Live houses emerged in China during the 1990s as the country’s rock music scene began to flourish.Today,live houses can be found in almost every major city in China and have become an essential part of the country’s...Live houses emerged in China during the 1990s as the country’s rock music scene began to flourish.Today,live houses can be found in almost every major city in China and have become an essential part of the country’s music culture.The growth of live houses in China has been driven by changing consumer tastes,the expansion of the music industry,and a desire for new and innovative forms of entertainment.These venues offer a unique and intimate setting for music lovers to experience live performances,fostering a sense of community and connection between artists and audiences.The cross-cultural influence of live houses in China has been substantial,with international musicians and audiences increasingly drawn to the country’s vibrant music scene.Chinese live houses have hosted a diverse range of international artists,providing opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and collaboration.As a result,live houses have become a hub for promoting Chinese culture and soft power,enhancing global cultural diversity,and increasing the visibility of Chinese artists on the international stage.展开更多
[Objective] To explore the characteristics of microbial aerosol pollution in different pig houses and provide theoretical foundation for risk assessment of microbial aerosols on human and animal health.[Method] Gestat...[Objective] To explore the characteristics of microbial aerosol pollution in different pig houses and provide theoretical foundation for risk assessment of microbial aerosols on human and animal health.[Method] Gestation house,nursery house and fattening house in suburb of Beijing were chosen as research objects,and the concentration,size distribution and composition characteristics of the airborne microorganisms were determined.[Result] The concentrations of airborne microorganisms were completely different in different houses under the influences of ventilation,methods of cleaning manure and pig populations.The highest concentration of airborne microrganisms was the nursery house.The particles with diameter size of 0.65-2.10 μm carried 26%-27% heterotrophic bacteria and 39%-43% fungi.They could reach alveolus of humans and animals and thus made infectious threat to health of humans and animals.The dominant heterotrophic bacteria genera were composed of Bacillus and Pseudomonas;and the dominant fungi were Penicillium and Muco.[Conclusion] Concentrations of airborne microorganisms are completely different in different houses.However,there is no significant difference between the microbial composition and type of pig houses.展开更多
The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements...The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements of ethnic groups such as Baima Tibetans, Amdo Tibetans, and the Qiang people living in Wenxian county, Longnan city of Gansu province, and Maoxian, Lixian, Wenchuan, and Beichuan of Sichuan province respectively.Although VPHs of the Qiang people living in southern Songpan share many similarities with those of adjacent Tibetans in structure, construction, and spatial layout, they feature the Qiang people's unique architectural culture, and reflect a style transition from VPHs in the north to blockhouses in the south.The VPHs, as represented by those in Xiaoxinggou, play a significant role in the diversified architectural culture of this ethnic group.Their unique cultural value is worthy of further exploration and protection.展开更多
In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelop...In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelopes were selected. The field surveys included investigation on building material and construction,measurement of indoor thermal environment, infrared thermographic study of building envelopes and measurement of luminous environment. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures were below thermal comfort zone from late night till early morning and the horizontal temperature gradient was obvious. The adobe wall showed better thermal performance than the other two. As for the building layout,it is beneficial to put a storeroom on the north side of the house as a temperature buffer zone. Furthermore,due to missing insulation and the informal process of construction,significant amounts of heat escaped from building envelopes,especially from the corner of wall,ceiling and around the openings. The daylight factors on the work plan in the main rooms were accordance with design standards and the level of illuminance met the requirements of family's daily activities.展开更多
Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after nat...Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after natural disasters.Disaster-relief temporary houses(DTHs)played an important role in the post-disaster resettlement in the past,which can not only be produced on a large scale,but also can be quickly and conveniently erected,which were the main means to solve the problem of transitional resettlement.However,due to their temporary nature,there was no extra energy consuming system installed in the DTHs generally.Hence the indoor thermal environment inside the DTHs was severe in summer.In this study,combined with the field experimental tests of the DTHs in Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake and the experimental study of the full-size DTH,it found that the thermal environment inside the DTH was intolerably high in summer.It had negative impact on victims.In order to improve the thermal environment inside DTHs during post-disaster period which lacked of extra energy resources,this study used the method of combining phase change materials(PCMs)with walls of the DTH to explore its feasibility and effectiveness.The results showed that PCMs could effectively improve the thermal environment inside the DTH in summer.Furthermore,the difference of the composite positions between PCMs and the wall affected the improvement effect.The energy release rate of the PCMs assembly system(PAS)varied according to the positions of the PCMs.展开更多
JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportat...JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportation here as the land is divided by canals into a checkerboard. Under these natural conditions, locals designed and built their houses in a unique way, the design of which gave rise to the Suzhou traditional folk house architectural style. The houses are usually not wide and have a deep interior. The layout and scale of each house varies, depending on the wealth of its owner. When seen from a distance, the cluster of houses presents an irregular beauty densely decorating the small areas of land in the region.展开更多
The housing situation just after the First World War was very bad.This was due,among other things,to the huge war damage of buildings as well as years of neglecting the construction movement during 123 years of partit...The housing situation just after the First World War was very bad.This was due,among other things,to the huge war damage of buildings as well as years of neglecting the construction movement during 123 years of partitioning.Not only public buildings were destroyed,but most of all housing development,which at that time in the Lublin region mostly had a wooden structure.The article presents a part of a comprehensive study of the wooden architecture of the interwar period of small towns in the Lublin region.Representative examples from each type of object were discussed.展开更多
Confucian ethics, idea and behavior criterion were embodied in "everything" of life, especially in the building as an important tool for moralizing. Taking a case study on vernacular houses of Dongting East ...Confucian ethics, idea and behavior criterion were embodied in "everything" of life, especially in the building as an important tool for moralizing. Taking a case study on vernacular houses of Dongting East Mountain and West Mountain, this paper reveals the "moderate", "etiquette" and "benevolence" as moral contents in the building's layout, form, space, decoration and so on. The moralizing reflects a subtle way of guidance, as well as diversified and systematic characteristics. Vernacular houses deeply mingled with daily life, had unique influence as physical environment, thus realizing the implementation and manifestation of Confucian moralizing ideas that have been converted to folk customs. In sum, the Confucian moralizing function carried by vernacular houses is the product of institutions and rules, and it is also the manifestation of conscious inheritance of cultural identity.展开更多
Soil erosion studies around houses in four communities in Ghana were carried out from August to November, 2010. Thirty houses were selected from each of the four communities for the study. Measurements of slope and th...Soil erosion studies around houses in four communities in Ghana were carried out from August to November, 2010. Thirty houses were selected from each of the four communities for the study. Measurements of slope and the depth of exposed foundation of houses were done with the help of a string and a tape measure. Data were also obtained through questionnaire and interview of house owners. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure some relationships among data. In the selection of site for building a house, higher percentage of the house owners considered no factor. The major cleaning activity around the surrounding of houses was noted to be sweeping with a broom. All the houses in the communities had their foundations exposed, 57% - 93% of the houses had exposed foundations up to a level within 51 - 100 cm which was classified as “Severely Exposed”. The extent of building foundation exposed by soil erosion was found to be positively correlated with the age of building and the slope of the land. Most of the respondents controlled soil erosion by blocking water ways with materials such as, sand heaps, stones and sacks filled with soil. Only 10% of the respondents from one of the communities planted grasses around their houses to control soil erosion. Communities need to be educated to plant grasses around their houses to beautify the surroundings and to control soil erosion.展开更多
Kaiping Diaolou is a special and unique architectural style of Chinese countryside dwellings. It is famous for the rare and complex fusion of Chinese and Western architectural styles. The Diaolou is also an important ...Kaiping Diaolou is a special and unique architectural style of Chinese countryside dwellings. It is famous for the rare and complex fusion of Chinese and Western architectural styles. The Diaolou is also an important historic and cultural site as it shows China’s embrace of foreign culture in a transitional period. On June 28, 2007, Kaiping Diaolou was inscribed into the world cultural heritage list.展开更多
