Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)hold great promise for tissue regeneration in debilitating disorders.Despite reported improvements,the short-term outcomes of MSC transplantation,which is possibly linked to poor cell su...Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)hold great promise for tissue regeneration in debilitating disorders.Despite reported improvements,the short-term outcomes of MSC transplantation,which is possibly linked to poor cell survival,demand extensive investigation.Disease-associated stress microenvironments further complicate outcomes.This debate underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the phenotypes of transplanted MSCs and their environment-induced fluctuations.Additionally,questions arise about how to predict,track,and comprehend cell fate post-transplantation.In vivo cellular imaging has emerged as a critical requirement for both short-and long-term safety and efficacy studies.However,translating preclinical imaging methods to clinical settings remains challenging.The fate and function of transplanted cells within the host environment present intricate challenges,including MSC engraftment,variability,and inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical data.The study explored the impact of high glucose concentrations on MSC survival in diabetic environments,emphasizing mitochondrial factors.Preserving these factors may enhance MSC survival,suggesting potential strategies involving genetic modification,biomaterials,and nanoparticles.Understanding stressors in diabetic patients is crucial for predicting the effects of MSC-based therapies.These multifaceted challenges call for a holistic approach involving the incorporation of large-scale data,computational disease modeling,and possibly artificial intelligence to enable deterministic insights.展开更多
Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolite...Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group could inhibit the energy supply of serum tryptophan to MPY by milk S-lactoylglutathione,which could enhance pyruvate metabolism.Norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could increase the ruminal L-tyrosine,which could provide the substrate for MPY.Conclusion Our results indicated that the represented enterotype genera of Prevotella and Ruminococcus,and the hub genera of[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could regulate milk protein synthesis by affecting the ruminal L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Moreover,the combined analysis of enterotype,WGCNA and SEM could be used to connect rumen microbial metabolism with host metabolism,which provides a fundamental understanding of the crosstalk between host and microorganisms in regulating the synthesis of milk composition.展开更多
Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by mod...Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production.展开更多
Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients,promoting growth,and resisting to abiotic and biotic stresses.However,an extensive characterization of the bacterial a...Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients,promoting growth,and resisting to abiotic and biotic stresses.However,an extensive characterization of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes present in different plant compartments of soybean in field conditions has remained elusive.In this study,we investigated the effects of four niches(roots,stems,leaves,and pods),four genotypes(Andou 203,Hedou 12,Sanning 16,and Zhonghuang 13),and three field locations(Jining,Suzhou,and Xuzhou)on the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in soybean using 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing,respectively.The soybean microbiome significantly differed across organs.Host genotypes explained more variation in stem bacterial community composition and leaf fungal community composition.Field location significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities in all compartments and the effects were stronger in the root and stem than in the leaf and pod,whereas field location explained more variation in stem and leaf fungal community composition than in the root and pod.The relative abundances of potential soybean fungal pathogens also differed among host organs and genotypes,reflecting the niches of these microbes in the host and probably their compatibility to the host genotypes.Systematic profiling of the microbiome composition and diversity will aid the development of plant protection technologies to benefit soybean health.展开更多
Process analytical technology(PAT) is gaining more interest in the biomanufacturing industry because of its potential to improve operational control and compliance through real-time quality assurance.Currently, biopha...Process analytical technology(PAT) is gaining more interest in the biomanufacturing industry because of its potential to improve operational control and compliance through real-time quality assurance.Currently, biopharmaceutical producers mainly monitor chromatographic processes with ultraviolet/visible(UV/Vis) absorbance. However, this measurement has a very limited correlation with purity and quantity. The current study aims to determine the concentration of monoclonal antibody(mAb) and host cell proteins(HCPs) using a build-in UV/Vis monitoring during Protein A affinity chromatography and to optimize the separation conditions for high purity of mAb and minimizing the HCPs content. The eluate was analyzed through in-line UV/Vis at 280 and 410 nm, representing mAb and HCPs concentration,respectively. Each 0.1 column volume(CV) fraction of UV/Vis chromatogram peak area were calculated,and different separation conditions were then compared. The optimum conditions of mAb separation were found as 12 CV loading, elution at pH 3.5, and starting the collection at 0.5 CV point, resulting in high m Ab recovery of 95.92% and additional removal of 49.98% of HCP comparing with whole elution pool. This study concluded that UV/Vis-based in-line monitoring at 280 and 410 nm showed a high potential to optimize and real-time control Protein A affinity chromatography for mAb purification from HCPs.展开更多
