Struvite(MAP)crystallization technology is widely used to treat ammonia nitrogen in waste effluents of its simple operation and good removal efficiency.However,the presence of heavy metal ions in the waste effluents c...Struvite(MAP)crystallization technology is widely used to treat ammonia nitrogen in waste effluents of its simple operation and good removal efficiency.However,the presence of heavy metal ions in the waste effluents causes problems such as slow crystallization rate and small crystal size,limiting the recovery rate and economic value of the MAP.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrations of three heavy metal ions(Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+))on the crystal morphology,crystal size,average growth rate,and crystallization kinetics of MAP.A relationship was established between the kinetic rate constant Ktcalculated by the chemical gradient model and the concentrations of heavy metal ions.The results showed that low concentrations of heavy metal ions in the solution created pits on the MAP surface,and high level of heavy metal ions generated flocs on the MAP surface,which were composed of metal hydroxides,thus inhibiting crystal growth.The crystal size,average growth rate,MAP crystallization rate,and kinetic rate constant Ktdecreased with the increase in heavy metal ion concentration.Moreover,the Ktdemonstrated a linear relationship with the heavy metal concentration ln(C/C~*),which provided a reference for the optimization of the MAP crystallization process in the presence of heavy metal ions.展开更多
In recent years,the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection.The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to st...In recent years,the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection.The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to stimulate the migration of photocarriers to the surface of photocatalysts and occur reduction-oxidation reaction with pollutants in agricultural wastewater.Photocatalytic technology has the characteristics of high efficiency,sustainability,low-energy and free secondary pollution.It is an environmental and economical method to recover water quality that only needs sunlight.In this paper,the mechanism and research progress of photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics from agricultural water pollution were reviewed by combining photocatalytic degradation process with agricultural treatment technology.The mechanism of influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation efficiency was discussed in detail and corresponding strategies were proposed,which has certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic degradation.展开更多
Sorption characteristics of multiple adsorption of six heavy metal ions often found in refinery waste waters using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was investigated. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was c...Sorption characteristics of multiple adsorption of six heavy metal ions often found in refinery waste waters using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was investigated. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was carbonized between 350℃ - 500℃, and activated at 800℃ using nitric acid. Simultaneous batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>) in same aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was carried out. The adsorption process had a better fit for the Freundlich, Temkin isotherm and Dubinin-Radushke-vich (DRK) isotherm models but could not fit well into Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption isotherms showed that there is competition among various metals for adsorption sites on Nigerian bamboo. The DRK model was used to determine the nature of the sorption process and was found to be physical and chemical, with sorption energy of metal ions ranging from (7 - 10 kJ/mol). The adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions was chemisorptions and that of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions was cooperative adsorption. Therefore, this study revealed that Nigerian bamboo can serve as a good source of activated carbon with multiple and simultaneous metalions—removing potentials and may serve as a better replacement for commercial activated carbons in applications that warrant their use.展开更多
To maximize the potential of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)sheet in the disposal of heavy metal ions in wastewater,we compared the adsorption of several common heavy metal ions(including Cr^(3+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),...To maximize the potential of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)sheet in the disposal of heavy metal ions in wastewater,we compared the adsorption of several common heavy metal ions(including Cr^(3+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Cd^(2+),Hg^(2+),and Pb^(2+))in wastewater on the monolayer MoS2 sheet through first-principles calculation.Our simulation results show that the monolayer MoS2 sheet is a potential heavy metal adsorption material because of the attractive interaction between them.The most negative adsorption energy determines that the TMo site is the most stable adsorption site for the heavy metal ions.The attractive interaction is considered as chemical adsorption,and it is closely related to charge transfer.The orbital hybridization between S p and heavy metal ions p and d states electrons contributes to the adsorption,except the orbital hybridization between S p and Pb p states electrons contributes to the Pb^(2+) adsorption.All the results show that the monolayer MoS2 sheet is most suitable for removing Ni^(2+) and Cr^(3+) ions from wastewater,followed by Cu^(2+) and Pb^(2+).For the ions Cd^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Hg^(2+),its adsorption strength remains to be improved.展开更多