From the perspective of archival science,the protection of ancient houses was studied.The similarities between the protection of ancient houses and the management of archives in terms of nature and workfl ow were expl...From the perspective of archival science,the protection of ancient houses was studied.The similarities between the protection of ancient houses and the management of archives in terms of nature and workfl ow were explored theoretically.In daily life,ancient house protection and archives management complement each other.The protection of ancient houses must rely on archives.Moreover,archives will be generated in all aspects of specifi c protection work.Combined with the case analysis of the protection of ancient houses in Longyou County,Zhejiang Province,the close relationship between the two was further verified.On this basis,the current deficiencies in the protection of ancient dwellings in terms of staff,archive object,and archive collection were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were proposed.展开更多
The tuzhang houses or,literally,the clay palm houses,of the Yi ethnic minority are located in the central and southeastern parts of Yunnan Province.The traditional dwelling of the Yi people is mainly built of adobes,w...The tuzhang houses or,literally,the clay palm houses,of the Yi ethnic minority are located in the central and southeastern parts of Yunnan Province.The traditional dwelling of the Yi people is mainly built of adobes,which makes it warm in winter and cool in summer,and is strong and durable.The roofs of neighboring households are linked together,a reflection of local people’s harmonious coexistence.It is of great value in the history of folk houses.展开更多
Dwellings are usually constructed by people as per their respective needs,with the use of traditional skills.The architectural built form,layout,building materials,and local construction practices vary from one region...Dwellings are usually constructed by people as per their respective needs,with the use of traditional skills.The architectural built form,layout,building materials,and local construction practices vary from one region to the other,depending on the socio cultural and socio-economic significance.It is essential and crucial to understand the cultural significance in an ever-transforming world.Thus,a study has been attempted to analyze typical characteristics of houses in Krishna district of coastal Andhra Pradesh.As part of the study process,a few dwellings were selected which have vernacular building components and which underwent transformation(spatial,physical and esthetical)in response to the respective users’changing requirements in time and space.People’s attachment to the vernacular components of the present and earlier house was recorded.The qualitative analysis brought out that 25%of houses exhibited transformation in their built-up area while 75%exhibited transformation in terms of its spaces,components such as roof,wall,joinery and ornamentation.It was also found that the quantum of transformation which had taken place arose from different reasons in isolation and combination such as family structure,change from joint large family to a smaller nuclear family system within the same premises,property subdivision,growth in economic condition,and partial physical deterioration of building components.The principal focus of this paper is to understand the degree of people’s attachment or satisfaction level toward vernacular elements and thereby understand the social acceptance of vernacular architecture in a broader perspective.展开更多
This paper presents the experience in building low-cost houses in ferrocement technology,arched cross-section with on-site construction,using skeletal method combined with steel hollow structural sections.The author w...This paper presents the experience in building low-cost houses in ferrocement technology,arched cross-section with on-site construction,using skeletal method combined with steel hollow structural sections.The author wanted to develop a simpler,faster and more cost-effective system of the construction of smaller buildings,retaining their stability and durability,energy-efficiency and resistance to earthquakes and storm winds at the same time.The goal was to enable non-professionals to build houses in quick and simple way using standard,easily accessible materials and tools.Houses such as described in this paper were built in DR Congo(Democratic Republic of the Congo)and have proven to be,fast-to-build,safe,durable and serviceable with practically no maintenance required.In 2016,15 such houses were built in less than four months.The author has promoted the solution for construction of such houses in continent climate conditions too,using stronger frame and much better thermal insulation,without thermal bridges.展开更多
In recent years,the"mania for school district houses"has disrupted the housing market and undermined education equity and class mobility,thus becoming a common concern.Most existing research focus on market ...In recent years,the"mania for school district houses"has disrupted the housing market and undermined education equity and class mobility,thus becoming a common concern.Most existing research focus on market motivations for purchasing school district houses while neglecting the connections between school district houses and cultural and social elements in the process of class reproduction.To make up for this deficiency this article introduces the neighborhood-based cultural capital theory to explore the diversified motivations,the processes of motivation formation,and the determining factors in purchasing school district houses.Reviews and analysis of interview materials revealed that while theories based on western experience can explain the basic purchasing motivations and their formation processes,there are distinct and varied purchasing motivations in China,more comprehensive and complex forms of capital exchange,and more dynamic factors that impact purchases of school district houses.Suggestions on solving the"mania for school district houses"are also presented.展开更多