The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region ...The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift.展开更多
Monitoring of host cell proteins(HCPs)during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies(mAb)has become a critical requirement to provide effective and safe drug products.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are still th...Monitoring of host cell proteins(HCPs)during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies(mAb)has become a critical requirement to provide effective and safe drug products.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are still the gold standard methods for the quantification of protein impurities.However,this technique has several limitations and does,among others,not enable the precise identification of proteins.In this context,mass spectrometry(MS)became an alternative and orthogonal method that delivers qualitative and quantitative information on all identified HCPs.However,in order to be routinely implemented in biopharmaceutical companies,liquid chromatography-MS based methods still need to be standardized to provide highest sensitivity and robust and accurate quantification.Here,we present a promising MS-based analytical workflow coupling the use of an innovative quantification standard,the HCP Profiler solution,with a spectral library-based data-independent acquisition(DIA)method and strict data validation criteria.The performances of the HCP Profiler solution were compared to more conventional standard protein spikes and the DIA approach was benchmarked against a classical datadependent acquisition on a series of samples produced at various stages of the manufacturing process.While we also explored spectral library-free DIA interpretation,the spectral library-based approach still showed highest accuracy and reproducibility(coefficients of variation<10%)with a sensitivity down to the sub-ng/mg mAb level.Thus,this workflow is today mature to be used as a robust and straightforward method to support mAb manufacturing process developments and drug products quality control.展开更多
The goal of this research is to introduce the simulation studies of the vector-host disease nonlinear system(VHDNS)along with the numerical treatment of artificial neural networks(ANNs)techniques supported by Levenber...The goal of this research is to introduce the simulation studies of the vector-host disease nonlinear system(VHDNS)along with the numerical treatment of artificial neural networks(ANNs)techniques supported by Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation(LMQBP),known as ANNs-LMQBP.This mechanism is physically appropriate,where the number of infected people is increasing along with the limited health services.Furthermore,the biological effects have fadingmemories and exhibit transition behavior.Initially,the model is developed by considering the two and three categories for the humans and the vector species.The VHDNS is constructed with five classes,susceptible humans Sh(t),infected humans Ih(t),recovered humans Rh(t),infected vectors Iv(t),and susceptible vector Sv(t)based system of the fractional-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations.To solve the number of variations of the VHDNS,the numerical simulations are performed using the stochastic ANNs-LMQBP.The achieved numerical solutions for solving the VHDNS using the stochastic ANNs-LMQBP have been described for training,verifying,and testing data to decrease the mean square error(MSE).An extensive analysis is provided using the correlation studies,MSE,error histograms(EHs),state transitions(STs),and regression to observe the accuracy,efficiency,expertise,and aptitude of the computing ANNs-LMQBP.展开更多
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a polyphagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered ...The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a polyphagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered like a major pest of maize, to which it causes significant damage, in a context where proven control methods against this moth remain almost non-existent. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic importance of FAW through the damage caused to the different host plants and to identify the parasitoids of this caterpillar. The study was conducted in the southern agricultural zone of Niger, specifically in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder. FAW eggs and caterpillars were collected from six villages in each region and then incubated and reared in the entomology laboratory of INRAN in Maradi. The rate of infestation of the different crops by FAW was determined as well as the observation of the beneficiaries. The results obtained indicate the presence of FAW on millet with an attack rate varying from 45.7% to 68%, sorghum with 47.2% to 62.25% and sesame with 9.7%. This work also revealed an oophagous parasitoid, Telenomus remus with 138 ± 23 and larval parasitoids, Cotesia sp with 16 ± 1 maximum number of individuals emerged from the collected material. Also, it was identified the parasitoid Cotesia icipe with a rate of parasitism from 4.6% to 5.75%;the Charops ater whose rate of parasitism varies from 4.5% and 12.25% but for Chelonus insularis with 17.25% and Tachnidae with 53%. These very interesting results will constitute a basis for the development of biological control and a component of an agroecological management strategy of caterpillar.展开更多
