The establishment of drug-free feeding systems has been required for secure and healthy livestock production. Although functional feed materials containing microorganisms as alternatives to enhance intestinal immunity...The establishment of drug-free feeding systems has been required for secure and healthy livestock production. Although functional feed materials containing microorganisms as alternatives to enhance intestinal immunity are expected to be beneficial for reducing diarrhoea caused by pathogens in weaned piglets, the effects of such materials on porcine intestinal cells have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this work evaluated the immunoregulatory functions of microbial feed materials in porcine intestinal immune and epithelial cells. Porcine immune cells isolated from Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were stimulated with six different feed materials containing microorganisms, and evaluated for lymphocyte mitogenicity and cytokine inductions. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with the materials before treatment with heat-killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and analyzed for the proinflammatory cytokine expressions. The material containing Bifidobacterium thermophilum significantly augmented lymphocytes’ mitogenicity and also induced a high expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in immune cells, and inhibited ETEC-induced overexpression of IL-6 and IL-8 via regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. These results suggest that this feed material stimulates intestinal epithelial and immune cells to exert immunoregulation, suggesting that this feed is expected to contribute to promoting the health of piglets without using antimicrobial feed materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by novel coronavirus 2019 in December 2019 has spread all around the globe and has caused a pandemic.There is still no current effective guidance on the clinical...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by novel coronavirus 2019 in December 2019 has spread all around the globe and has caused a pandemic.There is still no current effective guidance on the clinical management of COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been shown to be one of the therapeutic approaches to alleviate pneumonia and symptoms through their immunomodulatory effect in COVID-19 patients.CASE SUMMARY We describe the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Hangzhou to explore the role of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs)in the treatment of COVID-19.Moreover,we review the immunomodulation effect including nonspecific and specific immune functions of MenSCs for the therapy of COVID-19.CONCLUSION MenSCs can be helpful to find a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19.展开更多
[Objectives]To study immunoregulatory effects of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules on mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.[Methods]Kunming variety mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,positive ...[Objectives]To study immunoregulatory effects of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules on mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.[Methods]Kunming variety mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,positive medicine group,and low,medium,and high dosage groups of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules. Except the control group,the rest groups of mice were injected with Cytoxan at60 mg/kg to reproduce the immunosuppressive mice model,and were fed through stomach at 0. 5g/kg,1. 0 g/kg and 2. 0 g/kg Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules for seven days( twice a day); the positive control group was fed with Astragalus Polysacharin( 500 mg/L). The carbon clearance index,immune organ index,serum hemolysin were determined. IL-2,IFN-γ,and IL-4 levels in mouse serum were measured by ELISA. [Results] Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules could significantly incease the carbon granular expurgation index of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression,and the 2. 0 g/kg and 1. 0 g/kg dosage groups had better effect than 0. 5 g/kg dosage group( P < 0. 05); the spleen index of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression increased significantly and there was dose-effect relationship in a certain range of concentration; the thymus index and serum hemolysin HC_(50) were significantly higher than 0. 5 g/kg dosage group( P < 0. 05); IL-4 and IFN-γ in the serum was significantly higher than the model group( P < 0. 01),the increase of IL-2 was not significantly( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions] Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules can promote growth of immune organs and secretion of cytokines through improving the carbon granular expurgation ability of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.展开更多
Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were...Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.展开更多
A型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)是一种呼吸道病原体,可诱导宿主发生炎症反应,促进炎症细胞聚集,释放大量趋化因子、细胞因子以及转录因子等炎症因子,引起宿主过度炎症,导致细胞死亡和组织损伤。IAV编码的多种蛋白质可通过不同的机...A型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)是一种呼吸道病原体,可诱导宿主发生炎症反应,促进炎症细胞聚集,释放大量趋化因子、细胞因子以及转录因子等炎症因子,引起宿主过度炎症,导致细胞死亡和组织损伤。IAV编码的多种蛋白质可通过不同的机制参与宿主炎症反应,大大增加IAV感染的发病率和死亡率。越来越多的研究表明,免疫调节策略可以在不影响宿主抵抗感染的情况下改善疾病预后。本文综述了IAV引发炎症反应的最新进展,以便为临床治疗IAV提供新思路。展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical compounds of a Hanshi-Yufei formulation(HSYF;a modified formulation of a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating COVID-19)to elucidate the ...Objective:The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical compounds of a Hanshi-Yufei formulation(HSYF;a modified formulation of a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating COVID-19)to elucidate the mechanism of action and to evaluate potential anti-inflammatory effects of HSYF.Materials and Methods:The chemical constituents of HSYF extract were characterized using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.Subsequently,a set of TCM network pharmacology methods was applied to identify disease-associated genes and to predict target profiles and pharmacological actions associated with the constituents of HSYF.Then,the antiviral effects of HSYF on H1N1 were assessed in RAW264.7 cells using MTT assays.Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αfollowing infection of RAW264.7 cells with H1N1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA),and expression levels of inflammatory-related factors were detected using western blotting.Results:In total,165 chemical constituents(including glycosides,tannins,volatile oils,amino acids,triterpenoids,polyphenols,phenylpropanoids,sesquiterpenes,alkaloids,and flavonoids,among others)were tentatively identified in HSYF.Network pharmacology demonstrated that HSYF can regulate immunomodulatory-and anti-inflammatory-related targets of multiple pathways through its active ingredients,suggesting potential anti-COVID-19 effects.Furthermore,cell viability assays and ELISA showed that HSYF significantly inhibited H1N1 replication in RAW64.7 cells and markedly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6 at the proteins level.Conclusions:The results of the present study help improve our understanding of the therapeutic effects of HSYF in COVID-19 treatment from multi-level perspectives.展开更多
