AIM:To evaluate whether narrowing of internal carotid artery siphon(ICAS)may increase the risk of developing non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION).METHODS:Totally 30 consecutive patients who had uni...AIM:To evaluate whether narrowing of internal carotid artery siphon(ICAS)may increase the risk of developing non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION).METHODS:Totally 30 consecutive patients who had unilateral NAION and 30 gender-matched control subjects were recruited in the present study.The diameter of ICAS of all the participants were measured using head-and-neck computed tomographic angiography(CTA).Color doppler flow imaging(CDI)was used to measure the haemodynamics parameters of ICAS and short posterior ciliary arteries(SPCAs)in all subjects.Comparison of parameters between the NAION patients and controls as well as between the two sides within the patients were performed.The correlation between the diameter of ICAS and NAION was analyzed.RESULTS:A comparison of parameters between the affected side of the NAION patients and the controls,including the diameter of ICAS,the resistance index(RI)of ICAS,the blood flow velocities of SPCAs and RI of SPCAs,showed significantly difference(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in terms of the mean blood flow velocity(Vm)of ICAS;Similar results were found while comparing all the measurements of the affected and unaffected side of patients(P for RI of SPCAs<0.05).No marked difference was detected in nearly all parameters except for RI of ICAS and SPCAs between the unaffected side of the NAION patients and the controls(P<0.05).The diameter of ICAS were significantly positive correlated with both peak systolic velocity(PSV)of SPCAs and end diastolic velocity(EDV)of SPCAs in patients with NAION(r=0.514,P<0.01 and r=0.418,P<0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION:Narrowing of ICAS may increase the risk of developing NAION.展开更多
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant thyroid tumor.Thyroid sarcoma differs from common malignant thyroid tumors,such as thyroid follicular cell carcinoma.It is usually highly malignant,p...Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant thyroid tumor.Thyroid sarcoma differs from common malignant thyroid tumors,such as thyroid follicular cell carcinoma.It is usually highly malignant,progresses rapidly,and is prone to remote metastasis.Currently,there is no standard protocol for the treatment of thyroid sarcomas,and most treatment effects are unsatisfactory.Argon-helium cryoablation is an important method of local treatment that is widely used in patients with unresectable advanced tumors.However,owing to the low incidence of thyroid sarcomas,there are no relevant literature reports on the treatment of thyroid sarcomas using cryoablation in China.This study reports the case of a patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the thyroid gland who was treated with argon-helium cryoablation,and the immediate outcome was good.Based on a review of relevant literature,we discussed the effectiveness and safety of argon-helium cryoablation treatment,to provide clinical guidance and references for the treatment of patients with thyroid sarcoma.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of Wernicke encephalopathy(WE) are atypical and short of effective auxiliary examination means. The effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of WE have been ...BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of Wernicke encephalopathy(WE) are atypical and short of effective auxiliary examination means. The effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of WE have been reported successively. But its imageological detection needs to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations, skull MRI examination and pathological results in patients with WE. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: The General Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Ten patients of WE admitted to the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA were recruited. Among them, five patients were diagnosed pathologically after death. Their pathological changes accorded with the pathological characteristics of WE. The other 5 patients were diagnosed clinically before death. Their pathological changes accorded with clinical and imageological manifestations and had definite reaction to the treatment of thiamine. Ten patients, 7 males and 3 females, were aged (47±13) years ranging from 33 to 73 years. Their disease courses averaged 6 weeks ranging from 3 to 10 weeks. They all were non-alcoholics. Four patients developed WE after acute pancreatitis, two patients after the recurrence of gastric cancer, two patients after cholecystectomy, one patient after hepatitis medicamentosa, one patient after Alzheimer disease. