Objective:To investigate the effect of abnormal ovarian granulosa cell metabolism on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)outcomes in obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients.Methods:Patients with PC...Objective:To investigate the effect of abnormal ovarian granulosa cell metabolism on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)outcomes in obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients.Methods:Patients with PCOS who met the study criteria were screened according to the inclusion criteria.A total of 32 patients with obese PCOS were recruited into the study group,and 39 patients with non-obese PCOS were recruited into the control group.The general data(age,body mass index,and years of infertility),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),granulosa cell mitochondrial function,and IVF-ET outcome of patients in the study group and control group were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The differences in age and years of infertility between the study group and the control group were insignificant(P>0.05),and the body mass index(BMI)of the study group and control group was 30.5±1.24 kg/m2 and 22.3±1.12 kg/m2,respectively,in which the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the HOMA-IR of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the ATP content in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);comparing the FSH and LH levels between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the rate of IVF-ET failure was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.Conclusion:PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder,and obesity is one of the independent risk factors for the development of PCOS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heterotopic pregnancy(HP)refers to the coexistence of ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy.Salpingectomy is proposed as a pretreatment before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)to red...BACKGROUND Heterotopic pregnancy(HP)refers to the coexistence of ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy.Salpingectomy is proposed as a pretreatment before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)to reduce the risk of HP.HP after IVF-ET occurs in women who had already underwent bilateral salpingectomy,even though it is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY A case of a 29-year-old woman with recurrent interstitial HP after IVF-ET following salpingectomy is presented.The main symptom was a sudden and worsening pelvic pain.Physical examinations revealed signs of peritoneal bleeding and irritation with stable vital signs.Transvaginal ultrasound showed a live intrauterine pregnancy and another live embryo with cardiac activity in the left cornu extending beyond the lateral edge of the uterus.Her hemoglobin concentration was 8.0 g/dL,and serum human chorionic gonadotropin value was 171116.9 mIU/mL.With the diagnosis of ruptured HP with internal bleeding,an emergency laparoscopic resection of left cornu was performed.The interstitial pregnancy was removed with caution to protect the intrauterine pregnancy.After the surgical treatment,the intrauterine pregnancy continued with no complications.A healthy baby was delivered by caesarean section at 39 wk.Outcomes of another three cases are further summarized.CONCLUSION Post-salpingectomy HP is a rare but challenging condition.Surgical treatment is preferred in the case with a viable intrauterine pregnancy.展开更多
Aims:This research aims to explore the factors related to early spontaneous miscarriage after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)pregnancy,and to provide guidance for improving pregnancy outcomes.Method...Aims:This research aims to explore the factors related to early spontaneous miscarriage after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)pregnancy,and to provide guidance for improving pregnancy outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data for clinical pregnant women(2591 cycles)undergoing IVF-ET at the reproductive center of Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018;This included 544 ET cycles and 2047 frozen embryo transfer cycles.The analysis of factors associated with early miscarriage in the overall population of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)pregnancies(including fresh and thawing cycles)was performed.Results:The risk of early miscarriage in the 35–39 age group was 1.35 times higher than that in the<35 age group(OR=1.35[1.05,1.73],p=0.02).In addition,the risk of early miscarriage was 3.88 times higher in the group40 years old than in the group<35 years old(OR=3.88[2.68,5.62],p<0.001).Endometrial thickness also affected the miscarriage rate;the early miscarriage risk with endometrial thickness8.5 mm was 0.78 times than that of the<8.5 mm group(OR=0.78[0.62,0.98],p=0.03).The early miscarriage rate during frozen embryo transfer was 1.48 times higher than that during fresh embryo transfer(OR=1.48[1.08,2.02],p=0.01),while in the fresh cycle,the risk of early miscarriage with high-quality embryos was 0.5 times lower than that with nonhigh quality embryos(OR=0.5[0.27,0.9],p=0.02).In the frozen cycle,the risk of early miscarriage in natural cycle transplantation was 0.73 times that in hormone replacement treatment(HRT)cycle transplantation(OR=0.73[0.54,0.97],p=0.03).Conclusions:Advanced age is an independent risk factor for early miscarriage,while endometrial thickness at the date of transplantation is an independent protective factor.The risk of early miscarriage in fresh-cycle transplanted embryos is significantly lower than that in frozen embryos,and the number of high-quality embryos in the fresh cycle lowers the miscarriage rate significantly.Natural cycle transplantation has a lower rate of early miscarriage than hormone replacement therapy.展开更多