This paper describes the preparation of a membrane of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)and its corresponding membrane coated with polyaniline(PANI)for the adsorption of heavy metal ions.Scanning electron microscopy micrographs r...This paper describes the preparation of a membrane of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)and its corresponding membrane coated with polyaniline(PANI)for the adsorption of heavy metal ions.Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that all the membranes exhibited nanofibrous morphology.The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The prepared membranes were used as an adsorbent for hazardous heavy metal ions Pb^(2+) and Cr_(2)O^(2-)_(7).The adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency of the membranes were examined as function of the initial adsorbate concentration and pH of the medium.Coated membranes with PANI showed better adsorption performance and their direct current(DC)conductivities were correlated to heavy metal ion concentrations.Adsorption isotherms were also performed,and the adsorption process was tested according to the Langmuir and Freundlich models.The regeneration and reuse of the prepared membranes to re-adsorb heavy metal ions were also investigated.The enhancement in adsorption performance and reusability of PANI-coated membranes in comparison with non-coated ones is fully discussed.The results show that the maximum adsorption capacities of lead and chromate ions on the PANI-coated membranes are 290.12 and 1202.53 mg/g,respectively.展开更多
Wool keratin(WK)and silk sericin(SS)have the ability to interact with metal ions.In order to take advantage of this potential,a novel environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane(WPU)/WK/SS membrane named as WPU&a...Wool keratin(WK)and silk sericin(SS)have the ability to interact with metal ions.In order to take advantage of this potential,a novel environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane(WPU)/WK/SS membrane named as WPU&WK&SS membrane with crosslinked structure was constructed by freeze-drying via self-assembly style.Surface morphology and chemical structure characterization were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).In addition,the adsorption experiments of Cu2+and Cr6+were performed to evaluate the adsorption of WPU&WK&SS membrane,including adsorption kinetics,adsorption isotherm models and various factors affecting adsorption.Further investigation indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+and Cr6+can reach 54.21 mg·g-1and 85.21 mg·g-1,respectively,which are higher than most of the reported adsorbents.Through adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analysis,it is find that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model are more suitable for the static adsorption of Cu2+and Cr6+by WPU&WK&SS membrane.展开更多
Single-crystal Fe_3 O_4 with monodisperse microspheres structure has been used for individual electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. Morphology and structure of the as-prepared Fe_3 O_4 microspheres were chara...Single-crystal Fe_3 O_4 with monodisperse microspheres structure has been used for individual electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. Morphology and structure of the as-prepared Fe_3 O_4 microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Meanwhile the electrochemical properties of the Fe_3 O_4 microspheres modified glass carbon electrodes(GCE) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and the enhanced electrochemical response in stripping voltammetry for individual detection of Pb(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Cd(Ⅱ) was evaluated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry(SWASV). With high specific surface area and excellent catalytic activity toward heavy metal ions, the as-prepared monodisperse and single-crystal Fe_3 O_4 microspheres show a preferable sensing sensitivity(22.2 μA/μM) and limit of detection(0.0699 μM) toward Pb(Ⅱ). Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor of Fe_3 O_4 microspheres exhibits excellent stability and it also offers potential practical applicability for the determination of heavy metal ions in real water samples. This study provides a potential simple and low cost iron oxide for the construction of sensitive electrochemical sensors applied to monitor and control the pollution of toxic metal ions.展开更多
This paper focuses on the flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions (Fe3+, Cd2+) or phosphorus by zeolite, microbial flocculants (MBF) produced by Aspergillus niger and the composite flocculan...This paper focuses on the flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions (Fe3+, Cd2+) or phosphorus by zeolite, microbial flocculants (MBF) produced by Aspergillus niger and the composite flocculant composed of zeolite and MBF. The main results are presented as follows: zeolite was a good flocculant when the contamination of the three simulated wastewaters was low, but the treated water is of turbidness and the particles in it are hard to precipitate. The MBF have a good flocculability toward Fe3+ wastewater, as well as particulate matter. Significant changes in flocculability occurred after adding the composite flocculant in different simulated wastewa-ters, the best or least effect respective for Fe3+ and Cd2+ wastewater. The research we have done shows that the method by which the composite flocculant is used to treat the wastewater containing heavy metal ions or phosphorus provides important reference value for practical application.展开更多
BOD measurements in presence of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver and cadmium are reported using wastewater from dairy industry as a seed. Extent of inhibition in BOD is studied for variables like, concen-tration o...BOD measurements in presence of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver and cadmium are reported using wastewater from dairy industry as a seed. Extent of inhibition in BOD is studied for variables like, concen-tration of metal ions (0.2 mM to 1.4 mM), pH (3 to 8) and temperature of incubation (15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃). Results of BOD inhibition are supported by absorbance measurement (OD600) studies of microbial matter preserved in Luriya broth medium. OD measurement results are used to derive minimum inhibitory concentration, i.e., threshold concentration of each metal showing toxicity towards microbes. Sil-ver is found to be the most toxic element.展开更多
