Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydro...Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.展开更多
Soft robot incarnates its unique advantages in deep-sea exploration,but grapples with high hydrostatic pressure’s unpredictable impact on its mechanical performances.In our previous work,a self-powered soft robot sho...Soft robot incarnates its unique advantages in deep-sea exploration,but grapples with high hydrostatic pressure’s unpredictable impact on its mechanical performances.In our previous work,a self-powered soft robot showed excellent work performance in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 11000 m,yet experienced notable degradation in deforming capability.Here,we propose a magnetic loading method for characterizing elastomer’s mechanical properties under extremely high hydrostatic pressure of up to 120 MPa.This method facilitates remote loading and enables in-situ observation,so that the dimensions and deformation at high hydrostatic pressure are obtained and used for calculations.The results reveal that the Young’s modulus of Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)monotonously increases with pressure.It is found that the relative increase in Young’s modulus is determined by its initial value,which is 8% for an initial Young’s modulus of 2200 kPa and 38% for 660 kPa.The relation between initial Young’s modulus and relevant increase can be fitted by an exponential function.The bulk modulus of PDMS is about 1.4 GPa at 20℃ and is barely affected by hydrostatic pressure.The method can quantify alterations in the mechanical properties of elastomers induced by hydrostatic pressure,and provide guidance for the design of soft robots which serve in extreme pressure environment.展开更多
Objective Bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)results in significant fibrosis in the chronic stage and elevated bladder pressure.Piezo1 is a type of mechanosensitive(MS)channel that directly responds to mechanical stimuli....Objective Bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)results in significant fibrosis in the chronic stage and elevated bladder pressure.Piezo1 is a type of mechanosensitive(MS)channel that directly responds to mechanical stimuli.To identify new targets for intervention in the treatment of BOO-induced fibrosis,this study investigated the impact of high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)on Piezo1 activity and the progression of bladder fibrosis.Methods Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to assess the protein abundance of Piezo1 in fibroblasts from obstructed rat bladders.Bladder fibroblasts were cultured under normal atmospheric conditions(0 cmH_(2)O)or exposed to HHP(50 cmH_(2)O or 100 cmH_(2)O).Agonists or inhibitors of Piezo1,YAP1,and ROCK1 were used to determine the underlying mechanism.Results The Piezo1 protein levels in fibroblasts from the obstructed bladder exhibited an elevation compared to the control group.HHP significantly promoted the expression of various pro-fibrotic factors and induced proliferation of fibroblasts.Additionally,the protein expression levels of Piezo1,YAP1,ROCK1 were elevated,and calcium influx was increased as the pressure increased.These effects were attenuated by the Piezo1 inhibitor Dooku1.The Piezo1 activator Yoda1 induced the expression of pro-fibrotic factors and the proliferation of fibroblasts,and elevated the protein levels of YAP1 and ROCK1 under normal atmospheric conditions in vitro.However,these effects could be partially inhibited by YAP1 or ROCK inhibitors.展开更多
Seafood,as a primary high-quality protein source,plays an increasingly vital role in diets around the world,while seafood allergy is a worldwide health problem that affects the quality of life and may even threaten li...Seafood,as a primary high-quality protein source,plays an increasingly vital role in diets around the world,while seafood allergy is a worldwide health problem that affects the quality of life and may even threaten lives.High hydrostatic pressure(HHP),a novel non-thermal processing technology,shows the unique potential in alleviating seafood allergenicity.This comment provides a brief introduction of potential of high hydrostatic pressure in reducing the allergenicity of seafood.展开更多
The shear failure of rocks under both a static triaxial stress and a dynamic disturbance is common in deep underground engineering and it is therefore essential for the design of underground engineering to quantitivel...The shear failure of rocks under both a static triaxial stress and a dynamic disturbance is common in deep underground engineering and it is therefore essential for the design of underground engineering to quantitively estimate the dynamic ModeⅡfracture toughness KⅡCof rocks under a triaxial stress state.However,the method for determining the dynamic KⅡCof rocks under a triaxial stress has not been developed yet.With an optimal sample preparation,the short core in compression(SCC)method was designed and verified in this study to measure the dynamic KⅡCof Fangshan marble(FM)subjected to different hydrostatic pressures through a triaxial dynamic testing system.The formula for calculating the dynamic KⅡCof the rock SCC specimen under hydrostatic pressures was obtained by using the finite element method in combination with secondary cracks.The experimental results indicate that the failure mode of the rock SCC specimen under a hydrostatic pressure is the shear fracture and the KⅡCof FM increases as the loading rate.In addition,at a given loading rate the dynamic rock KⅡCis barely affected by hydrostatic pressures.Another important observation is that the dynamic fracture energy of FM enhances with loading rates and hydrostatic pressures.展开更多
Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the present work and a second orderquadratic equation for high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation was built. Theadequacy of the model equation for predicting the...Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the present work and a second orderquadratic equation for high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation was built. Theadequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verifiedeffectively by the validation data. Effects of temperature, pressure, and pressureholding time on HHP inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were explored. Byanalyzing the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots as well assolving the quadratic equation, the optimum process parameters for inactivation E. coliof six log cycles were obtained as: temperature 32.2℃, pressure 346.4 MPa, and pressureholding time 12.6min.展开更多
