Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver malignancy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence available on the long-term outcomes of cHCC...Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver malignancy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence available on the long-term outcomes of cHCC-CC patients after either hepatectomy or liver transplantation(LT). Data Sources: Relevant studies published between January 2000 and January 2018 were identified by searching Pub Med and Embase and reviewed systematically. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 42 observational studies involving 1691 patients(1390 for partial hepatectomy and 301 for LT) were included in the analysis. The median tumor recurrence and 5-year overall survival(OS) rates were 65%(range 38%–100%) and 29%(range 0–63%) after hepatectomy versus 54%(range 14%–93%) and 41%(range 16%–73%) after LT, respectively. Meta-analysis found no significant difference in OS and tumor recurrence between LT and hepatectomy groups. Conclusion: Hepatectomy rather than LT should be considered as the prior treatment option for cHCC-CC.展开更多
Background:Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare subtype of primary hepatic malignancies,with variably reported incidence between 0.4%–14.2%of primary liver cancer cases.This study aimed to systema...Background:Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare subtype of primary hepatic malignancies,with variably reported incidence between 0.4%–14.2%of primary liver cancer cases.This study aimed to systematically review the epidemiological,clinicopathological,diagnostic and therapeutic data for this rare entity.Data sources:We reviewed the literature of diagnostic approach of CHC with special reference to its clinical,molecular and histopathological characteristics.Additional analysis of the recent literature in order to evaluate the results of surgical and systemic treatment of this entity has been accomplished.Results:The median age at CHC’s diagnosis appears to be between 50 and 75 years.Evaluation of tumor markers[alpha fetoprotein(AFP),carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19–9)and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]along with imaging patterns provides better opportunities for CHC’s preoperative diagnosis.Reported clinicopathologic prognostic parameters possibly correlated with increased tumor recurrence and grimmer survival odds include advanced age,tumor size,nodal and distal metastases,vascular and regional organ invasion,multifocality,decreased capsule formation,stem-cell features verification and increased GGT as well as CA19–9 and CEA levels.In case of inoperable or recurrent disease,combinations of cholangiocarcinoma-directed systemic agents display superior results over sorafenib.Liver-directed methods,such as transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC),radioembolization and ablative therapies,demonstrate inferior efficacy than in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)due to CHC’s common hypovascularity.Conclusions:CHC demonstrates an overlapping clinical and biological pattern between its malignant ingredients.Natural history of the disease seems to be determined by the predominant tumor element.Gold standard for diagnosis is histology of surgical specimens.Regarding therapeutic interventions,major hepatectomy is acknowledged as the cornerstone of treatment whereas minor hepatectomy and liver transplantation may be applied in patients with advanced cirrhosis.Despite all therapeutic attempts,prognosis of CHC remains dismal.展开更多
BACKGROUND Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare type of primary liver cancer.Due to its complex histopathological characteristics,the imaging features of CHC can overlap with those of hepatocellula...BACKGROUND Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare type of primary liver cancer.Due to its complex histopathological characteristics,the imaging features of CHC can overlap with those of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).AIM To investigate the possibility and efficacy of differentiating CHC from HCC and ICC by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS)and tumor biomarkers.METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2019,patients with histologically confirmed CHC,ICC and HCC with chronic liver disease were enrolled.The diagnostic formula for CHC was as follows:(1)LR-5 or LR-M with elevated alphafetoprotein(AFP)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9);(2)LR-M with elevated AFP and normal CA19-9;or(3)LR-5 with elevated CA19-9 and normal AFP.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to determine the diagnostic value of the criteria.RESULTS After propensity score matching,134 patients(mean age of 51.4±9.4 years,108 men)were enrolled,including 35 CHC,29 ICC and 70 HCC patients.Based on CEUS LI-RADS classification,74.3%(26/35)and 25.7%(9/35)of CHC lesions were assessed as LR-M and LR-5,respectively.The rates of elevated AFP and CA19-9 in CHC patients were 51.4%and 11.4%,respectively,and simultaneous elevations of AFP and CA19-9 were found in 8.6%(3/35)of CHC patients.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the aforementioned diagnostic criteria for discriminating CHC from HCC and ICC were 40.0%,89.9%,58.3%,80.9%,76.9%and 0.649,respectively.When considering the reported prevalence of CHC(0.4%-14.2%),the positive predictive value and NPV were revised to 1.6%-39.6%and 90.1%-99.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION CHCs are more likely to be classified as LR-M than LR-5 by CEUS LI-RADS.The combination of the CEUS LI-RADS classification with serum tumor markers shows high specificity but low sensitivity for the diagnosis of CHC.Moreover,CHC could be confidently excluded with high NPV.展开更多
