Most methods for classifying hyperspectral data only consider the local spatial relation-ship among samples,ignoring the important non-local topological relationship.However,the non-local topological relationship is b...Most methods for classifying hyperspectral data only consider the local spatial relation-ship among samples,ignoring the important non-local topological relationship.However,the non-local topological relationship is better at representing the structure of hyperspectral data.This paper proposes a deep learning model called Topology and semantic information fusion classification network(TSFnet)that incorporates a topology structure and semantic information transmis-sion network to accurately classify traditional Chinese medicine in hyperspectral images.TSFnet uses a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract features and a graph convolution network(GCN)to capture potential topological relationships among different types of Chinese herbal medicines.The results show that TSFnet outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning classification algorithms in two different scenarios of herbal medicine datasets.Additionally,the proposed TSFnet model is lightweight and can be easily deployed for mobile herbal medicine classification.展开更多
Chinese tonifying herbs, which are classified into four functional categories (namely, Yang, Qi, Yin, Blood) are commonly used for restoring normal body function and the prevention of diseases. To explore cell-based b...Chinese tonifying herbs, which are classified into four functional categories (namely, Yang, Qi, Yin, Blood) are commonly used for restoring normal body function and the prevention of diseases. To explore cell-based biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese herbs, we investigate the effect of 11 commonly used Blood-enriching herbs on erythropoietin (EPO) production in HepG2 cells. Herbs for nourishing Yin were tested for determining the specificity of Blood-enriching herbs in inducing EPO production. In addition, the effects of Blood-enriching herbs on nitric oxide (NO) production in both HepG2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also investigated. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of Blood-enriching herbs (but not Yin-nourishing herbs) showed characteristic pharmacological activity in inducing EPO production in HepG2 cells and NO release in HUVECs. The experimental findings, therefore, support the use of cell-based EPO production and NO release as biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese tonifying herbs.展开更多
Hypertension(HTN)is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting over 30%of the adult population globally,with a growing incidence rate.This article aims to identify the commonly used herbs for HTN treatment and ...Hypertension(HTN)is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting over 30%of the adult population globally,with a growing incidence rate.This article aims to identify the commonly used herbs for HTN treatment and examine their claims,criticisms,and challenges.It further aims to provide useful recommendations regarding the use of herbs for HTN treatment.HTN complications,such as coronary heart disease,stroke,peripheral vascular disease,vision impairment,and renal failure can result in morbidity and mortality.The high cost of conventional medications,which sometimes may not even be available or easily accessible with their unfavorable side effects as well as taking more than one pill per day,has led hypertensive patients,particularly those in rural areas,to explore alternative treatments such as herbal therapies.It is crucial to determine the different modes of action,doses,safety,and efficacy of herbal remedies used in combination with conventional medications to improve treatment adherence and enhance patient outcomes.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism,which can cause endocrine dysfunction,abnormal neurological function,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injuries,poses serious health problems.Thyroid hormone supplement...The increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism,which can cause endocrine dysfunction,abnormal neurological function,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injuries,poses serious health problems.Thyroid hormone supplementation constitutes the current main therapeutic method for hypothyroidism,yet it has many limitations and risks and is not suitable for everyone.Therefore,it is necessary to seek alternative and complementary treatment methods.It has been proven in practice that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)possesses multi-channel comprehensive characteristics for the treatment of hypothyroidism and has more advantages than single thyroid hormone supplementation.Through a comprehensive examination of existing literature about TCM efficacy in addressing hypothyroidism,we have meticulously consolidated the most recent research findings on prescriptions and herbal substances employed in the treatment of this condition.Furthermore,we have explicated their respective functions in the management of hypothyroidism,thereby offering valuable perspectives and recommendations for the prospective utilization of natural remedies in its treatment.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC), an idiopathic inflammatory disorder in the colon, has become a clinical challenge, owing to the increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The conventional treatments for UC including aminosalicy...Ulcerative colitis(UC), an idiopathic inflammatory disorder in the colon, has become a clinical challenge, owing to the increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The conventional treatments for UC including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants, induce remission in only half of patients. Meanwhile, the treatments often come with serious side effects which can be life-threatening. Herbal medicine, one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine modalities, has been introduced for centuries into clinical treatment of many human diseases such as infections and functional disorders. Recently, the potential effectiveness of herbs has been suggested as the treatment of UC, as shown by a variety of clinical trials and experimental studies. The herbs reported in the literature include aloe vera gel, butyrate, tormentil extracts, wheat grass juice, and curcumin. In the review, bioactivity of the herbs and their involvement in UC treatment are discussed.展开更多
