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Heterotrimeric G protein α subunit is involved in rice brassinosteroid response 被引量:31
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作者 Lei Wang Yun-Yuan Xu +3 位作者 Qi-Bin Ma Dan Li Zhi-Hong Xu Kang Chong 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第12期916-922,共7页
Heterotrimeric G proteins are known to function as messengers in numerous signal transduction pathways.The nullmutation of RGA(rice heterotrimeric G protein α subunit),which encodes the α subunit of heterotrimeric G... Heterotrimeric G proteins are known to function as messengers in numerous signal transduction pathways.The nullmutation of RGA(rice heterotrimeric G protein α subunit),which encodes the α subunit of heterotrimeric G proteinin rice,causes severe dwarfism and reduced responsiveness to gibberellic acid in rice.However,less is known aboutheterotrimeric G protein in brassinosteroid(BR)signaling,one of the well-understood phytohormone pathways.In thepresent study,we used root elongation inhibition assay,lamina inclination assay and coleoptile elongation analysis todemonstrated reduced sensitivity of dl mutant plants(caused by the null mutation of RGA)to 24-epibrassinolide(24-epiBL),which belongs to brassinosteroids and plays a wide variety of roles in plant growth and development.Moreover,RGA transcript level was decreased in 24-epiBL-treated seedlings in a dose-dependent manner.Our results show thatRGA is involved in rice brassinosteroid response,which may be beneficial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Gprotein signaling and provide a novel perspective to understand BR signaling in higher plants. 展开更多
关键词 heterotrimeric G protein α subunit dl mutant BR signaling RICE
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Heterotrimeric G-protein is involved in phytochrome A-mediated cell death of Arabidopsis hypocotyls 被引量:4
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作者 Qing Wei Wenbin Zhou Guangzhen Hu Jiamian Wei Hongquan Yang Jirong Huang 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第9期949-960,共12页
The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) has been demonstrated to mediate various signaling pathways in plants. However, its role in phytochrome A (phyA) signaling remains elusive. In this... The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) has been demonstrated to mediate various signaling pathways in plants. However, its role in phytochrome A (phyA) signaling remains elusive. In this study, we discover a new phyA-mediated phenotype designated far-red irradiation (FR) preconditioned cell death, which occurs only in the hypocotyls of FR-grown seedlings following exposure to white light (WL). The cell death is mitigated in the Gα mutant gpal but aggravated in the Gβ mutant agbl in comparison with the wild type (WT), indicative of antagonistic roles of GPA1 and AGBI in the phyA-mediated cell-death pathway. Further investigation indicates that FR-induced accumulation of nonphotoconvertible protochlorophyllide (Pchlide^633), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) on exposure to WL, is required for FR-preconditioned cell death. Moreover, ROS is mainly detected in chloroplasts using the fluorescent probe. Interestingly, the application of H2O2 to dark-grown seedlings results in a phenotype similar to FR-preconditioned cell death. This reveals that ROS is a critical mediator for the ceil death. In addition, we observe that agb1 is more sensitive to H2O2 than WT seedlings, indicating that the G-protein may also modify the sensitivity of the seedlings to ROS stress. Taking these results together, we infer that the G-protein may be involved in the phyA signaling pathway to regulate FR-preconditioned cell death ofArabidopsis hypocotyls. A possible mechanism underlying the involvement of the G-protein in phyA signaling is discussed in this study. 展开更多
关键词 heterotrimeric G protein phytochrome A ROS cell death Pchlide
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Oryza CLIMtools:A genome–environment association resource reveals adaptive roles for heterotrimeric G proteins in the regulation of rice agronomic traits
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作者 Angel Ferrero-Serrano David Chakravorty +1 位作者 Kobie J.Kirven Sarah M.Assmann 《Plant Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期145-165,共21页