Cloud computing has become one of the leading technologies in the world today.The benefits of cloud computing affect end users directly.There are several cloud computing frameworks,and each has ways of monitoring and ...Cloud computing has become one of the leading technologies in the world today.The benefits of cloud computing affect end users directly.There are several cloud computing frameworks,and each has ways of monitoring and providing resources.Cloud computing eliminates customer requirements such as expensive system configuration and massive infrastructure while improving dependability and scalability.From the user’s perspective,cloud computing makes it easy to upload multiagents and operate on different web services.In this paper,the authors used a restful web service and an agent system to discuss,deployments,and analysis of load performance parameters like memory use,cen-tral processing unit(CPU)utilization,network latency,etc.,both on localhost and an Amazon Web Service Elastic Cloud Computing(AWS-EC2)server.The Java Agent Development Environment(JADE)tool has been used to propose an archi-tecture and conduct a comparative study on both local and remote servers.JADE is an open-source tool for maintaining applications on AWS infrastructure.The focus of the study should be to reduce the complexity and time of load perfor-mance parameters by using an agent system on a cloud server instead of establish-ing a massive infrastructure on a local system,even for a small application.展开更多
Onion is the most important vegetable produced in Burkina Faso. It contributes to food and nutrition security and is a source of income for farmers. Thrips, which feed on the leaves of the plant, are the main insect p...Onion is the most important vegetable produced in Burkina Faso. It contributes to food and nutrition security and is a source of income for farmers. Thrips, which feed on the leaves of the plant, are the main insect pest of onion. The objective of this study was to access the diversity, the host range and the distribution of Thrips spp. in three main onion production areas in Burkina Faso. Three sites were chosen in each vegetable production basin, and plant species present were sampled and inspected to determine their thrips’ infestation status. Seventeen cultivated or wild plant species were attacked by thrips. The incidence of attacks was highest on zucchini plants followed by cucumber, eggplant, and onion, respectively. Six thrips species were recorded of which Thrips tabaci (Lindemman) represented more than 70% of the total. The average density of Thrips spp. per plant varied significantly between production basins and plant species. The highest average number of Thrips spp. per plant was recorded on zucchini (40.28 ± 10.28;17.43 ± 13.48 and 14.33 ± 7.11 respectively in the North, Hauts Bassins, and Central Plateau). This study provided basic information that can lead to further research and the development of control methods.展开更多
On February 18,CIIS and the US National Committee on American Foreign Policy(NCAFP)cohosted an online dialogue on China-US relations.CIIS President Xu Bu and Chairman of the NCAFP Board of Trustees Jeffery Shafer deli...On February 18,CIIS and the US National Committee on American Foreign Policy(NCAFP)cohosted an online dialogue on China-US relations.CIIS President Xu Bu and Chairman of the NCAFP Board of Trustees Jeffery Shafer delivered opening remarks.President Xu and Susan Thornton,Project Director of the Forum on Asia-Pacific Security at NCAFP,moderated the meeting.展开更多
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)becomes a standard form of cellular therapy for patients with malignant diseases.HSCT is the first-choice of immunotherapy,although HSCT can be associated with many complic...Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)becomes a standard form of cellular therapy for patients with malignant diseases.HSCT is the first-choice of immunotherapy,although HSCT can be associated with many complications such as graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic HSCT.It has been shown that certain gut microbiota could exert protective and/or regenerative immunomodulatory effects by the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate in the experimental models of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Loss of gut commensal bacteria which can produce SCFAs may worsen dysbiosis,increasing the risk of GVHD.Expression of G-protein coupled receptors such as GPR41 seems to be upre-gulated in the presence of commensal bacteria,which might be associated with the biology of regulatory T cells(Tregs).Treg cells are a suppressive subset of CD4 positive T lymphocytes implicated in the prevention of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Here,we discuss the current findings of the relationship between the modification of gut microbiota and the GVHD-related immunity,which suggested that tactics with certain probiotics for the beneficial symbiosis in gut-immune axis might lead to the elevation of safety in the allogeneic HSCT.展开更多
基金Supported by the Romanian Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CNCS/CCCDI-UEFISCDI,project number ERANETEURONANOMED-3-OASIs,within PNCDI III(contract number 273/2022).