The adsorption properties of chitin adsorbent from mycelium of fermentation industries for the removal of heavy metal ions were studied. The result shows that the chitin adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for many...The adsorption properties of chitin adsorbent from mycelium of fermentation industries for the removal of heavy metal ions were studied. The result shows that the chitin adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for many heavy metal ions and Ni2+ in citric acid. The influence of pH was significant:When pH is higher than 4.0, the high adsorption capacity is obtained,otherwise H+ ion inhibits the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The comparison of the chitin adsorbent with some other commercial adsorbents was made, in which that the adsorption behaviorchitin adsorbent is close to that of commercial cation exchange adsorbents, and its cost is much lower than those commercial adsorbents.展开更多
Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME)and electromembrane extraction(EME)are miniaturized extraction techniques,and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals,...Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME)and electromembrane extraction(EME)are miniaturized extraction techniques,and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals,drugs and other organic compounds,in recent years.HF-LPME and EME provide high selectivity,efficient sample cleanup and enrichment,and reduce the consumption of organic sol-vents to a few micro-liters per sample.HF-LPME and EME are compatible with different analytical in-struments for chromatography,electrophoresis,atomic spectroscopy,mass spectrometry,and electrochemical detection.HF-LPME and EME have gained significant popularity during the recent years.This review focuses on hollow fiber based techniques(especially HF-LPME and EME)of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals(published 2017 to May 2019),and their combinations with atomic spectroscopy,UV-VIS spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,capillary elec-trophoresis,and voltammetry.展开更多
The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) tri...The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane(MPTES) and(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES). Some further modifications were studied by chloroaceetyl choride and 1,8-Diaminoaphalene for amino modified silica. The surface functionalized silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FI-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The prepared adsorbent of surface functionalized silica nanoparticles with differential function groups were investigated in the selective adsorption about Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ions in aqueous solutions. The results show that the(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-MPTES) play an important role in the selective adsorption of Cu2+ and Hg2+, the(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES) functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-APTES) exhibited maximum removal efficiency towards Pb2+ and Hg2+, the 1,8-Diaminoaphalene functionalized silica nanoparticles was excellent for removal of Hg2+ at room temperature, respectively.展开更多
This study investigated the removal of heavy metal ions from cigarette mainstream smoke using chitosan.Chitosan of various deacetylation degrees and molecular weights were manually added to cigarette filters in differ...This study investigated the removal of heavy metal ions from cigarette mainstream smoke using chitosan.Chitosan of various deacetylation degrees and molecular weights were manually added to cigarette filters in different dosages.The mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected by a Cambridge filter pad,digested by a microwave digestor,and then analyzed for contents of heavy metal ions,including As(III/V),Pb(II),Cd(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II),by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS).The results showed that chitosan had a removal effect on Pb(II),Cd(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II).Of these,the percent removal of Ni(II) was elevated with an increasing dosage of chitosan.Chitosan of a high deace tylation degree exhibited good binding performance toward Cd(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II),though with poor efficiency for Pb(II).Except As(III/V),all the tested metal ions showed similar tendencies in the growing contents with an increasing chitosan molecular weight.Nonetheless,the percent removal of Cr(III/VI) peaked with a chitosan molecular weight of 200 kDa,followed by a dramatic decrease with an increasing chitosan molecular weight.Generally,chitosan had different removal effects on four out of five tested metal ions,and the percent removal of Cd(II),Pb(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II) was approximately 55%,45%,50%,and 16%,respectively.In a word,chitosan used in cigarette filter can remove toxic heavy metal ions in the mainstream smoke,improve cigarette safety,and reduce the harm to smokers.展开更多
Interactions of three heavy metal ions, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, and, for comparison, Na+ with electrodialytic clay fractions (less than 2μm in diameter) of four paddy soils as well as a yellow-brown soil as a control s...Interactions of three heavy metal ions, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, and, for comparison, Na+ with electrodialytic clay fractions (less than 2μm in diameter) of four paddy soils as well as a yellow-brown soil as a control soil were evaluated based on measurements of the Wien effect in dilute suspensions with a clay concentration of 10 g kg-1 in four nitrate solutions of 2×10-4/z mol L-1, where z is the cation valence, and a nitric acid solution of 3×10-5 mol L-1.Field strengths ranging from 15 to 230 kV cm-1 were applied for measuring the electrical conductivities (ECs) of the suspensions. The mean free binding energies between the various cations and all of the soils determined from exchange equilibrium increased in the order: Na+ < Cd2+ < Cu2+ < Pb2+. In general, the ECs of the suspensions in the sodium nitrate solution were smaller than those of the suspensions in the heavy metal solutions because of the lower electrophoretic mobility of sodium compared to the divalent cations. In terms of relative electrical conductivity-field strength relationships, relative electrical conductivity (REC) of suspensions containing various cations at field strengths larger than about 50 kV cm-1 were in the descending order: Na+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ for all tested soils. A characteristic parameter of the REC-field strength curves,△REG200, REG at a field strength of 200 kV cm-1 minus that at the local minimum of the concave segment of the REC-field strength curves, characterized the strength of adsorption of the cations stripped off by the applied strong electrical field, and for all soils the values of△REC200 were generally in the order: Na+ < Cu2+≤Cd2+≤Pb2+.展开更多
Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups.They have showed significant potentials of remo...Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups.They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions,dyes and proteins from various media.Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures.The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan,highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents,and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions,dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.展开更多
Gibbs free binding energy and adsorption energy between cations and charged soil particles were used to evaluate the interactions between ions and soil particles.The distribution of Gibbs free adsorption energies coul...Gibbs free binding energy and adsorption energy between cations and charged soil particles were used to evaluate the interactions between ions and soil particles.The distribution of Gibbs free adsorption energies could not be determined experimentally before the development of Wien effect measurements in dilute soil suspensions.In the current study,energy relationships between heavy metal ions and particles of Hapli-Udic Argosol(Alfisol)and Ferri-Udic Argosol were inferred from Wien effect measurements in dilute suspensions of homoionic soil particles(<2μm)of the two soils,which were saturated with ions of five heavy metals,in deionized water.The mean Gibbs free binding energies of the heavy metal ions with Hapli-Udic Argosol and Ferri-Udic Argosol particles diminished in the order of Pb^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Cu^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>Cr^(3+),where the range of binding energies for Hapli-Udic Argosol(7.25-9.32 kJ mol^(-1))was similar to that for Ferri-Udic Argosol(7.43-9.35 kJ mol^(-1)).The electrical field-dependent mean Gibbs free adsorption energies of these heavy metal ions for Hapli-Udic Argosol and for Ferri-Udic Argosol descended in the order:Cu^(2+)≥Cd^(2+)≥Pb^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>Cr^(3+), and Cd^(2+)>Cu^(2+)>Pb^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>Cr^(3+),respectively.The mean Gibbs free adsorption energies of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Cd^(2+), Pb^(2+),and Cr^(3+)at a field strength of 200 kV cm^(-1),for example,were in the range of 0.8-3.2 kJ mol^(-1)for the two soils.展开更多
Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper（Ⅱ）, zinc（Ⅱ）, and chromimum（Ⅱ）, from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10\...Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper（Ⅱ）, zinc（Ⅱ）, and chromimum（Ⅱ）, from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10\100 mg/L was studied by using both entrapped activated sludge and inactivated free biomass at pH≤5. A biphasic metal adsorption pattern was observed in all immobilized biomass experiments. The biosorption of metal ions by the biosorbents increased with the initial concentration increased in the medium. The adsorption rate of immobilized pre-treated activated sludge（PAS） was much lower than that of free PAS due to the increase in mass transfer resistance resulting from the polymeric matrix. Biosorption equilibrium of beads was established in about 20 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. No significant effect of temperature was observed in the test for free biomass while immobilized PAS appeared to be strong temperature dependent in the test range of 10 and 40℃. Besides, the content of activated sludge in the calcium alginate bead has an influence on the uptake of heavy metals. The sorption equilibrium was well modeled by Langmuir isotherm, implying monomolecular adsorption mechanism. Carboxyl group in cell wall played an important role in surface adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAS.展开更多
Adsorption of divalent metal ions, including Cu\+\{2+\}, Pb\+\{2+\}, Zn\+\{2+\}, Cd\+\{2+\} and Ni\+\{2+\}, on quartz surface was measured as a function of metal ion concentration at 30℃ under conditions of solution ...Adsorption of divalent metal ions, including Cu\+\{2+\}, Pb\+\{2+\}, Zn\+\{2+\}, Cd\+\{2+\} and Ni\+\{2+\}, on quartz surface was measured as a function of metal ion concentration at 30℃ under conditions of solution pH=6.5 and ion strength I=0.1mol/L. Results of the experimental measurements can be described very well by adsorption isotherm equations of Freudlich. The correlation coefficients (r) of adsorption isotherm lines are >0.96. Moreover, the experimental data were interpreted on the basis of surface complexation model. The experimental results showed that the monodentate coordinated metal ion surface complex species (SOM\++) are predominant over the bidentate coordinated metal ion surface complex species \ formed only by the ions Cu\+\{2+\}, Zn\+\{2+\} and Ni\+\{2+\}. And the relevant apparent surface complexation constants are lgK\-M=2.2-3.3 in order of K\-\{Cd\}≥K\-\{Pb\}>K\-\{Zn\}>K\-\{Ni\}≥K\-\{Cu\}, and lgβ\-M=5.9-6.8 in order of β\-\{Ni\}>β\-\{Zn\}>β\-\{Cu\}. Therefore, the reactive ability of the ions onto mineral surface of quartz follows the order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu under the above mentioned solution conditions. The apparent surface complexation constants, influenced by the surface potential, surface species and hydrolysis of metal ions, depend mainly on the Born solvation coefficient of the metal ions.展开更多