As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer's disease have been developed, including ...As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer's disease have been developed, including cholinergic neuron damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and cholinergic deficits leads to cognitive dysfunction and decline. Recent studies have linked diabetes as a risk factor in developing Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. The incidence of patients with type II diabetes and increased levels and activity of α-amylase is higher in patients with dementia. It has been shown that aromatherapy with essential oils from the mint family can improve cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease patients. Selected monoterpenoids from these essential oils are reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. Terpenoids are small, fat-soluble organic molecules that can transfer across nasal mucosa if inhaled, or penetrate through the skin after topical application, enter into the blood and cross the blood-brain barrier. Recent evidence supports the idea that the common constituents of essential oils also inhibit α-amylase, a starch digestive enzyme that plays an important role in the control of diabetes. The mint family is a fragrant plant family that contains most of the culinary herbs found in the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet is considered to be one of the healthiest diets in the world, and is found to be beneficial not only for the heart but also for the brain. Herbs used in this diet are rich in antioxidants that can prevent oxidative damage caused by free radicals. However, our study shows that they also contain biologically active compounds with potent α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Consumption of fresh herbs can help boost memory and reduce sugar levels in the body. The use of herbs as a functional food could lead to significant improvements in health. Cognitive stimulation with medical food and medical herbs could delay development of cognitive decline, and improve the quality of life of Alzheimer's disease patients. This effect can be enhanced if combined with aromatherapy, topically or by inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Terpenes and terpenoids, the primary constituents of these essential oils are small, lipid soluble organic molecules that can be absorbed through the skin or across nasal mucosa into the systemic blood circulation. Many terpenes can also cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, topical application or inhalation of essential oils will also produce a systemic effect.展开更多
Tonic Chinese herbs Pseudostellaria heterophylla has complex components,which has both medicinal and nutritional effects,and the clinical research on anti-oxidation of P.heterophylla has become a hotspot.By searching ...Tonic Chinese herbs Pseudostellaria heterophylla has complex components,which has both medicinal and nutritional effects,and the clinical research on anti-oxidation of P.heterophylla has become a hotspot.By searching domestic and foreign databases,the antioxidant literatures of P.heterophylla were searched,consulted,sorted,classified and analyzed,and systematic reevaluation of antioxidant function was conducted from three aspects of P.heterophylla extract in vitro chemical method,biological method and animal test method according to evaluation criteria for antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medicine and Meta analysis statistical methods.The results would provide systematic reference for further research and development of P.heterophylla,especially for forage value excavation and development of P.heterophylla in the field of modern animal breeding.展开更多
Tropical diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, account for a large number of deaths annually. Herbs are an excellent source of tropical medicines. Many advancements and discoverie...Tropical diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, account for a large number of deaths annually. Herbs are an excellent source of tropical medicines. Many advancements and discoveries have taken place in the field of drug discovery but still, a major population of tropical diseases relies on herbal traditional medicine. There are some challenges related to policy implementation, efficacy, resistance and toxicity of tropical medicines. There are many tropical diseases such as such as schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness, filariasis and chagas disease which are neglected because very few pharmaceutical companies have shown their interest in developing therapeutics against these diseases of poor people. There are many benefits associated with herbal medicine such as the cost of production, patient tolerance, large scale availability, efficacy, safety, potency, recyclability, and environment friendly. A large number of natural extracts such as curcumin, artemisinin, morphine, reserpine, and hypericin, are in use for treatment of different tropical diseases for a long time. The current review is to discuss the overview of tropical medicinal herbs, its scope and limitations in the modern drug discovery process.展开更多
Isomeric triterpenic acids of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) both have very low ultraviolet absorption and always exist in the same plant, so the separation and simultaneous determination of them have been ...Isomeric triterpenic acids of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) both have very low ultraviolet absorption and always exist in the same plant, so the separation and simultaneous determination of them have been a difficult task. In this study, a sensitive method combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with HPLC-UV was developed for the extraction and determination of OA and UA in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs (CMHs). Variables influencing DLLME such as type and volume of extraction solvent, volume of dispersive solvent, ionic strength, aqueous phase pH, extraction time, centrifugation speed and time, and sample volume were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, both OA and UA attained favorable extraction efficiencies with enrichment factors 1378 and 933, respectively. The linear dynamic ranges of 0.07 - 30.4 μg?mL–1 for OA and 0.08 - 33.6 μg?mL–1 for UA were obtained with square correlation coefficients of 0.9963. The detection limits of OA and UA were both 0.02 μg?mL–1. The method recoveries ranged between 88.2% - 116.2% for OA and 85.7% - 108.2% for UA with the RSDs (n = 5) lower than 8.6%. The proposed method was successfully applied to concentrate and simultaneously determine these two triterpenic acids in Hedyotis diffusa and Eriobotrya japonica samples.展开更多
