Background: The incidence of cervical cancer is high in Bangladesh and there is a high prevalence of preinvasive lower genital tract disease among women of reproductive age. Persistent high-risk Human Papilloma Virus ...Background: The incidence of cervical cancer is high in Bangladesh and there is a high prevalence of preinvasive lower genital tract disease among women of reproductive age. Persistent high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main underlying cause of cervical cancer and its precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the subtypes of high-risk HPV infection among women with the colposcopic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the colposcopy clinic of Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a six-month period. A total of 100 participants were enrolled. Married women, between 30 - 60 years of age with colposcopically diagnosed cervical intra epithelial neoplasia were enrolled. Women with chronic illness, pregnancy, and women unable to consent were excluded from this study. After counselling, colposcopically directed punch biopsies were taken from each CIN case concurrently with high-risk HPV testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.69 (SD ±7.76) years. CIN 1 was diagnosed in 57% of participants, while 24% had CIN II and 19% had CIN III lesions. High-risk HPV was present in 52 patients. HPV 16 was the most common identified in 28 (53.84%) and HPV 18 was the second most common with 20 (38.46%) either singly or in combination with other high-risk subtypes. The other HPV strains, HPV 31, 33, 35, 52, 56 and 58, were also detected either as mono or co-infections. Out of the 52 HPV positive cases, 29 (55.8%) had mono infection and 23 (44.2%) had co-infection with several subtypes. The highest incidence (50%) of oncogenic HPV infections was present among women aged 35 - 45 years. Risk factors associated with HPV positive cases were high parity (P 0.05), early age at marriage (P = 0.754) and early age of first child. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 genotypes. HPV vaccination with the current 9-valent HPV vaccine, which contains HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Will be an effective public health measure to eradicate cervical cancer in Bangladesh.展开更多
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well known for being linked to the development of cervical cancers, most of them being caused by the high-risk (HR) oncogenic genotypes, mainly 16 and 18. The efficacy of 2LPAPI<su...Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well known for being linked to the development of cervical cancers, most of them being caused by the high-risk (HR) oncogenic genotypes, mainly 16 and 18. The efficacy of 2LPAPI<sup><sup>®</sup> </sup>(Labo’Life), a micro-immunotherapy homeopathic drug, has been evaluated in HR-HPV infected women (n = 18), in a private gynecology practice, by comparing them to an untreated control group (n = 18). Patients were 20 to 45 years old and had cytology with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) or Low grade Superficial Intra Lesions/ Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade I (LSIL/CINI). Patients freely chose to be treated with the drug or not. Those deciding not to take the drug remained untreated and were followed as a control group. The drug was taken at the regimen of one capsule per day during 6 months. HR-HPV and cytology were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. After 12 months, HR-HPV was cleared in 78% of the patients taking the drug versus 44% in those not taking it (p = 0.086). In patients over 25 years, HR-HPV clearance in the treated group was significantly higher (81.3%) than in the control group (20%) (p = 0.004). The difference in the regression of the lesion grades almost reached statistical significance (p = 0.053). This follow-up confirms that the micro-immunotherapy drug 2LPAPI<sup><sup>®</sup></sup> is a safe and effective therapeutic approach to treat HR-HPV cervical lesions in women over 25 years.展开更多
AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.T...AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%).Accordingly,the high risk phenotypes were isolated more frequently in female patients and this difference reached statistical significance [3 of 7(42.9%) vs 2 of 49(4.1%),P < 0.05].Of the pathological characteristics,only an infiltrative pattern of macroscopic tumor type significantly correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in ESCC samples [20 of 27(74.1%) vs 8 of 29(27.6%) for ulcerative or protruding macroscopic type,P < 0.05].The occurrence of total HPV DNA and both HPV high or low risk phenotypes did not significantly differ with regard to particular grades of cellular differentiation,phases in depth of tumor infiltration,grades of nodal involvement and stages of tumor progression.CONCLUSION:Low risk HPV phenotypes could be one of the co-activators or/and co-carcinogens in complex,progressive,multifactorial and multistep esophageal carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To determine the frequency of occult hepatitis B infection (OHBI) in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1+/ hepatitis B surface antigen negative (HBsAg)- patients from Mexico.