Modern crop varieties display a degree of mismatch between their current distributions and the suitability of the local climate for their productivity.To address this issue,we present Oryza CLIMtools(https://gramene.o... Modern crop varieties display a degree of mismatch between their current distributions and the suitability of the local climate for their productivity.To address this issue,we present Oryza CLIMtools(https://gramene.org/CLIMtools/oryza_v1.0/),thefirst resource for pan-genome prediction of climate-associated genetic variants in a crop species.Oryza CLIMtools consists of interactive web-based databases that enable the user to(1)explore the local environments of traditional rice varieties(landraces)in South-East Asia and(2)investigate the environment by genome associations for 658 Indica and 283 Japonica rice landrace accessions collected from georeferenced local environments and included in the 3K Rice Ge-nomes Project.We demonstrate the value of these resources by identifying an interplay betweenflowering time and temperature in the local environment that is facilitated by adaptive natural variation in OsHD2 and disrupted by a natural variant in OsSOC1.Prior quantitative trait locus analysis has suggested the impor-tance of heterotrimeric G proteins in the control of agronomic traits.Accordingly,we analyzed the climate associations of natural variants in the different heterotrimeric G protein subunits.We identified a coordi-nated role of G proteins in adaptation to the prevailing potential evapotranspiration gradient and revealed their regulation of key agronomic traits,including plant height and seed and panicle length.We conclude by highlighting the prospect of targeting heterotrimeric G proteins to produce climate-resilient crops. 展开更多
关键词 Oryza sativa RICE G by E adaptation flowering time GWAS OsHD2 OsSOC1 heterotrimeric G pro-tein OsRGA1 d1 OsGS3 OsDEP1 OsGGC2
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Extracellular ATP Promotes Stomatal Opening of Arabidopsis thaliana through Heterotrimeric G Protein α Subunit and Reactive Oxygen Species 被引量:16
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作者 Li-Hua Hao Wei-Xia Wang +4 位作者 Chen Chen Yu-Fang wang Ting Liu Xia Li Zhong-Lin Shang 《Molecular Plant》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第4期852-864,共13页
In recent years, adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) has been reported to exist in apoplasts of plant cells as a signal molecule. Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress t... In recent years, adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) has been reported to exist in apoplasts of plant cells as a signal molecule. Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Here, extra- cellular ATP was found to promote stomatal opening of Arabidopsis thaliana in light and darkness. ADP, GTP, and weakly hydrolyzable ATP analogs (ATPγS, Bz-ATP, and 2meATP) showed similar effects, whereas AMP and adenosine did not affect stomatal movement. Apyrase inhibited stomatal opening. ATP-promoted stomatal opening was blocked by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium) or deoxidizer (dithiothreitol), and was impaired in null mutant of NADPH ox- idase (atrbohD/F). Added ATP triggered ROS generation in guard cells via NADPH oxidase. ATP also induced Ca^2+ influx and H + efflux in guard cells. In atrbohD/F, ATP-induced ion flux was strongly suppressed. In null mutants of the heterotrimeric G protein α subunit, ATP-promoted stomatal opening, cytoplasmic ROS generation, Ca^2+ influx, and ^H+ efflux were all sup- pressed. These results indicated that eATP-promoted stomatal opening possibly involves the heterotrimeric G protein, ROS, cytosolic Ca^2+, and plasma membrane H+-ATPase. 展开更多
关键词 Extracellular ATP stomatal movement Arabidopsis thaliana heterotrimeric G protein reactive oxygenspecies.
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Involvement of heterotrimeric G protein in signal transduc-tion of extracellular calmodu-lin in regulating rbcS expression 被引量:1
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作者 Guo, Y Ma, LG +1 位作者 Zhang, L Sun, DY 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2001年第9期761-765,共5页
The role of heterotrimeric G protein in signal transduction pathway of extracellular calmodulin in regulating rbcS expression was examined in suspension-cultured cells of transgenic tobacco. Pharmalogical experiments ... The role of heterotrimeric G protein in signal transduction pathway of extracellular calmodulin in regulating rbcS expression was examined in suspension-cultured cells of transgenic tobacco. Pharmalogical experiments indicated that G protein agonist cholera toxin enhanced rbcS expression and heterotrimeric G protein antagonist pertussis toxin inhibited rbcS expression in transgenic tobacco cells. Pertussis toxin also inhibited the enhancement effect caused by exogenous purified calmodulin on rbcS expression, whereas cholera toxin completely reversed the inhibitory effects caused by anti-calmodulin serum on rbcS expression. The right side-out vesicles from tobacco cell membrane were purified, which contained all of substrates for fluometric assay of GTPase activity. Exogenous purified calmodulin, when adding directly to the medium of plasma membrane vesicles, significantly activated GTPase activity in the right side-out plasma membrane vesicles, and this increase in GTPase activity was completely 展开更多
关键词 EXTRACELLULAR CALMODULIN heterotrimeric G proteins RBCS expression.
