The most recent outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus,named as COVID-19,caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan with 2121 deaths cases as of February 20th 2020.Identification of effective antiviral agents to combat the novel ...The most recent outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus,named as COVID-19,caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan with 2121 deaths cases as of February 20th 2020.Identification of effective antiviral agents to combat the novel coronavirus is urgently needed.Citrus fruit peel or wild citrus are rich in flavonoids,and clinically documented for roles in relief of cough and promotion of digestive health.Therefore,citrus fruits are assumed to possess antivirus activities or enhance the host immunity.A previous study found that hesperetin could act as a high potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro.We determined six flavonoid compounds’content in three citrus species by using LC-MS technique.The content of naringin and naringenin was at higher levels in pummelo.Hesperetin and hesperidin were highly accumulated in mandarin and sweet orange.The subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that naringin could inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines(COX-2,iNOS,IL-1βand IL-6)induced by LPS in Raw macrophage cell line,and may restrain cytokine through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a mouse model.The results revealed that naringin may have a potential application for preventing cytokine storm.We simulated molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of those flavonoids to bind Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE 2),which is a receptor of the coronavirus.Consideration of the potential anti-coronavirus and anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids,the citrus fruit or its derived phytochemicals are promising in the use of prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to observe the effects of red ginseng aqueous extract on immune function of mice.[Methods]The aqueous extract of red ginseng was obtained by water extraction and concentration,and 10 mL of aq...[Objectives]The paper was to observe the effects of red ginseng aqueous extract on immune function of mice.[Methods]The aqueous extract of red ginseng was obtained by water extraction and concentration,and 10 mL of aqueous extract was equivalent to 2.86 g of raw materials.Total 240 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,low dose,medium dose and high dose groups of red ginseng aqueous extract,60 mice each group.Mice in low dose,medium dose and high dose groups were intragastrically administered with 0.24,0.48,1.43 g/kg red ginseng aqueous extract once a day respectively,and those in blank control group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of deionized water at the dose of 0.1 mL/10 g once a day for consecutive 30 d.The immunoregulation effects of red ginseng aqueous extract on mice were explored by organ/body weight ratio measurement,delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH)reaction,Con A-induced spleen T lymphocyte transformation test,antibody-producing cells test,half hemolytic value(HC 50)test,carbon particle clearance test,phagocytosis test of chicken red blood cells by macrophages and NK cell activity test.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the degree of toe swelling in low dose group and medium dose group of red ginseng aqueous extract[(0.62±0.14)mm,(0.53±0.12)mm vs.(0.36±0.10)mm]significantly increased(P<0.05).The ability of T lymphocytes proliferation(0.173±0.054,0.189±0.063 vs.0.098±0.012)in low dose group and high dose group significantly increased(P<0.05).The number of haemolytic plaque(137.49×10^(3)±24.73×10^(3),148.43×10^(3)±27.53×10^(3) vs.112.96×10^(3)±26.28×10^(3))in medium dose group and high dose group significantly increased(P<0.05).The phagocytosis rate(35.67%±3.82%,49.26%±6.54%,57.92%±7.36%vs.24.34%±4.22%)and phagocytosis index(0.72±0.23,0.82±0.15,0.91±0.26 vs.0.35±0.11)of low dose,medium dose,high dose groups significantly increased(P<0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in spleen/body weight ratio,thymus/body weight ratio,half hemolytic value,carbon particle clearance and NK cell activity.[Conclusions]Red ginseng aqueous extract could enhance the immunity of mice.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the immunoregulation of KangAi (KA) injection combined with chemo-treatment (chemo) for Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We systematically searched the literature of PubMed, EMBASE, ...Objective: To evaluate the immunoregulation of KangAi (KA) injection combined with chemo-treatment (chemo) for Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We systematically searched the literature of PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases for all Randomized controlled trials (published from the earliest possible year to January 2019, no language restrictions) comparing KA injection combined with chemo and chemo alone in patients with NSCLC. Our main endpoints were immune function, clinical efficiency, KPS score and adverse events. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied for quality assessment. Results: 11 studies involving 1060 participants were included. The immune function (MD=3.18, 95% CI: 0.98-4.00, P<0.00001), clinical response rate (RR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.17-1.40, P<0.00001), KPS score (RR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.35-2.57, P=0.0002), and adverse events (RR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.50-0.65, P<0.00001) in the group of KA injection plus Chemo were vastly different from those in Chemo alone. Conclusion: KA injection combined with Chemo in the treatment of NSCLC improved the immune function, clinical efficiency and safety compared to Chemo alone. However, because many of the methodologies included in randomized controlled trials are of poor quality, more rigorous design and large randomized controlled trials are needed to test this benefit.展开更多