BACKGROUND Many natural products confer health benefits against diverse diseases through their antioxidant activities.Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)is often used in animal experiments to study the effects of substances on...BACKGROUND Many natural products confer health benefits against diverse diseases through their antioxidant activities.Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)is often used in animal experiments to study the effects of substances on liver injury and the related mechanisms of action,among which oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor.AIM To compare antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of ten herbs and identify and quantify phytochemicals for the one with strongest hepatoprotection.METHODS The antioxidant activity of ten medicinal herbs was determined by both ferricreducing antioxidant power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetry,respectively.Their effects on CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury were evaluated and compared in a mouse model by administrating each water extract(0.15 g/mL,10 mL/kg)once per day for seven consecutive days and a dose of CCl4 solution in olive oil(8%,v/v,10 mL/kg).The herb with the strongest hepatoprotective performance was analyzed for the detailed bioactive components by using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization source-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS The results revealed that all tested herbs attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury;each resulted in significant decreases in levels of serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,and triacylglycerols.In addition,most herbs restored hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities,glutathione levels,and reduced malondialdehyde levels.Sanguisorba officinalis(S.officinalis)L.,Coptis chinensis Franch.,and Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi root were the three most effective herbs,and S.officinalis L.exhibited the strongest hepatoprotective effect.Nine active components were identified in S.officinalis L.Gallic acid and(+)-catechin were quantified(7.86±0.45 mg/g and 8.19±0.57 mg/g dried weight,respectively).Furthermore,the tested herbs displayed a range of in vitro antioxidant activities proportional to their phenolic content;the strongest activities were also found for S.officinalis L.CONCLUSION This study is of value to assist the selection of more effective natural products for direct consumption and the development of nutraceuticals or therapeutics to manage oxidative stress-related diseases.展开更多
This paper was conducted to monitor the effect of mixed essential oils (AROMIX@) as phytogenic extract herbs administration in drinking water on growth performance, hematological, biochemical, immunological st...This paper was conducted to monitor the effect of mixed essential oils (AROMIX@) as phytogenic extract herbs administration in drinking water on growth performance, hematological, biochemical, immunological statuses and carcass traits of broiler chickens. A total number of 240 unsexed broiler chicks (Cobb-500) strain, were randomly divided to four equal groups, 60 chicks each at seven days of age. The first group drank tap water (control), the second, third and fourth group were drank the same water, adding 1 ml AROMIX@per 5, 10 and 15 liter tap water, respectively for 5 week of age. It was cleared from the results that there was a significant improve in feed conversion ratio, red and white blood cell counts, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and a relative reduction in the liver enzymes but in the normal range. However, it was observed that mix essential oils have no significant impact on carcass organs. High levels of the vital parameters, low levels of hepatic enzymes showed that birds health was good and relative improvement in immune system. The relative improvement of the absorption of minerals such as calcium and inorganic phosphorus to the positive role of essential oils. Administration in drank water was occasion, a regular activity of hepatic enzymes which can evidence safety and hepato-protective nature of these oils. Therefore, it is cleared from the results that the addition of these extract herbs in drinking water enhances the health meat, performance and physiological status of broiler chicks, which helps to obtain healthy meat and suitable for human consumption.展开更多
Background: Spasm is one of the most serious physical impairment after stroke. the external-application herbs have showed some effects on the spasm. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness o...Background: Spasm is one of the most serious physical impairment after stroke. the external-application herbs have showed some effects on the spasm. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the external-application herbs and physical therapy in upper limb spasticity after stroke. Methods: A total of 100 patients with upper limb spasm after stroke (stroke time less than 1 month), have been recruited in Shun-yi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Patients will be randomly allotted to one of two groups (N = 50, respectively): the TCM external application group, and the usual rehab (conventional physical therapy and medication treatment) group. The two groups will be administered once a month for three months. The primary outcome will be Modified Athworth Scale (MAS) and the simplified scale (Fugl-Meyer assessment, FMA) for upper limb. Results: Muscle tension and motor function were evaluated before and 4 weeks after treatments. There was a significant improvement in muscle tension and motor function in patients with stroke after the external-application herbs and physical therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in kinematics in patients with stroke.展开更多
Anguo,known as Qizhou in ancient time,its herbs industry began in Song Dynasty,boomed in Ming,and flourished in Qing.During the development of Qizhou herbs industry,a number of special processing techniques of Chinese...Anguo,known as Qizhou in ancient time,its herbs industry began in Song Dynasty,boomed in Ming,and flourished in Qing.During the development of Qizhou herbs industry,a number of special processing techniques of Chinese Materia Medicine were produced."Qizhou's Four Uniqueness",of which,the most representative medicine includes"Hundred pieces areca","Cicada feather of Qingxia","Yunpian deer antler"and"Pound Rhinoceros unicornis L".To investigate the present inheritance situation of the traditional processing technology of Chinese Materia Medicine in Anguo herbs market,we will consult literature including the ancient books and records,Anguo local chronicles and visit the inheritors of the traditional processing technology in Anguo,and research the processing technology historical origin.This study aims to create the Anguo herbs cultural card,and enrich the cultural heritage of Chinese medicine industry of Anguo country even Hebei province.展开更多
Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during the last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in h...Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during the last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in human health and disease. To evaluate elemental contents of some commonly used as health promoter and fever, 5 medicine herbs (stems) namely Guduchi, Vach, Mulahati, Joytishmati and Vidhara have been analyzed for four minor (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and eight trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometry. Their accuracy was measured by replicate analyses. In general, elemental contents were found in varying amounts with large range. It is observed that many of medicinal herbs are enriched in one or more elements. Since these elements are bioavailable in natural form, probably in combination with organic constituents, these are likely to be easily assimilated by human bodies. Besides them, two toxic elements Ni and Cd were also found in insignificant amounts as these are likely to have originated from environmental contamination.展开更多