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Activation effect of extracellular calmodulin on heterotrimeric G protein in pollen plasma membrane
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作者 Xiaodong Xu Ligeng Ma +1 位作者 Ying Sun Daye Sun 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 1999年第2期190-191,共2页
IN recent years, calmodulin (CaM), an important Ca<sup>2+</sup> receptor and constituent of cellular signal transduction systems, has been found extracellularly. We have verified that CaM is presented ex... IN recent years, calmodulin (CaM), an important Ca<sup>2+</sup> receptor and constituent of cellular signal transduction systems, has been found extracellularly. We have verified that CaM is presented extracellularly in all of plant species we have examined. In addition, we have reported that extracellular CaM has some biological significance, such as stimulation of cell proliferation, cell wall regeneration, initiation of pollen germination and tube growth and inducement of rbcS gene expression. The role of heterotrimeric G proteins in pollen germination, tube growth and signal transduction of extracellular CaM has been examined in Lily pollen, and two kinds of antibodies against animal Gzα internal sequence and N-terminal 展开更多
关键词 Activation effect of extracellular calmodulin on heterotrimeric G protein in pollen plasma membrane GTPASE
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G-protein β subunit AGB1 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
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作者 MA Ya-nan CHEN Ming +8 位作者 XU Dong-bei FANG Guang-ning WANG Er-hui GAO Shi-qing XU Zhao-shi LI Lian-cheng ZHANG Xiao-hong MIN Dong-hong MA You-zhi 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第2期314-325,共12页
The heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins(G-proteins) in eukaryotes consisted of α, β and γ subunits and are important in molecular signaling by interacting with G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCR), on which to tra... The heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins(G-proteins) in eukaryotes consisted of α, β and γ subunits and are important in molecular signaling by interacting with G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCR), on which to transduce signaling into the cytoplast through appropriate downstream effectors. However, downstream effectors regulated by the G-proteins in plants are currently not well defined. In this study, the transcripts of AGB1, a G protein β subunit gene in Arabidopsis were found to be down-regulated by cold and heat, but up-regulated by high salt stress treatment. AGB1 mutant(agb1-2) was more sensitive to high salt stress than wild-type(WT). Compared with WT, the cotyledon greening rates, fresh weight, root length, seedling germination rates and survival rates decreased more rapidly in agb1-2 along with increasing concentrations of Na Cl in normal(MS) medium. Physiological characteristic analysis showed that compared to WT, the contents of chlorophyll, relative proline accumulation and peroxidase(POD) were reduced, whereas the malonaldehyde(MDA) content and concentration ratio of Na+/K+ were increased in agb1-2 under salt stress condition. Further studies on the expression of several stress inducible genes associated with above physiological processes were investigated, and the results revealed that the expressions of genes related to proline biosynthesis, oxidative stress response, Na+ homeostasis, stress- and ABAresponses were lower in agb1-2 than in WT, suggesting that those genes are possible downstream genes of AGB1 and that their changed expression plays an important role in determining phenotypic and physiologic traits in agb1-2. Taken together, these findings indicate that AGB1 positively regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through its modulation of genes transcription related to proline biosynthesis, oxidative stress, ion homeostasis, stress- and ABA-responses. 展开更多
关键词 ARABIDOPSIS heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit physiological processes salt stress tolerance
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Asperochones A and B,two antimicrobial aromatic polyketides from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.MMC-2
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作者 Hong Zhang Cui-Ping Li +4 位作者 Li-Li Wang Zhuo-Da Zhou Wen-Sen Li Ling-Yi Kong Ming-Hua Yang 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第9期206-209,共4页
Two novel fungal metabolites,asperochones A and B,were obtained from an Aspergillus sp.Their structures were determined by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,high resolution electrospray ionization mass... Two novel fungal metabolites,asperochones A and B,were obtained from an Aspergillus sp.Their structures were determined by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HRESIMS),and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Asperochone A possesses an intriguing skeleton bearing 5/6/6/6/7/5/5/5 octacyclic ring system,and asperochone B also exhibits an unusual carbon skeleton with five stereochiral centers.Their structures were proposed as heterotrimeric and heterodimeric products of aromatic polyketides.In addition,asperochone A exhibited a potential anti-tuberculosis effect since it showed a moderate potency against Mycobacterium smegmatis. 展开更多
关键词 Aspergillus sp. Asperochones A and B Aromatic polyketides heterotrimeric compound Anti-tuberculosis effect Antifibrotic activity
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Arabidopsis EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEIN 1(XLG1) functions together with XLG2 and XLG3 in PAMP-triggered MAPK activation and immunity 被引量:1