Background This study was to evaluate whether anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro and prolong cardiac allograft surv...Background This study was to evaluate whether anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro and prolong cardiac allograft survival after adoptive transfer KH*2/5DMethods Anergic cells were induced in vitro by the addition of anti-CD154 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to primary MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction) consisting of BALB/c as responder and C3H as stimulator Anergic cells were added to a newly formed MLR in assessing the regulatory capacity and antigen specificity of anergic cells The ability of anergic cells to respond to antigen and/or exogenous recombinant mouse interleukin-2 (rmIL-2) was tested For in vivo studies, anergic cells were intravenously injected into 3 0-Gy γ-irradiated BALB/c mice immediately after heterotopic abdominal cardiac transplantation To prolong allograft survival, recipient mice injected with anergic cells received rapamycin therapy (1 mg·day -1 ·kg -1 ) KH*2/5DResults Anergic cells strongly suppressed the proliferation of naǐve BALB/c splenocytes against the original (C3H) stimulator in a dose-dependent manner, but they failed to suppress the proliferation of naǐve BALB/c splenocytes against the third-party (C57BL/6J) stimulator The anergic state was reversed by both original (C3H) stimulator and additional exogenous IL-2 In in vivo studies, untreated irradiated BALB/c mice rejected C3H cardiac allografts with a mean survival time of (8 6±1 1) days, whereas those injected with the anergic cells rejected the allografts with a mean survival time of (11 8±1 9) days, which was slightly longer than that of the untreated mice The protocol based on anergic cells injection plus rapamycin therapy could prolong allograft survival significantly [(29 6±4 4) days] Conclusions Anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro , and prolong cardiac allograft survival after adoptive transfer in the presence of rapamycin therapy This procedure might be clinically useful for prolonging allograft survival if optimal protocols are展开更多
文摘The establishment of drug-free feeding systems has been required for secure and healthy livestock production. Although functional feed materials containing microorganisms as alternatives to enhance intestinal immunity are expected to be beneficial for reducing diarrhoea caused by pathogens in weaned piglets, the effects of such materials on porcine intestinal cells have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this work evaluated the immunoregulatory functions of microbial feed materials in porcine intestinal immune and epithelial cells. Porcine immune cells isolated from Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were stimulated with six different feed materials containing microorganisms, and evaluated for lymphocyte mitogenicity and cytokine inductions. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with the materials before treatment with heat-killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and analyzed for the proinflammatory cytokine expressions. The material containing Bifidobacterium thermophilum significantly augmented lymphocytes’ mitogenicity and also induced a high expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in immune cells, and inhibited ETEC-induced overexpression of IL-6 and IL-8 via regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. These results suggest that this feed material stimulates intestinal epithelial and immune cells to exert immunoregulation, suggesting that this feed is expected to contribute to promoting the health of piglets without using antimicrobial feed materials.
基金Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Program,No.LQ20H030012.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by novel coronavirus 2019 in December 2019 has spread all around the globe and has caused a pandemic.There is still no current effective guidance on the clinical management of COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been shown to be one of the therapeutic approaches to alleviate pneumonia and symptoms through their immunomodulatory effect in COVID-19 patients.CASE SUMMARY We describe the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Hangzhou to explore the role of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs)in the treatment of COVID-19.Moreover,we review the immunomodulation effect including nonspecific and specific immune functions of MenSCs for the therapy of COVID-19.CONCLUSION MenSCs can be helpful to find a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds of Chongqing Municipality(16423)Chongqing Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Project(cst2014jcsf-nycgzha10002)
文摘[Objectives]To study immunoregulatory effects of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules on mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.[Methods]Kunming variety mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,positive medicine group,and low,medium,and high dosage groups of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules. Except the control group,the rest groups of mice were injected with Cytoxan at60 mg/kg to reproduce the immunosuppressive mice model,and were fed through stomach at 0. 5g/kg,1. 0 g/kg and 2. 0 g/kg Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules for seven days( twice a day); the positive control group was fed with Astragalus Polysacharin( 500 mg/L). The carbon clearance index,immune organ index,serum hemolysin were determined. IL-2,IFN-γ,and IL-4 levels in mouse serum were measured by ELISA. [Results] Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules could significantly incease the carbon granular expurgation index of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression,and the 2. 0 g/kg and 1. 0 g/kg dosage groups had better effect than 0. 5 g/kg dosage group( P < 0. 05); the spleen index of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression increased significantly and there was dose-effect relationship in a certain range of concentration; the thymus index and serum hemolysin HC_(50) were significantly higher than 0. 5 g/kg dosage group( P < 0. 05); IL-4 and IFN-γ in the serum was significantly higher than the model group( P < 0. 01),the increase of IL-2 was not significantly( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions] Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules can promote growth of immune organs and secretion of cytokines through improving the carbon granular expurgation ability of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606701)。
文摘Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.
