chiral induction in alkylations of ketimine 1 derived from (+)-2-hydroxypinan-3-one and (-)-men- thyl glycinate which is a chiral match pair have been studied. The factors controlling the diastereoselec- tivities in alkylation reactions of the ketimine, the properties of alkylating agents and various alkylation conditions are examined.展开更多
文摘Background:Potassium cocoyl glycinate,a kind of amino acid surfactant,is widely used as major component for facial cleansing.However,the interaction between surfactants and compounds in the stratum corneum has been suggested as a contributing factor to their potential skin irritancy.Objective:This study aimed to the effects of adding surfactants,polymers,lipids and active substances on diminishing skin irritation caused by potassium cocoyl glycinate.Materials and methods:Zein test and Hemolysis test enabled the identification of irritation to proteins and cells in the studied binary systems.The critical micelle concentration(CMC)was evaluated by the surface tension method.The power of the analyzed polymers to diminish irritation of potassium cocoyl glycinate was represented by the reduction rate.Results:(1)Amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants are effective at reducing the irritation of potassium cocoyl glycinate in some cases by reducing CMC;(2)Addition of polymers to the potassium cocoyl glycinate solutions improves its safety of use.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose could reduce the irritation by 88.63%;(3)Combining most lipids can assist in declining the irritation,Lppg-28-Buteth-35 could inhibit the irritation of red blood cells by 16.52%;(4)The effects of active substances varied,hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate results in a significant reduction in irritation to cells.Conclusion:In facial cleansers based on potassium cocoyl glycinate,supplying co-surfactant,polymers,lipids and active substances can reduce the irritation to some extent,however,the effects are various.
文摘Cocoyl glycine was synthesized directly from coconut oil and sodium glycinate in yield of 87%. IR, ESI-MS and LC/MS analysis results showed that cocoyl glycine consists of a series of acyl glycines with different acyl chain lengths, and the proportion of each component was consistent with the composition of fatty acids derived from coconut oil. The surface tension and the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of corresponding sodium salt were evaluated. The result showed that sodium cocoyl glycinate reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 33 mN·m-1 at CMC of 0.21 mmol·L-1.
基金Supported by Public science and technology research funds projects of ocean (No. 2000905021)the Guangdong Oceanic Fisheries Technology Promotion Project (No. A2009003-018(c))+1 种基金the Guangdong Chinese Academy of Sciences comprehensive strategic cooperation project (No. 2009B091300121)the Guangdong Province key project in the field of social development (No. A2009011-007(c))
文摘One novel 3D 3d-4f coordination polymer, [LaZn（glc）（ox）2（H20）2]n （1, glc = glycinate, ox = oxalate）, was obtained by the in situ synthesis of glycinate from the reaction of tetrazole-l-acetic acid, sodium oxalate, zinc nitrate and lanthanide oxide in the presence of a trace quantity of nitric acid under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 is of monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 0.99601（9）, b = 1.14592（10）, c = 1.19107（10） nm and β = 108.7150（10）°. 1 exhibits an unusual 3D heterometallic coordination framework constructed by heterometallic dinuclear LaZn subunits and mixed ox and glc linkers with a uninodal 6-connected vine {33.43.58.6} net.
文摘Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 mediated radiofluorination of the boronate esters of ethyl benzoyl and phthaloylglycinates (11 and 16) using 10 mol% of the copper complex following the literature procedure did not provide the fluorinated products. However, the addition of Cu(OTf)2resulted in the radio-fluorination of the boronate esters 11 and 16 to obtain ethyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl glycinate, 17, (48%) and ethyl 3-[18F]phthaloylglycinate (41%) respectively.
基金Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS for providing financial support(Grant number YUTP-15-8209-005)RCCO_2C for technical support to complete the present research work
文摘The physicochemical properties,including the density,viscosity,and refractive index of aqueous solutions of sodium glycinate as a solvent for CO_2 absorption in the non-precipitation regime were measured under the wide temperature range of 298.15 to 343.15 K.The concentration of the sodium glycinate in an aqueous form in the non-precipitation regime was identified up to 2.0 mol ? L^(-1).The coefficients of thermal expansion values were estimated from measured density data.It was found that,the densities,viscosities and refractive indices of the aqueous sodium glycinate decrease with an increase in temperature,whereas with increasing sodium glycinate concentration in the solution,all three properties increase.Thermal expansion coefficients slightly increase with rising temperature and concentration.The measured values of density,viscosity and refractive index were correlated as a function of temperature by using the least squares method.The predicted data obtained from correlation equations for all measured properties were in fairly good agreement with the experimental data.
