Effective cost control in the investment and design phases of highway construction is crucial for managing project expenses.However,current management practices often overlook pre-construction cost management,leading ...Effective cost control in the investment and design phases of highway construction is crucial for managing project expenses.However,current management practices often overlook pre-construction cost management,leading to budget overruns and project delays during later stages.To ensure the smooth execution and cost control of highway construction projects,this paper examines the significance of cost control,evaluates the current state and challenges of highway construction,and proposes strategies for cost management.These strategies aim to establish a robust foundation for cost management in highway projects.展开更多
The volume of highway traffic in the United States continues to increase. In the face of this there is a concomitant need to improve and repair transportation infrastructure. Construction frequently requires a reducti...The volume of highway traffic in the United States continues to increase. In the face of this there is a concomitant need to improve and repair transportation infrastructure. Construction frequently requires a reduction in capacity during construction activity; consequently road users as well as adjacent businesses must endure the delays and inconveniences associated with transportation construction. Recognizing the problems that construction can produce, state highway agencies （SHAs） have continually sought ways to minimize the negative impact from their construction operations. Incentive contracting has played an important role in this effort to improve project performance. The Florida Department of Transportation （FDOT） is one of the leading SHAs using such innovative contracting methods as Incentive/Disincentive （I/D）, A＋B （cost plus time bidding） combined with I/D, No Excuse Bonus, and Liquidated Savings. This paper analyzes the traffic impact on incentive project time performance using highway construction projects recently completed in Florida. Project data obtained from FDOT were evaluated using time performance indices. A survey of traffic impact on project work types was performed in Florida in order to evaluate the relationship between construction project types and road traffic influence during construction. Based on the survey results, the 38 most frequently used work types in Florida during the study period were categorized into three traffic impact levels： （1） high traffic impact, （2） medium traffic impact, and （3） low traffic impact. Statistical analysis was performed. The results show that there are significant differences on project time performance between low and high impact levels as well as low and medium impact levels.展开更多
To introduce foreign capital for the municipal highway construction is a great measure to meet the development of the socialist market economy and to reform the investment system for the municipal highway construction...To introduce foreign capital for the municipal highway construction is a great measure to meet the development of the socialist market economy and to reform the investment system for the municipal highway construction. The aim of the reform lies in taking the construction and management of the municipal highway facilities as an industry to operate, widening the investment channel of the municipal highway construction and gradually forming a benign cycle of investment-construc-展开更多
Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real...Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real-world monitoring,the process will use RTK-GNSS positional perception technology,by projecting the left side of the earth from Gauss-Krueger projection method,and then carry out the Cartesian conversion based on the characteristics of drawing;steering control system is the core of the electric drive unmanned module,on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the steering system of unmanned engineering vehicles,the steering system key components such as direction,torque sensor,drive motor and other models are established,the joint simulation model of unmanned engineering vehicles is established,the steering controller is designed using the PID method,the simulation results show that the control method can meet the construction path demand for automatic steering.The path planning will first formulate the construction area with preset values and realize the steering angle correction during driving by PID algorithm,and never realize the construction-based path planning,and the results show that the method can control the straight path within the error of 10 cm and the curve error within 20 cm.With the collaboration of various modules,the automatic construction simulation results of this robot show that the design path and control method is effective.展开更多
The major features of different road sections were identified.Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed,and a demonstration was presented.The Dabao highway(from Da...The major features of different road sections were identified.Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed,and a demonstration was presented.The Dabao highway(from Dali to Baoshan)and the Sixiao highway(from Simao to Xiaomengyang)passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper.For the normal road sections having no important species to protect,a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction.For the road sections having plants or soils of interest,indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis.The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction.The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures,the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different;highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health;the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m,and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.展开更多
Taking Dabao （from Dali City to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China） and Sixiao （from Simao City to Xiaomengyang Town, Yunnan Province, China） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region as examples. Biomass, cov...Taking Dabao （from Dali City to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China） and Sixiao （from Simao City to Xiaomengyang Town, Yunnan Province, China） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region as examples. Biomass, coverage and photosynthesis rate of different plant types on sampling points （at the distances from road of 5, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 m） and their control points were estimated on ground. The relations among biomass, coverage, photosynthesis rate were analyzed with an aim to explore the mechanism of the effect caused by highway construction on plant biomass. The results show, i） the impacts of highway construction on plant biomass are both positive and negative. Arbor is mainly negatively impacted, while shrub and herbage are mainly positively impacted. The effect of highway construction decrease with the increase of distance from the road; ii） highway construction exert obvious influence on plant biomass through altering the physiologic processes （reflected by the plant number） and photosynthesis, iii） highway construc- tion will result in the decrease of arbor number, photosynthesis rate and biomass, and increase of plant number, photosynthesis rate and biomass of shrub and herbage.展开更多