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)hold great promise for tissue regeneration in debilitating disorders.Despite reported improvements,the short-term outcomes of MSC transplantation,which is possibly linked to poor cell survival,demand extensive investigation.Disease-associated stress microenvironments further complicate outcomes.This debate underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the phenotypes of transplanted MSCs and their environment-induced fluctuations.Additionally,questions arise about how to predict,track,and comprehend cell fate post-transplantation.In vivo cellular imaging has emerged as a critical requirement for both short-and long-term safety and efficacy studies.However,translating preclinical imaging methods to clinical settings remains challenging.The fate and function of transplanted cells within the host environment present intricate challenges,including MSC engraftment,variability,and inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical data.The study explored the impact of high glucose concentrations on MSC survival in diabetic environments,emphasizing mitochondrial factors.Preserving these factors may enhance MSC survival,suggesting potential strategies involving genetic modification,biomaterials,and nanoparticles.Understanding stressors in diabetic patients is crucial for predicting the effects of MSC-based therapies.These multifaceted challenges call for a holistic approach involving the incorporation of large-scale data,computational disease modeling,and possibly artificial intelligence to enable deterministic insights.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272829,32072761,31902184)Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association Young Talents Lifting Program Project(20220203).
文摘Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group could inhibit the energy supply of serum tryptophan to MPY by milk S-lactoylglutathione,which could enhance pyruvate metabolism.Norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could increase the ruminal L-tyrosine,which could provide the substrate for MPY.Conclusion Our results indicated that the represented enterotype genera of Prevotella and Ruminococcus,and the hub genera of[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could regulate milk protein synthesis by affecting the ruminal L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Moreover,the combined analysis of enterotype,WGCNA and SEM could be used to connect rumen microbial metabolism with host metabolism,which provides a fundamental understanding of the crosstalk between host and microorganisms in regulating the synthesis of milk composition.
文摘Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production.
基金supported by grants from the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS004-PS14)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0201000)the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201303018)。
文摘Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients,promoting growth,and resisting to abiotic and biotic stresses.However,an extensive characterization of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes present in different plant compartments of soybean in field conditions has remained elusive.In this study,we investigated the effects of four niches(roots,stems,leaves,and pods),four genotypes(Andou 203,Hedou 12,Sanning 16,and Zhonghuang 13),and three field locations(Jining,Suzhou,and Xuzhou)on the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in soybean using 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing,respectively.The soybean microbiome significantly differed across organs.Host genotypes explained more variation in stem bacterial community composition and leaf fungal community composition.Field location significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities in all compartments and the effects were stronger in the root and stem than in the leaf and pod,whereas field location explained more variation in stem and leaf fungal community composition than in the root and pod.The relative abundances of potential soybean fungal pathogens also differed among host organs and genotypes,reflecting the niches of these microbes in the host and probably their compatibility to the host genotypes.Systematic profiling of the microbiome composition and diversity will aid the development of plant protection technologies to benefit soybean health.