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vibration dispersion characteristics of fluid-shell coupled structures was studied.Both fluid-loaded cylindrical shells and fluid-filled cylindrical shells were considered.Num...The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vibration dispersion characteristics of fluid-shell coupled structures was studied.Both fluid-loaded cylindrical shells and fluid-filled cylindrical shells were considered.Numerical analysis was applied to solve the dispersion equations for shells filled with or loaded with fluid at various hydrostatic pressures.The results for external pressure showed that non-dimensional axial wave numbers are nearly independent when the pressure is below the critical level.The influence of internal pressure on wave numbers was found significant for the real branch s=1 and the complex branches of dispersion curves.The presence of internal pressure increased the cut on frequencies for the branch s=1 for high order wave modes.展开更多
The manipulation of the chromosome set for commercially valuable marine animals is important for enhancing aquacultural production. In this study, triploid and tetraploid sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were induc...The manipulation of the chromosome set for commercially valuable marine animals is important for enhancing aquacultural production. In this study, triploid and tetraploid sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were induced by hydrostatic pressure shock, and the conditions of appropriate induction were tested with different starting times, and hydrostatic pressure intensities and durations. The highest rate of triploid induction reached 20% and that of tetraploid was 60%. In consideration of the survival rate and hatch rate, the appropriate treatment for triploid was 55 Mpa of hydrostatic pressure for 5 rain at 55 min after fertilization （a.f.）, while for tetraploid it was 60 Mpa for 5 rain at 61 min a.f. The triploid of the sea cucumber could survive through the pelagic larval stage and attachment stage, and develop like the control group of the experiment. The tetraploid, however, could not survive the attachment stage.展开更多
As a non-thermal processing technology,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents.The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the tre...As a non-thermal processing technology,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents.The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the treatment time of HHP.In this paper,we investigated the impacts of HHP treatment time(0,5,10,15,20,25,30 min)on the microstructure,gelatinization and thermal properties as well as in vitro digestibility of oat starch by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,13C NMR and differential scanning calorimeter.Results showed that 5-min HHP treatment led to deformation and decreases in short-range ordered and doublehelix structures of oat starch granules,and further extending the treatment time to 15 min or above caused the formation of a gelatinous connection zone,increase of particle size,disintegration of short-range ordered and double-helix structures,and crystal structure change from A type to V type,indicating gelatinization occurred.Longer treatment time also resulted in the reduction in both the viscosity and the stability of oat starch.These indicated that HHP treatment time greatly influenced the microstructure of oat starch,and the oat starch experienced crystalline destruction(5 min),crystalline disintegration(15 min)and gelatinization(>15 min)during HHP treatment.Results of in vitro digestibility showed that the rapidly digestible starch(RDS)content declined first after treatment for 5 to 10 min then rose with the time extending from 15 to 30 min,indicating that longer pressure treatment time was unfavourable to the health benefits of oat starch for humans with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Therefore,the 500-MPa treatment time for oat starch is recommended not more than 15 min.This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of HHP technology in starch modification and development of health foods.展开更多
The research into the hydrostatic pressure in the crust has been previously conducted from the viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the gravity, based on the fact that the hydrostatic pressure is derive...The research into the hydrostatic pressure in the crust has been previously conducted from the viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the gravity, based on the fact that the hydrostatic pressure is derived mainly from the gravity of its overlying rocks. In this paper, the stress state of any point in the crust is suggested to have been caused by both the gravity and the tectonic force. The author proposes that the hydrostatic pressure is a combination or superposition of two isotropic stresses in the tectonic force and gravity stress fields. The results obtained with a finite element simulation indicate that the additional hydrostatic pressure borne by rocks decreases gradually from the compression zone ( p s c), the shear zone ( p s sh ) to the tensile zone ( p s t), and that the difference in the additional tectonic hydrostatic pressure between these deformed zones tends to increase, following the increase in the absolute value and/or the difference in external forces between different directions. This paper presents the foundation for the research into the tectonic physicochemistry.展开更多