The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section that consist of commentary on an article published in the Journal or other relevant issues. Letters commenting on an artic...The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section that consist of commentary on an article published in the Journal or other relevant issues. Letters commenting on an article published in the Journal will be considered if they are received within 6 weeks of the time the article was published. Authors of the article being commented on will be given an展开更多
Combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma is a rare and unique form of primary hepatic neoplasm, expressing histopathological and phenotypic aspects of hepatocellularcarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in the same tumor. Diagnos...Combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma is a rare and unique form of primary hepatic neoplasm, expressing histopathological and phenotypic aspects of hepatocellularcarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in the same tumor. Diagnosis may be performed by imaging, showing typical features of both components. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and a hepatic mass. The patient underwent surgery and combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma with stem cells features was confirmed on pathological analysis. There are no signs of recurrence to date. Combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma requires a preoperative diagnosis, since it is a unique entity with higher rates of local and lymph node recurrence, compared to isolated forms.展开更多
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CCA)is a rare primary liver cancer associated with an appalling prognosis.The diagnosis and manage-ment of this entity have been challenging to physicians,radiologists,s...Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CCA)is a rare primary liver cancer associated with an appalling prognosis.The diagnosis and manage-ment of this entity have been challenging to physicians,radiologists,surgeons,pathologists,and oncologists alike.The diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers such as the immunohistochemical expression of nestin,a progenitor cell marker,have been explored recently.With a better understanding of biology and the clinical course of cHCC-CCA,newer treatment modalities like immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tried to improve the survival of patients with this rare disease.In this review,we give an account of the recent developments in the pathology,diagnostic approach,and management of cHCC-CCA.展开更多
肝胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)作为原发性肝癌的一种类型,存在治疗方式局限、治疗效果差等特点,近年来,其发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势。目前ICC起源尚未完全明确。越来越多研究认为,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,...肝胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)作为原发性肝癌的一种类型,存在治疗方式局限、治疗效果差等特点,近年来,其发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势。目前ICC起源尚未完全明确。越来越多研究认为,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是导致ICC的危险因素之一。既往已有研究证实,肝细胞可作为ICC的起源细胞,HBV相关ICC的临床病理特征与肝细胞来源的肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)相似,且部分治疗HCC的方式也可用于治疗HBV相关ICC。本文旨在综述HBV相关ICC起源细胞的研究进展。展开更多
目的 探讨Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI对不伴有周围胆管扩张的肿块型肝内胆管癌(IMCC)中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析本院术前行Gd-EOB-DTPA检查术后经病理证实的33例孤立性无周围胆管扩张的IMCC患者的基本MRI征象、动态多期增强强化特征以及肝...目的 探讨Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI对不伴有周围胆管扩张的肿块型肝内胆管癌(IMCC)中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析本院术前行Gd-EOB-DTPA检查术后经病理证实的33例孤立性无周围胆管扩张的IMCC患者的基本MRI征象、动态多期增强强化特征以及肝胆期(HBP)表现。根据肿瘤动脉期强化特点分为经典型和富血供型,测量并计算HBP病灶及周围肝实质的信号强度(SI)比,对比两型间的差异。结果 33例无周围胆管扩张的IMCC,T2WI以混杂稍高信号为主(26/33,78.8%),伴中央高信号(13/26,50.0%)或低信号区(7/26,26.9%),66.7%(22/33)DWI上呈“靶征”,75.8%(25/33)HBP呈“EOB云”。其中,经典型(n=27)IMCC表现为周边环状强化伴中心渐进性延迟强化;富血供型IMCC(n=6)表现为全瘤(n=2)或近乎全瘤(n=4)强化伴持续性强化(n=5)或廓清(n=1)表现。两型IMCC在慢性乙肝、肝硬化感染率(11.1%vs 66.7%,P=0.011)及肿瘤大小(3.9 cm vs 2.8 cm,P=0.019)具有统计学差异,在伴随征象(肝包膜回缩、DWI靶征、“EOB云”征)、周边廓清及HBP病灶/肝脏SI比(0.67 vs 0.58)无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论 无周围胆管扩张的IMCC根据动脉期强化特点分经典型和富血供型,DWI“靶征”及“EOB云”征有助于IMCC的诊断。较经典型IMCC,富血供型IMCC常发生于慢性乙肝、肝硬化背景下,瘤体相对偏小。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Foundation of Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau(3502Z20174074)