基金supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2021YFE0113300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078286 and 21878263)+1 种基金Zhejiang Universitythe Talent-Introduction Program of China for the Postdoctoral Researcher for the financial support。
文摘Process analytical technology(PAT) is gaining more interest in the biomanufacturing industry because of its potential to improve operational control and compliance through real-time quality assurance.Currently, biopharmaceutical producers mainly monitor chromatographic processes with ultraviolet/visible(UV/Vis) absorbance. However, this measurement has a very limited correlation with purity and quantity. The current study aims to determine the concentration of monoclonal antibody(mAb) and host cell proteins(HCPs) using a build-in UV/Vis monitoring during Protein A affinity chromatography and to optimize the separation conditions for high purity of mAb and minimizing the HCPs content. The eluate was analyzed through in-line UV/Vis at 280 and 410 nm, representing mAb and HCPs concentration,respectively. Each 0.1 column volume(CV) fraction of UV/Vis chromatogram peak area were calculated,and different separation conditions were then compared. The optimum conditions of mAb separation were found as 12 CV loading, elution at pH 3.5, and starting the collection at 0.5 CV point, resulting in high m Ab recovery of 95.92% and additional removal of 49.98% of HCP comparing with whole elution pool. This study concluded that UV/Vis-based in-line monitoring at 280 and 410 nm showed a high potential to optimize and real-time control Protein A affinity chromatography for mAb purification from HCPs.
基金supported by Orient Resources Ltd.College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University。
文摘The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift.
基金supported by the“Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie”and UCB Pharma S.A.(Belgium and France)via the CIFRE fellowship of Steve Hessmannsupported by the“Agence Nationale de la Recherche”via the French Proteomic Infrastructure ProFI FR2048(ANR-10-INBS-08-03).
文摘Monitoring of host cell proteins(HCPs)during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies(mAb)has become a critical requirement to provide effective and safe drug products.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are still the gold standard methods for the quantification of protein impurities.However,this technique has several limitations and does,among others,not enable the precise identification of proteins.In this context,mass spectrometry(MS)became an alternative and orthogonal method that delivers qualitative and quantitative information on all identified HCPs.However,in order to be routinely implemented in biopharmaceutical companies,liquid chromatography-MS based methods still need to be standardized to provide highest sensitivity and robust and accurate quantification.Here,we present a promising MS-based analytical workflow coupling the use of an innovative quantification standard,the HCP Profiler solution,with a spectral library-based data-independent acquisition(DIA)method and strict data validation criteria.The performances of the HCP Profiler solution were compared to more conventional standard protein spikes and the DIA approach was benchmarked against a classical datadependent acquisition on a series of samples produced at various stages of the manufacturing process.While we also explored spectral library-free DIA interpretation,the spectral library-based approach still showed highest accuracy and reproducibility(coefficients of variation<10%)with a sensitivity down to the sub-ng/mg mAb level.Thus,this workflow is today mature to be used as a robust and straightforward method to support mAb manufacturing process developments and drug products quality control.
基金funded by National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Khon Kaen University:N42A650291。
文摘The goal of this research is to introduce the simulation studies of the vector-host disease nonlinear system(VHDNS)along with the numerical treatment of artificial neural networks(ANNs)techniques supported by Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation(LMQBP),known as ANNs-LMQBP.This mechanism is physically appropriate,where the number of infected people is increasing along with the limited health services.Furthermore,the biological effects have fadingmemories and exhibit transition behavior.Initially,the model is developed by considering the two and three categories for the humans and the vector species.The VHDNS is constructed with five classes,susceptible humans Sh(t),infected humans Ih(t),recovered humans Rh(t),infected vectors Iv(t),and susceptible vector Sv(t)based system of the fractional-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations.To solve the number of variations of the VHDNS,the numerical simulations are performed using the stochastic ANNs-LMQBP.The achieved numerical solutions for solving the VHDNS using the stochastic ANNs-LMQBP have been described for training,verifying,and testing data to decrease the mean square error(MSE).An extensive analysis is provided using the correlation studies,MSE,error histograms(EHs),state transitions(STs),and regression to observe the accuracy,efficiency,expertise,and aptitude of the computing ANNs-LMQBP.