The initial geometric imperfection is one of the primary factors affecting the buckling behaviors of composite cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure.In this study,ovality and thickness variations as two repres...The initial geometric imperfection is one of the primary factors affecting the buckling behaviors of composite cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure.In this study,ovality and thickness variations as two representative types of the geometric imperfections are considered.After measuring the geometric imperfections,a typical carbon fiber reinforced polymers(CFRP)cylindrical shell is tested to obtain the buckling pressure.The buckling behaviors of the shell sample are analyzed in combination with the strain responses.By using the nonlinear numerical analysis,the buckling shapes of the CFRP cylinder shells with different combinations of ovality and thickness variation are firstly discussed.The rules of influence of such imperfections on the buckling pressure are then obtained by nonlinear regression method.Finally,an empirical formula is proposed to predict the buckling pressure of the composite cylinder shells,and the calculated results from the formula are in good agreement with the numerical results.展开更多
Simultaneous effects of conduction band non-parabolicity and hydrostatic pressure on the binding energies of 1S, 2S, and 2P states along with diamagnetic susceptibility of an on-center hydrogenic impurity confined in ...Simultaneous effects of conduction band non-parabolicity and hydrostatic pressure on the binding energies of 1S, 2S, and 2P states along with diamagnetic susceptibility of an on-center hydrogenic impurity confined in typical GaAs/Alx- Ga1-x As spherical quantum dots are theoretically investigated using the matrix diagonalization method. In this regard, the effect of band non-parabolieity has been performed using the Luttinger-Kohn effective mass equation. The binding energies and the diamagnetic susceptibility of the hydrogenic impurity are computed as a function of the dot radius and different values of the pressure in the presence of conduction band non-parabolicity effect. The results we arrived at are as follows： the incorporation of the band edge non-parabolicity increases the binding energies and decreases the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility for a given pressure and radius; the binding energies increase and the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility reduces with increasing pressure.展开更多
Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L. ), Mutant 1, Mutant 2 and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluores...Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L. ), Mutant 1, Mutant 2 and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence during different growth stages. In all the three mutants, the function of PSⅡ was improved, F_v/F_m ratio of mutants increased compared to their parent at tillering and heading stage, and ΦPSⅡ also improved except for Mutant 2 at heading stage. Similar to their parent, the mutants exhibited slight photoinhibition at noon and almost complete recovery to initial levels of 6:00 after 18:00 at heading stage. At milking stage, the photoinhibition in the mutants was obvious, and recovered rapidly compared to the parent. Yields of individual plant and grain/straw ratio were also higher in three mutants than the parent. Results indicated that characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mutants and their photoinhibition in the field had changed. It is suggested that high hydrostatic pressure induction could be applied as a new effective approach in high-yield rice breeding in the future.展开更多
Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)is one of the most important nutrients for bacteria in the deep-sea environment and is capable of improving pressure tolerance of certain bacterial strains.To assess the impact of TMAO on m...Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)is one of the most important nutrients for bacteria in the deep-sea environment and is capable of improving pressure tolerance of certain bacterial strains.To assess the impact of TMAO on marine microorganisms,especially those dwelling in the deep-sea environment,we analyzed the bacterial community structure of deep-sea sediments after incubated under different conditions.Enrichments at 50 MPa and 0.1 MPa revealed that TMAO imposed a greater influence on bacterial diversity and community composition at atmospheric pressure condition than that under high hydrostatic pressure(HHP).We found that pressure was the primary factor that determines the bacterial community.Meanwhile,in total,238 bacterial strains were isolated from the enrichments,including 112 strains a ffiliated to 16 genera of 4 phyla from the Yap Trench and 126 strains a ffiliated to 11 genera of 2 phyla from the Mariana Trench.Treatment of HHP reduced both abundance and diversity of isolates,while the presence of TMAO mainly af fected the diversity of isolates obtained.In addition,certain genera were isolated only when TMAO was supplemented.Taken together,we demonstrated that pressure primarily defines the bacterial community and culturable bacterial isolates.Furthermore,we showed for the first time that TMAO had distinct influences on bacterial community depending on the pressure condition.The results enriched the understanding of the significance of TMAO in bacterial adaptation to the deep-sea environment.展开更多
The electronic band structure of GaxIn1-xAs alloy is calculated by using the local empirical pseudo-potential method including the effective disorder potential in the virtual crystal approximation. The compositional e...The electronic band structure of GaxIn1-xAs alloy is calculated by using the local empirical pseudo-potential method including the effective disorder potential in the virtual crystal approximation. The compositional effect of the electronic energy band structure of this alloy is studied with composition x ranging from 0 to 1. Various physical quantities such as band gaps, bowing parameters, refractive indices, and high frequency dielectric constants of the considered alloys with different Ga concentrations are calculated. The effects of both temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the calculated quantities are studied. The obtained results are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental and published data.展开更多