The impact of prior cesarean section(CS) on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior...The impact of prior cesarean section(CS) on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015. The pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed. The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery(VD) and received IVF-ET during the same period. The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level, estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) day, gonadotrophin dosage, duration of stimulation, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, multiple birth rate, abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The pregnancy rate(40.28% vs. 54.22%) and implantation rate(24.01% vs. 34.67%) were significantly lower(P<0.05), and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer(9/144 vs. 0/166) was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group. The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group(P<0.05), and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups(P<0.05). It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome, and increase the difficulty of ET. We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.展开更多
This paper reports one case of successful pregnancy in the assistance of acupuncture therapy for regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy and the periodic intervention with Chinese herbal medicine in a 41-year-...This paper reports one case of successful pregnancy in the assistance of acupuncture therapy for regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy and the periodic intervention with Chinese herbal medicine in a 41-year-old patient with infertility.The patient suffered from 11 failures in the assisted reproductive technique during 3 years.This case suggests that the combined treatment with acupuncture for regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy and the periodic intervention with Chinese herbal medicine increase the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2),improve the oocyte quality and the uterine environment.This therapeutic method plays a positive auxiliary role in the whole process of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)and it can be adopted as an intervention for patients with multiple assisted reproductive failures.展开更多
Objective:The objective of the study was to compare the effects of assisted reproductive technology(ART)and spontaneous pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in women with endometrial carcinoma(EC)and atypical endometrial h...Objective:The objective of the study was to compare the effects of assisted reproductive technology(ART)and spontaneous pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in women with endometrial carcinoma(EC)and atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH)following fertility-sparing treatments.Methods:Relevant studies published through July 2020 were identified from PubMed and Web of Science literature searches.The pregnancy outcomes of ART and spontaneous pregnancy were summarized and compared for women with complete remission of EC/AEH after fertility-sparing treatments.A subgroup analysis was performed based on whether patients had received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)treatment.The complete remission and recurrence rates of EC/AEH following fertility-sparing treatments were estimated.The effect of pregnancy on recurrence rates of EC/AEH was also calculated.Results:Sixteen observational studies reporting pregnancy outcomes or recurrence with ART or spontaneous pregnancy for women with EC/AEH after fertility-sparing treatments were included.The complete remission rate of EC/AEH was 81.5%(95%CI,78%–85%).Compared with spontaneous pregnancy,the pregnancy rate of ART was significantly higher(66.8%vs.43.7%,OR=2.64,95%CI 1.71–4.05,P<0.00001,I^(2)=14%).Subgroup analysis showed that the pregnancy rate of IVF-ET was significantly higher than that of spontaneous pregnancy(62.7%vs.35.1%,OR=2.85,95%CI 1.44-5.63,P=0.003,I^(2)=29%).The live birth rate of ART was significantly higher than that of spontaneous pregnancy(75.3%vs.47.8%,OR=3.96,95%CI1.76-8.77,P=0.0009,I^(2)=45%).The recurrence rate of EC/AEH was 31%(95%CI 24%–39%).Clinical pregnancy could reduce the recurrence rate of EC/AEH,but there was no significant evidence of an association.Conclusions:ART,especially IVF-ET,could significantly improve pregnancy outcomes in women with EC/AEH receiving fertility-sparing treatments.Following complete remission,ART treatment might be a better option for women with EC/AEH than spontaneous pregnancy.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the influence of different transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)modes on ovarian responses and pregnancy outcomes in patients with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization and...Objective:To evaluate the influence of different transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)modes on ovarian responses and pregnancy outcomes in patients with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:Two hundred infertility patients undergoing IVF-ET were divided randomly into experimental groups(TEAS groups:E-Ⅰ,E-Ⅱ,E-Ⅲ,and E-Ⅳ,40 cases each group)and a control group(mock TEAS group,40 patients)using the random number method.The patients in the experimental groups received TEAS treatment of 20,30,40 and 50 m A for the E-Ⅰ,E-Ⅱ,E-Ⅲand E-Ⅳgroups,respectively.The control group received a treatment of 5 m A.TEAS was applied at acupoints of Guanyuan(RN 4),Zhongji(RN 3),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),Zigong(EX-CA 1),and Taixi(KI 13),once a day for 30 min each time for a treatment period of 10-13 d.Treatment effect was assessed using the following indicators:endometrial thickness on the 6 th day of gonadotropin treatment(GN6 day),endometrial thickness on the day on chorionic gonadotropin administration(HCG day),number of ovarian follicles on HCG day,number of ova captured,amount of estrogen required for each harvested ova,number of mature ova divided by the total number of ova,percentage of high-quality embryos,and clinical pregnancy.Results:Endometrial thickness in the experimental groups on the HCG day was significantly better than that of the control group after TEAS stimulation(P=0.01).TEAS exhibited a greater impact on the number of ova captured(P=0.003).However,the effect of TEAS stimulation on the high-quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy in patients was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions:TEAS is an effective method in improving the ovarian state.When the stimulus intensity was at 40 m A and above,it could be helpful to improve the patient’s endometrial condition and endometrial receptivity and to retrieve more oocytes.