文摘A new porous compound, Copper glycinate (Bio-MOF-29), [Cu(C2H4NO2)2 (H2O)] has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by single crystal XRD analysis. Bio-MOF-29 crystallized in orthorhombic crystal system with P212121 space group. In vitro adsorption studies of four different drugs, terazosine hydrochloride, telmisartan, glimpiride and rosuvastatin have been carried out for Bio-MOF-29. Drugs adsorption estimations of drugs loaded Bio-MOF-29 have been carried out through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which reveals that these drugs are successfuly adsorbed in it. Also the slow release of adsorbed drugs after intervals was observed through HPLC. Thermograms and powder XRD patterns of Bio-MOF-29 before and after drugs adsorption were also recorded to elaborate the phenomenon of drugs adsorption in Bio-MOF-29.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101795,32301782)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100201-01)+2 种基金Liaoning Provincial Major Special Project of Agricultural Science and Technology(2022JH1/10200002,2021JH1/10400038)Key Research and Development Plan of Liaoning Science and Technology Department(2021JH2/1020027)Shenyang Seed Industry Innovation Project(22-318-2-12).
文摘Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.
基金supported by Sichuan Longda Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.(No.009H2200)。
文摘Ferrous glycinate(Fe-Gly)has been increasingly used as iron fortification in the diets of weaned piglets and broilers,but the effect of Fe-Gly on intestinal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined.This study therefore investigated the effect of Fe-Gly on apparent nutrient utilization,hematological indices,intestinal morphological parameters,intestinal barrier function and microbial composition in meat ducks.A total of 672 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6treatments(8 replicates for each treatment and 14 ducks for each replicate)and fed diets with 0(control),30,60,90 and 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly or 120 mg/kg Fe SO4for 35 d.The results showed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly significantly increased average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),hematocrit(HCT),mean cell volume(MCV),the apparent utilization of dry matter(DM)and metabolizable energy(ME),villus height(VH)and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(V:C)(P<0.05).FeGly also significantly up-regulated barrier-related genes including zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),zonula occludens-2(ZO-2),mucin 2(MUC2)and lysozyme(LYZ)(P<0.05),and down-regulated the m RNA expression of claudin-2(CLDN2)and occludin(OCLN)in the jejunum(P<0.05).The 16S r RNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with Fe-Gly had a higher relative abundance of Intestinimonas and Romboutsia(P<0.05),which have an ability to produce short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),especially butyric acid.It also decreased the relative abundance of pathobiont,including Megamonas,Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Plebeius(P<0.05).Additionally,diets supplemented with 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly significantly increased the apparent utilization of DM and ME(P<0.05)and decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas_unclassified and Bacteroides_unclassified compared with those fed120 mg/kg Fe SO4(P<0.05).These results revealed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly exerted a potent beneficial effect on physical,chemical,immune and microbial barriers,thereby improving the integrity of the intestinal structure,promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients to a certain extent,and ultimately elevating the growth performance of ducks.
基金The authors acknowledge the infrastructure support from the Particulate Fluids Processing Centre(PFPC),the Peter Cook Centre(FCC)for Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS).