High hydrostatic pressure（HHP） processing is applied to a Konjac glucomannan（KGM）-casein（CS） mixture to explore the changes in the mixture＇s properties and microstructures.The mixture＇s viscosity increases by ...High hydrostatic pressure（HHP） processing is applied to a Konjac glucomannan（KGM）-casein（CS） mixture to explore the changes in the mixture＇s properties and microstructures.The mixture＇s viscosity increases by -18.1% at low HHP（200 MPa） and decreases by about 5.3-31.7% at high HHP（600 MPa）.Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that low HHP induces a denser and more compact structure,and high HHP leads to a porous and reticular structure.X-ray diffraction shows that the mixture is amorphous without dramatic changes; only some small crystalline peaks appear under excessive pressure.Fourier transform infrared analysis indicates that the non-covalent interactions（hydrogen bonds,etc.） are probably the most important factors for the modification of mixture properties.Bonding enhances under low pressure,and weakens with increasing pressure and time.展开更多
The effects of high hydrostatic pressure （HHP） treatment on sea cucumber qualities, such as shelf-life, autoenzyme, total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N）, mucopolysaccha ride and protein, were investigated experim...The effects of high hydrostatic pressure （HHP） treatment on sea cucumber qualities, such as shelf-life, autoenzyme, total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N）, mucopolysaccha ride and protein, were investigated experimentally. The shelf-life of sea cucumber was greatly prolonged by HHP treatment. High pressure treatment of sea cucumber significantly reduced the activity of autoenzyme at 550 MPa. The TVB-N content was 8.4 mg/100 g in the HHP-treated samples after 38 days＇ storage at 4 ~C, while it had already reached 11.2 mg/100 g in the untreated ones after 5 days＇ storage under the same condition. The relative mucopolysaccharide content of the HHP-treated samples was 94.3%, while that of the heat-treated ones was only 35.5%. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）, Differential scanning calorimetric （DSC）, ANS fluorescence probe method and fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy results indicated some changes in protein subunits, denaturation, surface hydrophobicity and secondary structure of sea cucumber protein. This study has provided complementary information of pressure-induced structural changes on both the molecular and the sub-molecular level of sea cucumber protein.展开更多
Composite diaphragm inflation （CDI） experiment is a useful methodology for exploring the mechanics relation of cell-cell junctions within a living epithelial sheet. In this paper, a new methodology of CDI experiment...Composite diaphragm inflation （CDI） experiment is a useful methodology for exploring the mechanics relation of cell-cell junctions within a living epithelial sheet. In this paper, a new methodology of CDI experiment has been put forward. The finite deformation of a circular polydimezhylsiloxane elastomeric membrane, which is used as the substrate for the culture of epithelial cells, under hydrostatic pressure is explored by the theory of non-linear continuum mechanics. The simplified governing equations with minimum amount of differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained and solved by multiple shooting method. The influences on the membrane by hydrostatic pressure have been discussed.展开更多
The control of the piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell's vibration under hydrostatic pressure was discussed. From Hamilton's principle nonlinear dynamic equations of the piezoelastic laminated cyl...The control of the piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell's vibration under hydrostatic pressure was discussed. From Hamilton's principle nonlinear dynamic equations of the piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell were derived. Based on which, the dynamic equations of a closed piezoelastic cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure are obtained. An analytical solution was presented for the case of vibration of a simply supported piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure. Using veloctity feedback control, a model for active vibration control of the laminated cylindrical shell with piezoelastic sensor/actuator is established. Numerical results show that, the static deflection of the cylindrical shell can be changed when voltages with suitable value and direction are applied on the piezoelectric layers. For the dynamic response problem of the system, the larger the gain is, the more the vibration of the system is suppressed in the vicinity of the resonant zone. This presents a potential way to actively reduce the harmful effect of the resonance on the system and verify the feasibility of the active vibration control model.展开更多
This study aimed to restore the ultimate strength of dented stainless-steel hemispheres with a radius of 90 mm and a thickness of 0.86 mm.All of the hemispheres were subjected to external hydrostatic pressure.Small st...This study aimed to restore the ultimate strength of dented stainless-steel hemispheres with a radius of 90 mm and a thickness of 0.86 mm.All of the hemispheres were subjected to external hydrostatic pressure.Small stainless-steel stiffened caps were used to eliminate the effect of indention on the ultimate strength.These caps had a radius of 36 mm,a thickness of 0.76 mm,and a height of 10.44 mm.Six hemispherical samples,including two intact hemispheres,two dented hemispheres without stiffening,and two dented hemispheres with stiffening,were prepared.Each hemi-sphere was geometrically measured for shape and thickness,hydrostatically tested for destruction,and numerically evaluated for comparison.The experimental and numerical data agreed well with each other.As a result,a spherical cap can effectively restore the ultimate strength of dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure.The proposed restoration approach can be used to strengthen underwater pressure hulls with large local geometric imperfections.展开更多
基金supported by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Bohai University (05013/0520bs006)the Science and Technology Project of“Unveiling and Commanding”Liaoning Province (2021JH1/10400033)the Scientific Research Project from Education Department of Liaoning Province (LJ2020010)。
文摘Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205424)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2125009,92048302)+2 种基金in part by Laoshan laboratory(Grant No.LSKJ202205300)in part by‘Pioneer’R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2023C03007)in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY23A020001).