文摘Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver malignancy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence available on the long-term outcomes of cHCC-CC patients after either hepatectomy or liver transplantation(LT). Data Sources: Relevant studies published between January 2000 and January 2018 were identified by searching Pub Med and Embase and reviewed systematically. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 42 observational studies involving 1691 patients(1390 for partial hepatectomy and 301 for LT) were included in the analysis. The median tumor recurrence and 5-year overall survival(OS) rates were 65%(range 38%–100%) and 29%(range 0–63%) after hepatectomy versus 54%(range 14%–93%) and 41%(range 16%–73%) after LT, respectively. Meta-analysis found no significant difference in OS and tumor recurrence between LT and hepatectomy groups. Conclusion: Hepatectomy rather than LT should be considered as the prior treatment option for cHCC-CC.
文摘Background:Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare subtype of primary hepatic malignancies,with variably reported incidence between 0.4%–14.2%of primary liver cancer cases.This study aimed to systematically review the epidemiological,clinicopathological,diagnostic and therapeutic data for this rare entity.Data sources:We reviewed the literature of diagnostic approach of CHC with special reference to its clinical,molecular and histopathological characteristics.Additional analysis of the recent literature in order to evaluate the results of surgical and systemic treatment of this entity has been accomplished.Results:The median age at CHC’s diagnosis appears to be between 50 and 75 years.Evaluation of tumor markers[alpha fetoprotein(AFP),carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19–9)and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]along with imaging patterns provides better opportunities for CHC’s preoperative diagnosis.Reported clinicopathologic prognostic parameters possibly correlated with increased tumor recurrence and grimmer survival odds include advanced age,tumor size,nodal and distal metastases,vascular and regional organ invasion,multifocality,decreased capsule formation,stem-cell features verification and increased GGT as well as CA19–9 and CEA levels.In case of inoperable or recurrent disease,combinations of cholangiocarcinoma-directed systemic agents display superior results over sorafenib.Liver-directed methods,such as transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC),radioembolization and ablative therapies,demonstrate inferior efficacy than in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)due to CHC’s common hypovascularity.Conclusions:CHC demonstrates an overlapping clinical and biological pattern between its malignant ingredients.Natural history of the disease seems to be determined by the predominant tumor element.Gold standard for diagnosis is histology of surgical specimens.Regarding therapeutic interventions,major hepatectomy is acknowledged as the cornerstone of treatment whereas minor hepatectomy and liver transplantation may be applied in patients with advanced cirrhosis.Despite all therapeutic attempts,prognosis of CHC remains dismal.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571697The Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,No.2017SZ0003 and No.2018FZ0044.
文摘BACKGROUND Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare type of primary liver cancer.Due to its complex histopathological characteristics,the imaging features of CHC can overlap with those of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).AIM To investigate the possibility and efficacy of differentiating CHC from HCC and ICC by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS)and tumor biomarkers.METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2019,patients with histologically confirmed CHC,ICC and HCC with chronic liver disease were enrolled.The diagnostic formula for CHC was as follows:(1)LR-5 or LR-M with elevated alphafetoprotein(AFP)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9);(2)LR-M with elevated AFP and normal CA19-9;or(3)LR-5 with elevated CA19-9 and normal AFP.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to determine the diagnostic value of the criteria.RESULTS After propensity score matching,134 patients(mean age of 51.4±9.4 years,108 men)were enrolled,including 35 CHC,29 ICC and 70 HCC patients.Based on CEUS LI-RADS classification,74.3%(26/35)and 25.7%(9/35)of CHC lesions were assessed as LR-M and LR-5,respectively.The rates of elevated AFP and CA19-9 in CHC patients were 51.4%and 11.4%,respectively,and simultaneous elevations of AFP and CA19-9 were found in 8.6%(3/35)of CHC patients.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the aforementioned diagnostic criteria for discriminating CHC from HCC and ICC were 40.0%,89.9%,58.3%,80.9%,76.9%and 0.649,respectively.When considering the reported prevalence of CHC(0.4%-14.2%),the positive predictive value and NPV were revised to 1.6%-39.6%and 90.1%-99.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION CHCs are more likely to be classified as LR-M than LR-5 by CEUS LI-RADS.The combination of the CEUS LI-RADS classification with serum tumor markers shows high specificity but low sensitivity for the diagnosis of CHC.Moreover,CHC could be confidently excluded with high NPV.