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased opportunistic infections (OIs) in human immunodef iciency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However,gastrointestinal disease continues to account fo...Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased opportunistic infections (OIs) in human immunodef iciency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However,gastrointestinal disease continues to account for a high proportion of presenting symptoms in these patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms in treated patients who respond to therapy are more likely to the result of drug-induced complications than OI. Endoscopic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract remains a cornerstone of diagnosis,especially in patients with advanced immunodeficiency,who are at risk for OI. The peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte count helps to predict the risk of an OI,with the highest risk seen in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3). This review provides an update of the role of endoscopy in diagnosing OI in the upper gastrointestinal tract in HIV-infected patients in the era of HAART.展开更多
AIM To evaluate alterations of memory B cell subpopulations during a 48-wk period in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) patients. METHODS Forty-one antiretroviral na?ve and 41 treated HIV-1 patients matched fo...AIM To evaluate alterations of memory B cell subpopulations during a 48-wk period in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) patients. METHODS Forty-one antiretroviral na?ve and 41 treated HIV-1 patients matched for age and duration of HIV infection were recruited. All clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were recorded or measured. The different B cell subsets were characterized according to their surface markers: Total B cells(CD19^+), memory B cells(CD19^+CD27^+, BMCs), resting BMCs(CD19^+CD27^+CD21^(high), RM), exhausted BMCs(CD19^+CD21^(low)CD27-, EM), IgM memory B(CD19^+CD27^+IgM^(high)), isotype-switched BMCs(CD19^+CD27^+IgM-, ITS) and activated BMCs(CD19^+CD21^(low+)CD27^+, AM) at baseline on week 4 and week 48.RESULTS Mean counts of BMCs were higher in treated patients. There was a marginal upward trend of IgM memory B cell proportions which differed significantly in the treated group(overall trend, P = 0.004). ITS BMC increased over time significantly in all patients. Naive patients had of ^(low)er levels of EM B cells compared to treated, with a downward trend, irrespectively of ^(high)ly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) intake. Severe impairment of EM B cells was recorded to both treated(P = 0.024) and naive(P = 0.023) and patients. Higher proportions of RM cells were noted in HAART group, which differed significantly on week 4^(th)(P = 0.017) and 48th(P = 0.03). Higher levels of AM were preserved in HAART naive group during the whole study period(week 4: P = 0.018 and 48: P = 0.035). HIV-RNA viremia strongly correlated with AM B cells(r = 0.54, P = 0.01) and moderately with RM cells(r =-0.45, P = 0.026) at baseline.CONCLUSION HIV disrupts memory B cell subpopulations leading to impaired immunologic memory over time. BMC, RM, EM and ITS BMC were higher in patients under HAART. Activated BMCs(AM) were higher in patients without HAART. Viremia correlated with AM and RM. Significant depletion was recorded in EM B cells irrespectively of HAART intake. Perturbations in BMC-populations are not fully restored by antiretrovirals.展开更多
Aims: To assess the frequency and the main HPV genotypes circulating among a group of women attending at a third level Hospital in Mexico City. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in a group...Aims: To assess the frequency and the main HPV genotypes circulating among a group of women attending at a third level Hospital in Mexico City. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in a group of 143 female outpatients of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service at the National Institute of Perinatology of Mexico. Cervical swabs were taken from participants and subjected to simultaneous detection/genotyping of HPV by Linear Array Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems). Mann-Whitney U, median and/or Square Chi tests were used to compare socio-demographical features between HPV-infected and uninfected women. Results: A total of 66 women (46.2%) had HPV infection. Overall, 112 genotypes were detected either as single infections (45.5%) or multiple genotype infections (54.5%). The cumulated frequency of multiple infections with high-/low- and high-/high-risk HPV genotypes was 63.9 %. The most frequent high-risk genotypes were HPV52 HPV58 and HPV51, whereas the most frequent low-risk genotypes were HPV6, HPV53 and HPV84. Infected women were significantly younger and have less stable partner relationships than uninfected women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A relevant frequency of mixed infections with high- and low-risk HPV genotypes, other than those considered most prevalent worldwide, was observed. Most circulating high-risk genotypes among the women of this study are not covered by commercial vaccine formulations.展开更多
Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) for humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection has been widely available in industrialized countries since 1996; its widespread use determined a dramatic decline in acquired...Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) for humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection has been widely available in industrialized countries since 1996; its widespread use determined a dramatic decline in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related mortality, and consequently, a significant decrease of AIDS-defining cancers. However the increased mean age of HIV-infected patients, prolonged exposure to environmental and lifestyle cancer risk factors, and coinfection with oncogenic viruses contributed to the emergence of other malignancies that are considered non-AIDS-defining cancers(NADCs) as a relevant fraction of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected people twenty years after HAART introduction. The role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of NADCs is not well defined, and future researches should investigate the etiology of NADCs. In the last years there is a growing evidence that intensive chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy could be safely administrated to HIV-positive patients while continuing HAART. This requires a multidisciplinary approach and a close cooperation of oncologists and HIV-physicians in order to best manage compliance of patients to treatment and to face drug-related side effects. Here we review the main epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical behavior of the more common NADCs, such as lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and anal cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and some cutaneous malignancies, focusing also on the current therapeutic approaches and preventive screening strategies.展开更多
Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligator...Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies.展开更多
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and h...Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and hepatitis C but the risk factors and clinical presentation have not been much addressed especially in children. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study that determined the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count, CD4<sup>+</sup> percentage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of newly diagnosed, HAART na?ve HIV co-infection among children who were managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Result: Of the 60 HIV- infected children recruited, 11.7% had HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV. Children with co-infec- tions (mean age 8.43 ± 2.37 years) were significantly older than their HIV mono-infected counterparts (mean age 5.25 ± 3.96 years) (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between HIV monoinfection and HIV co-infection with respect to gender (p = 0.758), ethnicity (p = 0.707), religion of parents (p = 0.436), family type (p = 0.184), social class (p = 0.535), previous transfusion (p = 0.053), scarification (p = 0.612), female genital mutilation (p = 0.778), and sharing of clippers (p = 0.806). The mean BMI, immunological staging (p = 0.535), baseline ALT (p = 0.940), and mean baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count (p = 0.928) were comparable. However, the body mass index of HIV co-infec- ted children decreased with age up till age 10 years. Conclusion: There were no risk factors, nor clinical features predictive of co-infection identified in this study. Co-infection did not negatively impact baseline, CD4<sup>+</sup> count and ALT.展开更多
Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Ind...Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.展开更多
目的:分析宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papilloma virus,HR-HPV)感染患者中医体质类型分布特点,为中医药调理体质防治宫颈HR-HPV感染提供依据。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月就诊于河南中医药大学第一附属医院妇科门诊及...目的:分析宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papilloma virus,HR-HPV)感染患者中医体质类型分布特点,为中医药调理体质防治宫颈HR-HPV感染提供依据。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月就诊于河南中医药大学第一附属医院妇科门诊及体检中心的420例宫颈HR-HPV感染者作为观察组,选择420例同时段宫颈HR-HPV检测阴性者为对照组。分析两组中医体质类型分布情况、观察组不同年龄段中医体质类型分布情况、观察组不同HR-HPV基因型别中医体质类型。结果:观察组中医体质分布依次为:痰湿质(30.50%)>湿热质(19.00%)>平和质(15.50%)>阳虚质(14.80%)>气虚质(10.00%)>阴虚质(5.90%)>瘀血质(2.70%)>气郁质(1.70%);对照组中医体质分布依次为:平和质(73.30%)>湿热质(8.40%)>阴虚质(5.70%)>痰湿质(4.50%)>气虚质(4.30%)>阳虚质/瘀血质(1.80%)>气郁质(0.20%)。两组中医体质类型比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质、气虚质,两组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组体质类型居前三位的是痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质,占全部体质类型的64.30%。对照组平和质324例,占比73.50%,观察组平和质81例,占比15.50%,两组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中,痰湿质、阳虚质、阴虚质主要见于46~55岁,湿热质、气虚质、气郁质主要见于36~45岁,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组宫颈HR-HPV16、18型和非16、18型中医体质比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质为宫颈HR-HPV感染人群的易感体质;痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质与年龄具有相关性,痰湿质多见于36~45岁,湿热质、阳虚质多见于46~55岁,HR-HPV基因型别与中医体质类型之间无明显相关性。展开更多