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作者 Yiping Wang Hailei Zhang +6 位作者 Pengxi Wang Huan Zhong Wuzhen Liu Shoudong Zhang Liming Xiong Yingying Wu Yiji Xia 《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期825-837,共13页
Pattern-triggered immunity(PTI) is an essential strategy used by plants to deploy broad-spectrum resistance against pathogen attacks. Heterotrimeric G proteins have been reported to contribute to PTI.Of the three non-... Pattern-triggered immunity(PTI) is an essential strategy used by plants to deploy broad-spectrum resistance against pathogen attacks. Heterotrimeric G proteins have been reported to contribute to PTI.Of the three non-canonical EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEINs(XLGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana, XLG2 and XLG3 were shown to positively regulate immunity,but XLG1 was not considered to function in defense,based on the analysis of a weak xlg1 allele.In this study, we characterized the xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple knockout mutants generated from an xlg1 knockout allele. The strong xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple mutants compromised pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)-triggered activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and resistance to pathogen infection. The three XLGs interacted with MAPK cascade proteins involved in defense signaling, including the MAPK kinase kinases MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5, the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5, and the MAPKs MPK3 and MPK6. Expressing a constitutively active form of MKK4 restored MAPK activation and partially recovered the compromised disease resistance seen in the strong xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple mutant. Furthermore, mutations of all three XLGs largely restored the phenotype of the autoimmunity mutant bak1-interacting receptor-like kinase 1. Our study reveals that all three XLGs function redundantly in PAMP-triggered MAPK activation and plant immunity. 展开更多
关键词 ARABIDOPSIS heterotrimeric G protein MAPK cascade plant immunity XLG1 XLG2
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Photoexcited CRYPTOCHROME 1 Interacts Directly with G-Protein 13 Subunit AGB1 to Regulate the DNA-Binding Activity of HY5 and Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis 被引量:13
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作者 Hongli Lian Pengbo Xu +8 位作者 Shengbo He Jun Wu Jian Pan Wenxiu Wang Feng Xu Sheng Wang Junsong Pan Jirong Huang Hong-Quan Yang 《Molecular Plant》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第10期1248-1263,共16页
Light and the heterotrimeric G-protein are known to antagonistically regulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. However, whether light and G-protein coordinate the regulation of photomorphogenesis is largely unknown.... Light and the heterotrimeric G-protein are known to antagonistically regulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. However, whether light and G-protein coordinate the regulation of photomorphogenesis is largely unknown. Here we show that the blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) physically inter-acts with the G-protein β subunit, AGB1, in a blue light-dependent manner. We also show that AGB1 directly interacts with HY5, a basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor that acts as a critical positive regulator of photomorphogenesis, to inhibit its DNA-binding activity. Genetic studies suggest that CRY1 acts partially through AGB1, and AGB1 acts partially through HY5 to regulate photomorphogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that blue light-triggered interaction of CRY1 with AGB1 promotes the dissociation of HY5 from AGB1. Our results suggest that the CRY1 signaling mechanism involves positive regulation of the DNA-binding activity of HY5 mediated by the CRY1-AGB1 interaction, which inhibits the association of AGB1 with HY5. We propose that the antagonistic regulation of HY5 DNA-binding activity by CRY1 and AGB1 may allow plants to balance light and G-protein signaling and optimize photomorphogenesis. 展开更多
关键词 ARABIDOPSIS CRYPTOCHROME heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit AGB1 HY5 PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS
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Control of grain size by G protein signaling in rice 被引量:7
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作者 Ran Xu Na Li Yunhai Li 《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第5期533-540,共8页
Heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes by sensing and transducing various signals. G protein signaling in plants is quite different from that in animals, and the mechanisms... Heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes by sensing and transducing various signals. G protein signaling in plants is quite different from that in animals, and the mechanisms of plant G protein signaling are still largely unknown. Several recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of G protein signaling in rice grain size and yield control. In this review,we summarize recent advances on the function of G proteins in rice grain size control and discuss the potential genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant G protein signaling. 展开更多
关键词 heterotrimeric G PROTEINS CELLULAR processes in EUKARYOTES G PROTEIN SIGNALING
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Phytochrome B and AGB1 Coordinately Regulate Photomorphogenesis by Antagonistically Modulating PIF3 Stability in Arabidopsis 被引量:7
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作者 Pengbo Xu Hongli Lian +6 位作者 Feng Xu Ting Zhang Sheng Wang Wenxiu Wang Shasha Du Jirong Huang Hong-Quan Yang 《Molecular Plant》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第2期229-247,共19页