The contemporary interest,on one hand for a renewed relationship between city and natural landscape,on the other for settlement typologies intrinsically efficient from an energy standpoint took back the attention on t...The contemporary interest,on one hand for a renewed relationship between city and natural landscape,on the other for settlement typologies intrinsically efficient from an energy standpoint took back the attention on the design of the dug city,or rather,almost completely excavated.This is an emblematic model of the requirement that deals with the factors of its environment,like sun,wind,ground,shadow and flora,forcing some designers to migrate from usual design methodologies,indifferent to these design parameters,and they are careful only to the“laws of form”,in search of criteria and fine calculation tools to optimize the configuration and the structure of buildings,in order to ensure that they can be managed as“passively”as possible.What it means,with the minimum contribution of plants to ensure the best satisfaction of comfort and psychological needs of users:not only lighting,sunbathing,ventilation,thermal comfort in summer and winter,acoustic comfort,but also view characteristics,quality of lighting and sociological aspects.In general dialectic between artifice and nature,the theme of dug architecture today is faced not only as one of the most interesting and rich suggestions,but also as one of those,in which the reflection on objectives,methodologies and tools is longer necessary,to the identification of a new way of urban living and effective solutions against energy consumption.展开更多
As one drives Into western Fu]fan Province;one finds the h旧h mountains andofty ranges,b山e sky,white cloudsrtall and stra旧hi pne treesand verdant bamboo,Indeed,everything makesOP6 f66I F6旧X6d SRd hsppy SUdd6RIyl Whst
A lighthouse is a tall tower with a very bright light at the top.It Is located near the coast to guide sailors at night and to warn them of points of danger.The lighthouse acts as a traffic sign on the sea.Lighthouses...A lighthouse is a tall tower with a very bright light at the top.It Is located near the coast to guide sailors at night and to warn them of points of danger.The lighthouse acts as a traffic sign on the sea.Lighthouses have been around for a very long time.In fact,the ancient Egyptians built the first one,the Pharos of Alexandna.展开更多
People who canafford it have theirbeams and pillarscarved and painted,and have the upper part ofinner walls painted withthree colorful stripes andlower part with yellow oriight green color. On thewall are paintings,su...People who canafford it have theirbeams and pillarscarved and painted,and have the upper part ofinner walls painted withthree colorful stripes andlower part with yellow oriight green color. On thewall are paintings,such asHarmony and Longevity.The corridor walls behindthe front gate are pastedwith portraits showing peo-ple subduing tigers and theGod of Wealth driving anelephant.展开更多
文摘Live houses emerged in China during the 1990s as the country’s rock music scene began to flourish.Today,live houses can be found in almost every major city in China and have become an essential part of the country’s music culture.The growth of live houses in China has been driven by changing consumer tastes,the expansion of the music industry,and a desire for new and innovative forms of entertainment.These venues offer a unique and intimate setting for music lovers to experience live performances,fostering a sense of community and connection between artists and audiences.The cross-cultural influence of live houses in China has been substantial,with international musicians and audiences increasingly drawn to the country’s vibrant music scene.Chinese live houses have hosted a diverse range of international artists,providing opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and collaboration.As a result,live houses have become a hub for promoting Chinese culture and soft power,enhancing global cultural diversity,and increasing the visibility of Chinese artists on the international stage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(50908009)the Scientific Research Initial Foundation of Doctor,Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture(100900502)
文摘[Objective] To explore the characteristics of microbial aerosol pollution in different pig houses and provide theoretical foundation for risk assessment of microbial aerosols on human and animal health.[Method] Gestation house,nursery house and fattening house in suburb of Beijing were chosen as research objects,and the concentration,size distribution and composition characteristics of the airborne microorganisms were determined.[Result] The concentrations of airborne microorganisms were completely different in different houses under the influences of ventilation,methods of cleaning manure and pig populations.The highest concentration of airborne microrganisms was the nursery house.The particles with diameter size of 0.65-2.10 μm carried 26%-27% heterotrophic bacteria and 39%-43% fungi.They could reach alveolus of humans and animals and thus made infectious threat to health of humans and animals.The dominant heterotrophic bacteria genera were composed of Bacillus and Pseudomonas;and the dominant fungi were Penicillium and Muco.[Conclusion] Concentrations of airborne microorganisms are completely different in different houses.However,there is no significant difference between the microbial composition and type of pig houses.