The linkage between Qi and mitochondria was investigated by exploring the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Qi-invigorating herbs on mitochondrial function at the biochemical and molecular levels. Three Chi...The linkage between Qi and mitochondria was investigated by exploring the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Qi-invigorating herbs on mitochondrial function at the biochemical and molecular levels. Three Chinese herbs (<i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Astragali radix</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Herba cistanche</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Panax ginseng</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i>) were used to treat cultured mouse kidney cells and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured. The Qi-invigorating herb, <i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Astragali radix</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i>, was selected for further </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">study using additional biological and molecular parameters, including ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP),</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mtDNA copies, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), cell growth, cell viability and transcriptomes. We also chose two concentrations of <i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Astragali radix</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> to study the hormetic effect. The results indicated that: 1) Qi-invigorating herbs have significant effects on the function of mitochondria, with ATP production and the antioxidant capacity being significantly enhanced, and ROS le</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vels being reduced, allowing for a more optimal oxidation environment. The effect of the herbs followed a hormetic curve with a stimulating effect at lower</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">doses but an inhibiting effect at high doses;2) The growth of the cells was not</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">affected despite numerous biochemical changes associated with mitochondrial</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">function, indicating the powerful ability of mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis;3) The up-regulation of NOCT gene, related to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) synthesis, offers a molecular basis for the ATP-promoting effect of the Qi-invigorating herbs. This work provides additional insight into the efficacy of TCM herbs from a western perspective.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate in vitro immunomodulating properties and potential cytotoxicity of six tropical medicinal herbs and food plants namely Antidesma madagascariense(Euphorbiaceae) (AM),Erylhroxylum macrocarpum(Eryth...Objective:To evaluate in vitro immunomodulating properties and potential cytotoxicity of six tropical medicinal herbs and food plants namely Antidesma madagascariense(Euphorbiaceae) (AM),Erylhroxylum macrocarpum(Erythroxylaceae)(EM),Faujasiopsis flexuosa(Asteraceae) (FF),Pittosporum senacia(Pittosporaceae)(PS),Momordica charantia(Cucurbitaceae)(MC) and Orimum tenuiflorum(Lamiaceae)(Of).Methods:Initially,the crude water and methanol extracts were probed for their capacity to trigger immune cells’ NADPH oxidase and MPO-dependent activities as measured by lucigenin- and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence,respectively; as compared to receptor-dependent(serum opsonised zymosan- OPZ) or receptor-independent phorbol myristerate acetate(PMA).Results:Preliminary screening on whole human blood oxidative buret activity showed significant and concentration-dependent immunomodulating properties of three plants AM,FF and OT.Further investigations of the fractions on isolated human polymorphonuclear cells(PMNs) and mice monocytes using two different pathways for activation of phagocytic oxidative burst showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent extract. None of the active samples had cell-death effects on human PMNs,under the assay conditions as determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay.Since PMA and OPZ NADPH oxidase complex is activated via different transduction pathways,these results suggest that AM,FF and OT does not affect a specific transductional pathway,but rather directly inhibit a final common biochemical target such as the NADPH oxidase enzyme and/or scavenges ROS.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that some of these plants extracts/fractions were able to modulate significantly immune response of phagocytes and monocytes at different steps,emphasizing their potential as a source of new natural alternative immunomodulatory agents.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the inhibitory activity of ten culinary herbs and spices namely on glucose-mediated glycation(GMG) and fructose-mediated glycation(FMG) of bovine serum albumin.Methods: Fluorescence was used ...Objective: To investigate the inhibitory activity of ten culinary herbs and spices namely on glucose-mediated glycation(GMG) and fructose-mediated glycation(FMG) of bovine serum albumin.Methods: Fluorescence was used as an index of albumin glycation using glucose and fructose as substrates in the presence of infusions and ethanolic extracts of ten culinary herbs and spices. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using reducing power,metal ion chelating and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Phytochemicals profile was analysed using 13 standard methods.Results: FMG was found to be significantly higher than GMG(95 and 84 AU,respectively; P < 0.05). Infusions and ethanolic extracts showed significant(P < 0.05)inhibitory activity on both GMG and FMG when compared to appropriate controls. No significant difference(P > 0.05) was found in the percentage glycation inhibitory activity of infusions compared to ethanolic extracts. The mean percentage inhibitory activity of the extracts for GMG(45.9%) and for FMG(45.1%) was not significantly different(P > 0.05). Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, reducing sugars, proteins, phenols,saponins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides.Conclusions: The higher rate of fluorescence generation by fructation suggests that glycation by fructose deserves much attention as a glycating agent. Data herein showed that the extracts inhibited GMG and FMG. Thus, these edible plants could be a natural source of antioxidants and anti-glycation agent for preventing advanced glycation endproducts-mediated complications.展开更多
