The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,su...The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,such as thin-walled structures,microchannels,and complex surfaces.Mechanical machining is the main material removal process for the vast majority of aerospace components.However,many problems exist,including severe and rapid tool wear,low machining efficiency,and poor surface integrity.Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining is a hybrid process that uses nontraditional energies(vibration,laser,electricity,etc)to improve the machinability of local materials and decrease the burden of mechanical machining.This provides a feasible and promising method to improve the material removal rate and surface quality,reduce process forces,and prolong tool life.However,systematic reviews of this technology are lacking with respect to the current research status and development direction.This paper reviews the recent progress in the nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in the aerospace community.In addition,this paper focuses on the processing principles,material responses under nontraditional energy,resultant forces and temperatures,material removal mechanisms,and applications of these processes,including vibration-,laser-,electric-,magnetic-,chemical-,advanced coolant-,and hybrid nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the principles,advantages,and limitations of each hybrid process is provided,and future perspectives on forward design,device development,and sustainability of nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining processes are discussed.展开更多
Analyzing polysorbate 20(PS20)composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance.The similar structures and polarities of PS20 compon...Analyzing polysorbate 20(PS20)composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance.The similar structures and polarities of PS20 components make accurate separation,identification,and quantification challenging.In this work,a high-resolution quantitative method was developed using single-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with charged aerosol detection(CAD)to separate 18 key components with multiple esters.The separated components were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)with an identical gradient as the HPLC-CAD analysis.The polysorbate compound database and library were expanded over 7-time compared to the commercial database.The method investigated differences in PS20 samples from various origins and grades for different dosage forms to evaluate the composition-process relationship.UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 1329 to 1511 compounds in 4 batches of PS20 from different sources.The method observed the impact of 4 degradation conditions on peak components,identifying stable components and their tendencies to change.HPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS results provided insights into fingerprint differences,distinguishing quasi products.展开更多
Chinese wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera)is a medicinally and economically important tree species within the family Juglandaceae.However,the lack of high-quality reference genome has hindered its in-depth research.In thi...Chinese wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera)is a medicinally and economically important tree species within the family Juglandaceae.However,the lack of high-quality reference genome has hindered its in-depth research.In this study,we successfully assembled its chromosome-level genome and performed multiomics analyses to address its evolutionary history and synthesis of medicinal components.A thorough examination of genomes has uncovered a significant expansion in the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain gene family among the winged group in Juglandaceae.This notable increase may be attributed to their frequent exposure to flood-prone environments.After further differentiation between Chinese wingnut and Cyclocarya paliurus,significant positive selection occurred on the genes of NADH dehydrogenase related to mitochondrial aerobic respiration in Chinese wingnut,enhancing its ability to cope with waterlogging stress.Comparative genomic analysis revealed Chinese wingnut evolved more unique genes related to arginine synthesis,potentially endowing it with a higher capacity to purify nutrient-rich water bodies.Expansion of terpene synthase families enables the production of increased quantities of terpenoid volatiles,potentially serving as an evolved defense mechanism against herbivorous insects.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis,we identified the candidate genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid volatiles.Our study offers essential genetic resources for Chinese wingnut,unveiling its evolutionary history and identifying key genes linked to the production of terpenoid volatiles.展开更多
As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components o...As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosives, various high explosives and oxidants were selected to formulate five different types of thermobaric explosive. Then they were tested in both open space and closed space respectively. Pressure measurement system, high-speed camera,infrared thermal imager and multispectral temperature measurement system were used for pressure,temperature and fireball recording. The effects of different components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosive were analyzed. The results showed that in open space, the overpressure is dominated by the high explosives content in the formulation. The addition of the oxidants will decrease the explosion overpressure but will increase the duration and overall brightness of the fireball. While in closed space, the quasi-static pressure formed after the explosion is positively correlated with the temperature and gas production. In addition, it was found that the differences in shell constraints can also alter the afterburning reaction of thermobaric explosives, thus affecting their energy output characteristics. PVC shell constraint obviously increases the overpressure and makes the fireball burn more violently.展开更多
In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to ...In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle<sup>−1</sup> and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.展开更多
The isolation of minor components from complex natural product matrices presents a significant challenge in the field of purification science due to their low concentrations and the presence of structurally similar co...The isolation of minor components from complex natural product matrices presents a significant challenge in the field of purification science due to their low concentrations and the presence of structurally similar compounds.This study introduces an optimized twin-column recycling chromatography method for the efficient and simultaneous purification of these elusive constituents.By introducing water at a small flowing rate between the twin columns,a step solvent gradient is created,by which the leading edge of concentration band would migrate at a slower rate than the trailing edge as it flowing from the upstream to downstream column.Hence,the band broadening is counterbalanced,resulting in an enrichment effect for those minor components in separation process.Herein,two target substances,which showed similar peak position in high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and did not exceed 1.8%in crude paclitaxel were selected as target compounds for separation.By using the twin-column recycling chromatography with a step solvent gradient,a successful purification was achieved in getting the two with the purity almost 100%.We suggest this method is suitable for the separation of most components in natural produces,which shows higher precision and recovery rate compared with the common lab-operated separation ways for natural products(thin-layer chromatography and prep-HPLC).展开更多