In this paper,combined with an actual case project,activity-based costing is used to analyze the labor costs,material costs,and the corresponding indirect costs(such as site management fees and taxes)where each cost i...In this paper,combined with an actual case project,activity-based costing is used to analyze the labor costs,material costs,and the corresponding indirect costs(such as site management fees and taxes)where each cost is analyzed in detailed.Through quantitative comparison,it further determines which business activities are the key cost control objects and proposes targeted implementation plans for actual cost management in the future in order to provide new ideas for improving the implementation efficiency in addition to a reasonable cost control of highway engineering projects.At the same time,through analyzing the situation of highways,different maintenance modes are compared to put forward a more perfect rural road maintenance and management mode.展开更多
China’s highways started at a low level in facilities. In 1949, the total mileage of the whole coun-try’s highways was only 80,000 km, with a density of 0.001 km/sq km. Following the founding of New China, especiall...China’s highways started at a low level in facilities. In 1949, the total mileage of the whole coun-try’s highways was only 80,000 km, with a density of 0.001 km/sq km. Following the founding of New China, especially since the 1980s, great changes have taken place in the facilities of China’s highways. By the end of 1995, the展开更多
Through a long-term summary of highway construction in the permafrost regions of Qinghai Province, the formation conditions and distribution characteristics of permafrost and their impact on transportation constructio...Through a long-term summary of highway construction in the permafrost regions of Qinghai Province, the formation conditions and distribution characteristics of permafrost and their impact on transportation construction are analyzed. Research achievements on the stability of highways and urgent technical problems in the transportation construction in permafrost regions are discussed, and new development directions of highway construction in permafrost regions of Qinghai Province are introduced to provide cold regions engineering researchers with valuable references.展开更多
There is a growing recognition that highway construction and maintenance have major environmental impacts.Despite the lack of a clear protocol for designing and constructing an environmentally-friendly highway,the ind...There is a growing recognition that highway construction and maintenance have major environmental impacts.Despite the lack of a clear protocol for designing and constructing an environmentally-friendly highway,the industry experimented with sustainable alternatives since the 1970s.With an ultimate goal to develop sustainable guidelines for highway construction practices,this paper presents a general framework for the design and construction of sustainable flexible pavement system.This framework follows a similar approach to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED®)methodology by employing a point system to award a rating that quantifies the sustainability of the structure.The proposed framework divides factors related to highway design and construction into six major categories:sustainable sites(eight points),energy efficiency(five points),site air quality(four points),materials(ten points),water efficiency(four points),and innovative and design process(three points).The developed rating framework,referred to as Sustainable Design of Flexible Pavements(SDFlex),may be used to award a certification for sustainable highway design and construction.Different levels of certification may be awarded depending on the total earned credits from the six categories(Platinum,Gold,Silver,and Certified).A maximum score of 34 may be achieved under the aforementioned categories.It is proposed that a highway construction that satisfies the prerequisites and achieves a passing score of 10 be awarded a certified rating.The developed framework takes into consideration available technologies and the nature of the highway industry.展开更多
In this paper, the writers systematically introduce the contents and methods for thesubsequent assessment about China highway construction projects, the principles for the evaluationtargets and the subsequent assessme...In this paper, the writers systematically introduce the contents and methods for thesubsequent assessment about China highway construction projects, the principles for the evaluationtargets and the subsequent assessment results of the typical projects. These can offer good referencefor other work.展开更多
Alternative contracting techniques have been frequently used in highway construction in the United State and have played an important role in the effort to improve construction project performance. However, it is stil...Alternative contracting techniques have been frequently used in highway construction in the United State and have played an important role in the effort to improve construction project performance. However, it is still unknown whether which project factors have significant influence on project performance. It is essential to learn from the experiences and opinions of construction project managers who had executed innovative or alternative contracts in order to improve and refine the usage of alternative contracting methods. Innovative contracting methods have been used by state Departments of Transportation for many years, so there is now sufficient data to measure the effectiveness of these innovations. Working under a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation （FDOT）, the research team used the experiences and opinions of construction field engineers who had executed innovative contracts on FDOT projects to measure the effectiveness of these systems. To that end, interviews were conducted with FDOT and consultant personnel from across Florida. All interviewed were project managers who had overseen at least one project using an innovative contracting method. Discussions brought enthusiastic responses from those interviewed, both for and against certain innovations. This paper will focus on the experiences and opinions of those experienced construction field engineers dealing with well-known innovations, as well as newer innovations such as ＂Detour Rental＂ and ＂Damage Recovery＂.展开更多
Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics in...Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..展开更多
文摘Effective cost control in the investment and design phases of highway construction is crucial for managing project expenses.However,current management practices often overlook pre-construction cost management,leading to budget overruns and project delays during later stages.To ensure the smooth execution and cost control of highway construction projects,this paper examines the significance of cost control,evaluates the current state and challenges of highway construction,and proposes strategies for cost management.These strategies aim to establish a robust foundation for cost management in highway projects.