In the present study, the clinical effect of acupuncture, moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal herbs for treatment of 30 cases of vascular dementia (VD) was observed and their mechanisms were analyzed by determining the...In the present study, the clinical effect of acupuncture, moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal herbs for treatment of 30 cases of vascular dementia (VD) was observed and their mechanisms were analyzed by determining the activity of SOD, LPO and GSH-Px. Results showed that after 2 months’combined treatment, of the 30 cases, 12 had marked improvement, 15 had improvement and 3 had not any improvement, with an effective rate of 90%; the activity of SOD and GSH-Px increased considerably while the content of LPO lowered strikingly. There were significant differences between pre-and post-treatment in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px and the content of LPO (P<0. 01). It reveals that this method is capable of improving VD patients’ clinical symptoms and signs such as headache, dizziness, hemi-paralysis or hemianesthesia, forced crying and laughing, etc.and also raising the ability of the body in removing oxygen free radical, and suppressing peroxidization of free radical to reduce its products, thereby alleviating the toxic effect of oxygen free radical on the brain tissues.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62001023)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ20021)。
文摘Most methods for classifying hyperspectral data only consider the local spatial relation-ship among samples,ignoring the important non-local topological relationship.However,the non-local topological relationship is better at representing the structure of hyperspectral data.This paper proposes a deep learning model called Topology and semantic information fusion classification network(TSFnet)that incorporates a topology structure and semantic information transmis-sion network to accurately classify traditional Chinese medicine in hyperspectral images.TSFnet uses a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract features and a graph convolution network(GCN)to capture potential topological relationships among different types of Chinese herbal medicines.The results show that TSFnet outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning classification algorithms in two different scenarios of herbal medicine datasets.Additionally,the proposed TSFnet model is lightweight and can be easily deployed for mobile herbal medicine classification.
文摘Chinese tonifying herbs, which are classified into four functional categories (namely, Yang, Qi, Yin, Blood) are commonly used for restoring normal body function and the prevention of diseases. To explore cell-based biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese herbs, we investigate the effect of 11 commonly used Blood-enriching herbs on erythropoietin (EPO) production in HepG2 cells. Herbs for nourishing Yin were tested for determining the specificity of Blood-enriching herbs in inducing EPO production. In addition, the effects of Blood-enriching herbs on nitric oxide (NO) production in both HepG2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also investigated. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of Blood-enriching herbs (but not Yin-nourishing herbs) showed characteristic pharmacological activity in inducing EPO production in HepG2 cells and NO release in HUVECs. The experimental findings, therefore, support the use of cell-based EPO production and NO release as biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese tonifying herbs.
文摘Hypertension(HTN)is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting over 30%of the adult population globally,with a growing incidence rate.This article aims to identify the commonly used herbs for HTN treatment and examine their claims,criticisms,and challenges.It further aims to provide useful recommendations regarding the use of herbs for HTN treatment.HTN complications,such as coronary heart disease,stroke,peripheral vascular disease,vision impairment,and renal failure can result in morbidity and mortality.The high cost of conventional medications,which sometimes may not even be available or easily accessible with their unfavorable side effects as well as taking more than one pill per day,has led hypertensive patients,particularly those in rural areas,to explore alternative treatments such as herbal therapies.It is crucial to determine the different modes of action,doses,safety,and efficacy of herbal remedies used in combination with conventional medications to improve treatment adherence and enhance patient outcomes.
文摘The increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism,which can cause endocrine dysfunction,abnormal neurological function,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injuries,poses serious health problems.Thyroid hormone supplementation constitutes the current main therapeutic method for hypothyroidism,yet it has many limitations and risks and is not suitable for everyone.Therefore,it is necessary to seek alternative and complementary treatment methods.It has been proven in practice that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)possesses multi-channel comprehensive characteristics for the treatment of hypothyroidism and has more advantages than single thyroid hormone supplementation.Through a comprehensive examination of existing literature about TCM efficacy in addressing hypothyroidism,we have meticulously consolidated the most recent research findings on prescriptions and herbal substances employed in the treatment of this condition.Furthermore,we have explicated their respective functions in the management of hypothyroidism,thereby offering valuable perspectives and recommendations for the prospective utilization of natural remedies in its treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81470828,No.81270472 and No.81070310Science and Tech-nology Program of Education Department of Jiangxi Province,No.GJJ13138Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20142BAB205048
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC), an idiopathic inflammatory disorder in the colon, has become a clinical challenge, owing to the increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The conventional treatments for UC including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants, induce remission in only half of patients. Meanwhile, the treatments often come with serious side effects which can be life-threatening. Herbal medicine, one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine modalities, has been introduced for centuries into clinical treatment of many human diseases such as infections and functional disorders. Recently, the potential effectiveness of herbs has been suggested as the treatment of UC, as shown by a variety of clinical trials and experimental studies. The herbs reported in the literature include aloe vera gel, butyrate, tormentil extracts, wheat grass juice, and curcumin. In the review, bioactivity of the herbs and their involvement in UC treatment are discussed.