文摘The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a polyphagous pest reported in sub-Saharan Africa since 2016 and has expanded rapidly in almost Africa. In Niger, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is considered like a major pest of maize, to which it causes significant damage, in a context where proven control methods against this moth remain almost non-existent. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic importance of FAW through the damage caused to the different host plants and to identify the parasitoids of this caterpillar. The study was conducted in the southern agricultural zone of Niger, specifically in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder. FAW eggs and caterpillars were collected from six villages in each region and then incubated and reared in the entomology laboratory of INRAN in Maradi. The rate of infestation of the different crops by FAW was determined as well as the observation of the beneficiaries. The results obtained indicate the presence of FAW on millet with an attack rate varying from 45.7% to 68%, sorghum with 47.2% to 62.25% and sesame with 9.7%. This work also revealed an oophagous parasitoid, Telenomus remus with 138 ± 23 and larval parasitoids, Cotesia sp with 16 ± 1 maximum number of individuals emerged from the collected material. Also, it was identified the parasitoid Cotesia icipe with a rate of parasitism from 4.6% to 5.75%;the Charops ater whose rate of parasitism varies from 4.5% and 12.25% but for Chelonus insularis with 17.25% and Tachnidae with 53%. These very interesting results will constitute a basis for the development of biological control and a component of an agroecological management strategy of caterpillar.
文摘Cloud computing has become one of the leading technologies in the world today.The benefits of cloud computing affect end users directly.There are several cloud computing frameworks,and each has ways of monitoring and providing resources.Cloud computing eliminates customer requirements such as expensive system configuration and massive infrastructure while improving dependability and scalability.From the user’s perspective,cloud computing makes it easy to upload multiagents and operate on different web services.In this paper,the authors used a restful web service and an agent system to discuss,deployments,and analysis of load performance parameters like memory use,cen-tral processing unit(CPU)utilization,network latency,etc.,both on localhost and an Amazon Web Service Elastic Cloud Computing(AWS-EC2)server.The Java Agent Development Environment(JADE)tool has been used to propose an archi-tecture and conduct a comparative study on both local and remote servers.JADE is an open-source tool for maintaining applications on AWS infrastructure.The focus of the study should be to reduce the complexity and time of load perfor-mance parameters by using an agent system on a cloud server instead of establish-ing a massive infrastructure on a local system,even for a small application.
文摘Onion is the most important vegetable produced in Burkina Faso. It contributes to food and nutrition security and is a source of income for farmers. Thrips, which feed on the leaves of the plant, are the main insect pest of onion. The objective of this study was to access the diversity, the host range and the distribution of Thrips spp. in three main onion production areas in Burkina Faso. Three sites were chosen in each vegetable production basin, and plant species present were sampled and inspected to determine their thrips’ infestation status. Seventeen cultivated or wild plant species were attacked by thrips. The incidence of attacks was highest on zucchini plants followed by cucumber, eggplant, and onion, respectively. Six thrips species were recorded of which Thrips tabaci (Lindemman) represented more than 70% of the total. The average density of Thrips spp. per plant varied significantly between production basins and plant species. The highest average number of Thrips spp. per plant was recorded on zucchini (40.28 ± 10.28;17.43 ± 13.48 and 14.33 ± 7.11 respectively in the North, Hauts Bassins, and Central Plateau). This study provided basic information that can lead to further research and the development of control methods.
文摘On February 18,CIIS and the US National Committee on American Foreign Policy(NCAFP)cohosted an online dialogue on China-US relations.CIIS President Xu Bu and Chairman of the NCAFP Board of Trustees Jeffery Shafer delivered opening remarks.President Xu and Susan Thornton,Project Director of the Forum on Asia-Pacific Security at NCAFP,moderated the meeting.
文摘Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)becomes a standard form of cellular therapy for patients with malignant diseases.HSCT is the first-choice of immunotherapy,although HSCT can be associated with many complications such as graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic HSCT.It has been shown that certain gut microbiota could exert protective and/or regenerative immunomodulatory effects by the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate in the experimental models of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Loss of gut commensal bacteria which can produce SCFAs may worsen dysbiosis,increasing the risk of GVHD.Expression of G-protein coupled receptors such as GPR41 seems to be upre-gulated in the presence of commensal bacteria,which might be associated with the biology of regulatory T cells(Tregs).Treg cells are a suppressive subset of CD4 positive T lymphocytes implicated in the prevention of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Here,we discuss the current findings of the relationship between the modification of gut microbiota and the GVHD-related immunity,which suggested that tactics with certain probiotics for the beneficial symbiosis in gut-immune axis might lead to the elevation of safety in the allogeneic HSCT.