Although mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are increasingly used to treat graft-versus-host disease(GVHD), their immune regulatory mechanism in the process is elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the curative ef...Although mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are increasingly used to treat graft-versus-host disease(GVHD), their immune regulatory mechanism in the process is elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the curative effect of third-party umbilical cord blood-derived human MSCs(UCB-h MSCs) on GVHD patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) and their immune regulatory mechanism. Twenty-four refractory GVHD patients after allo-HSCT were treated with UCB-h MSCs. Immune cells including T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells, Treg cells and dendritic cells(DCs) and cytokines including interleukin-17(IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) were monitored before and after MSCs transfusion. The results showed that the symptoms of GVHD were alleviated significantly without increased relapse of primary disease and transplant-related complications after MSCs transfusion. The number of CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells decreased significantly, and that of NK cells remained unchanged, whereas the number of CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs increased and reached a peak at 4 weeks; the number of mature DCs, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-17 decreased and reached a trough at 2 weeks. It was concluded that MSCs ameliorate GVHD and spare GVL effect via immunoregulations.展开更多
The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitivc reactions (TLPR) were enhanced, the intcrlcukin 2(IL-2) inductive activity was raised, and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) inductive expression was increased significantly...The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitivc reactions (TLPR) were enhanced, the intcrlcukin 2(IL-2) inductive activity was raised, and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) inductive expression was increased significantly in chickens after inoculation with trivalcnt Marck's disease vaccine in comparison with control chickens and those after vaccination with herpcsvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccine. In chickens after inoculation with HVT vaccine, in contrast with control chickens, the splcenic TLPR was strengthened and IL-2R inductive expression was hoisted significantly, the thymus TLPR, splccnic and thymus T lymphocyte IL-2 inductive activity, the thymus T lymphocyte IL-2R inductive expression were not significantly increased.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and t...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and treatment.To gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut microbiota.Anti-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture system.Results showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal mice.The probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not protective.Interestingly,B.breve JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated mice.Meanwhile,E.faecalis FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial effects.Therefore,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.展开更多
Despite great efforts and achievement of nanomaterials in immune-associated diseases,the selection of appropriate nanomaterials and preparation technology remain some challenges and vast room for improvement.Immunothe...Despite great efforts and achievement of nanomaterials in immune-associated diseases,the selection of appropriate nanomaterials and preparation technology remain some challenges and vast room for improvement.Immunotherapy has received tremendous attention throughout the medical process due to its clinical successes with the pathways of immunoactivation or immunosuppression.Recently,fibrous nanomaterials have facilitated advances in tissue repair and cancer treatments owing to the superiority of multi-channel structure,biocompatibility,tunable size and controlled surface modification.The immunoactivation-based nanofibers can potentially deliver functional agents to lesions and further actively promote immunologic intervention.On the contrary,the immunosuppression-based nanofibers prevent the immune system from overreacting through the blockage of critical pathways in vivo.This review summarizes the current application of nanofiber materials in diverse diseases,including cancer therapy,tissue regeneration(cartilage/bone,skin,tendon,nerves),myocardial infarction,psoriasis and organ defects.Some common fabrication technologies of biomedical nanofibers are also introduced.Meanwhile,the existing technical barriers and perspectives are rationally discussed,providing a constructive inspiration for the follow-up basic research and clinical transformation of nanofibers in the vibrant biomedical fields.展开更多
Since dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)were first reported,six types of dental SCs(DSCs)have been isolated and identified.DSCs originating from the craniofacial neural crest exhibit dental-like tissue differentiation pote...Since dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)were first reported,six types of dental SCs(DSCs)have been isolated and identified.DSCs originating from the craniofacial neural crest exhibit dental-like tissue differentiation potential and neuroectodermal features.As a member of DSCs,dental follicle SCs(DFSCs)are the only cell type obtained at the early developing stage of the tooth prior to eruption.Dental follicle tissue has the distinct advantage of large tissue volume compared with other dental tissues,which is a prerequisite for obtaining a sufficient number of cells to meet the needs of clinical applications.Furthermore,DFSCs exhibit a significantly higher cell proliferation rate,higher colony-formation capacity,and more primitive and better anti-inflammatory effects than other DSCs.In this respect,DFSCs have the potential to be of great clinical significance and translational value in oral and neurological diseases,with natural advantages based on their origin.Lastly,cryopreservation preserves the biological properties of DFSCs and enables them to be used as off-shelf products for clinical applications.This review summarizes and comments on the properties,application potential,and clinical transformation value of DFSCs,thereby inspiring novel perspectives in the future treatment of oral and neurological diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFD1000200)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZYYCXTD-D-202005)the Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources (2060302).