文摘The volume of highway traffic in the United States continues to increase. In the face of this there is a concomitant need to improve and repair transportation infrastructure. Construction frequently requires a reduction in capacity during construction activity; consequently road users as well as adjacent businesses must endure the delays and inconveniences associated with transportation construction. Recognizing the problems that construction can produce, state highway agencies （SHAs） have continually sought ways to minimize the negative impact from their construction operations. Incentive contracting has played an important role in this effort to improve project performance. The Florida Department of Transportation （FDOT） is one of the leading SHAs using such innovative contracting methods as Incentive/Disincentive （I/D）, A＋B （cost plus time bidding） combined with I/D, No Excuse Bonus, and Liquidated Savings. This paper analyzes the traffic impact on incentive project time performance using highway construction projects recently completed in Florida. Project data obtained from FDOT were evaluated using time performance indices. A survey of traffic impact on project work types was performed in Florida in order to evaluate the relationship between construction project types and road traffic influence during construction. Based on the survey results, the 38 most frequently used work types in Florida during the study period were categorized into three traffic impact levels： （1） high traffic impact, （2） medium traffic impact, and （3） low traffic impact. Statistical analysis was performed. The results show that there are significant differences on project time performance between low and high impact levels as well as low and medium impact levels.
文摘To introduce foreign capital for the municipal highway construction is a great measure to meet the development of the socialist market economy and to reform the investment system for the municipal highway construction. The aim of the reform lies in taking the construction and management of the municipal highway facilities as an industry to operate, widening the investment channel of the municipal highway construction and gradually forming a benign cycle of investment-construc-
文摘Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real-world monitoring,the process will use RTK-GNSS positional perception technology,by projecting the left side of the earth from Gauss-Krueger projection method,and then carry out the Cartesian conversion based on the characteristics of drawing;steering control system is the core of the electric drive unmanned module,on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the steering system of unmanned engineering vehicles,the steering system key components such as direction,torque sensor,drive motor and other models are established,the joint simulation model of unmanned engineering vehicles is established,the steering controller is designed using the PID method,the simulation results show that the control method can meet the construction path demand for automatic steering.The path planning will first formulate the construction area with preset values and realize the steering angle correction during driving by PID algorithm,and never realize the construction-based path planning,and the results show that the method can control the straight path within the error of 10 cm and the curve error within 20 cm.With the collaboration of various modules,the automatic construction simulation results of this robot show that the design path and control method is effective.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40701173)the Public Benefit Project of Scientific Research on Environmental Protection(Grant No.200809072)。
文摘The major features of different road sections were identified.Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed,and a demonstration was presented.The Dabao highway(from Dali to Baoshan)and the Sixiao highway(from Simao to Xiaomengyang)passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper.For the normal road sections having no important species to protect,a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction.For the road sections having plants or soils of interest,indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis.The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction.The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures,the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different;highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health;the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m,and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.
文摘Taking Dabao （from Dali City to Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China） and Sixiao （from Simao City to Xiaomengyang Town, Yunnan Province, China） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region as examples. Biomass, coverage and photosynthesis rate of different plant types on sampling points （at the distances from road of 5, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 m） and their control points were estimated on ground. The relations among biomass, coverage, photosynthesis rate were analyzed with an aim to explore the mechanism of the effect caused by highway construction on plant biomass. The results show, i） the impacts of highway construction on plant biomass are both positive and negative. Arbor is mainly negatively impacted, while shrub and herbage are mainly positively impacted. The effect of highway construction decrease with the increase of distance from the road; ii） highway construction exert obvious influence on plant biomass through altering the physiologic processes （reflected by the plant number） and photosynthesis, iii） highway construc- tion will result in the decrease of arbor number, photosynthesis rate and biomass, and increase of plant number, photosynthesis rate and biomass of shrub and herbage.