文摘As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer's disease have been developed, including cholinergic neuron damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and cholinergic deficits leads to cognitive dysfunction and decline. Recent studies have linked diabetes as a risk factor in developing Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. The incidence of patients with type II diabetes and increased levels and activity of α-amylase is higher in patients with dementia. It has been shown that aromatherapy with essential oils from the mint family can improve cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease patients. Selected monoterpenoids from these essential oils are reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. Terpenoids are small, fat-soluble organic molecules that can transfer across nasal mucosa if inhaled, or penetrate through the skin after topical application, enter into the blood and cross the blood-brain barrier. Recent evidence supports the idea that the common constituents of essential oils also inhibit α-amylase, a starch digestive enzyme that plays an important role in the control of diabetes. The mint family is a fragrant plant family that contains most of the culinary herbs found in the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet is considered to be one of the healthiest diets in the world, and is found to be beneficial not only for the heart but also for the brain. Herbs used in this diet are rich in antioxidants that can prevent oxidative damage caused by free radicals. However, our study shows that they also contain biologically active compounds with potent α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Consumption of fresh herbs can help boost memory and reduce sugar levels in the body. The use of herbs as a functional food could lead to significant improvements in health. Cognitive stimulation with medical food and medical herbs could delay development of cognitive decline, and improve the quality of life of Alzheimer's disease patients. This effect can be enhanced if combined with aromatherapy, topically or by inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Terpenes and terpenoids, the primary constituents of these essential oils are small, lipid soluble organic molecules that can be absorbed through the skin or across nasal mucosa into the systemic blood circulation. Many terpenes can also cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, topical application or inhalation of essential oils will also produce a systemic effect.
基金Leading Project of Fujian Science and Technology Plan(2019Y6005)Innovation Fund Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2018C0041)+1 种基金Fujian Soft Science Research Project(2018ER019)Horizontal Project of School-enterprise Cooperation(104/KH180151A).
文摘Tonic Chinese herbs Pseudostellaria heterophylla has complex components,which has both medicinal and nutritional effects,and the clinical research on anti-oxidation of P.heterophylla has become a hotspot.By searching domestic and foreign databases,the antioxidant literatures of P.heterophylla were searched,consulted,sorted,classified and analyzed,and systematic reevaluation of antioxidant function was conducted from three aspects of P.heterophylla extract in vitro chemical method,biological method and animal test method according to evaluation criteria for antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medicine and Meta analysis statistical methods.The results would provide systematic reference for further research and development of P.heterophylla,especially for forage value excavation and development of P.heterophylla in the field of modern animal breeding.
文摘Tropical diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, account for a large number of deaths annually. Herbs are an excellent source of tropical medicines. Many advancements and discoveries have taken place in the field of drug discovery but still, a major population of tropical diseases relies on herbal traditional medicine. There are some challenges related to policy implementation, efficacy, resistance and toxicity of tropical medicines. There are many tropical diseases such as such as schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness, filariasis and chagas disease which are neglected because very few pharmaceutical companies have shown their interest in developing therapeutics against these diseases of poor people. There are many benefits associated with herbal medicine such as the cost of production, patient tolerance, large scale availability, efficacy, safety, potency, recyclability, and environment friendly. A large number of natural extracts such as curcumin, artemisinin, morphine, reserpine, and hypericin, are in use for treatment of different tropical diseases for a long time. The current review is to discuss the overview of tropical medicinal herbs, its scope and limitations in the modern drug discovery process.
文摘Isomeric triterpenic acids of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) both have very low ultraviolet absorption and always exist in the same plant, so the separation and simultaneous determination of them have been a difficult task. In this study, a sensitive method combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with HPLC-UV was developed for the extraction and determination of OA and UA in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs (CMHs). Variables influencing DLLME such as type and volume of extraction solvent, volume of dispersive solvent, ionic strength, aqueous phase pH, extraction time, centrifugation speed and time, and sample volume were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, both OA and UA attained favorable extraction efficiencies with enrichment factors 1378 and 933, respectively. The linear dynamic ranges of 0.07 - 30.4 μg?mL–1 for OA and 0.08 - 33.6 μg?mL–1 for UA were obtained with square correlation coefficients of 0.9963. The detection limits of OA and UA were both 0.02 μg?mL–1. The method recoveries ranged between 88.2% - 116.2% for OA and 85.7% - 108.2% for UA with the RSDs (n = 5) lower than 8.6%. The proposed method was successfully applied to concentrate and simultaneously determine these two triterpenic acids in Hedyotis diffusa and Eriobotrya japonica samples.