文摘The most recent outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus,named as COVID-19,caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan with 2121 deaths cases as of February 20th 2020.Identification of effective antiviral agents to combat the novel coronavirus is urgently needed.Citrus fruit peel or wild citrus are rich in flavonoids,and clinically documented for roles in relief of cough and promotion of digestive health.Therefore,citrus fruits are assumed to possess antivirus activities or enhance the host immunity.A previous study found that hesperetin could act as a high potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro.We determined six flavonoid compounds’content in three citrus species by using LC-MS technique.The content of naringin and naringenin was at higher levels in pummelo.Hesperetin and hesperidin were highly accumulated in mandarin and sweet orange.The subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that naringin could inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines(COX-2,iNOS,IL-1βand IL-6)induced by LPS in Raw macrophage cell line,and may restrain cytokine through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a mouse model.The results revealed that naringin may have a potential application for preventing cytokine storm.We simulated molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of those flavonoids to bind Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE 2),which is a receptor of the coronavirus.Consideration of the potential anti-coronavirus and anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids,the citrus fruit or its derived phytochemicals are promising in the use of prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
基金Supported by Program for Science and Technology Development in Nanyang City(KGGG2018107).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to observe the effects of red ginseng aqueous extract on immune function of mice.[Methods]The aqueous extract of red ginseng was obtained by water extraction and concentration,and 10 mL of aqueous extract was equivalent to 2.86 g of raw materials.Total 240 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,low dose,medium dose and high dose groups of red ginseng aqueous extract,60 mice each group.Mice in low dose,medium dose and high dose groups were intragastrically administered with 0.24,0.48,1.43 g/kg red ginseng aqueous extract once a day respectively,and those in blank control group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of deionized water at the dose of 0.1 mL/10 g once a day for consecutive 30 d.The immunoregulation effects of red ginseng aqueous extract on mice were explored by organ/body weight ratio measurement,delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH)reaction,Con A-induced spleen T lymphocyte transformation test,antibody-producing cells test,half hemolytic value(HC 50)test,carbon particle clearance test,phagocytosis test of chicken red blood cells by macrophages and NK cell activity test.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the degree of toe swelling in low dose group and medium dose group of red ginseng aqueous extract[(0.62±0.14)mm,(0.53±0.12)mm vs.(0.36±0.10)mm]significantly increased(P<0.05).The ability of T lymphocytes proliferation(0.173±0.054,0.189±0.063 vs.0.098±0.012)in low dose group and high dose group significantly increased(P<0.05).The number of haemolytic plaque(137.49×10^(3)±24.73×10^(3),148.43×10^(3)±27.53×10^(3) vs.112.96×10^(3)±26.28×10^(3))in medium dose group and high dose group significantly increased(P<0.05).The phagocytosis rate(35.67%±3.82%,49.26%±6.54%,57.92%±7.36%vs.24.34%±4.22%)and phagocytosis index(0.72±0.23,0.82±0.15,0.91±0.26 vs.0.35±0.11)of low dose,medium dose,high dose groups significantly increased(P<0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in spleen/body weight ratio,thymus/body weight ratio,half hemolytic value,carbon particle clearance and NK cell activity.[Conclusions]Red ginseng aqueous extract could enhance the immunity of mice.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81574066,81873362,81704156)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (grant numbers 21615427,21616318)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (grant numbers 2016A030310093, 2017A030310024)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province, China (grant number 20161067).
