Over the years, it was getting attention to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injected drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. This study investigated the frequency of risky behavior...Over the years, it was getting attention to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injected drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. This study investigated the frequency of risky behaviors for HCV carriers and IDUs who were HIV carriers in methadone maintenance treatment program. The subjects, intravenously injected heroin abusers, were collected from a special methadone maintenance treatment clinic. The survey included characteristics of participants, sexual activity and attitude towards condom usage. The total number of subjects was 151. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0. The analytical methods included descriptive analysis, Fisher’s exact test, and the logistic regression model. The study showed that 82% of intravenously injected heroin abusers were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive, and 44.4% were hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive;89.5% of HIV-positive heroin abusers were type C hepatitis positive. Only 21.2% of these intra-venously injected heroin abusers always used a condom, and 39.7% never used a condom during sexual activity. Logistic regression analysis showed smoking, sharing syringes needles, HBV status and condom use status were four main risk factors on HIV infection. Sharing or using contaminated syringes needles was the main cause of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection in the drug addiction group. Since our government has the policy of providing a methadone maintenance treatment program, the spread of HIV is under control, but knowledge about HIV and safe sex education still needs improvement.展开更多
In this study,we investigated alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin abusers using functional magnetic resonance imaging.We found that,compared with normal ...In this study,we investigated alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin abusers using functional magnetic resonance imaging.We found that,compared with normal controls,in heroin abusers the left prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left hippocampus,right anterior cingulate,left middle frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus and right precuneus.However,the right prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left orbital frontal cortex and the left middle frontal gyrus in chronic heroin abusers.These alterations of resting-state functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortices of heroin abusers suggest that their frontal executive neural network may be impaired,and that this may contribute to their continued heroin abuse and relapse after withdrawal.展开更多
This works intends to provide numerical solutions based on the nonlinear fractional order derivatives of the classical White and Comiskey model(NFD-WCM).The fractional order derivatives have provided authentic and acc...This works intends to provide numerical solutions based on the nonlinear fractional order derivatives of the classical White and Comiskey model(NFD-WCM).The fractional order derivatives have provided authentic and accurate solutions for the NDF-WCM.The solutions of the fractional NFD-WCM are provided using the stochastic computing supervised algorithm named Levenberg-Marquard Backpropagation(LMB)based on neural networks(NNs).This regression approach combines gradient descent and Gauss-Newton iterative methods,which means finding a solution through the sequences of different calculations.WCM is used to demonstrate the heroin epidemics.Heroin has been on-growth world wide,mainly in Asia,Europe,and the USA.It is the fourth foremost cause of death due to taking an overdose in the USA.The nonlinear mathematical system NFD-WCM discusses the overall circumstance of different drug users,such as suspected groups,drug users without treatment,and drug users with treatment.The numerical results of NFD-WCM via LMB-NNs have been substantiated through training,testing,and validation measures.The stability and accuracy are then checked through the statistical tool,such asmean square error(MSE),error histogram,and fitness curves.The suggested methodology’s strength is demonstrated by the high convergence between the reference solutions and the solutions generated by adding the efficacy of a constructed solver LMB-NNs,with accuracy levels ranging from 10?9 to 10?10.展开更多
为研究氯胺酮滥用对长期依赖者认知功能的影响,在线检索了PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science英文数据库,中国知网和万方数据平台中文数据库,检索日期截至2022年1月。两名研究者各自独立提取文献信息,提取数据后应用Stata 14.0...为研究氯胺酮滥用对长期依赖者认知功能的影响,在线检索了PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science英文数据库,中国知网和万方数据平台中文数据库,检索日期截至2022年1月。两名研究者各自独立提取文献信息,提取数据后应用Stata 14.0软件计算标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD),95%可信区间(95%confi dence interval,95%CI)以及异质性。结果显示,最终符合标准的研究有8项,其中观察组285例,健康对照组345例。Meta分析结果表明,与健康对照组相比,氯胺酮滥用损害依赖者的认知处理速度(SMD=-1.16,95%CI:-1.48~-0.83,z=7.05,P<0.001)、言语记忆(SMD=-0.72,95%CI:-1.22~-0.22,z=-2.803,P=0.005)、视觉记忆(SMD=-0.70,95%CI:-1.18~-0.23,z=-2.890,P=0.004),且差异有统计学意义;而对于工作记忆(SMD=-0.05,95%CI:-0.66~0.55,z=0.18,P=0.859)和执行能力(SMD=0.19,95%CI:-0.27~0.66,z=0.81,P=0.418)的影响无统计学差异(P>0.05)。该结果说明,氯胺酮长期滥用可以显著损害依赖者的认知处理速度、言语记忆和视觉记忆,但未发现其对工作记忆与执行能力有显著作用。展开更多