文摘Soft robot incarnates its unique advantages in deep-sea exploration,but grapples with high hydrostatic pressure’s unpredictable impact on its mechanical performances.In our previous work,a self-powered soft robot showed excellent work performance in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 11000 m,yet experienced notable degradation in deforming capability.Here,we propose a magnetic loading method for characterizing elastomer’s mechanical properties under extremely high hydrostatic pressure of up to 120 MPa.This method facilitates remote loading and enables in-situ observation,so that the dimensions and deformation at high hydrostatic pressure are obtained and used for calculations.The results reveal that the Young’s modulus of Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)monotonously increases with pressure.It is found that the relative increase in Young’s modulus is determined by its initial value,which is 8% for an initial Young’s modulus of 2200 kPa and 38% for 660 kPa.The relation between initial Young’s modulus and relevant increase can be fitted by an exponential function.The bulk modulus of PDMS is about 1.4 GPa at 20℃ and is barely affected by hydrostatic pressure.The method can quantify alterations in the mechanical properties of elastomers induced by hydrostatic pressure,and provide guidance for the design of soft robots which serve in extreme pressure environment.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82270812)Medical Innovation and Transformation Incubation Project of Tongji Hospital(No.2022ZHFY11).
文摘Objective Bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)results in significant fibrosis in the chronic stage and elevated bladder pressure.Piezo1 is a type of mechanosensitive(MS)channel that directly responds to mechanical stimuli.To identify new targets for intervention in the treatment of BOO-induced fibrosis,this study investigated the impact of high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)on Piezo1 activity and the progression of bladder fibrosis.Methods Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to assess the protein abundance of Piezo1 in fibroblasts from obstructed rat bladders.Bladder fibroblasts were cultured under normal atmospheric conditions(0 cmH_(2)O)or exposed to HHP(50 cmH_(2)O or 100 cmH_(2)O).Agonists or inhibitors of Piezo1,YAP1,and ROCK1 were used to determine the underlying mechanism.Results The Piezo1 protein levels in fibroblasts from the obstructed bladder exhibited an elevation compared to the control group.HHP significantly promoted the expression of various pro-fibrotic factors and induced proliferation of fibroblasts.Additionally,the protein expression levels of Piezo1,YAP1,ROCK1 were elevated,and calcium influx was increased as the pressure increased.These effects were attenuated by the Piezo1 inhibitor Dooku1.The Piezo1 activator Yoda1 induced the expression of pro-fibrotic factors and the proliferation of fibroblasts,and elevated the protein levels of YAP1 and ROCK1 under normal atmospheric conditions in vitro.However,these effects could be partially inhibited by YAP1 or ROCK inhibitors.