文摘Focused beam reflectance measurement(FBRM)and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR)analysis were used to study the precipitation process of CO2-loaded potassium glycinate(KGLY)solutions at different CO2 loadings,during the addition of ethanol as an antisolvent at a rate of 10 mL·min−1.The volume ratio of ethanol added to the KGLY solution(3.0 mol·L−1,340 mL)ranged from 0 to 3.0.Three solid-liquid-liquid phases were formed during the precipitation process.The FBRM results showed that the number of particles formed increased with CO2 loading and ethanol addition for CO2-unsaturated KGLY solutions,whilst for CO2-saturated KGLY solution it first increased then decreased to a stable value with ethanol addition.13C NMR spectroscopic analysis showed that the crystals precipitated from the CO2-unsaturated KGLY solutions consisted of glycine only,and the quantity crystallised increased with CO2 loading and ethanol addition.However,a complex mixture containing glycine,carbamate and potassium bicarbonate was precipitated from CO2-saturated KGLY solution with the maximum precipitation percentages of 94.3%,31.4%and 89.6%,respectively,at the ethanol volume fractions of 1.6,2.5 and 2.3.
基金supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants(2022-67015-36200)from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture。
文摘Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Morone saxatilis♀×Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%,1%,or 2%glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were collected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-I HSB,supplementation with 1%or 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15%–19%)and hepatic GSH(8%–11%),while reducing(P<0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%–15%,compared with the 0-glycine group;there were no differences(P>0.05)in these variables between the 1%and 2%glycine groups.In Phase-II HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15%–27%)and liver(11%–20%)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1%or 2%glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine dose-dependently increased(P<0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22%–41%)and hepaticγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17%–37%),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1%or 2%glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Key Project of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2017ZX102022022)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301801).
文摘Background: Glycine dehydrogenase(GLDC) plays an important role in the initiation and proliferation of several human cancers. In this study, we aimed to detect the methylation status of GLDC promoter and its diagnostic value for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC). Methods: We enrolled 197 patients, 111 with HBV-HCC, 51 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB), and 35 healthy controls(HCs). The methylation status of GLDC promoter in peripheral mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was identified by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP). The mRNA expression was examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The methylation frequency of the GLDC promoter was significantly lower in HBV-HCC patients(27.0%) compared to that in CHB patients(68.6%) and HCs(74.3%)( P < 0.001). The methylated group had lower alanine aminotransferase level( P = 0.035) and lower rates of tumor node metastasis(TNM) Ⅲ/Ⅳ( P = 0.043) and T3/T4( P = 0.026). TNM stage was identified to be an independent factor for GLDC promoter methylation. GLDC mRNA levels in CHB patients and HCs were significantly lower than those in HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively). GLDC mRNA levels were significantly higher in HBV-HCC patients with unmethylated GLDC promoters than those with methylated GLDC promoters( P = 0.003). The diagnostic accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) combined with GLDC promoter methylation for HBV-HCC was improved compared with that of AFP alone(AUC: 0.782 vs. 0.630, P < 0.001). In addition, GLDC promoter methylation was an independent predictor for overall survival of HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.038). Conclusions: The methylation frequency of GLDC promoter was lower in PBMCs from HBV-HCC patients than that from patients with CHB and HCs. The combination of AFP and GLDC promoter hypomethylation significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of HBV-HCC.
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS)in collaboration with the Japan Science and Technology Agency(JPMJSA2001)the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(122042700044-6).
文摘Rising atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)concentrations and salinization are manifestations of climate change that affect plant growth and productivity.Species with an intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)type of photosynthesis live in a wide range of precipitation,temperature,and soil quality,but are more often found in warm and dry habitats.One of the intermediate C_(3)-C_(4)photosynthetic type is C_(2)photosynthesis with a carbon concentration mechanism(CCM)that reassimilates CO_(2)released via photorespiration.However,the ecological significance under which C_(2)photosynthesis has advantages over C_(3)and C_(4)plants remains largely unexplored.Salt tolerance and functioning of CCM were studied in plants from two populations(P1 and P2)of Sedobassia sedoides(Pall.)Freitag&G.Kadereit Asch.species with C_(2)photosynthesis exposed to 4 d and 10 d salinity(200 mM NaCl)at ambient(785.7 mg/m^(3),aCO_(2)and elevated(1571.4 mg/m^(3),eCO_(2))CO_(2).On the fourth day of salinity,an increase in Na+content,activity catalase,and superoxide dismutase was observed in both populations.P2 plants showed an increase in proline content and a decrease in photosynthetic enzyme content:rubisco,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),and glycine decarboxylase(GDC),which indicated a weakening of C_(2)and C_(4)characteristics under salinity.Treatment under 10 d salinity led to an increased Na^(+)content and activity of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I(PSI CEF),a decreased content of K^(+)and GDC in both populations.P1 plants showed greater salt tolerance,which was assessed by the degree of reduction in photosynthetic enzyme content,PSI CEF activity,and changes in relative growth rate(RGR).Differences between populations were evident under the combination of eCO_(2)and salinity.Under long-term salinity and eCO_(2),more salt-tolerant P1 plants had a higher dry biomass(DW),which was positively correlated with PSI CEF activity.In less salt-tolerant P2 plants,DW correlated with transpiration and dark respiration.Thus,S.sedoides showed a high degree of photosynthetic plasticity under the influence of salinity and eCO_(2)through strengthening(P1 plants)and weakening C_(4)characteristics(P2 plants).