文摘BACKGROUND Many natural products confer health benefits against diverse diseases through their antioxidant activities.Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)is often used in animal experiments to study the effects of substances on liver injury and the related mechanisms of action,among which oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor.AIM To compare antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of ten herbs and identify and quantify phytochemicals for the one with strongest hepatoprotection.METHODS The antioxidant activity of ten medicinal herbs was determined by both ferricreducing antioxidant power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetry,respectively.Their effects on CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury were evaluated and compared in a mouse model by administrating each water extract(0.15 g/mL,10 mL/kg)once per day for seven consecutive days and a dose of CCl4 solution in olive oil(8%,v/v,10 mL/kg).The herb with the strongest hepatoprotective performance was analyzed for the detailed bioactive components by using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization source-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS The results revealed that all tested herbs attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury;each resulted in significant decreases in levels of serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,and triacylglycerols.In addition,most herbs restored hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities,glutathione levels,and reduced malondialdehyde levels.Sanguisorba officinalis(S.officinalis)L.,Coptis chinensis Franch.,and Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi root were the three most effective herbs,and S.officinalis L.exhibited the strongest hepatoprotective effect.Nine active components were identified in S.officinalis L.Gallic acid and(+)-catechin were quantified(7.86±0.45 mg/g and 8.19±0.57 mg/g dried weight,respectively).Furthermore,the tested herbs displayed a range of in vitro antioxidant activities proportional to their phenolic content;the strongest activities were also found for S.officinalis L.CONCLUSION This study is of value to assist the selection of more effective natural products for direct consumption and the development of nutraceuticals or therapeutics to manage oxidative stress-related diseases.
文摘This paper was conducted to monitor the effect of mixed essential oils (AROMIX@) as phytogenic extract herbs administration in drinking water on growth performance, hematological, biochemical, immunological statuses and carcass traits of broiler chickens. A total number of 240 unsexed broiler chicks (Cobb-500) strain, were randomly divided to four equal groups, 60 chicks each at seven days of age. The first group drank tap water (control), the second, third and fourth group were drank the same water, adding 1 ml AROMIX@per 5, 10 and 15 liter tap water, respectively for 5 week of age. It was cleared from the results that there was a significant improve in feed conversion ratio, red and white blood cell counts, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and a relative reduction in the liver enzymes but in the normal range. However, it was observed that mix essential oils have no significant impact on carcass organs. High levels of the vital parameters, low levels of hepatic enzymes showed that birds health was good and relative improvement in immune system. The relative improvement of the absorption of minerals such as calcium and inorganic phosphorus to the positive role of essential oils. Administration in drank water was occasion, a regular activity of hepatic enzymes which can evidence safety and hepato-protective nature of these oils. Therefore, it is cleared from the results that the addition of these extract herbs in drinking water enhances the health meat, performance and physiological status of broiler chicks, which helps to obtain healthy meat and suitable for human consumption.
文摘Background: Spasm is one of the most serious physical impairment after stroke. the external-application herbs have showed some effects on the spasm. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the external-application herbs and physical therapy in upper limb spasticity after stroke. Methods: A total of 100 patients with upper limb spasm after stroke (stroke time less than 1 month), have been recruited in Shun-yi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Patients will be randomly allotted to one of two groups (N = 50, respectively): the TCM external application group, and the usual rehab (conventional physical therapy and medication treatment) group. The two groups will be administered once a month for three months. The primary outcome will be Modified Athworth Scale (MAS) and the simplified scale (Fugl-Meyer assessment, FMA) for upper limb. Results: Muscle tension and motor function were evaluated before and 4 weeks after treatments. There was a significant improvement in muscle tension and motor function in patients with stroke after the external-application herbs and physical therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in kinematics in patients with stroke.
文摘Anguo,known as Qizhou in ancient time,its herbs industry began in Song Dynasty,boomed in Ming,and flourished in Qing.During the development of Qizhou herbs industry,a number of special processing techniques of Chinese Materia Medicine were produced."Qizhou's Four Uniqueness",of which,the most representative medicine includes"Hundred pieces areca","Cicada feather of Qingxia","Yunpian deer antler"and"Pound Rhinoceros unicornis L".To investigate the present inheritance situation of the traditional processing technology of Chinese Materia Medicine in Anguo herbs market,we will consult literature including the ancient books and records,Anguo local chronicles and visit the inheritors of the traditional processing technology in Anguo,and research the processing technology historical origin.This study aims to create the Anguo herbs cultural card,and enrich the cultural heritage of Chinese medicine industry of Anguo country even Hebei province.
文摘Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during the last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in human health and disease. To evaluate elemental contents of some commonly used as health promoter and fever, 5 medicine herbs (stems) namely Guduchi, Vach, Mulahati, Joytishmati and Vidhara have been analyzed for four minor (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and eight trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometry. Their accuracy was measured by replicate analyses. In general, elemental contents were found in varying amounts with large range. It is observed that many of medicinal herbs are enriched in one or more elements. Since these elements are bioavailable in natural form, probably in combination with organic constituents, these are likely to be easily assimilated by human bodies. Besides them, two toxic elements Ni and Cd were also found in insignificant amounts as these are likely to have originated from environmental contamination.