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients and their relatives. METHODS: After admission, clinical manifestations of patients were observed and recorded. Five patients underwent skull MRI examination and their detected results were recorded. Five dead patients underwent autopsy and brain pathological examinations. Neuropathological examination involved cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical manifestations, MRI examination results, pathological analysis results and prognosis of all the patients. RESULTS: Ten patients with WE were involved in the final analysis. ①Nine patients presented various degrees of mental and conscious disturbance. Six patients initially presented vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. Five patients showed opthalmoplegia. Three patients presented hypotension (BP < 120/60 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa). Two patients showed ataxia. One patient showed severe polyneuropathy. Both lower extremities were more severe. EMG showed axonal degeneration. ②Five patients accepted skull MRI examination. Three patients showed typical high signals in periaqueductal regions and circumference of third and fourth ventriculus in T2 -weighted and flair-weighted images, two of them showed high signals in fornixes in T2 -weighted and flair-weighted images, and one of them showed high signals in optic chiasma, both mammillary bodies, and subcortical white matter. No abnormality was found in the other two patients. Two patients who accepted the supplements of thiamine showed obviously improvements in the second MRI examination. ③Macroscopically, the border between gray and white matters was clear in the coronal section of cerebrum. Congestions, edema and multiple petechial hemorrhages were found in periaqueductal regions, circumference of third and fourth ventriculus, and both mammillary bodies. Microscopically, various degrees of necrosis of parenchymal structures, loss of nerve cells and ischemic changes were found. Myelinated fibers were more affected than neurons. There were focal capillary proliferation and multiple petechial hemorrhages. Prominent astrocytic proliferations were found in gelatinous fiber staining. And demyelinations were found in myelin staining. These pathological findings were all in accord with the diagnostic criteria of WE. ④In the diagnosis before death, 4 of 5 patients who were supplemented with thiamine had obvious improvement 2 weeks later and 1 of them abandoned therapy due to progressive aggravation of jaundice caused by recurrence of stomach cancer. The other 5 patients who were not diagnosed definitely before death and not supplemented with thiamine died. Final diagnosis was performed in autopsy examination. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations of this group of WE patients are atypical. MRI and pathological examination results are corresponding, and both have the characteristic manifestations of WE.展开更多
Granulomatous hypophysitis （GRH） is extremely rare and commonly presents with chronic inflammatory of the enlarged pituitary gland. In our study, 66-year-old and 57-year-old women, both Chinese, were diagnosed with ...Granulomatous hypophysitis （GRH） is extremely rare and commonly presents with chronic inflammatory of the enlarged pituitary gland. In our study, 66-year-old and 57-year-old women, both Chinese, were diagnosed with GRH presenting preoperatively definite imageology characters as pituitary adenoma. The 66-year-old woman presented with a year of headache, half a year of gradual decrease of visual acuity, and one month of right ptosis. Serum prolaetin level was slightly elevated. Screening computed tomography （CT） scanning revealed typical low density mass found on the enlarged sella, which demonstrated invasive extension from the sella to the right cavernous sinus by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with probable invasive pituitary adenoma. The other 57-year-old woman complained a light headache and had been previously treated as nonfunctional pituitary adenoma in other hospital. Finally these two patients underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery and were diagnosed with GRH according to postoperative histopathology. They then were treated with steroid. During the follow-up, the clinical symptoms such as headache, visual damage, and ptosis vanished, and the mass of the sellae dramatically shrank on repeated MR images. Clinically and radiologically, GRH is a rare sellar entity easily to be misdiagnosed as a pituitary adenoma. Trans-sphenoidal surgery can decompress the optical nerve or oculomotornerve as a therapeutic strategy, and support biopsy or further pathological diagnosis. However, the hormonal therapy should be emphasized both as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conservative and tentative steroid treatment should be performed in preoperative period without acute nerve damage.展开更多
Objective:To probe into the relation between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) signal classifications and TCM syndromes in femoral head necrosis patients,so as to provide reference for TCM diagnosis of this disease.Meth...Objective:To probe into the relation between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) signal classifications and TCM syndromes in femoral head necrosis patients,so as to provide reference for TCM diagnosis of this disease.Methods:Refering to the criteria for TCM syndrome types of necrosis of the femoral head described in "The Guiding Principles of Clinical Studies of New Chinese Drugs" and Shimizu and Mitchell's MRI signal classifications,MRI signal classifications between different TCM syndrome types were compared.Results:The Shimizu signal classification of different TCM syndrome types had statistically significant difference(P=0.04);Both T2WI+fs and Mitchell signal classifications of different TCM syndrome types had no statistical by significant differences(P=0.42 or P=0.15).Conclusion:There is a certain correlativity of TCM syndrome types of necrosis of the femoral head with T1WI signal classification of MRI.MRI signal classification may contribute to objectivity in TCM syndrome typing of this disease.展开更多