基金This work was financially supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1001204,2021YFD1201602)the MOE 111 Project(B08025)+2 种基金the MOA CARS-04 program,the Program of Jiangsu province(JBGS-2021-014)the Guangxi Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan(14125008-2-16)the Guidance Foundation of Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSY-ZZ02,NAUSY-MS05).
文摘Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network governing the trait in a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from two soybean parents with contrasting shade tolerance.An improved GWAS procedure,restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study based on gene/allele sequence markers(GASM-RTM-GWAS),identified 140 genes and their alleles associated with shade-tolerance index(STI),146 with relative pith cell length(RCL),and nine with both.Annotation of these genes by biological categories allowed the construction of a protein–protein interaction network by 187 genes,of which half were differentially expressed under shading and non-shading conditions as well as at different growth stages.From the identified genes,three ones jointly identified for both traits by both GWAS and transcriptome and two genes with maximum links were chosen as beginners for entrance into the network.Altogether,both STI and RCL gene systems worked for shade-tolerance with genes interacted each other,this confirmed that shadetolerance is regulated by more than single group of interacted genes,involving multiple biological functions as a gene network.
文摘Soybean production systems that return plant residues to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more widespread, more crop and weed residues are being introduced into the upper soil profile. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of varying concentrations of Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory plant residues (aboveground portion of the plant) on soybean production. The study was arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications. Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory residues were incorporated into soil at 20,000, 40,000, 80,000 and 160,000 ppm. Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check. Soybean dry weight, leaf area and leaf tissue nutrient content were recorded during the study. A decrease in soybean dry weight and leaf area was observed as Palmer amaranth residue in the soil increased. Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively. In contrast, pitted morningglory and inert plastic residues had no observable effect on soybean growth and development. This study demonstrated Palmer amaranth residues in the soil impacted early season soybean growth and development.
基金We are thankful for the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （No. 10151064201000016） and the 211 Project Program Foundation of South China Agricultural University （No. 2009B010100001）.
文摘A new ternary complex [Cu（PBT）（Gly）（H2O）]ClO4 （PBT=2-（2＇-pyridyl）benzothiazole, and Gly=glycinate） has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and IR methods. The complex, structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, shows a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry in which two nitrogen atoms of PBT and the carboxylate oxygen atom O and the amino nitrogen atom N of Gly bind at the basal plane, a water molecule is coordinated at the apical position. The complex, Cu（ClO4）2 and flee PBT were each tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of two Gram（--） （Escherichia coil, Salmonella） and two Gram（＋） （Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus） microorganisms. The complex showed good antibacterial activities against the microorganisms compared with free PBT and Cu（C104）2. The interaction between the complex and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution was investigated using electronic spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroic spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. Results suggest that the complex could bind to DNA by an intercalative mode. In addition, the result of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the complex can cleave the plasmid DNA by hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen-like species under the condition of physiological pH and room temperature.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Asymmetric syntheses of (S)-α-amino acids in 28--98% optical yields via double chiral induction in alkylations of ketimine 1 derived from (+)-2-hydroxypinan-3-one and (-)-men- thyl glycinate which is a chiral match pair have been studied. The factors controlling the diastereoselec- tivities in alkylation reactions of the ketimine, the properties of alkylating agents and various alkylation conditions are examined.