基金the findings of a “Study on Architectural Culture Fusion in the Ethnic Corridor Area: A Case Study of Qiang Architecture in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River” (13XJC850002)a cultural and social science research project of the Ministry of Education in 2013the findings of a discipline project (Studies on Bashu Culture) of Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences。
文摘The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements of ethnic groups such as Baima Tibetans, Amdo Tibetans, and the Qiang people living in Wenxian county, Longnan city of Gansu province, and Maoxian, Lixian, Wenchuan, and Beichuan of Sichuan province respectively.Although VPHs of the Qiang people living in southern Songpan share many similarities with those of adjacent Tibetans in structure, construction, and spatial layout, they feature the Qiang people's unique architectural culture, and reflect a style transition from VPHs in the north to blockhouses in the south.The VPHs, as represented by those in Xiaoxinggou, play a significant role in the diversified architectural culture of this ethnic group.Their unique cultural value is worthy of further exploration and protection.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51278262)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science (Grant No.20111450987)
文摘In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelopes were selected. The field surveys included investigation on building material and construction,measurement of indoor thermal environment, infrared thermographic study of building envelopes and measurement of luminous environment. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures were below thermal comfort zone from late night till early morning and the horizontal temperature gradient was obvious. The adobe wall showed better thermal performance than the other two. As for the building layout,it is beneficial to put a storeroom on the north side of the house as a temperature buffer zone. Furthermore,due to missing insulation and the informal process of construction,significant amounts of heat escaped from building envelopes,especially from the corner of wall,ceiling and around the openings. The daylight factors on the work plan in the main rooms were accordance with design standards and the level of illuminance met the requirements of family's daily activities.
文摘Currently,people pay more and more attention to the transitional resettlement of victims after various natural disasters.There is an urgent need for a large number of temporary houses to resettle the victims after natural disasters.Disaster-relief temporary houses(DTHs)played an important role in the post-disaster resettlement in the past,which can not only be produced on a large scale,but also can be quickly and conveniently erected,which were the main means to solve the problem of transitional resettlement.However,due to their temporary nature,there was no extra energy consuming system installed in the DTHs generally.Hence the indoor thermal environment inside the DTHs was severe in summer.In this study,combined with the field experimental tests of the DTHs in Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake and the experimental study of the full-size DTH,it found that the thermal environment inside the DTH was intolerably high in summer.It had negative impact on victims.In order to improve the thermal environment inside DTHs during post-disaster period which lacked of extra energy resources,this study used the method of combining phase change materials(PCMs)with walls of the DTH to explore its feasibility and effectiveness.The results showed that PCMs could effectively improve the thermal environment inside the DTH in summer.Furthermore,the difference of the composite positions between PCMs and the wall affected the improvement effect.The energy release rate of the PCMs assembly system(PAS)varied according to the positions of the PCMs.
文摘JIANGNAN or regions south of the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, is an area with green hills and limpid waters. It has long been the epitome of natural beauty and fertility. Waterways are the main means of transportation here as the land is divided by canals into a checkerboard. Under these natural conditions, locals designed and built their houses in a unique way, the design of which gave rise to the Suzhou traditional folk house architectural style. The houses are usually not wide and have a deep interior. The layout and scale of each house varies, depending on the wealth of its owner. When seen from a distance, the cluster of houses presents an irregular beauty densely decorating the small areas of land in the region.