(Trial registration No.Chi CTR-TRC-11001780)展开更多
Testosterone(T)plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis because extremely low levels of intratesticular T lead to correspondingly low serum levels of total T(tT),severe disorders of spermatogenesis,and male sterility.H...Testosterone(T)plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis because extremely low levels of intratesticular T lead to correspondingly low serum levels of total T(tT),severe disorders of spermatogenesis,and male sterility.However,there is little consensus on the lower limits of serum tT in proven fertile men undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments in Chinese or other Asian populations.We aimed to establish the reference range of serum tT based on a population of 868 fertile Chinese men undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)treatments.We defined a fertile man as having had a live baby with his partner as recorded in our IVF registration system.The lower limits of serum tT were established using a Siemens IMMULITE 2000 chemiluminescent system.The 1st,2.5th,and 5th percentiles and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were 3.6(95%CI:2.7–4.1)nmol l−1,4.3(95%CI:4.1–5.0)nmol l−1,and 5.6(95%CI:4.8–5.8)nmol l−1,respectively.Using the linear correlation of serum tT between the Siemens platform and a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry platform,the calculated lower limits of serum tT were also established for fertile Chinese men undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET treatments,which will benefit the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility during such procedures.展开更多
基金Baoding Science and Technology Program Project(Grant No.2241ZF120)Hebei Health Care Commission Scientific Research Funding Project(Grant No.20170827)+1 种基金Funding Project of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University(Grant No.2016Q016)Funding Project of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University(No.2022QC66).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of abnormal ovarian granulosa cell metabolism on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)outcomes in obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients.Methods:Patients with PCOS who met the study criteria were screened according to the inclusion criteria.A total of 32 patients with obese PCOS were recruited into the study group,and 39 patients with non-obese PCOS were recruited into the control group.The general data(age,body mass index,and years of infertility),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),granulosa cell mitochondrial function,and IVF-ET outcome of patients in the study group and control group were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The differences in age and years of infertility between the study group and the control group were insignificant(P>0.05),and the body mass index(BMI)of the study group and control group was 30.5±1.24 kg/m2 and 22.3±1.12 kg/m2,respectively,in which the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the HOMA-IR of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the ATP content in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);comparing the FSH and LH levels between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the rate of IVF-ET failure was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.Conclusion:PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder,and obesity is one of the independent risk factors for the development of PCOS.
文摘BACKGROUND Heterotopic pregnancy(HP)refers to the coexistence of ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy.Salpingectomy is proposed as a pretreatment before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)to reduce the risk of HP.HP after IVF-ET occurs in women who had already underwent bilateral salpingectomy,even though it is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY A case of a 29-year-old woman with recurrent interstitial HP after IVF-ET following salpingectomy is presented.The main symptom was a sudden and worsening pelvic pain.Physical examinations revealed signs of peritoneal bleeding and irritation with stable vital signs.Transvaginal ultrasound showed a live intrauterine pregnancy and another live embryo with cardiac activity in the left cornu extending beyond the lateral edge of the uterus.Her hemoglobin concentration was 8.0 g/dL,and serum human chorionic gonadotropin value was 171116.9 mIU/mL.With the diagnosis of ruptured HP with internal bleeding,an emergency laparoscopic resection of left cornu was performed.The interstitial pregnancy was removed with caution to protect the intrauterine pregnancy.After the surgical treatment,the intrauterine pregnancy continued with no complications.A healthy baby was delivered by caesarean section at 39 wk.Outcomes of another three cases are further summarized.CONCLUSION Post-salpingectomy HP is a rare but challenging condition.Surgical treatment is preferred in the case with a viable intrauterine pregnancy.