文摘Background: The incidence of cervical cancer is high in Bangladesh and there is a high prevalence of preinvasive lower genital tract disease among women of reproductive age. Persistent high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main underlying cause of cervical cancer and its precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the subtypes of high-risk HPV infection among women with the colposcopic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the colposcopy clinic of Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a six-month period. A total of 100 participants were enrolled. Married women, between 30 - 60 years of age with colposcopically diagnosed cervical intra epithelial neoplasia were enrolled. Women with chronic illness, pregnancy, and women unable to consent were excluded from this study. After counselling, colposcopically directed punch biopsies were taken from each CIN case concurrently with high-risk HPV testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.69 (SD ±7.76) years. CIN 1 was diagnosed in 57% of participants, while 24% had CIN II and 19% had CIN III lesions. High-risk HPV was present in 52 patients. HPV 16 was the most common identified in 28 (53.84%) and HPV 18 was the second most common with 20 (38.46%) either singly or in combination with other high-risk subtypes. The other HPV strains, HPV 31, 33, 35, 52, 56 and 58, were also detected either as mono or co-infections. Out of the 52 HPV positive cases, 29 (55.8%) had mono infection and 23 (44.2%) had co-infection with several subtypes. The highest incidence (50%) of oncogenic HPV infections was present among women aged 35 - 45 years. Risk factors associated with HPV positive cases were high parity (P 0.05), early age at marriage (P = 0.754) and early age of first child. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 genotypes. HPV vaccination with the current 9-valent HPV vaccine, which contains HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Will be an effective public health measure to eradicate cervical cancer in Bangladesh.
文摘Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well known for being linked to the development of cervical cancers, most of them being caused by the high-risk (HR) oncogenic genotypes, mainly 16 and 18. The efficacy of 2LPAPI<sup><sup>®</sup> </sup>(Labo’Life), a micro-immunotherapy homeopathic drug, has been evaluated in HR-HPV infected women (n = 18), in a private gynecology practice, by comparing them to an untreated control group (n = 18). Patients were 20 to 45 years old and had cytology with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) or Low grade Superficial Intra Lesions/ Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade I (LSIL/CINI). Patients freely chose to be treated with the drug or not. Those deciding not to take the drug remained untreated and were followed as a control group. The drug was taken at the regimen of one capsule per day during 6 months. HR-HPV and cytology were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. After 12 months, HR-HPV was cleared in 78% of the patients taking the drug versus 44% in those not taking it (p = 0.086). In patients over 25 years, HR-HPV clearance in the treated group was significantly higher (81.3%) than in the control group (20%) (p = 0.004). The difference in the regression of the lesion grades almost reached statistical significance (p = 0.053). This follow-up confirms that the micro-immunotherapy drug 2LPAPI<sup><sup>®</sup></sup> is a safe and effective therapeutic approach to treat HR-HPV cervical lesions in women over 25 years.
基金Supported by Medical University of Lublin,Scientific Research Grant
文摘AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%).Accordingly,the high risk phenotypes were isolated more frequently in female patients and this difference reached statistical significance [3 of 7(42.9%) vs 2 of 49(4.1%),P < 0.05].Of the pathological characteristics,only an infiltrative pattern of macroscopic tumor type significantly correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in ESCC samples [20 of 27(74.1%) vs 8 of 29(27.6%) for ulcerative or protruding macroscopic type,P < 0.05].The occurrence of total HPV DNA and both HPV high or low risk phenotypes did not significantly differ with regard to particular grades of cellular differentiation,phases in depth of tumor infiltration,grades of nodal involvement and stages of tumor progression.CONCLUSION:Low risk HPV phenotypes could be one of the co-activators or/and co-carcinogens in complex,progressive,multifactorial and multistep esophageal carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia,Mexico CONACYT 2008-C01-86717,(to Alvarez-Muoz MT and Lira R)
文摘AIM: To determine the frequency of occult hepatitis B infection (OHBI) in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1+/ hepatitis B surface antigen negative (HBsAg)- patients from Mexico.