文摘Objective: To evaluate the immunoregulation of KangAi (KA) injection combined with chemo-treatment (chemo) for Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We systematically searched the literature of PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases for all Randomized controlled trials (published from the earliest possible year to January 2019, no language restrictions) comparing KA injection combined with chemo and chemo alone in patients with NSCLC. Our main endpoints were immune function, clinical efficiency, KPS score and adverse events. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied for quality assessment. Results: 11 studies involving 1060 participants were included. The immune function (MD=3.18, 95% CI: 0.98-4.00, P<0.00001), clinical response rate (RR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.17-1.40, P<0.00001), KPS score (RR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.35-2.57, P=0.0002), and adverse events (RR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.50-0.65, P<0.00001) in the group of KA injection plus Chemo were vastly different from those in Chemo alone. Conclusion: KA injection combined with Chemo in the treatment of NSCLC improved the immune function, clinical efficiency and safety compared to Chemo alone. However, because many of the methodologies included in randomized controlled trials are of poor quality, more rigorous design and large randomized controlled trials are needed to test this benefit.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81172826)Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology,China
文摘Although mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are increasingly used to treat graft-versus-host disease(GVHD), their immune regulatory mechanism in the process is elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the curative effect of third-party umbilical cord blood-derived human MSCs(UCB-h MSCs) on GVHD patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) and their immune regulatory mechanism. Twenty-four refractory GVHD patients after allo-HSCT were treated with UCB-h MSCs. Immune cells including T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells, Treg cells and dendritic cells(DCs) and cytokines including interleukin-17(IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) were monitored before and after MSCs transfusion. The results showed that the symptoms of GVHD were alleviated significantly without increased relapse of primary disease and transplant-related complications after MSCs transfusion. The number of CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells decreased significantly, and that of NK cells remained unchanged, whereas the number of CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs increased and reached a peak at 4 weeks; the number of mature DCs, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-17 decreased and reached a trough at 2 weeks. It was concluded that MSCs ameliorate GVHD and spare GVL effect via immunoregulations.
基金The project is supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitivc reactions (TLPR) were enhanced, the intcrlcukin 2(IL-2) inductive activity was raised, and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) inductive expression was increased significantly in chickens after inoculation with trivalcnt Marck's disease vaccine in comparison with control chickens and those after vaccination with herpcsvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccine. In chickens after inoculation with HVT vaccine, in contrast with control chickens, the splcenic TLPR was strengthened and IL-2R inductive expression was hoisted significantly, the thymus TLPR, splccnic and thymus T lymphocyte IL-2 inductive activity, the thymus T lymphocyte IL-2R inductive expression were not significantly increased.
基金The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei （No.H2018201179）. Hebei University of Science and Technology （No. QN2016077）. Health and Family Planning Commission of Hebei （No. 20160388）.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200084)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1903205 and 31972971)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome interactions.Gut commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and treatment.To gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut microbiota.Anti-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture system.Results showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal mice.The probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not protective.Interestingly,B.breve JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated mice.Meanwhile,E.faecalis FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial effects.Therefore,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071350,31771048)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232018A3-07,2232019A3-06)International Cooperation Fund of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19440741600).
文摘Despite great efforts and achievement of nanomaterials in immune-associated diseases,the selection of appropriate nanomaterials and preparation technology remain some challenges and vast room for improvement.Immunotherapy has received tremendous attention throughout the medical process due to its clinical successes with the pathways of immunoactivation or immunosuppression.Recently,fibrous nanomaterials have facilitated advances in tissue repair and cancer treatments owing to the superiority of multi-channel structure,biocompatibility,tunable size and controlled surface modification.The immunoactivation-based nanofibers can potentially deliver functional agents to lesions and further actively promote immunologic intervention.On the contrary,the immunosuppression-based nanofibers prevent the immune system from overreacting through the blockage of critical pathways in vivo.This review summarizes the current application of nanofiber materials in diverse diseases,including cancer therapy,tissue regeneration(cartilage/bone,skin,tendon,nerves),myocardial infarction,psoriasis and organ defects.Some common fabrication technologies of biomedical nanofibers are also introduced.Meanwhile,the existing technical barriers and perspectives are rationally discussed,providing a constructive inspiration for the follow-up basic research and clinical transformation of nanofibers in the vibrant biomedical fields.
基金Supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.822RC828.
文摘Since dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)were first reported,six types of dental SCs(DSCs)have been isolated and identified.DSCs originating from the craniofacial neural crest exhibit dental-like tissue differentiation potential and neuroectodermal features.As a member of DSCs,dental follicle SCs(DFSCs)are the only cell type obtained at the early developing stage of the tooth prior to eruption.Dental follicle tissue has the distinct advantage of large tissue volume compared with other dental tissues,which is a prerequisite for obtaining a sufficient number of cells to meet the needs of clinical applications.Furthermore,DFSCs exhibit a significantly higher cell proliferation rate,higher colony-formation capacity,and more primitive and better anti-inflammatory effects than other DSCs.In this respect,DFSCs have the potential to be of great clinical significance and translational value in oral and neurological diseases,with natural advantages based on their origin.Lastly,cryopreservation preserves the biological properties of DFSCs and enables them to be used as off-shelf products for clinical applications.This review summarizes and comments on the properties,application potential,and clinical transformation value of DFSCs,thereby inspiring novel perspectives in the future treatment of oral and neurological diseases.
