Stem cells(SCs)are the key to tissue genesis and regeneration.Given their central role in homeostasis,dysfunctions of the SC compartment play a pivotal role in the development of cancers,degenerative disorders,chronic...Stem cells(SCs)are the key to tissue genesis and regeneration.Given their central role in homeostasis,dysfunctions of the SC compartment play a pivotal role in the development of cancers,degenerative disorders,chronic inflammatory pathologies and organ failure.The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to harsh mechanical and chemical conditions and most of the epithelial cells are replaced every 3 to 5 d.According to the so-called Unitarian hypothesis,this renewal is driven by a common intestinal stem cell(ISC)residing within the crypt base at the origin of the crypt-to-villus hierarchical migratory pattern.Celiac disease(CD)can be defined as a chronic immune-mediated disease that is triggered and maintained by dietary proteins(gluten)in genetically predisposed individuals.Many advances have been achieved over the last years in understanding of the pathogenic interactions among genetic,immunological and environmental factors in CD,with a particular emphasis on intestinal barrier and gut microbiota.Conversely,little is known about ISC modulation and deregulation in active celiac disease and upon a gluten-free diet.Nonetheless,bone marrow-derived SC transplantation has become an option for celiac patients with complicated or refractory disease.This manuscript summarizes the"state of the art"regarding CD and ISCs,their niche and potential role in the development and treatment of the disease.展开更多
For preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is usually caused by abnormal lung development due to various factors during prenatal and postnatal process. One of the reasons for death and bad prognosis of pret...For preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is usually caused by abnormal lung development due to various factors during prenatal and postnatal process. One of the reasons for death and bad prognosis of preterm infants is to have BPD. Up to now, there are no unified strategies or drugs to treat BPD. In clinical, many intervention treatments have been applied to achieve BPD therapy, mainly including preterm protection, protective ventilation strategies, and delivery of corticosteroids, pulmonary vasodilators, and antioxidants. This review summarizes the current advances in BPD protection and treatment, and notes that gut microbiota and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be the promising strategy for protecting and treating BPD in the future.展开更多
果蝇肠道上皮细胞是机体抵抗微生物入侵的第一道防线。双重氧化酶(dual oxidase,DUOX)产生的活性氧(reactiveoxygen species,ROS)与核转录因子NF-κB(nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)信号通路产生的...果蝇肠道上皮细胞是机体抵抗微生物入侵的第一道防线。双重氧化酶(dual oxidase,DUOX)产生的活性氧(reactiveoxygen species,ROS)与核转录因子NF-κB(nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)信号通路产生的抗菌肽(antibacterial peptide,AMP)为肠道提供了广谱抗菌作用。同时,肠道上皮细胞采用多种精确复杂的负调控机制来调节DUOX-ROS与NF-κB-AMP免疫系统,实现对共生菌群的免疫耐受。此外,肠道干细胞能通过增殖与分化来修复由感染引起的肠道损伤。本文对NF-κB信号通路、ROS的免疫调节机制及肠道干细胞分化机制进行了综述。展开更多
文摘Stem cells(SCs)are the key to tissue genesis and regeneration.Given their central role in homeostasis,dysfunctions of the SC compartment play a pivotal role in the development of cancers,degenerative disorders,chronic inflammatory pathologies and organ failure.The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to harsh mechanical and chemical conditions and most of the epithelial cells are replaced every 3 to 5 d.According to the so-called Unitarian hypothesis,this renewal is driven by a common intestinal stem cell(ISC)residing within the crypt base at the origin of the crypt-to-villus hierarchical migratory pattern.Celiac disease(CD)can be defined as a chronic immune-mediated disease that is triggered and maintained by dietary proteins(gluten)in genetically predisposed individuals.Many advances have been achieved over the last years in understanding of the pathogenic interactions among genetic,immunological and environmental factors in CD,with a particular emphasis on intestinal barrier and gut microbiota.Conversely,little is known about ISC modulation and deregulation in active celiac disease and upon a gluten-free diet.Nonetheless,bone marrow-derived SC transplantation has become an option for celiac patients with complicated or refractory disease.This manuscript summarizes the"state of the art"regarding CD and ISCs,their niche and potential role in the development and treatment of the disease.
文摘For preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is usually caused by abnormal lung development due to various factors during prenatal and postnatal process. One of the reasons for death and bad prognosis of preterm infants is to have BPD. Up to now, there are no unified strategies or drugs to treat BPD. In clinical, many intervention treatments have been applied to achieve BPD therapy, mainly including preterm protection, protective ventilation strategies, and delivery of corticosteroids, pulmonary vasodilators, and antioxidants. This review summarizes the current advances in BPD protection and treatment, and notes that gut microbiota and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be the promising strategy for protecting and treating BPD in the future.
文摘果蝇肠道上皮细胞是机体抵抗微生物入侵的第一道防线。双重氧化酶(dual oxidase,DUOX)产生的活性氧(reactiveoxygen species,ROS)与核转录因子NF-κB(nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)信号通路产生的抗菌肽(antibacterial peptide,AMP)为肠道提供了广谱抗菌作用。同时,肠道上皮细胞采用多种精确复杂的负调控机制来调节DUOX-ROS与NF-κB-AMP免疫系统,实现对共生菌群的免疫耐受。此外,肠道干细胞能通过增殖与分化来修复由感染引起的肠道损伤。本文对NF-κB信号通路、ROS的免疫调节机制及肠道干细胞分化机制进行了综述。