Background Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is rare.However,posterior dislocation compressing important structures in the mediastinum may be fatal.Early diagnosis and prompt therapy of sternoclavicular joint ...Background Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is rare.However,posterior dislocation compressing important structures in the mediastinum may be fatal.Early diagnosis and prompt therapy of sternoclavicular joint dislocation are important.Computed tomography （CT） is an optimal means to investigate sternoclavicular joint anatomy; however,there are few reports on the imageological anatomical features of the sternoclavicular joint.The study investigated imageological anatomical features,and a new plate was devised according to these data to treat sternoclavicular joint dislocation.Methods Fifty-three healthy Chinese volunteers examined with chest CT were included in the study.The coronal,sagittal,and axial images of the sternoclavicular region were reconstructed.The sternal head diameter in the inferolateral-to-superomedial direction,length of the clavicular notch,and angle between the clavicular notch and sternum were measured on coronal images.The angle between the presternum and trunk was measured on sagittal images.The following dimensions were measured on axial images：anteroposterior dimensions of the sternal head,clavicular notch,and presternum; width of the sternoclavicular joint; distance between bilateral clavicles; and minimal distance from the presternum to the underlying structures in the thoracic cavity.A new plate was designed according to the above data and was used to repair six sternoclavicular joint dislocations.All cases were followed up with a range of 9 to 12 months.Results The proximal clavicle is higher than the presternum in a horizontal position.On axial images,the anteroposterior dimension of the sternal head was longer than the presternum,and the center region of the presternum was thinner than the edges.The left sternoclavicular joint space was （0.82±0.21） cm,and the right was （0.87±0.22） cm.Among the structures behind the sternum,the left bilateral innominate vein ran nearest to the presternum.The distance from the anterior cortex of the sterna to the left bilateral innominate vein was （2.38±0.61） cm.The dislocated joints were reduced anatomically and fixed with the new plate.All cases obtained satisfactory outcomes in follow-up visits.Conclusions Normal sternoclavicular joint parameters were measured on CT images,which can facilitate treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation or subluxation.This newly designed plate can be used to treat sternoclavicular joint dislocation effectively and safely.展开更多
基金Supported by Start Funding of Beijing Friendship Hospital(No.yyqdkt2016-8)the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2018-1-2021)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate whether narrowing of internal carotid artery siphon(ICAS)may increase the risk of developing non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION).METHODS:Totally 30 consecutive patients who had unilateral NAION and 30 gender-matched control subjects were recruited in the present study.The diameter of ICAS of all the participants were measured using head-and-neck computed tomographic angiography(CTA).Color doppler flow imaging(CDI)was used to measure the haemodynamics parameters of ICAS and short posterior ciliary arteries(SPCAs)in all subjects.Comparison of parameters between the NAION patients and controls as well as between the two sides within the patients were performed.The correlation between the diameter of ICAS and NAION was analyzed.RESULTS:A comparison of parameters between the affected side of the NAION patients and the controls,including the diameter of ICAS,the resistance index(RI)of ICAS,the blood flow velocities of SPCAs and RI of SPCAs,showed significantly difference(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in terms of the mean blood flow velocity(Vm)of ICAS;Similar results were found while comparing all the measurements of the affected and unaffected side of patients(P for RI of SPCAs<0.05).No marked difference was detected in nearly all parameters except for RI of ICAS and SPCAs between the unaffected side of the NAION patients and the controls(P<0.05).The diameter of ICAS were significantly positive correlated with both peak systolic velocity(PSV)of SPCAs and end diastolic velocity(EDV)of SPCAs in patients with NAION(r=0.514,P<0.01 and r=0.418,P<0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION:Narrowing of ICAS may increase the risk of developing NAION.