文摘Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased opportunistic infections (OIs) in human immunodef iciency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However,gastrointestinal disease continues to account for a high proportion of presenting symptoms in these patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms in treated patients who respond to therapy are more likely to the result of drug-induced complications than OI. Endoscopic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract remains a cornerstone of diagnosis,especially in patients with advanced immunodeficiency,who are at risk for OI. The peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte count helps to predict the risk of an OI,with the highest risk seen in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3). This review provides an update of the role of endoscopy in diagnosing OI in the upper gastrointestinal tract in HIV-infected patients in the era of HAART.
文摘AIM To evaluate alterations of memory B cell subpopulations during a 48-wk period in human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) patients. METHODS Forty-one antiretroviral na?ve and 41 treated HIV-1 patients matched for age and duration of HIV infection were recruited. All clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were recorded or measured. The different B cell subsets were characterized according to their surface markers: Total B cells(CD19^+), memory B cells(CD19^+CD27^+, BMCs), resting BMCs(CD19^+CD27^+CD21^(high), RM), exhausted BMCs(CD19^+CD21^(low)CD27-, EM), IgM memory B(CD19^+CD27^+IgM^(high)), isotype-switched BMCs(CD19^+CD27^+IgM-, ITS) and activated BMCs(CD19^+CD21^(low+)CD27^+, AM) at baseline on week 4 and week 48.RESULTS Mean counts of BMCs were higher in treated patients. There was a marginal upward trend of IgM memory B cell proportions which differed significantly in the treated group(overall trend, P = 0.004). ITS BMC increased over time significantly in all patients. Naive patients had of ^(low)er levels of EM B cells compared to treated, with a downward trend, irrespectively of ^(high)ly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) intake. Severe impairment of EM B cells was recorded to both treated(P = 0.024) and naive(P = 0.023) and patients. Higher proportions of RM cells were noted in HAART group, which differed significantly on week 4^(th)(P = 0.017) and 48th(P = 0.03). Higher levels of AM were preserved in HAART naive group during the whole study period(week 4: P = 0.018 and 48: P = 0.035). HIV-RNA viremia strongly correlated with AM B cells(r = 0.54, P = 0.01) and moderately with RM cells(r =-0.45, P = 0.026) at baseline.CONCLUSION HIV disrupts memory B cell subpopulations leading to impaired immunologic memory over time. BMC, RM, EM and ITS BMC were higher in patients under HAART. Activated BMCs(AM) were higher in patients without HAART. Viremia correlated with AM and RM. Significant depletion was recorded in EM B cells irrespectively of HAART intake. Perturbations in BMC-populations are not fully restored by antiretrovirals.
文摘Aims: To assess the frequency and the main HPV genotypes circulating among a group of women attending at a third level Hospital in Mexico City. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in a group of 143 female outpatients of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service at the National Institute of Perinatology of Mexico. Cervical swabs were taken from participants and subjected to simultaneous detection/genotyping of HPV by Linear Array Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems). Mann-Whitney U, median and/or Square Chi tests were used to compare socio-demographical features between HPV-infected and uninfected women. Results: A total of 66 women (46.2%) had HPV infection. Overall, 112 genotypes were detected either as single infections (45.5%) or multiple genotype infections (54.5%). The cumulated frequency of multiple infections with high-/low- and high-/high-risk HPV genotypes was 63.9 %. The most frequent high-risk genotypes were HPV52 HPV58 and HPV51, whereas the most frequent low-risk genotypes were HPV6, HPV53 and HPV84. Infected women were significantly younger and have less stable partner relationships than uninfected women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A relevant frequency of mixed infections with high- and low-risk HPV genotypes, other than those considered most prevalent worldwide, was observed. Most circulating high-risk genotypes among the women of this study are not covered by commercial vaccine formulations.