There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes...There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution from industrial wastewater is a worldwide environmental issue. Biosorption of heavy metals by using biosorbents derived from various types of biomass has been shown to be effective for the uptake...Heavy metal pollution from industrial wastewater is a worldwide environmental issue. Biosorption of heavy metals by using biosorbents derived from various types of biomass has been shown to be effective for the uptake of heavy metal ions. In this study, biosorbents derived from the biomass of a group of marine macroalgae were used for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Results indicated that the biosorbents have high uptake capacities and affinities for a number of heavy metal ions. The uptake capacities of the biosorbents were in the range of 1.0 to 1.5mmol·g-1 for divalent heavy metal ions. The kinetics of the uptake process was fast and the process can be used in both batch and fixed-bed operations. It appears that the biosorption process by using biosorbents from marine macroalgae can be an efficient and cost effective technology for the treatment of heavy metal containing wastewater.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21838004)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PPZY2015A044)Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (TAPP)。
文摘Struvite(MAP)crystallization technology is widely used to treat ammonia nitrogen in waste effluents of its simple operation and good removal efficiency.However,the presence of heavy metal ions in the waste effluents causes problems such as slow crystallization rate and small crystal size,limiting the recovery rate and economic value of the MAP.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrations of three heavy metal ions(Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+))on the crystal morphology,crystal size,average growth rate,and crystallization kinetics of MAP.A relationship was established between the kinetic rate constant Ktcalculated by the chemical gradient model and the concentrations of heavy metal ions.The results showed that low concentrations of heavy metal ions in the solution created pits on the MAP surface,and high level of heavy metal ions generated flocs on the MAP surface,which were composed of metal hydroxides,thus inhibiting crystal growth.The crystal size,average growth rate,MAP crystallization rate,and kinetic rate constant Ktdecreased with the increase in heavy metal ion concentration.Moreover,the Ktdemonstrated a linear relationship with the heavy metal concentration ln(C/C~*),which provided a reference for the optimization of the MAP crystallization process in the presence of heavy metal ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272213)Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(21KJB140005)Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-Sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment(XTCX2024).
文摘In recent years,the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection.The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to stimulate the migration of photocarriers to the surface of photocatalysts and occur reduction-oxidation reaction with pollutants in agricultural wastewater.Photocatalytic technology has the characteristics of high efficiency,sustainability,low-energy and free secondary pollution.It is an environmental and economical method to recover water quality that only needs sunlight.In this paper,the mechanism and research progress of photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics from agricultural water pollution were reviewed by combining photocatalytic degradation process with agricultural treatment technology.The mechanism of influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation efficiency was discussed in detail and corresponding strategies were proposed,which has certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic degradation.
文摘Sorption characteristics of multiple adsorption of six heavy metal ions often found in refinery waste waters using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was investigated. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was carbonized between 350℃ - 500℃, and activated at 800℃ using nitric acid. Simultaneous batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>) in same aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was carried out. The adsorption process had a better fit for the Freundlich, Temkin isotherm and Dubinin-Radushke-vich (DRK) isotherm models but could not fit well into Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption isotherms showed that there is competition among various metals for adsorption sites on Nigerian bamboo. The DRK model was used to determine the nature of the sorption process and was found to be physical and chemical, with sorption energy of metal ions ranging from (7 - 10 kJ/mol). The adsorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions was chemisorptions and that of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> ions was cooperative adsorption. Therefore, this study revealed that Nigerian bamboo can serve as a good source of activated carbon with multiple and simultaneous metalions—removing potentials and may serve as a better replacement for commercial activated carbons in applications that warrant their use.
基金This work was supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1967212)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2019XS06004009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2018ZD10).
文摘To maximize the potential of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)sheet in the disposal of heavy metal ions in wastewater,we compared the adsorption of several common heavy metal ions(including Cr^(3+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Cd^(2+),Hg^(2+),and Pb^(2+))in wastewater on the monolayer MoS2 sheet through first-principles calculation.Our simulation results show that the monolayer MoS2 sheet is a potential heavy metal adsorption material because of the attractive interaction between them.The most negative adsorption energy determines that the TMo site is the most stable adsorption site for the heavy metal ions.The attractive interaction is considered as chemical adsorption,and it is closely related to charge transfer.The orbital hybridization between S p and heavy metal ions p and d states electrons contributes to the adsorption,except the orbital hybridization between S p and Pb p states electrons contributes to the Pb^(2+) adsorption.All the results show that the monolayer MoS2 sheet is most suitable for removing Ni^(2+) and Cr^(3+) ions from wastewater,followed by Cu^(2+) and Pb^(2+).For the ions Cd^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Hg^(2+),its adsorption strength remains to be improved.