基金The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s University(2021PHB083)and all women involved in the study provided informed consent.
文摘Aims:This research aims to explore the factors related to early spontaneous miscarriage after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)pregnancy,and to provide guidance for improving pregnancy outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data for clinical pregnant women(2591 cycles)undergoing IVF-ET at the reproductive center of Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018;This included 544 ET cycles and 2047 frozen embryo transfer cycles.The analysis of factors associated with early miscarriage in the overall population of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)pregnancies(including fresh and thawing cycles)was performed.Results:The risk of early miscarriage in the 35–39 age group was 1.35 times higher than that in the<35 age group(OR=1.35[1.05,1.73],p=0.02).In addition,the risk of early miscarriage was 3.88 times higher in the group40 years old than in the group<35 years old(OR=3.88[2.68,5.62],p<0.001).Endometrial thickness also affected the miscarriage rate;the early miscarriage risk with endometrial thickness8.5 mm was 0.78 times than that of the<8.5 mm group(OR=0.78[0.62,0.98],p=0.03).The early miscarriage rate during frozen embryo transfer was 1.48 times higher than that during fresh embryo transfer(OR=1.48[1.08,2.02],p=0.01),while in the fresh cycle,the risk of early miscarriage with high-quality embryos was 0.5 times lower than that with nonhigh quality embryos(OR=0.5[0.27,0.9],p=0.02).In the frozen cycle,the risk of early miscarriage in natural cycle transplantation was 0.73 times that in hormone replacement treatment(HRT)cycle transplantation(OR=0.73[0.54,0.97],p=0.03).Conclusions:Advanced age is an independent risk factor for early miscarriage,while endometrial thickness at the date of transplantation is an independent protective factor.The risk of early miscarriage in fresh-cycle transplanted embryos is significantly lower than that in frozen embryos,and the number of high-quality embryos in the fresh cycle lowers the miscarriage rate significantly.Natural cycle transplantation has a lower rate of early miscarriage than hormone replacement therapy.
文摘The impact of prior cesarean section(CS) on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) was investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015. The pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed. The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery(VD) and received IVF-ET during the same period. The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level, estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) day, gonadotrophin dosage, duration of stimulation, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, multiple birth rate, abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The pregnancy rate(40.28% vs. 54.22%) and implantation rate(24.01% vs. 34.67%) were significantly lower(P<0.05), and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer(9/144 vs. 0/166) was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group. The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group(P<0.05), and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups(P<0.05). It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome, and increase the difficulty of ET. We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes:no.201814006
文摘This paper reports one case of successful pregnancy in the assistance of acupuncture therapy for regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy and the periodic intervention with Chinese herbal medicine in a 41-year-old patient with infertility.The patient suffered from 11 failures in the assisted reproductive technique during 3 years.This case suggests that the combined treatment with acupuncture for regulating menstruation and promoting pregnancy and the periodic intervention with Chinese herbal medicine increase the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2),improve the oocyte quality and the uterine environment.This therapeutic method plays a positive auxiliary role in the whole process of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)and it can be adopted as an intervention for patients with multiple assisted reproductive failures.