文摘A型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)是一种呼吸道病原体,可诱导宿主发生炎症反应,促进炎症细胞聚集,释放大量趋化因子、细胞因子以及转录因子等炎症因子,引起宿主过度炎症,导致细胞死亡和组织损伤。IAV编码的多种蛋白质可通过不同的机制参与宿主炎症反应,大大增加IAV感染的发病率和死亡率。越来越多的研究表明,免疫调节策略可以在不影响宿主抵抗感染的情况下改善疾病预后。本文综述了IAV引发炎症反应的最新进展,以便为临床治疗IAV提供新思路。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(NO.2019YFC1711000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81530095,81673591)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO.XDA12020348)the National Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(NO.ZYBZH K LN 01)the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai(NO.15DZ0502800)the Projects of Research and Develop Plan in the Key Field of Guangdong(No 2020B1111110007)。
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical compounds of a Hanshi-Yufei formulation(HSYF;a modified formulation of a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating COVID-19)to elucidate the mechanism of action and to evaluate potential anti-inflammatory effects of HSYF.Materials and Methods:The chemical constituents of HSYF extract were characterized using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.Subsequently,a set of TCM network pharmacology methods was applied to identify disease-associated genes and to predict target profiles and pharmacological actions associated with the constituents of HSYF.Then,the antiviral effects of HSYF on H1N1 were assessed in RAW264.7 cells using MTT assays.Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αfollowing infection of RAW264.7 cells with H1N1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA),and expression levels of inflammatory-related factors were detected using western blotting.Results:In total,165 chemical constituents(including glycosides,tannins,volatile oils,amino acids,triterpenoids,polyphenols,phenylpropanoids,sesquiterpenes,alkaloids,and flavonoids,among others)were tentatively identified in HSYF.Network pharmacology demonstrated that HSYF can regulate immunomodulatory-and anti-inflammatory-related targets of multiple pathways through its active ingredients,suggesting potential anti-COVID-19 effects.Furthermore,cell viability assays and ELISA showed that HSYF significantly inhibited H1N1 replication in RAW64.7 cells and markedly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6 at the proteins level.Conclusions:The results of the present study help improve our understanding of the therapeutic effects of HSYF in COVID-19 treatment from multi-level perspectives.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30973917)Foundation of Provincial Key Laboratory of Anhui Medical University(No.SBSYS-0803)
文摘Background This study was to evaluate whether anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro and prolong cardiac allograft survival after adoptive transfer KH*2/5DMethods Anergic cells were induced in vitro by the addition of anti-CD154 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to primary MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction) consisting of BALB/c as responder and C3H as stimulator Anergic cells were added to a newly formed MLR in assessing the regulatory capacity and antigen specificity of anergic cells The ability of anergic cells to respond to antigen and/or exogenous recombinant mouse interleukin-2 (rmIL-2) was tested For in vivo studies, anergic cells were intravenously injected into 3 0-Gy γ-irradiated BALB/c mice immediately after heterotopic abdominal cardiac transplantation To prolong allograft survival, recipient mice injected with anergic cells received rapamycin therapy (1 mg·day -1 ·kg -1 ) KH*2/5DResults Anergic cells strongly suppressed the proliferation of naǐve BALB/c splenocytes against the original (C3H) stimulator in a dose-dependent manner, but they failed to suppress the proliferation of naǐve BALB/c splenocytes against the third-party (C57BL/6J) stimulator The anergic state was reversed by both original (C3H) stimulator and additional exogenous IL-2 In in vivo studies, untreated irradiated BALB/c mice rejected C3H cardiac allografts with a mean survival time of (8 6±1 1) days, whereas those injected with the anergic cells rejected the allografts with a mean survival time of (11 8±1 9) days, which was slightly longer than that of the untreated mice The protocol based on anergic cells injection plus rapamycin therapy could prolong allograft survival significantly [(29 6±4 4) days] Conclusions Anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro , and prolong cardiac allograft survival after adoptive transfer in the presence of rapamycin therapy This procedure might be clinically useful for prolonging allograft survival if optimal protocols are