文摘The housing situation just after the First World War was very bad.This was due,among other things,to the huge war damage of buildings as well as years of neglecting the construction movement during 123 years of partitioning.Not only public buildings were destroyed,but most of all housing development,which at that time in the Lublin region mostly had a wooden structure.The article presents a part of a comprehensive study of the wooden architecture of the interwar period of small towns in the Lublin region.Representative examples from each type of object were discussed.
基金Sponsored by the Philosophical and Social Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(2010SJB760012)
文摘Confucian ethics, idea and behavior criterion were embodied in "everything" of life, especially in the building as an important tool for moralizing. Taking a case study on vernacular houses of Dongting East Mountain and West Mountain, this paper reveals the "moderate", "etiquette" and "benevolence" as moral contents in the building's layout, form, space, decoration and so on. The moralizing reflects a subtle way of guidance, as well as diversified and systematic characteristics. Vernacular houses deeply mingled with daily life, had unique influence as physical environment, thus realizing the implementation and manifestation of Confucian moralizing ideas that have been converted to folk customs. In sum, the Confucian moralizing function carried by vernacular houses is the product of institutions and rules, and it is also the manifestation of conscious inheritance of cultural identity.
文摘Soil erosion studies around houses in four communities in Ghana were carried out from August to November, 2010. Thirty houses were selected from each of the four communities for the study. Measurements of slope and the depth of exposed foundation of houses were done with the help of a string and a tape measure. Data were also obtained through questionnaire and interview of house owners. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure some relationships among data. In the selection of site for building a house, higher percentage of the house owners considered no factor. The major cleaning activity around the surrounding of houses was noted to be sweeping with a broom. All the houses in the communities had their foundations exposed, 57% - 93% of the houses had exposed foundations up to a level within 51 - 100 cm which was classified as “Severely Exposed”. The extent of building foundation exposed by soil erosion was found to be positively correlated with the age of building and the slope of the land. Most of the respondents controlled soil erosion by blocking water ways with materials such as, sand heaps, stones and sacks filled with soil. Only 10% of the respondents from one of the communities planted grasses around their houses to control soil erosion. Communities need to be educated to plant grasses around their houses to beautify the surroundings and to control soil erosion.
文摘Kaiping Diaolou is a special and unique architectural style of Chinese countryside dwellings. It is famous for the rare and complex fusion of Chinese and Western architectural styles. The Diaolou is also an important historic and cultural site as it shows China’s embrace of foreign culture in a transitional period. On June 28, 2007, Kaiping Diaolou was inscribed into the world cultural heritage list.
文摘From the perspective of archival science,the protection of ancient houses was studied.The similarities between the protection of ancient houses and the management of archives in terms of nature and workfl ow were explored theoretically.In daily life,ancient house protection and archives management complement each other.The protection of ancient houses must rely on archives.Moreover,archives will be generated in all aspects of specifi c protection work.Combined with the case analysis of the protection of ancient houses in Longyou County,Zhejiang Province,the close relationship between the two was further verified.On this basis,the current deficiencies in the protection of ancient dwellings in terms of staff,archive object,and archive collection were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were proposed.
文摘The tuzhang houses or,literally,the clay palm houses,of the Yi ethnic minority are located in the central and southeastern parts of Yunnan Province.The traditional dwelling of the Yi people is mainly built of adobes,which makes it warm in winter and cool in summer,and is strong and durable.The roofs of neighboring households are linked together,a reflection of local people’s harmonious coexistence.It is of great value in the history of folk houses.