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(no.2019YFC1005200 and 2019YFC1005203)the National Natural Science Foundation of PR China(no.82071715)。
文摘Objective:The objective of the study was to compare the effects of assisted reproductive technology(ART)and spontaneous pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in women with endometrial carcinoma(EC)and atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH)following fertility-sparing treatments.Methods:Relevant studies published through July 2020 were identified from PubMed and Web of Science literature searches.The pregnancy outcomes of ART and spontaneous pregnancy were summarized and compared for women with complete remission of EC/AEH after fertility-sparing treatments.A subgroup analysis was performed based on whether patients had received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)treatment.The complete remission and recurrence rates of EC/AEH following fertility-sparing treatments were estimated.The effect of pregnancy on recurrence rates of EC/AEH was also calculated.Results:Sixteen observational studies reporting pregnancy outcomes or recurrence with ART or spontaneous pregnancy for women with EC/AEH after fertility-sparing treatments were included.The complete remission rate of EC/AEH was 81.5%(95%CI,78%–85%).Compared with spontaneous pregnancy,the pregnancy rate of ART was significantly higher(66.8%vs.43.7%,OR=2.64,95%CI 1.71–4.05,P<0.00001,I^(2)=14%).Subgroup analysis showed that the pregnancy rate of IVF-ET was significantly higher than that of spontaneous pregnancy(62.7%vs.35.1%,OR=2.85,95%CI 1.44-5.63,P=0.003,I^(2)=29%).The live birth rate of ART was significantly higher than that of spontaneous pregnancy(75.3%vs.47.8%,OR=3.96,95%CI1.76-8.77,P=0.0009,I^(2)=45%).The recurrence rate of EC/AEH was 31%(95%CI 24%–39%).Clinical pregnancy could reduce the recurrence rate of EC/AEH,but there was no significant evidence of an association.Conclusions:ART,especially IVF-ET,could significantly improve pregnancy outcomes in women with EC/AEH receiving fertility-sparing treatments.Following complete remission,ART treatment might be a better option for women with EC/AEH than spontaneous pregnancy.
基金Supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of Sanitary Public Welfare Profession of China(No.201302013)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the influence of different transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)modes on ovarian responses and pregnancy outcomes in patients with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:Two hundred infertility patients undergoing IVF-ET were divided randomly into experimental groups(TEAS groups:E-Ⅰ,E-Ⅱ,E-Ⅲ,and E-Ⅳ,40 cases each group)and a control group(mock TEAS group,40 patients)using the random number method.The patients in the experimental groups received TEAS treatment of 20,30,40 and 50 m A for the E-Ⅰ,E-Ⅱ,E-Ⅲand E-Ⅳgroups,respectively.The control group received a treatment of 5 m A.TEAS was applied at acupoints of Guanyuan(RN 4),Zhongji(RN 3),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),Zigong(EX-CA 1),and Taixi(KI 13),once a day for 30 min each time for a treatment period of 10-13 d.Treatment effect was assessed using the following indicators:endometrial thickness on the 6 th day of gonadotropin treatment(GN6 day),endometrial thickness on the day on chorionic gonadotropin administration(HCG day),number of ovarian follicles on HCG day,number of ova captured,amount of estrogen required for each harvested ova,number of mature ova divided by the total number of ova,percentage of high-quality embryos,and clinical pregnancy.Results:Endometrial thickness in the experimental groups on the HCG day was significantly better than that of the control group after TEAS stimulation(P=0.01).TEAS exhibited a greater impact on the number of ova captured(P=0.003).However,the effect of TEAS stimulation on the high-quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy in patients was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions:TEAS is an effective method in improving the ovarian state.When the stimulus intensity was at 40 m A and above,it could be helpful to improve the patient’s endometrial condition and endometrial receptivity and to retrieve more oocytes.(Trial registration No.Chi CTR-TRC-11001780)
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1000201,No.2018YFC1002104,No.2018YFC1002106,and No.2016YFC1000302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300373,and No.81771650)+2 种基金the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Projects(No.2018-1-4091)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Yunnan,China(No.2017HC009)the Major National R&D Projects of China(No.2017ZX09304012-012).
文摘Testosterone(T)plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis because extremely low levels of intratesticular T lead to correspondingly low serum levels of total T(tT),severe disorders of spermatogenesis,and male sterility.However,there is little consensus on the lower limits of serum tT in proven fertile men undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments in Chinese or other Asian populations.We aimed to establish the reference range of serum tT based on a population of 868 fertile Chinese men undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)treatments.We defined a fertile man as having had a live baby with his partner as recorded in our IVF registration system.The lower limits of serum tT were established using a Siemens IMMULITE 2000 chemiluminescent system.The 1st,2.5th,and 5th percentiles and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were 3.6(95%CI:2.7–4.1)nmol l−1,4.3(95%CI:4.1–5.0)nmol l−1,and 5.6(95%CI:4.8–5.8)nmol l−1,respectively.Using the linear correlation of serum tT between the Siemens platform and a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry platform,the calculated lower limits of serum tT were also established for fertile Chinese men undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET treatments,which will benefit the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility during such procedures.