文摘Seafood,as a primary high-quality protein source,plays an increasingly vital role in diets around the world,while seafood allergy is a worldwide health problem that affects the quality of life and may even threaten lives.High hydrostatic pressure(HHP),a novel non-thermal processing technology,shows the unique potential in alleviating seafood allergenicity.This comment provides a brief introduction of potential of high hydrostatic pressure in reducing the allergenicity of seafood.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)(No.72031326)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52079091)+2 种基金supported by Academy of Finland under Grant No.322518supported by the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Beijing Institute of Technology)The opening project number is KFJJ20-01M。
文摘The shear failure of rocks under both a static triaxial stress and a dynamic disturbance is common in deep underground engineering and it is therefore essential for the design of underground engineering to quantitively estimate the dynamic ModeⅡfracture toughness KⅡCof rocks under a triaxial stress state.However,the method for determining the dynamic KⅡCof rocks under a triaxial stress has not been developed yet.With an optimal sample preparation,the short core in compression(SCC)method was designed and verified in this study to measure the dynamic KⅡCof Fangshan marble(FM)subjected to different hydrostatic pressures through a triaxial dynamic testing system.The formula for calculating the dynamic KⅡCof the rock SCC specimen under hydrostatic pressures was obtained by using the finite element method in combination with secondary cracks.The experimental results indicate that the failure mode of the rock SCC specimen under a hydrostatic pressure is the shear fracture and the KⅡCof FM increases as the loading rate.In addition,at a given loading rate the dynamic rock KⅡCis barely affected by hydrostatic pressures.Another important observation is that the dynamic fracture energy of FM enhances with loading rates and hydrostatic pressures.
文摘Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the present work and a second orderquadratic equation for high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation was built. Theadequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verifiedeffectively by the validation data. Effects of temperature, pressure, and pressureholding time on HHP inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were explored. Byanalyzing the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots as well assolving the quadratic equation, the optimum process parameters for inactivation E. coliof six log cycles were obtained as: temperature 32.2℃, pressure 346.4 MPa, and pressureholding time 12.6min.
文摘The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vibration dispersion characteristics of fluid-shell coupled structures was studied.Both fluid-loaded cylindrical shells and fluid-filled cylindrical shells were considered.Numerical analysis was applied to solve the dispersion equations for shells filled with or loaded with fluid at various hydrostatic pressures.The results for external pressure showed that non-dimensional axial wave numbers are nearly independent when the pressure is below the critical level.The influence of internal pressure on wave numbers was found significant for the real branch s=1 and the complex branches of dispersion curves.The presence of internal pressure increased the cut on frequencies for the branch s=1 for high order wave modes.
基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No.2506AA10A411)by the Dalian Natural Science Foundation (No. 99058)
文摘The manipulation of the chromosome set for commercially valuable marine animals is important for enhancing aquacultural production. In this study, triploid and tetraploid sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were induced by hydrostatic pressure shock, and the conditions of appropriate induction were tested with different starting times, and hydrostatic pressure intensities and durations. The highest rate of triploid induction reached 20% and that of tetraploid was 60%. In consideration of the survival rate and hatch rate, the appropriate treatment for triploid was 55 Mpa of hydrostatic pressure for 5 rain at 55 min after fertilization （a.f.）, while for tetraploid it was 60 Mpa for 5 rain at 61 min a.f. The triploid of the sea cucumber could survive through the pelagic larval stage and attachment stage, and develop like the control group of the experiment. The tetraploid, however, could not survive the attachment stage.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31760468 and32060515)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project (No.2020GG0064)
文摘As a non-thermal processing technology,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents.The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the treatment time of HHP.In this paper,we investigated the impacts of HHP treatment time(0,5,10,15,20,25,30 min)on the microstructure,gelatinization and thermal properties as well as in vitro digestibility of oat starch by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,13C NMR and differential scanning calorimeter.Results showed that 5-min HHP treatment led to deformation and decreases in short-range ordered and doublehelix structures of oat starch granules,and further extending the treatment time to 15 min or above caused the formation of a gelatinous connection zone,increase of particle size,disintegration of short-range ordered and double-helix structures,and crystal structure change from A type to V type,indicating gelatinization occurred.Longer treatment time also resulted in the reduction in both the viscosity and the stability of oat starch.These indicated that HHP treatment time greatly influenced the microstructure of oat starch,and the oat starch experienced crystalline destruction(5 min),crystalline disintegration(15 min)and gelatinization(>15 min)during HHP treatment.Results of in vitro digestibility showed that the rapidly digestible starch(RDS)content declined first after treatment for 5 to 10 min then rose with the time extending from 15 to 30 min,indicating that longer pressure treatment time was unfavourable to the health benefits of oat starch for humans with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Therefore,the 500-MPa treatment time for oat starch is recommended not more than 15 min.This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of HHP technology in starch modification and development of health foods.