Phytochrome B (phyB), the primary red light photoreceptor, promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor PIF3 and inducing its phosphorylation and deg... Phytochrome B (phyB), the primary red light photoreceptor, promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor PIF3 and inducing its phosphorylation and degradation. Heterotrimeric G proteins are known to regulate various developmental processes in plants and animals. In Arabidopsis, the G-protein β subunit AGB1 is known to repress photomorphogenesis. However, whether and how phyB and AGB1 coordinately regulate photomorphogenesis are largely unknown. Here we show that phyB physically interacts with AGB1 in a red light-dependent manner and that AGB1 interacts directly with PIF3. Moreover, we demonstrate that the AGB1-PIF3 interaction inhibits the association of PIF3 with phyB, leading to reduced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3, whereas the phyB-AGB1 interaction represses the association of PIF3 with AGB1, resulting in enhaneed phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3. Our results suggest that phyB and AGB1 antagonistically regulate PIF3 stability by dynamically interacting with each other and PIF3. This dynamic mechanism may allow plants to balanee phyB and G-protein signaling to optimize photomorphogenesis. 展开更多
关键词 ARABIDOPSIS PHYTOCHROME B heterotrimeric G-PROTEIN β sub unit AGB1 PIF3 PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS protein STABILITY
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Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 promotes stomatal development through repression of AGB1 inhibition of SPEECHLESS DNA-binding activity 被引量:2
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作者 Xiaoli Cao Pengbo Xu +11 位作者 Yao Liu Guangqiong Yang Minqing Liu Li Chen Yingyu Cheng Peng Xu Langxi Miao Zhilei Mao Wenxiu Wang Shuang Kou Tongtong Guo Hong‐Quan Yang 《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第11期1967-1981,共15页
Cryptochromes are blue light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses in plants and mammals. The heterotrimeric G-protein is known to regulate various physiological processes in plants and mammals. In Arabi... Cryptochromes are blue light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses in plants and mammals. The heterotrimeric G-protein is known to regulate various physiological processes in plants and mammals. In Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 1(CRY1) and the G-protein β subunit AGB1 act antagonistically to regulate stomatal development.The molecular mechanism by which CRY1 and AGB1 regulate this process remains unknown.Here, we show that Arabidopsis CRY1 acts partially through AGB1, and AGB1 acts through SPEECHLESS(SPCH), a master transcription factor that drives stomatal initiation and proliferation, to regulate stomatal development. We demonstrate that AGB1 physically interacts with SPCH to block the b HLH DNA-binding domain of SPCH and inhibit its DNA-binding activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that photoexcited CRY1 represses the interaction of AGB1 with SPCH to release AGB1 inhibition of SPCH DNA-binding activity, leading to the expression of SPCH-target genes promoting stomatal development. Taken together, our results suggest that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA-binding activity of SPCH mediated by CRY1 inhibition of the AGB1-SPCH interaction. We propose that the antagonistic regulation of SPCH DNA-binding activity by CRY1 and AGB1 may allow plants to balance light and G-protein signaling and optimize stomatal density and pattern. 展开更多
关键词 cryptochrome 1(CRY1) heterotrimeric G-proteinβ-subunit AGB1 SPEECHLESS DNA-binding activity stomatal development
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G protein controls stress readiness by modulating transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha 被引量:1
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作者 Ting-Ying Wu Shalini Krishnamoorthi +6 位作者 Kulaporn Boonyaves Isam Al-Darabsah Richalynn Leong Alan M.Jones Kimitsune Ishizaki Kang-Ling Liao Daisuke Urano 《Molecular Plant》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第12期1889-1907,共19页
The core G protein signaling module,which consists of Gαand extra-large Gα(XLG)subunits coupled with the Gβγdimer,is a master regulator of various stress responses.In this study,we compared the basal and salt stre... The core G protein signaling module,which consists of Gαand extra-large Gα(XLG)subunits coupled with the Gβγdimer,is a master regulator of various stress responses.In this study,we compared the basal and salt stress-induced transcriptomic,metabolomic and phenotypic profiles in Gα,Gβ,and XLG-null mutants of two plant species,Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha,and showed that G protein mediates the shift of transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis to stress readiness status.We demonstrated that such stress readiness serves as an intrinsic protection mechanism against further stressors through enhancing the phenylpropanoid pathway and abscisic acid responses.Furthermore,WRKY transcription factors were identified as key intermediates of G protein-mediated homeostatic shifts.Statistical and mathematical model comparisons between A.thaliana and M.polymorpha revealed evolutionary conservation of transcriptional and metabolic networks over land plant evolution,whereas divergence has occurred in the function of plant-specific atypical XLG subunit.Taken together,our results indicate that the shifts in transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis at least partially act as the mechanisms of G protein-coupled stress responses that are conserved between two distantly related plants. 展开更多
关键词 homeostatic adjustments transcriptional regulation metabolic regulation heterotrimeric G protein evolutionary conservation
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