Molecular-based allergy diagnosis for the in vitro assessment of a patient immunoglobulin E(IgE) sensitization profile at the molecular level uses allergen molecules(also referred to as allergen components), which may...Molecular-based allergy diagnosis for the in vitro assessment of a patient immunoglobulin E(IgE) sensitization profile at the molecular level uses allergen molecules(also referred to as allergen components), which may be well-defined, highly purified, natural allergen components or recombinant allergens. Modern immunoassay methods used for the detection of specific Ig E against aeroallergen components are either singleplex(such as the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay with capsulated cellulose polymer solid-phase coupled allergens, the enzyme-enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay and the reversed enzyme allergosorbent test, with liquid-phase allergens), multiparameter(such as the line blot immunoassay for defined partial allergen diagnostics with allergen components coating membrane strips) or multiplex(such as the microarraybased immunoassay on immuno solid-phase allergen chip, and the two new multiplex nanotechnology-based immunoassays: the patient-friendly allergen nanobead array, and the macroarray nanotechnology-based immunoassay used as a molecular allergy explorer). The precision medicine diagnostic work-up may be organized as an integrated "U-shape" approach, with a "top-down" approach(from symptoms to molecules) and a "bottomup" approach(from molecules to clinical implications), as needed in selected patients. The comprehensive and accurate Ig E sensitization molecular profiling, with identification of the relevant allergens, is indicated within the framework of a detailed patient's clinical history to distinguish genuine Ig E sensitization from sensitization due to cross-reactivity(especially in polysensitized patients), to assess unclear symptoms and unsatisfactory response to treatment, to reveal unexpected sensitizations, and to improve assessment of severity and risk aspects in some patients. Practical approaches, such as anamnesis molecular thinking, laboratory molecular thinking and postmolecular anamnesis, are sometimes applied. The component-resolved diagnosis of the specific IgE repertoire has a key impact on optimal decisions making for prophylactic and specific immunotherapeutic strategies tailored for the individual patient.展开更多
Allergic rhinitis(AR)poses a significant global health burden,with the potential to progress to asthma,thereby impacting patients’quality of life.Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical sy...Allergic rhinitis(AR)poses a significant global health burden,with the potential to progress to asthma,thereby impacting patients’quality of life.Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical symptoms by altering the underlying disease mechanisms of AR.This article provides a thorough review of the current state of immunotherapy for AR,encompassing various facets of immunotherapeutic strategies,elucidating their mechanisms and clinical implications.By presenting a nuanced understanding of the present landscape of immunotherapy for AR,this review aims to serve as a valuable reference for informing clinical treatment strategies.The subsequent analysis of diverse immunotherapeutic pathways offers a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and clinical implications.A meticulous examination is conducted on subcutaneous immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy,oral immunotherapy,intralymphatic immunotherapy,and innovative intravenous gold-induced autologous serum injection therapy.Each pathway is systematically elucidated,with its distinctive features and potential contributions to managing AR emphasized.In conclusion,synthesizing epidemiological insights,immunotherapeutic nuances,and pathway-specific analyses encapsulates a profound understanding of immunotherapy for AR.展开更多