文摘The research into the hydrostatic pressure in the crust has been previously conducted from the viewpoint that the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the gravity, based on the fact that the hydrostatic pressure is derived mainly from the gravity of its overlying rocks. In this paper, the stress state of any point in the crust is suggested to have been caused by both the gravity and the tectonic force. The author proposes that the hydrostatic pressure is a combination or superposition of two isotropic stresses in the tectonic force and gravity stress fields. The results obtained with a finite element simulation indicate that the additional hydrostatic pressure borne by rocks decreases gradually from the compression zone ( p s c), the shear zone ( p s sh ) to the tensile zone ( p s t), and that the difference in the additional tectonic hydrostatic pressure between these deformed zones tends to increase, following the increase in the absolute value and/or the difference in external forces between different directions. This paper presents the foundation for the research into the tectonic physicochemistry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51909219)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0301300)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3102019JC006)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grand No.2020M673492)。
文摘The initial geometric imperfection is one of the primary factors affecting the buckling behaviors of composite cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure.In this study,ovality and thickness variations as two representative types of the geometric imperfections are considered.After measuring the geometric imperfections,a typical carbon fiber reinforced polymers(CFRP)cylindrical shell is tested to obtain the buckling pressure.The buckling behaviors of the shell sample are analyzed in combination with the strain responses.By using the nonlinear numerical analysis,the buckling shapes of the CFRP cylinder shells with different combinations of ovality and thickness variation are firstly discussed.The rules of influence of such imperfections on the buckling pressure are then obtained by nonlinear regression method.Finally,an empirical formula is proposed to predict the buckling pressure of the composite cylinder shells,and the calculated results from the formula are in good agreement with the numerical results.
文摘Simultaneous effects of conduction band non-parabolicity and hydrostatic pressure on the binding energies of 1S, 2S, and 2P states along with diamagnetic susceptibility of an on-center hydrogenic impurity confined in typical GaAs/Alx- Ga1-x As spherical quantum dots are theoretically investigated using the matrix diagonalization method. In this regard, the effect of band non-parabolieity has been performed using the Luttinger-Kohn effective mass equation. The binding energies and the diamagnetic susceptibility of the hydrogenic impurity are computed as a function of the dot radius and different values of the pressure in the presence of conduction band non-parabolicity effect. The results we arrived at are as follows： the incorporation of the band edge non-parabolicity increases the binding energies and decreases the absolute value of the diamagnetic susceptibility for a given pressure and radius; the binding energies increase and the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility reduces with increasing pressure.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(30070426)the Program of Agri-cultural Office of Chinese Acdemy of Sciencesthe State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(G1 998010100).
文摘Three mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L. ), Mutant 1, Mutant 2 and Mutant 3, which were selected by high hydrostatic pressure (75 MPa), and their parent Yuexiangzhan were used to study the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence during different growth stages. In all the three mutants, the function of PSⅡ was improved, F_v/F_m ratio of mutants increased compared to their parent at tillering and heading stage, and ΦPSⅡ also improved except for Mutant 2 at heading stage. Similar to their parent, the mutants exhibited slight photoinhibition at noon and almost complete recovery to initial levels of 6:00 after 18:00 at heading stage. At milking stage, the photoinhibition in the mutants was obvious, and recovered rapidly compared to the parent. Yields of individual plant and grain/straw ratio were also higher in three mutants than the parent. Results indicated that characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mutants and their photoinhibition in the field had changed. It is suggested that high hydrostatic pressure induction could be applied as a new effective approach in high-yield rice breeding in the future.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91751108,91751202,41806174,41506147)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0302502,2016YFC0304905,2018YFC0309904)+1 种基金the Sanya Municipal(Nos.2018YD01,2018YD02)the grant for LIA-Mag MC from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
文摘Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)is one of the most important nutrients for bacteria in the deep-sea environment and is capable of improving pressure tolerance of certain bacterial strains.To assess the impact of TMAO on marine microorganisms,especially those dwelling in the deep-sea environment,we analyzed the bacterial community structure of deep-sea sediments after incubated under different conditions.Enrichments at 50 MPa and 0.1 MPa revealed that TMAO imposed a greater influence on bacterial diversity and community composition at atmospheric pressure condition than that under high hydrostatic pressure(HHP).We found that pressure was the primary factor that determines the bacterial community.Meanwhile,in total,238 bacterial strains were isolated from the enrichments,including 112 strains a ffiliated to 16 genera of 4 phyla from the Yap Trench and 126 strains a ffiliated to 11 genera of 2 phyla from the Mariana Trench.Treatment of HHP reduced both abundance and diversity of isolates,while the presence of TMAO mainly af fected the diversity of isolates obtained.In addition,certain genera were isolated only when TMAO was supplemented.Taken together,we demonstrated that pressure primarily defines the bacterial community and culturable bacterial isolates.Furthermore,we showed for the first time that TMAO had distinct influences on bacterial community depending on the pressure condition.The results enriched the understanding of the significance of TMAO in bacterial adaptation to the deep-sea environment.