文摘Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant thyroid tumor.Thyroid sarcoma differs from common malignant thyroid tumors,such as thyroid follicular cell carcinoma.It is usually highly malignant,progresses rapidly,and is prone to remote metastasis.Currently,there is no standard protocol for the treatment of thyroid sarcomas,and most treatment effects are unsatisfactory.Argon-helium cryoablation is an important method of local treatment that is widely used in patients with unresectable advanced tumors.However,owing to the low incidence of thyroid sarcomas,there are no relevant literature reports on the treatment of thyroid sarcomas using cryoablation in China.This study reports the case of a patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the thyroid gland who was treated with argon-helium cryoablation,and the immediate outcome was good.Based on a review of relevant literature,we discussed the effectiveness and safety of argon-helium cryoablation treatment,to provide clinical guidance and references for the treatment of patients with thyroid sarcoma.
文摘BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of Wernicke encephalopathy(WE) are atypical and short of effective auxiliary examination means. The effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of WE have been reported successively. But its imageological detection needs to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations, skull MRI examination and pathological results in patients with WE. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: The General Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Ten patients of WE admitted to the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA were recruited. Among them, five patients were diagnosed pathologically after death. Their pathological changes accorded with the pathological characteristics of WE. The other 5 patients were diagnosed clinically before death. Their pathological changes accorded with clinical and imageological manifestations and had definite reaction to the treatment of thiamine. Ten patients, 7 males and 3 females, were aged (47±13) years ranging from 33 to 73 years. Their disease courses averaged 6 weeks ranging from 3 to 10 weeks. They all were non-alcoholics. Four patients developed WE after acute pancreatitis, two patients after the recurrence of gastric cancer, two patients after cholecystectomy, one patient after hepatitis medicamentosa, one patient after Alzheimer disease. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients and their relatives. METHODS: After admission, clinical manifestations of patients were observed and recorded. Five patients underwent skull MRI examination and their detected results were recorded. Five dead patients underwent autopsy and brain pathological examinations. Neuropathological examination involved cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical manifestations, MRI examination results, pathological analysis results and prognosis of all the patients. RESULTS: Ten patients with WE were involved in the final analysis. ①Nine patients presented various degrees of mental and conscious disturbance. Six patients initially presented vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. Five patients showed opthalmoplegia. Three patients presented hypotension (BP < 120/60 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa). Two patients showed ataxia. One patient showed severe polyneuropathy. Both lower extremities were more severe. EMG showed axonal degeneration. ②Five patients accepted skull MRI examination. Three patients showed typical high signals in periaqueductal regions and circumference of third and fourth ventriculus in T2 -weighted and flair-weighted images, two of them showed high signals in fornixes in T2 -weighted and flair-weighted images, and one of them showed high signals in optic chiasma, both mammillary bodies, and subcortical white matter. No abnormality was found in the other two patients. Two patients who accepted the supplements of thiamine showed obviously improvements in the second MRI examination. ③Macroscopically, the border between gray and white matters was clear in the coronal section of cerebrum. Congestions, edema and multiple petechial hemorrhages were found in periaqueductal regions, circumference of third and fourth ventriculus, and both mammillary bodies. Microscopically, various degrees of necrosis of parenchymal structures, loss of nerve cells and ischemic changes were found. Myelinated fibers were more affected than neurons. There were focal capillary proliferation and multiple petechial hemorrhages. Prominent astrocytic proliferations were found in gelatinous fiber staining. And demyelinations were found in myelin staining. These pathological findings were all in accord with the diagnostic criteria of WE. ④In the diagnosis before death, 4 of 5 patients who were supplemented with thiamine had obvious improvement 2 weeks later and 1 of them abandoned therapy due to progressive aggravation of jaundice caused by recurrence of stomach cancer. The other 5 patients who were not diagnosed definitely before death and not supplemented with thiamine died. Final diagnosis was performed in autopsy examination. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations of this group of WE patients are atypical. MRI and pathological examination results are corresponding, and both have the characteristic manifestations of WE.