This editorial discusses a case-control study by Ibrahim et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics.Childhood bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease.It was ...This editorial discusses a case-control study by Ibrahim et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics.Childhood bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease.It was found that an increase in oxidative stress leads to a decrease in antioxidants causing oxidative damage to mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes resulting in the inflammation of the airway,hypersecretion of mucus causing a cascade of clinical manifestations ranging from recurrent episodes of coughing,wheezing,and breathlessness to shortness of breath.Since oxidative stress mediates the inflammatory response in asthma,the supplementation of anti-oxidants can be one strategy to manage this disease.Zinc is one such antioxidant that has attracted much attention about asthma and airway inflammation.Zinc is a crucial trace element for human metabolism that helps to regulate gene expression,enzyme activity,and protein structure.Apart from zinc,free serum ferritin levels are also elevated in case of inflammation.Several previous studies found that ferritin levels may also help determine the pathology of disease and predict prognosis in addition to tracking disease activity.However,this study's results were different from the findings of the previous studies and the zinc levels did not show a significant difference between asthmatic children and non-asthmatic children but ferritin levels were significantly high in asthmatic children as compared to the controls.Hence,the possible role of the biochemical nutritional assessment including zinc and ferritin as biomarkers for asthma severity should be assessed in the future.展开更多
目的探讨胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)基因rs1837253、rs3806933位点多态性与儿童哮喘易感性及Eos、IgE、FeNO水平的相关性。方法选取143例哮喘儿童作为研究组,选取同期健康体检儿童112例作为对照组。采...目的探讨胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)基因rs1837253、rs3806933位点多态性与儿童哮喘易感性及Eos、IgE、FeNO水平的相关性。方法选取143例哮喘儿童作为研究组,选取同期健康体检儿童112例作为对照组。采用MassARRAY SNP分型技术检测2个位点基因型,散射比浊法测定血清IgE水平,分析基因型及等位基因频率在2组间的分布差异,分析不同基因型对Eos、IgE及FeNO水平的影响。结果rs1837253等位基因及基因型频率、rs3806933等位基因频率在2组间分布无统计学差异(P>0.05);哮喘组rs3806933 CT基因型频率高于对照组,CC基因型频率低于对照组(P<0.05);与野生基因型相比,携带rs1837253 CT+CC和rs3806933 CT、CT+TT基因型的儿童患哮喘风险增高(CT+CC vs TT:OR=2.737,95%CI:1.514~4.945;CT vs CC:OR=2.058,95%CI:1.194~3.543:CT+TT vs CC:OR=1.843,95%CI:1.109~3.062)。哮喘组rs1837253位点3个基因型间Eos计数总体存在统计学差异(P<0.05,多重比较后矫正P>0.05),在对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05);2位点基因型间Eos%、IgE、FeNO及rs3806933基因型间Eos计数水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论TSLP基因启动子区rs1837253、rs3806933位点多态性与儿童哮喘易感性有关,rs3806933CT基因型可能作为哮喘潜在的遗传标志物,rs1837253CT+CC、rs3806933CT+TT基因型是儿童患哮喘的风险因子;rs1837253位点多态性有影响血液Eos计数的趋势;2个SNPs与Eos%、血清IgE、FeNO水平无关。展开更多
文摘Molecular-based allergy diagnosis for the in vitro assessment of a patient immunoglobulin E(IgE) sensitization profile at the molecular level uses allergen molecules(also referred to as allergen components), which may be well-defined, highly purified, natural allergen components or recombinant allergens. Modern immunoassay methods used for the detection of specific Ig E against aeroallergen components are either singleplex(such as the fluorescence enzyme immunoassay with capsulated cellulose polymer solid-phase coupled allergens, the enzyme-enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay and the reversed enzyme allergosorbent test, with liquid-phase allergens), multiparameter(such as the line blot immunoassay for defined partial allergen diagnostics with allergen components coating membrane strips) or multiplex(such as the microarraybased immunoassay on immuno solid-phase allergen chip, and the two new multiplex nanotechnology-based immunoassays: the patient-friendly allergen nanobead array, and the macroarray nanotechnology-based immunoassay used as a molecular allergy explorer). The precision medicine diagnostic work-up may be organized as an integrated "U-shape" approach, with a "top-down" approach(from symptoms to molecules) and a "bottomup" approach(from molecules to clinical implications), as needed in selected patients. The comprehensive and accurate Ig E sensitization molecular profiling, with identification of the relevant allergens, is indicated within the framework of a detailed patient's clinical history to distinguish genuine Ig E sensitization from sensitization due to cross-reactivity(especially in polysensitized patients), to assess unclear symptoms and unsatisfactory response to treatment, to reveal unexpected sensitizations, and to improve assessment of severity and risk aspects in some patients. Practical approaches, such as anamnesis molecular thinking, laboratory molecular thinking and postmolecular anamnesis, are sometimes applied. The component-resolved diagnosis of the specific IgE repertoire has a key impact on optimal decisions making for prophylactic and specific immunotherapeutic strategies tailored for the individual patient.