文摘Dwellings are usually constructed by people as per their respective needs,with the use of traditional skills.The architectural built form,layout,building materials,and local construction practices vary from one region to the other,depending on the socio cultural and socio-economic significance.It is essential and crucial to understand the cultural significance in an ever-transforming world.Thus,a study has been attempted to analyze typical characteristics of houses in Krishna district of coastal Andhra Pradesh.As part of the study process,a few dwellings were selected which have vernacular building components and which underwent transformation(spatial,physical and esthetical)in response to the respective users’changing requirements in time and space.People’s attachment to the vernacular components of the present and earlier house was recorded.The qualitative analysis brought out that 25%of houses exhibited transformation in their built-up area while 75%exhibited transformation in terms of its spaces,components such as roof,wall,joinery and ornamentation.It was also found that the quantum of transformation which had taken place arose from different reasons in isolation and combination such as family structure,change from joint large family to a smaller nuclear family system within the same premises,property subdivision,growth in economic condition,and partial physical deterioration of building components.The principal focus of this paper is to understand the degree of people’s attachment or satisfaction level toward vernacular elements and thereby understand the social acceptance of vernacular architecture in a broader perspective.
文摘This paper presents the experience in building low-cost houses in ferrocement technology,arched cross-section with on-site construction,using skeletal method combined with steel hollow structural sections.The author wanted to develop a simpler,faster and more cost-effective system of the construction of smaller buildings,retaining their stability and durability,energy-efficiency and resistance to earthquakes and storm winds at the same time.The goal was to enable non-professionals to build houses in quick and simple way using standard,easily accessible materials and tools.Houses such as described in this paper were built in DR Congo(Democratic Republic of the Congo)and have proven to be,fast-to-build,safe,durable and serviceable with practically no maintenance required.In 2016,15 such houses were built in less than four months.The author has promoted the solution for construction of such houses in continent climate conditions too,using stronger frame and much better thermal insulation,without thermal bridges.
基金a phased result of “The formation of youth housing ownership preference” of the Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministrythe “International comparison research in solving the housing issue of ‘sandwich class’ in Beijing”(No.17GLC038)of Beijing Social Science Fund for Youth Projects in 2017
文摘In recent years,the"mania for school district houses"has disrupted the housing market and undermined education equity and class mobility,thus becoming a common concern.Most existing research focus on market motivations for purchasing school district houses while neglecting the connections between school district houses and cultural and social elements in the process of class reproduction.To make up for this deficiency this article introduces the neighborhood-based cultural capital theory to explore the diversified motivations,the processes of motivation formation,and the determining factors in purchasing school district houses.Reviews and analysis of interview materials revealed that while theories based on western experience can explain the basic purchasing motivations and their formation processes,there are distinct and varied purchasing motivations in China,more comprehensive and complex forms of capital exchange,and more dynamic factors that impact purchases of school district houses.Suggestions on solving the"mania for school district houses"are also presented.
文摘The contemporary interest,on one hand for a renewed relationship between city and natural landscape,on the other for settlement typologies intrinsically efficient from an energy standpoint took back the attention on the design of the dug city,or rather,almost completely excavated.This is an emblematic model of the requirement that deals with the factors of its environment,like sun,wind,ground,shadow and flora,forcing some designers to migrate from usual design methodologies,indifferent to these design parameters,and they are careful only to the“laws of form”,in search of criteria and fine calculation tools to optimize the configuration and the structure of buildings,in order to ensure that they can be managed as“passively”as possible.What it means,with the minimum contribution of plants to ensure the best satisfaction of comfort and psychological needs of users:not only lighting,sunbathing,ventilation,thermal comfort in summer and winter,acoustic comfort,but also view characteristics,quality of lighting and sociological aspects.In general dialectic between artifice and nature,the theme of dug architecture today is faced not only as one of the most interesting and rich suggestions,but also as one of those,in which the reflection on objectives,methodologies and tools is longer necessary,to the identification of a new way of urban living and effective solutions against energy consumption.
文摘A lighthouse is a tall tower with a very bright light at the top.It Is located near the coast to guide sailors at night and to warn them of points of danger.The lighthouse acts as a traffic sign on the sea.Lighthouses have been around for a very long time.In fact,the ancient Egyptians built the first one,the Pharos of Alexandna.
文摘People who canafford it have theirbeams and pillarscarved and painted,and have the upper part ofinner walls painted withthree colorful stripes andlower part with yellow oriight green color. On thewall are paintings,such asHarmony and Longevity.The corridor walls behindthe front gate are pastedwith portraits showing peo-ple subduing tigers and theGod of Wealth driving anelephant.