文摘Granulomatous hypophysitis （GRH） is extremely rare and commonly presents with chronic inflammatory of the enlarged pituitary gland. In our study, 66-year-old and 57-year-old women, both Chinese, were diagnosed with GRH presenting preoperatively definite imageology characters as pituitary adenoma. The 66-year-old woman presented with a year of headache, half a year of gradual decrease of visual acuity, and one month of right ptosis. Serum prolaetin level was slightly elevated. Screening computed tomography （CT） scanning revealed typical low density mass found on the enlarged sella, which demonstrated invasive extension from the sella to the right cavernous sinus by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with probable invasive pituitary adenoma. The other 57-year-old woman complained a light headache and had been previously treated as nonfunctional pituitary adenoma in other hospital. Finally these two patients underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery and were diagnosed with GRH according to postoperative histopathology. They then were treated with steroid. During the follow-up, the clinical symptoms such as headache, visual damage, and ptosis vanished, and the mass of the sellae dramatically shrank on repeated MR images. Clinically and radiologically, GRH is a rare sellar entity easily to be misdiagnosed as a pituitary adenoma. Trans-sphenoidal surgery can decompress the optical nerve or oculomotornerve as a therapeutic strategy, and support biopsy or further pathological diagnosis. However, the hormonal therapy should be emphasized both as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conservative and tentative steroid treatment should be performed in preoperative period without acute nerve damage.
文摘Objective:To probe into the relation between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) signal classifications and TCM syndromes in femoral head necrosis patients,so as to provide reference for TCM diagnosis of this disease.Methods:Refering to the criteria for TCM syndrome types of necrosis of the femoral head described in "The Guiding Principles of Clinical Studies of New Chinese Drugs" and Shimizu and Mitchell's MRI signal classifications,MRI signal classifications between different TCM syndrome types were compared.Results:The Shimizu signal classification of different TCM syndrome types had statistically significant difference(P=0.04);Both T2WI+fs and Mitchell signal classifications of different TCM syndrome types had no statistical by significant differences(P=0.42 or P=0.15).Conclusion:There is a certain correlativity of TCM syndrome types of necrosis of the femoral head with T1WI signal classification of MRI.MRI signal classification may contribute to objectivity in TCM syndrome typing of this disease.
文摘Background Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is rare.However,posterior dislocation compressing important structures in the mediastinum may be fatal.Early diagnosis and prompt therapy of sternoclavicular joint dislocation are important.Computed tomography （CT） is an optimal means to investigate sternoclavicular joint anatomy; however,there are few reports on the imageological anatomical features of the sternoclavicular joint.The study investigated imageological anatomical features,and a new plate was devised according to these data to treat sternoclavicular joint dislocation.Methods Fifty-three healthy Chinese volunteers examined with chest CT were included in the study.The coronal,sagittal,and axial images of the sternoclavicular region were reconstructed.The sternal head diameter in the inferolateral-to-superomedial direction,length of the clavicular notch,and angle between the clavicular notch and sternum were measured on coronal images.The angle between the presternum and trunk was measured on sagittal images.The following dimensions were measured on axial images：anteroposterior dimensions of the sternal head,clavicular notch,and presternum; width of the sternoclavicular joint; distance between bilateral clavicles; and minimal distance from the presternum to the underlying structures in the thoracic cavity.A new plate was designed according to the above data and was used to repair six sternoclavicular joint dislocations.All cases were followed up with a range of 9 to 12 months.Results The proximal clavicle is higher than the presternum in a horizontal position.On axial images,the anteroposterior dimension of the sternal head was longer than the presternum,and the center region of the presternum was thinner than the edges.The left sternoclavicular joint space was （0.82±0.21） cm,and the right was （0.87±0.22） cm.Among the structures behind the sternum,the left bilateral innominate vein ran nearest to the presternum.The distance from the anterior cortex of the sterna to the left bilateral innominate vein was （2.38±0.61） cm.The dislocated joints were reduced anatomically and fixed with the new plate.All cases obtained satisfactory outcomes in follow-up visits.Conclusions Normal sternoclavicular joint parameters were measured on CT images,which can facilitate treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation or subluxation.This newly designed plate can be used to treat sternoclavicular joint dislocation effectively and safely.