文摘Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) for humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection has been widely available in industrialized countries since 1996; its widespread use determined a dramatic decline in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related mortality, and consequently, a significant decrease of AIDS-defining cancers. However the increased mean age of HIV-infected patients, prolonged exposure to environmental and lifestyle cancer risk factors, and coinfection with oncogenic viruses contributed to the emergence of other malignancies that are considered non-AIDS-defining cancers(NADCs) as a relevant fraction of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected people twenty years after HAART introduction. The role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of NADCs is not well defined, and future researches should investigate the etiology of NADCs. In the last years there is a growing evidence that intensive chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy could be safely administrated to HIV-positive patients while continuing HAART. This requires a multidisciplinary approach and a close cooperation of oncologists and HIV-physicians in order to best manage compliance of patients to treatment and to face drug-related side effects. Here we review the main epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical behavior of the more common NADCs, such as lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and anal cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and some cutaneous malignancies, focusing also on the current therapeutic approaches and preventive screening strategies.
文摘Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies.
文摘Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and hepatitis C but the risk factors and clinical presentation have not been much addressed especially in children. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study that determined the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count, CD4<sup>+</sup> percentage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of newly diagnosed, HAART na?ve HIV co-infection among children who were managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Result: Of the 60 HIV- infected children recruited, 11.7% had HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV. Children with co-infec- tions (mean age 8.43 ± 2.37 years) were significantly older than their HIV mono-infected counterparts (mean age 5.25 ± 3.96 years) (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between HIV monoinfection and HIV co-infection with respect to gender (p = 0.758), ethnicity (p = 0.707), religion of parents (p = 0.436), family type (p = 0.184), social class (p = 0.535), previous transfusion (p = 0.053), scarification (p = 0.612), female genital mutilation (p = 0.778), and sharing of clippers (p = 0.806). The mean BMI, immunological staging (p = 0.535), baseline ALT (p = 0.940), and mean baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count (p = 0.928) were comparable. However, the body mass index of HIV co-infec- ted children decreased with age up till age 10 years. Conclusion: There were no risk factors, nor clinical features predictive of co-infection identified in this study. Co-infection did not negatively impact baseline, CD4<sup>+</sup> count and ALT.
基金Ministry of Health,Republic of Indonesia provided financial assistance to support this study from their annual budget allocation.
文摘Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.
文摘目的:分析宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papilloma virus,HR-HPV)感染患者中医体质类型分布特点,为中医药调理体质防治宫颈HR-HPV感染提供依据。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月就诊于河南中医药大学第一附属医院妇科门诊及体检中心的420例宫颈HR-HPV感染者作为观察组,选择420例同时段宫颈HR-HPV检测阴性者为对照组。分析两组中医体质类型分布情况、观察组不同年龄段中医体质类型分布情况、观察组不同HR-HPV基因型别中医体质类型。结果:观察组中医体质分布依次为:痰湿质(30.50%)>湿热质(19.00%)>平和质(15.50%)>阳虚质(14.80%)>气虚质(10.00%)>阴虚质(5.90%)>瘀血质(2.70%)>气郁质(1.70%);对照组中医体质分布依次为:平和质(73.30%)>湿热质(8.40%)>阴虚质(5.70%)>痰湿质(4.50%)>气虚质(4.30%)>阳虚质/瘀血质(1.80%)>气郁质(0.20%)。两组中医体质类型比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质、气虚质,两组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组体质类型居前三位的是痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质,占全部体质类型的64.30%。对照组平和质324例,占比73.50%,观察组平和质81例,占比15.50%,两组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中,痰湿质、阳虚质、阴虚质主要见于46~55岁,湿热质、气虚质、气郁质主要见于36~45岁,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组宫颈HR-HPV16、18型和非16、18型中医体质比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质为宫颈HR-HPV感染人群的易感体质;痰湿质、湿热质、阳虚质与年龄具有相关性,痰湿质多见于36~45岁,湿热质、阳虚质多见于46~55岁,HR-HPV基因型别与中医体质类型之间无明显相关性。