文摘This paper describes the preparation of a membrane of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)and its corresponding membrane coated with polyaniline(PANI)for the adsorption of heavy metal ions.Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that all the membranes exhibited nanofibrous morphology.The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The prepared membranes were used as an adsorbent for hazardous heavy metal ions Pb^(2+) and Cr_(2)O^(2-)_(7).The adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency of the membranes were examined as function of the initial adsorbate concentration and pH of the medium.Coated membranes with PANI showed better adsorption performance and their direct current(DC)conductivities were correlated to heavy metal ion concentrations.Adsorption isotherms were also performed,and the adsorption process was tested according to the Langmuir and Freundlich models.The regeneration and reuse of the prepared membranes to re-adsorb heavy metal ions were also investigated.The enhancement in adsorption performance and reusability of PANI-coated membranes in comparison with non-coated ones is fully discussed.The results show that the maximum adsorption capacities of lead and chromate ions on the PANI-coated membranes are 290.12 and 1202.53 mg/g,respectively.
基金National Key Research and Development of China(No.2016YFC0802802)。
文摘Wool keratin(WK)and silk sericin(SS)have the ability to interact with metal ions.In order to take advantage of this potential,a novel environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane(WPU)/WK/SS membrane named as WPU&WK&SS membrane with crosslinked structure was constructed by freeze-drying via self-assembly style.Surface morphology and chemical structure characterization were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).In addition,the adsorption experiments of Cu2+and Cr6+were performed to evaluate the adsorption of WPU&WK&SS membrane,including adsorption kinetics,adsorption isotherm models and various factors affecting adsorption.Further investigation indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+and Cr6+can reach 54.21 mg·g-1and 85.21 mg·g-1,respectively,which are higher than most of the reported adsorbents.Through adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analysis,it is find that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model are more suitable for the static adsorption of Cu2+and Cr6+by WPU&WK&SS membrane.
文摘Single-crystal Fe_3 O_4 with monodisperse microspheres structure has been used for individual electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. Morphology and structure of the as-prepared Fe_3 O_4 microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Meanwhile the electrochemical properties of the Fe_3 O_4 microspheres modified glass carbon electrodes(GCE) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and the enhanced electrochemical response in stripping voltammetry for individual detection of Pb(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Cd(Ⅱ) was evaluated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry(SWASV). With high specific surface area and excellent catalytic activity toward heavy metal ions, the as-prepared monodisperse and single-crystal Fe_3 O_4 microspheres show a preferable sensing sensitivity(22.2 μA/μM) and limit of detection(0.0699 μM) toward Pb(Ⅱ). Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor of Fe_3 O_4 microspheres exhibits excellent stability and it also offers potential practical applicability for the determination of heavy metal ions in real water samples. This study provides a potential simple and low cost iron oxide for the construction of sensitive electrochemical sensors applied to monitor and control the pollution of toxic metal ions.
基金support from the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. kzcx2-yw-135-2)Tianjing Science & Technology Development Program (No. 06YFSZSF05100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40632011)
文摘This paper focuses on the flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions (Fe3+, Cd2+) or phosphorus by zeolite, microbial flocculants (MBF) produced by Aspergillus niger and the composite flocculant composed of zeolite and MBF. The main results are presented as follows: zeolite was a good flocculant when the contamination of the three simulated wastewaters was low, but the treated water is of turbidness and the particles in it are hard to precipitate. The MBF have a good flocculability toward Fe3+ wastewater, as well as particulate matter. Significant changes in flocculability occurred after adding the composite flocculant in different simulated wastewa-ters, the best or least effect respective for Fe3+ and Cd2+ wastewater. The research we have done shows that the method by which the composite flocculant is used to treat the wastewater containing heavy metal ions or phosphorus provides important reference value for practical application.
文摘BOD measurements in presence of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver and cadmium are reported using wastewater from dairy industry as a seed. Extent of inhibition in BOD is studied for variables like, concen-tration of metal ions (0.2 mM to 1.4 mM), pH (3 to 8) and temperature of incubation (15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃). Results of BOD inhibition are supported by absorbance measurement (OD600) studies of microbial matter preserved in Luriya broth medium. OD measurement results are used to derive minimum inhibitory concentration, i.e., threshold concentration of each metal showing toxicity towards microbes. Sil-ver is found to be the most toxic element.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 29976004 and 20136020) and Fok Ying-tung Education Foundation(No. 71067).
文摘The adsorption properties of chitin adsorbent from mycelium of fermentation industries for the removal of heavy metal ions were studied. The result shows that the chitin adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for many heavy metal ions and Ni2+ in citric acid. The influence of pH was significant:When pH is higher than 4.0, the high adsorption capacity is obtained,otherwise H+ ion inhibits the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The comparison of the chitin adsorbent with some other commercial adsorbents was made, in which that the adsorption behaviorchitin adsorbent is close to that of commercial cation exchange adsorbents, and its cost is much lower than those commercial adsorbents.