文摘The linkage between Qi and mitochondria was investigated by exploring the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Qi-invigorating herbs on mitochondrial function at the biochemical and molecular levels. Three Chinese herbs (<i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Astragali radix</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Herba cistanche</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Panax ginseng</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i>) were used to treat cultured mouse kidney cells and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured. The Qi-invigorating herb, <i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Astragali radix</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i>, was selected for further </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">study using additional biological and molecular parameters, including ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP),</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mtDNA copies, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), cell growth, cell viability and transcriptomes. We also chose two concentrations of <i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Astragali radix</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i> to study the hormetic effect. The results indicated that: 1) Qi-invigorating herbs have significant effects on the function of mitochondria, with ATP production and the antioxidant capacity being significantly enhanced, and ROS le</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vels being reduced, allowing for a more optimal oxidation environment. The effect of the herbs followed a hormetic curve with a stimulating effect at lower</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">doses but an inhibiting effect at high doses;2) The growth of the cells was not</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">affected despite numerous biochemical changes associated with mitochondrial</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">function, indicating the powerful ability of mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis;3) The up-regulation of NOCT gene, related to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) synthesis, offers a molecular basis for the ATP-promoting effect of the Qi-invigorating herbs. This work provides additional insight into the efficacy of TCM herbs from a western perspective.
基金the Tertiary Education Commission,the University of Mauritius,H.E.J.Research Institute of Chemistry,ICCBS,and Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicines and Drug Research,University of Karachi,Pakistan,for financial support
文摘Objective:To evaluate in vitro immunomodulating properties and potential cytotoxicity of six tropical medicinal herbs and food plants namely Antidesma madagascariense(Euphorbiaceae) (AM),Erylhroxylum macrocarpum(Erythroxylaceae)(EM),Faujasiopsis flexuosa(Asteraceae) (FF),Pittosporum senacia(Pittosporaceae)(PS),Momordica charantia(Cucurbitaceae)(MC) and Orimum tenuiflorum(Lamiaceae)(Of).Methods:Initially,the crude water and methanol extracts were probed for their capacity to trigger immune cells’ NADPH oxidase and MPO-dependent activities as measured by lucigenin- and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence,respectively; as compared to receptor-dependent(serum opsonised zymosan- OPZ) or receptor-independent phorbol myristerate acetate(PMA).Results:Preliminary screening on whole human blood oxidative buret activity showed significant and concentration-dependent immunomodulating properties of three plants AM,FF and OT.Further investigations of the fractions on isolated human polymorphonuclear cells(PMNs) and mice monocytes using two different pathways for activation of phagocytic oxidative burst showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent extract. None of the active samples had cell-death effects on human PMNs,under the assay conditions as determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay.Since PMA and OPZ NADPH oxidase complex is activated via different transduction pathways,these results suggest that AM,FF and OT does not affect a specific transductional pathway,but rather directly inhibit a final common biochemical target such as the NADPH oxidase enzyme and/or scavenges ROS.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that some of these plants extracts/fractions were able to modulate significantly immune response of phagocytes and monocytes at different steps,emphasizing their potential as a source of new natural alternative immunomodulatory agents.
基金Supported by University of Mauritius and the Tertiary Education Commission for financial support(Project code Q0024)
文摘Objective: To investigate the inhibitory activity of ten culinary herbs and spices namely on glucose-mediated glycation(GMG) and fructose-mediated glycation(FMG) of bovine serum albumin.Methods: Fluorescence was used as an index of albumin glycation using glucose and fructose as substrates in the presence of infusions and ethanolic extracts of ten culinary herbs and spices. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using reducing power,metal ion chelating and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Phytochemicals profile was analysed using 13 standard methods.Results: FMG was found to be significantly higher than GMG(95 and 84 AU,respectively; P < 0.05). Infusions and ethanolic extracts showed significant(P < 0.05)inhibitory activity on both GMG and FMG when compared to appropriate controls. No significant difference(P > 0.05) was found in the percentage glycation inhibitory activity of infusions compared to ethanolic extracts. The mean percentage inhibitory activity of the extracts for GMG(45.9%) and for FMG(45.1%) was not significantly different(P > 0.05). Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, reducing sugars, proteins, phenols,saponins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides.Conclusions: The higher rate of fluorescence generation by fructation suggests that glycation by fructose deserves much attention as a glycating agent. Data herein showed that the extracts inhibited GMG and FMG. Thus, these edible plants could be a natural source of antioxidants and anti-glycation agent for preventing advanced glycation endproducts-mediated complications.
文摘In the present study, the clinical effect of acupuncture, moxibustion plus Chinese medicinal herbs for treatment of 30 cases of vascular dementia (VD) was observed and their mechanisms were analyzed by determining the activity of SOD, LPO and GSH-Px. Results showed that after 2 months’combined treatment, of the 30 cases, 12 had marked improvement, 15 had improvement and 3 had not any improvement, with an effective rate of 90%; the activity of SOD and GSH-Px increased considerably while the content of LPO lowered strikingly. There were significant differences between pre-and post-treatment in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px and the content of LPO (P<0. 01). It reveals that this method is capable of improving VD patients’ clinical symptoms and signs such as headache, dizziness, hemi-paralysis or hemianesthesia, forced crying and laughing, etc.and also raising the ability of the body in removing oxygen free radical, and suppressing peroxidization of free radical to reduce its products, thereby alleviating the toxic effect of oxygen free radical on the brain tissues.