文摘The electronic band structure of GaxIn1-xAs alloy is calculated by using the local empirical pseudo-potential method including the effective disorder potential in the virtual crystal approximation. The compositional effect of the electronic energy band structure of this alloy is studied with composition x ranging from 0 to 1. Various physical quantities such as band gaps, bowing parameters, refractive indices, and high frequency dielectric constants of the considered alloys with different Ga concentrations are calculated. The effects of both temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the calculated quantities are studied. The obtained results are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental and published data.
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M551502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31301599)
文摘High hydrostatic pressure（HHP） processing is applied to a Konjac glucomannan（KGM）-casein（CS） mixture to explore the changes in the mixture＇s properties and microstructures.The mixture＇s viscosity increases by -18.1% at low HHP（200 MPa） and decreases by about 5.3-31.7% at high HHP（600 MPa）.Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that low HHP induces a denser and more compact structure,and high HHP leads to a porous and reticular structure.X-ray diffraction shows that the mixture is amorphous without dramatic changes; only some small crystalline peaks appear under excessive pressure.Fourier transform infrared analysis indicates that the non-covalent interactions（hydrogen bonds,etc.） are probably the most important factors for the modification of mixture properties.Bonding enhances under low pressure,and weakens with increasing pressure and time.
文摘The effects of high hydrostatic pressure （HHP） treatment on sea cucumber qualities, such as shelf-life, autoenzyme, total volatile basic nitrogen （TVB-N）, mucopolysaccha ride and protein, were investigated experimentally. The shelf-life of sea cucumber was greatly prolonged by HHP treatment. High pressure treatment of sea cucumber significantly reduced the activity of autoenzyme at 550 MPa. The TVB-N content was 8.4 mg/100 g in the HHP-treated samples after 38 days＇ storage at 4 ~C, while it had already reached 11.2 mg/100 g in the untreated ones after 5 days＇ storage under the same condition. The relative mucopolysaccharide content of the HHP-treated samples was 94.3%, while that of the heat-treated ones was only 35.5%. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）, Differential scanning calorimetric （DSC）, ANS fluorescence probe method and fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy results indicated some changes in protein subunits, denaturation, surface hydrophobicity and secondary structure of sea cucumber protein. This study has provided complementary information of pressure-induced structural changes on both the molecular and the sub-molecular level of sea cucumber protein.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China (12JCYBJC19600)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(E2011202115)
文摘Composite diaphragm inflation （CDI） experiment is a useful methodology for exploring the mechanics relation of cell-cell junctions within a living epithelial sheet. In this paper, a new methodology of CDI experiment has been put forward. The finite deformation of a circular polydimezhylsiloxane elastomeric membrane, which is used as the substrate for the culture of epithelial cells, under hydrostatic pressure is explored by the theory of non-linear continuum mechanics. The simplified governing equations with minimum amount of differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained and solved by multiple shooting method. The influences on the membrane by hydrostatic pressure have been discussed.
文摘The control of the piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell's vibration under hydrostatic pressure was discussed. From Hamilton's principle nonlinear dynamic equations of the piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell were derived. Based on which, the dynamic equations of a closed piezoelastic cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure are obtained. An analytical solution was presented for the case of vibration of a simply supported piezoelastic laminated cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure. Using veloctity feedback control, a model for active vibration control of the laminated cylindrical shell with piezoelastic sensor/actuator is established. Numerical results show that, the static deflection of the cylindrical shell can be changed when voltages with suitable value and direction are applied on the piezoelectric layers. For the dynamic response problem of the system, the larger the gain is, the more the vibration of the system is suppressed in the vicinity of the resonant zone. This presents a potential way to actively reduce the harmful effect of the resonance on the system and verify the feasibility of the active vibration control model.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52071160 and 52071203)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20190103 and BK20190964)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KTHY-068).
文摘This study aimed to restore the ultimate strength of dented stainless-steel hemispheres with a radius of 90 mm and a thickness of 0.86 mm.All of the hemispheres were subjected to external hydrostatic pressure.Small stainless-steel stiffened caps were used to eliminate the effect of indention on the ultimate strength.These caps had a radius of 36 mm,a thickness of 0.76 mm,and a height of 10.44 mm.Six hemispherical samples,including two intact hemispheres,two dented hemispheres without stiffening,and two dented hemispheres with stiffening,were prepared.Each hemi-sphere was geometrically measured for shape and thickness,hydrostatically tested for destruction,and numerically evaluated for comparison.The experimental and numerical data agreed well with each other.As a result,a spherical cap can effectively restore the ultimate strength of dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure.The proposed restoration approach can be used to strengthen underwater pressure hulls with large local geometric imperfections.