文摘Over the years, it was getting attention to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injected drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. This study investigated the frequency of risky behaviors for HCV carriers and IDUs who were HIV carriers in methadone maintenance treatment program. The subjects, intravenously injected heroin abusers, were collected from a special methadone maintenance treatment clinic. The survey included characteristics of participants, sexual activity and attitude towards condom usage. The total number of subjects was 151. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0. The analytical methods included descriptive analysis, Fisher’s exact test, and the logistic regression model. The study showed that 82% of intravenously injected heroin abusers were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive, and 44.4% were hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive;89.5% of HIV-positive heroin abusers were type C hepatitis positive. Only 21.2% of these intra-venously injected heroin abusers always used a condom, and 39.7% never used a condom during sexual activity. Logistic regression analysis showed smoking, sharing syringes needles, HBV status and condom use status were four main risk factors on HIV infection. Sharing or using contaminated syringes needles was the main cause of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection in the drug addiction group. Since our government has the policy of providing a methadone maintenance treatment program, the spread of HIV is under control, but knowledge about HIV and safe sex education still needs improvement.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973084
文摘In this study,we investigated alterations in the resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin abusers using functional magnetic resonance imaging.We found that,compared with normal controls,in heroin abusers the left prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left hippocampus,right anterior cingulate,left middle frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus and right precuneus.However,the right prefrontal cortex showed decreased functional connectivity with the left orbital frontal cortex and the left middle frontal gyrus in chronic heroin abusers.These alterations of resting-state functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortices of heroin abusers suggest that their frontal executive neural network may be impaired,and that this may contribute to their continued heroin abuse and relapse after withdrawal.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （#30870685） and Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Development Projection （#2008k12-02）.
基金National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Khon Kaen University:N42A650291.
文摘This works intends to provide numerical solutions based on the nonlinear fractional order derivatives of the classical White and Comiskey model(NFD-WCM).The fractional order derivatives have provided authentic and accurate solutions for the NDF-WCM.The solutions of the fractional NFD-WCM are provided using the stochastic computing supervised algorithm named Levenberg-Marquard Backpropagation(LMB)based on neural networks(NNs).This regression approach combines gradient descent and Gauss-Newton iterative methods,which means finding a solution through the sequences of different calculations.WCM is used to demonstrate the heroin epidemics.Heroin has been on-growth world wide,mainly in Asia,Europe,and the USA.It is the fourth foremost cause of death due to taking an overdose in the USA.The nonlinear mathematical system NFD-WCM discusses the overall circumstance of different drug users,such as suspected groups,drug users without treatment,and drug users with treatment.The numerical results of NFD-WCM via LMB-NNs have been substantiated through training,testing,and validation measures.The stability and accuracy are then checked through the statistical tool,such asmean square error(MSE),error histogram,and fitness curves.The suggested methodology’s strength is demonstrated by the high convergence between the reference solutions and the solutions generated by adding the efficacy of a constructed solver LMB-NNs,with accuracy levels ranging from 10?9 to 10?10.
文摘为研究氯胺酮滥用对长期依赖者认知功能的影响,在线检索了PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science英文数据库,中国知网和万方数据平台中文数据库,检索日期截至2022年1月。两名研究者各自独立提取文献信息,提取数据后应用Stata 14.0软件计算标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD),95%可信区间(95%confi dence interval,95%CI)以及异质性。结果显示,最终符合标准的研究有8项,其中观察组285例,健康对照组345例。Meta分析结果表明,与健康对照组相比,氯胺酮滥用损害依赖者的认知处理速度(SMD=-1.16,95%CI:-1.48~-0.83,z=7.05,P<0.001)、言语记忆(SMD=-0.72,95%CI:-1.22~-0.22,z=-2.803,P=0.005)、视觉记忆(SMD=-0.70,95%CI:-1.18~-0.23,z=-2.890,P=0.004),且差异有统计学意义;而对于工作记忆(SMD=-0.05,95%CI:-0.66~0.55,z=0.18,P=0.859)和执行能力(SMD=0.19,95%CI:-0.27~0.66,z=0.81,P=0.418)的影响无统计学差异(P>0.05)。该结果说明,氯胺酮长期滥用可以显著损害依赖者的认知处理速度、言语记忆和视觉记忆,但未发现其对工作记忆与执行能力有显著作用。