基金supported by the Higher education commission of Pakistan(NRPU No.20-3925/R&D/NRPU/HEC/2014)PAK-US science and technology cooperation(Pak-US No6-4/PAK-US/HEC/2015/04)Pakistan science foundation joint research projects with MSRT,Iran(No.PSF-MSRT/Env/KP-AWKUM)。
文摘Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME)and electromembrane extraction(EME)are miniaturized extraction techniques,and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals,drugs and other organic compounds,in recent years.HF-LPME and EME provide high selectivity,efficient sample cleanup and enrichment,and reduce the consumption of organic sol-vents to a few micro-liters per sample.HF-LPME and EME are compatible with different analytical in-struments for chromatography,electrophoresis,atomic spectroscopy,mass spectrometry,and electrochemical detection.HF-LPME and EME have gained significant popularity during the recent years.This review focuses on hollow fiber based techniques(especially HF-LPME and EME)of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals(published 2017 to May 2019),and their combinations with atomic spectroscopy,UV-VIS spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,capillary elec-trophoresis,and voltammetry.
基金Project(2012CB722803)supported by the Key Project of National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(U1202271)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(IRT1250)supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane(MPTES) and(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES). Some further modifications were studied by chloroaceetyl choride and 1,8-Diaminoaphalene for amino modified silica. The surface functionalized silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FI-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The prepared adsorbent of surface functionalized silica nanoparticles with differential function groups were investigated in the selective adsorption about Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ions in aqueous solutions. The results show that the(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-MPTES) play an important role in the selective adsorption of Cu2+ and Hg2+, the(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES) functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-APTES) exhibited maximum removal efficiency towards Pb2+ and Hg2+, the 1,8-Diaminoaphalene functionalized silica nanoparticles was excellent for removal of Hg2+ at room temperature, respectively.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30972289)Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Special Appropriation Project(No.201005020)
文摘This study investigated the removal of heavy metal ions from cigarette mainstream smoke using chitosan.Chitosan of various deacetylation degrees and molecular weights were manually added to cigarette filters in different dosages.The mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected by a Cambridge filter pad,digested by a microwave digestor,and then analyzed for contents of heavy metal ions,including As(III/V),Pb(II),Cd(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II),by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS).The results showed that chitosan had a removal effect on Pb(II),Cd(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II).Of these,the percent removal of Ni(II) was elevated with an increasing dosage of chitosan.Chitosan of a high deace tylation degree exhibited good binding performance toward Cd(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II),though with poor efficiency for Pb(II).Except As(III/V),all the tested metal ions showed similar tendencies in the growing contents with an increasing chitosan molecular weight.Nonetheless,the percent removal of Cr(III/VI) peaked with a chitosan molecular weight of 200 kDa,followed by a dramatic decrease with an increasing chitosan molecular weight.Generally,chitosan had different removal effects on four out of five tested metal ions,and the percent removal of Cd(II),Pb(II),Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II) was approximately 55%,45%,50%,and 16%,respectively.In a word,chitosan used in cigarette filter can remove toxic heavy metal ions in the mainstream smoke,improve cigarette safety,and reduce the harm to smokers.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (No. 2002CB410808)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40401030)
文摘Interactions of three heavy metal ions, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, and, for comparison, Na+ with electrodialytic clay fractions (less than 2μm in diameter) of four paddy soils as well as a yellow-brown soil as a control soil were evaluated based on measurements of the Wien effect in dilute suspensions with a clay concentration of 10 g kg-1 in four nitrate solutions of 2×10-4/z mol L-1, where z is the cation valence, and a nitric acid solution of 3×10-5 mol L-1.Field strengths ranging from 15 to 230 kV cm-1 were applied for measuring the electrical conductivities (ECs) of the suspensions. The mean free binding energies between the various cations and all of the soils determined from exchange equilibrium increased in the order: Na+ < Cd2+ < Cu2+ < Pb2+. In general, the ECs of the suspensions in the sodium nitrate solution were smaller than those of the suspensions in the heavy metal solutions because of the lower electrophoretic mobility of sodium compared to the divalent cations. In terms of relative electrical conductivity-field strength relationships, relative electrical conductivity (REC) of suspensions containing various cations at field strengths larger than about 50 kV cm-1 were in the descending order: Na+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ for all tested soils. A characteristic parameter of the REC-field strength curves,△REG200, REG at a field strength of 200 kV cm-1 minus that at the local minimum of the concave segment of the REC-field strength curves, characterized the strength of adsorption of the cations stripped off by the applied strong electrical field, and for all soils the values of△REC200 were generally in the order: Na+ < Cu2+≤Cd2+≤Pb2+.
基金financially supported by Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Special Appropriation Project(201005020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT1188)
文摘Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups.They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions,dyes and proteins from various media.Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures.The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan,highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents,and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions,dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40401030 and 20577054).