文摘Allergic rhinitis(AR)poses a significant global health burden,with the potential to progress to asthma,thereby impacting patients’quality of life.Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical symptoms by altering the underlying disease mechanisms of AR.This article provides a thorough review of the current state of immunotherapy for AR,encompassing various facets of immunotherapeutic strategies,elucidating their mechanisms and clinical implications.By presenting a nuanced understanding of the present landscape of immunotherapy for AR,this review aims to serve as a valuable reference for informing clinical treatment strategies.The subsequent analysis of diverse immunotherapeutic pathways offers a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and clinical implications.A meticulous examination is conducted on subcutaneous immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy,oral immunotherapy,intralymphatic immunotherapy,and innovative intravenous gold-induced autologous serum injection therapy.Each pathway is systematically elucidated,with its distinctive features and potential contributions to managing AR emphasized.In conclusion,synthesizing epidemiological insights,immunotherapeutic nuances,and pathway-specific analyses encapsulates a profound understanding of immunotherapy for AR.
文摘This editorial discusses a case-control study by Ibrahim et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics.Childhood bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease.It was found that an increase in oxidative stress leads to a decrease in antioxidants causing oxidative damage to mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes resulting in the inflammation of the airway,hypersecretion of mucus causing a cascade of clinical manifestations ranging from recurrent episodes of coughing,wheezing,and breathlessness to shortness of breath.Since oxidative stress mediates the inflammatory response in asthma,the supplementation of anti-oxidants can be one strategy to manage this disease.Zinc is one such antioxidant that has attracted much attention about asthma and airway inflammation.Zinc is a crucial trace element for human metabolism that helps to regulate gene expression,enzyme activity,and protein structure.Apart from zinc,free serum ferritin levels are also elevated in case of inflammation.Several previous studies found that ferritin levels may also help determine the pathology of disease and predict prognosis in addition to tracking disease activity.However,this study's results were different from the findings of the previous studies and the zinc levels did not show a significant difference between asthmatic children and non-asthmatic children but ferritin levels were significantly high in asthmatic children as compared to the controls.Hence,the possible role of the biochemical nutritional assessment including zinc and ferritin as biomarkers for asthma severity should be assessed in the future.
文摘目的探讨胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)基因rs1837253、rs3806933位点多态性与儿童哮喘易感性及Eos、IgE、FeNO水平的相关性。方法选取143例哮喘儿童作为研究组,选取同期健康体检儿童112例作为对照组。采用MassARRAY SNP分型技术检测2个位点基因型,散射比浊法测定血清IgE水平,分析基因型及等位基因频率在2组间的分布差异,分析不同基因型对Eos、IgE及FeNO水平的影响。结果rs1837253等位基因及基因型频率、rs3806933等位基因频率在2组间分布无统计学差异(P>0.05);哮喘组rs3806933 CT基因型频率高于对照组,CC基因型频率低于对照组(P<0.05);与野生基因型相比,携带rs1837253 CT+CC和rs3806933 CT、CT+TT基因型的儿童患哮喘风险增高(CT+CC vs TT:OR=2.737,95%CI:1.514~4.945;CT vs CC:OR=2.058,95%CI:1.194~3.543:CT+TT vs CC:OR=1.843,95%CI:1.109~3.062)。哮喘组rs1837253位点3个基因型间Eos计数总体存在统计学差异(P<0.05,多重比较后矫正P>0.05),在对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05);2位点基因型间Eos%、IgE、FeNO及rs3806933基因型间Eos计数水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论TSLP基因启动子区rs1837253、rs3806933位点多态性与儿童哮喘易感性有关,rs3806933CT基因型可能作为哮喘潜在的遗传标志物,rs1837253CT+CC、rs3806933CT+TT基因型是儿童患哮喘的风险因子;rs1837253位点多态性有影响血液Eos计数的趋势;2个SNPs与Eos%、血清IgE、FeNO水平无关。