文摘The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section that consist of commentary on an article published in the Journal or other relevant issues. Letters commenting on an article published in the Journal will be considered if they are received within 6 weeks of the time the article was published. Authors of the article being commented on will be given an
文摘Combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma is a rare and unique form of primary hepatic neoplasm, expressing histopathological and phenotypic aspects of hepatocellularcarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in the same tumor. Diagnosis may be performed by imaging, showing typical features of both components. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and a hepatic mass. The patient underwent surgery and combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma with stem cells features was confirmed on pathological analysis. There are no signs of recurrence to date. Combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma requires a preoperative diagnosis, since it is a unique entity with higher rates of local and lymph node recurrence, compared to isolated forms.
文摘Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CCA)is a rare primary liver cancer associated with an appalling prognosis.The diagnosis and manage-ment of this entity have been challenging to physicians,radiologists,surgeons,pathologists,and oncologists alike.The diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers such as the immunohistochemical expression of nestin,a progenitor cell marker,have been explored recently.With a better understanding of biology and the clinical course of cHCC-CCA,newer treatment modalities like immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tried to improve the survival of patients with this rare disease.In this review,we give an account of the recent developments in the pathology,diagnostic approach,and management of cHCC-CCA.
文摘肝胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)作为原发性肝癌的一种类型,存在治疗方式局限、治疗效果差等特点,近年来,其发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势。目前ICC起源尚未完全明确。越来越多研究认为,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是导致ICC的危险因素之一。既往已有研究证实,肝细胞可作为ICC的起源细胞,HBV相关ICC的临床病理特征与肝细胞来源的肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)相似,且部分治疗HCC的方式也可用于治疗HBV相关ICC。本文旨在综述HBV相关ICC起源细胞的研究进展。
文摘目的 探讨Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI对不伴有周围胆管扩张的肿块型肝内胆管癌(IMCC)中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析本院术前行Gd-EOB-DTPA检查术后经病理证实的33例孤立性无周围胆管扩张的IMCC患者的基本MRI征象、动态多期增强强化特征以及肝胆期(HBP)表现。根据肿瘤动脉期强化特点分为经典型和富血供型,测量并计算HBP病灶及周围肝实质的信号强度(SI)比,对比两型间的差异。结果 33例无周围胆管扩张的IMCC,T2WI以混杂稍高信号为主(26/33,78.8%),伴中央高信号(13/26,50.0%)或低信号区(7/26,26.9%),66.7%(22/33)DWI上呈“靶征”,75.8%(25/33)HBP呈“EOB云”。其中,经典型(n=27)IMCC表现为周边环状强化伴中心渐进性延迟强化;富血供型IMCC(n=6)表现为全瘤(n=2)或近乎全瘤(n=4)强化伴持续性强化(n=5)或廓清(n=1)表现。两型IMCC在慢性乙肝、肝硬化感染率(11.1%vs 66.7%,P=0.011)及肿瘤大小(3.9 cm vs 2.8 cm,P=0.019)具有统计学差异,在伴随征象(肝包膜回缩、DWI靶征、“EOB云”征)、周边廓清及HBP病灶/肝脏SI比(0.67 vs 0.58)无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论 无周围胆管扩张的IMCC根据动脉期强化特点分经典型和富血供型,DWI“靶征”及“EOB云”征有助于IMCC的诊断。较经典型IMCC,富血供型IMCC常发生于慢性乙肝、肝硬化背景下,瘤体相对偏小。