文摘Gibbs free binding energy and adsorption energy between cations and charged soil particles were used to evaluate the interactions between ions and soil particles.The distribution of Gibbs free adsorption energies could not be determined experimentally before the development of Wien effect measurements in dilute soil suspensions.In the current study,energy relationships between heavy metal ions and particles of Hapli-Udic Argosol(Alfisol)and Ferri-Udic Argosol were inferred from Wien effect measurements in dilute suspensions of homoionic soil particles(<2μm)of the two soils,which were saturated with ions of five heavy metals,in deionized water.The mean Gibbs free binding energies of the heavy metal ions with Hapli-Udic Argosol and Ferri-Udic Argosol particles diminished in the order of Pb^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Cu^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>Cr^(3+),where the range of binding energies for Hapli-Udic Argosol(7.25-9.32 kJ mol^(-1))was similar to that for Ferri-Udic Argosol(7.43-9.35 kJ mol^(-1)).The electrical field-dependent mean Gibbs free adsorption energies of these heavy metal ions for Hapli-Udic Argosol and for Ferri-Udic Argosol descended in the order:Cu^(2+)≥Cd^(2+)≥Pb^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>Cr^(3+), and Cd^(2+)>Cu^(2+)>Pb^(2+)>Zn^(2+)>Cr^(3+),respectively.The mean Gibbs free adsorption energies of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Cd^(2+), Pb^(2+),and Cr^(3+)at a field strength of 200 kV cm^(-1),for example,were in the range of 0.8-3.2 kJ mol^(-1)for the two soils.
文摘Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper（Ⅱ）, zinc（Ⅱ）, and chromimum（Ⅱ）, from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10\100 mg/L was studied by using both entrapped activated sludge and inactivated free biomass at pH≤5. A biphasic metal adsorption pattern was observed in all immobilized biomass experiments. The biosorption of metal ions by the biosorbents increased with the initial concentration increased in the medium. The adsorption rate of immobilized pre-treated activated sludge（PAS） was much lower than that of free PAS due to the increase in mass transfer resistance resulting from the polymeric matrix. Biosorption equilibrium of beads was established in about 20 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. No significant effect of temperature was observed in the test for free biomass while immobilized PAS appeared to be strong temperature dependent in the test range of 10 and 40℃. Besides, the content of activated sludge in the calcium alginate bead has an influence on the uptake of heavy metals. The sorption equilibrium was well modeled by Langmuir isotherm, implying monomolecular adsorption mechanism. Carboxyl group in cell wall played an important role in surface adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAS.
文摘Adsorption of divalent metal ions, including Cu\+\{2+\}, Pb\+\{2+\}, Zn\+\{2+\}, Cd\+\{2+\} and Ni\+\{2+\}, on quartz surface was measured as a function of metal ion concentration at 30℃ under conditions of solution pH=6.5 and ion strength I=0.1mol/L. Results of the experimental measurements can be described very well by adsorption isotherm equations of Freudlich. The correlation coefficients (r) of adsorption isotherm lines are >0.96. Moreover, the experimental data were interpreted on the basis of surface complexation model. The experimental results showed that the monodentate coordinated metal ion surface complex species (SOM\++) are predominant over the bidentate coordinated metal ion surface complex species \ formed only by the ions Cu\+\{2+\}, Zn\+\{2+\} and Ni\+\{2+\}. And the relevant apparent surface complexation constants are lgK\-M=2.2-3.3 in order of K\-\{Cd\}≥K\-\{Pb\}>K\-\{Zn\}>K\-\{Ni\}≥K\-\{Cu\}, and lgβ\-M=5.9-6.8 in order of β\-\{Ni\}>β\-\{Zn\}>β\-\{Cu\}. Therefore, the reactive ability of the ions onto mineral surface of quartz follows the order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu under the above mentioned solution conditions. The apparent surface complexation constants, influenced by the surface potential, surface species and hydrolysis of metal ions, depend mainly on the Born solvation coefficient of the metal ions.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China
文摘There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment.
基金Supported in part by the Australian Research Council (Small Grant Scheme) and a Royal Thai Government Scholarship.
文摘Heavy metal pollution from industrial wastewater is a worldwide environmental issue. Biosorption of heavy metals by using biosorbents derived from various types of biomass has been shown to be effective for the uptake of heavy metal ions. In this study, biosorbents derived from the biomass of a group of marine macroalgae were used for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Results indicated that the biosorbents have high uptake capacities and affinities for a number of heavy metal ions. The uptake capacities of the biosorbents were in the range of 1.0 to 1.5mmol·g-1 for divalent heavy metal ions. The kinetics of the uptake process was fast and the process can be used in both batch and fixed-bed operations. It appears that the biosorption process by using biosorbents from marine macroalgae can be an efficient and cost effective technology for the treatment of heavy metal containing wastewater.