文摘In this paper,combined with an actual case project,activity-based costing is used to analyze the labor costs,material costs,and the corresponding indirect costs(such as site management fees and taxes)where each cost is analyzed in detailed.Through quantitative comparison,it further determines which business activities are the key cost control objects and proposes targeted implementation plans for actual cost management in the future in order to provide new ideas for improving the implementation efficiency in addition to a reasonable cost control of highway engineering projects.At the same time,through analyzing the situation of highways,different maintenance modes are compared to put forward a more perfect rural road maintenance and management mode.
文摘China’s highways started at a low level in facilities. In 1949, the total mileage of the whole coun-try’s highways was only 80,000 km, with a density of 0.001 km/sq km. Following the founding of New China, especially since the 1980s, great changes have taken place in the facilities of China’s highways. By the end of 1995, the
基金funded by the Transportation Construction Projects from the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China (Nos.2011318363580,2011318363700, and 2011318000660)
文摘Through a long-term summary of highway construction in the permafrost regions of Qinghai Province, the formation conditions and distribution characteristics of permafrost and their impact on transportation construction are analyzed. Research achievements on the stability of highways and urgent technical problems in the transportation construction in permafrost regions are discussed, and new development directions of highway construction in permafrost regions of Qinghai Province are introduced to provide cold regions engineering researchers with valuable references.
文摘There is a growing recognition that highway construction and maintenance have major environmental impacts.Despite the lack of a clear protocol for designing and constructing an environmentally-friendly highway,the industry experimented with sustainable alternatives since the 1970s.With an ultimate goal to develop sustainable guidelines for highway construction practices,this paper presents a general framework for the design and construction of sustainable flexible pavement system.This framework follows a similar approach to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED®)methodology by employing a point system to award a rating that quantifies the sustainability of the structure.The proposed framework divides factors related to highway design and construction into six major categories:sustainable sites(eight points),energy efficiency(five points),site air quality(four points),materials(ten points),water efficiency(four points),and innovative and design process(three points).The developed rating framework,referred to as Sustainable Design of Flexible Pavements(SDFlex),may be used to award a certification for sustainable highway design and construction.Different levels of certification may be awarded depending on the total earned credits from the six categories(Platinum,Gold,Silver,and Certified).A maximum score of 34 may be achieved under the aforementioned categories.It is proposed that a highway construction that satisfies the prerequisites and achieves a passing score of 10 be awarded a certified rating.The developed framework takes into consideration available technologies and the nature of the highway industry.
文摘In this paper, the writers systematically introduce the contents and methods for thesubsequent assessment about China highway construction projects, the principles for the evaluationtargets and the subsequent assessment results of the typical projects. These can offer good referencefor other work.
文摘Alternative contracting techniques have been frequently used in highway construction in the United State and have played an important role in the effort to improve construction project performance. However, it is still unknown whether which project factors have significant influence on project performance. It is essential to learn from the experiences and opinions of construction project managers who had executed innovative or alternative contracts in order to improve and refine the usage of alternative contracting methods. Innovative contracting methods have been used by state Departments of Transportation for many years, so there is now sufficient data to measure the effectiveness of these innovations. Working under a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation （FDOT）, the research team used the experiences and opinions of construction field engineers who had executed innovative contracts on FDOT projects to measure the effectiveness of these systems. To that end, interviews were conducted with FDOT and consultant personnel from across Florida. All interviewed were project managers who had overseen at least one project using an innovative contracting method. Discussions brought enthusiastic responses from those interviewed, both for and against certain innovations. This paper will focus on the experiences and opinions of those experienced construction field engineers dealing with well-known innovations, as well as newer innovations such as ＂Detour Rental＂ and ＂Damage Recovery＂.
基金This paper was Supported by Chinese Humanities and Social Science Foundation for Youths by Ministry of Education, Mechanism and Institutional arrangements on China＇s low-cost model to achieve economic growth cycle （No. 09YJC630228）, and Basic Research Funds of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law ＂Research on Integrated Controlling of Cost Soot among Organization： Based on Synerzistic Effects of Precession＂.
文摘Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..