Lightweight thin-walled structures with lattice infill are widely desired in satellite for their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and superior buckling strength resulting fromthe sandwich effect.Such structures can be f...Lightweight thin-walled structures with lattice infill are widely desired in satellite for their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and superior buckling strength resulting fromthe sandwich effect.Such structures can be fabricated bymetallic additive manufacturing technique,such as selective laser melting(SLM).However,the maximum dimensions of actual structures are usually in a sub-meter scale,which results in restrictions on their appliance in aerospace and other fields.In this work,a meter-scale thin-walled structure with lattice infill is designed for the fuel tank supporting component of the satellite by integrating a self-supporting lattice into the thickness optimization of the thin-wall.The designed structure is fabricated by SLM of AlSi10Mg and cold metal transfer welding technique.Quasi-static mechanical tests and vibration tests are both conducted to verify the mechanical strength of the designed large-scale lattice thin-walled structure.The experimental results indicate that themeter-scale thin-walled structure with lattice infill could meet the dimension and lightweight requirements of most spacecrafts.展开更多
Ternary strategy with a suitable third component is a successful strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Very recently,Y-series based giant molecule acceptors or oligomerized acce...Ternary strategy with a suitable third component is a successful strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Very recently,Y-series based giant molecule acceptors or oligomerized acceptors have emerged as promising materials for achieving highly efficient and stable binary OSCs,while application as third component for ternary OSCs is limited.Here a novelπ-extended giant dimeric acceptor,GDF,is developed based on central Y series core fusion and rigid BDT as linker,and then incorporated into the state-of-the-art PM1:PC6 system to construct ternary OSCs.The GDF has a near planar backbone,resulting in increasedπ-conjugation,excellent crystallinity,and good electron transport capacity.When GDF is introduced into the PM1:PC6 system,it ensues in a cascade like the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(LUMO)energy level alignment,a complementary absorption band with PM1 and PC6,higher and balanced hole and electron mobility,slightly smaller domain size,and a higher exciton dissociation probability for PM1:PC6:GDF(1:1.1:0.1)blend film.As a consequence,the PM1:PC6:GDF(1:1.1:0.1)ternary OSC achieves a champion PCE of 19.22%,with a significantly higher open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density,compared to 18.45%for the PM1:PC6(1:1.2)binary OSC.Our findings show that employing aπ-extended giant dimeric acceptor as a third component significantly improves the photovoltaic performance of ternary OSCs.展开更多
Objective:To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods: A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat ...Objective:To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods: A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat tibial fracture model.Progression of bone healing was assessed using radiological methods.Safranin O/fast green and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the growth of bone cells and angiogenesis at the fracture site.Methylthiazoletetrazolium blue and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell viability and migration.The Transwell assay was used to explore the invasion capacity of the cells.Tubule formation assays were used to assess the angiogenesis capacity of human vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs).qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the changes in gene transcription levels.Results: Tu Bie Chong fraction 3(TF3)significantly shortened the fracture healing time in model rats.X-ray results showed that on day 14,fracture healing in the TF3 treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P=.0086).Tissue staining showed that cartilage growth and the number of H-shaped blood vessels at the fracture site of the TF3 treatment group were better than those of the control group.In vitro,TF3 significantly promoted the proliferation and wound healing of MC3T3-E1s and HUVECs(all P<.01).Transwell assays showed that TF3 promoted the migration of HUVECs,but inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells.Tubule formation experiments confirmed that TF3 markedly promoted the ability of vascular endothelial cells to form microtubules.Gene expression analysis revealed that TF3 significantly promoted the expression of VEGFA,SPOCD1,NGF,and NGFR in HUVECs.In MC3T3-E1 cells,the transcript levels of RUNX2 and COL2A1 were significantly elevated following TF3 treatment.Conclusion: TF3 promotes fracture healing by promoting bone regeneration associated with the RUNX2 pathway and angiogenesis associated with the VEGFA pathway.展开更多
The increasing dependence on data highlights the need for a detailed understanding of its behavior,encompassing the challenges involved in processing and evaluating it.However,current research lacks a comprehensive st...The increasing dependence on data highlights the need for a detailed understanding of its behavior,encompassing the challenges involved in processing and evaluating it.However,current research lacks a comprehensive structure for measuring the worth of data elements,hindering effective navigation of the changing digital environment.This paper aims to fill this research gap by introducing the innovative concept of“data components.”It proposes a graphtheoretic representation model that presents a clear mathematical definition and demonstrates the superiority of data components over traditional processing methods.Additionally,the paper introduces an information measurement model that provides a way to calculate the information entropy of data components and establish their increased informational value.The paper also assesses the value of information,suggesting a pricing mechanism based on its significance.In conclusion,this paper establishes a robust framework for understanding and quantifying the value of implicit information in data,laying the groundwork for future research and practical applications.展开更多
Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides minin...Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complement components could contribute to the tumor microenvironment and the systemic immune response.Nevertheless,their role in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a contentious subject.AIM To elucidate the rela...BACKGROUND Complement components could contribute to the tumor microenvironment and the systemic immune response.Nevertheless,their role in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a contentious subject.AIM To elucidate the relationship between complement components and CRC risk and clinical characteristics.METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed,the Cochrane Library,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database until June 1,2023.We included cohort studies encompassing participants aged≥18 years,investigating the association between complement components and CRC.The studies were of moderate quality or above,as determined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.The meta-analysis employed fixed-effects or random-effects models based on the I^(2)test,utilizing risk ratio(RR)and their corresponding 95%confidence interval(CI)for outcomes.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the collective estimates and identify the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Data from 15 studies,comprising 1631 participants that met the inclusion criteria,were included in the meta-analysis.Our findings indicated that protein levels of cluster of differentiation 46(CD46)(RR=3.66,95%CI:1.75-7.64,P<0.001),CD59(RR=2.86,95%CI:1.36-6.01,P=0.005),and component 1(C1)(RR=5.88,95%CI:1.75-19.73,P=0.004)and serum levels of C3(standardized mean difference=1.82,95%CI:0.06-3.58,P=0.040)were significantly elevated in patients with CRC compared to healthy controls.Strong expression of CD55 or CD59 was associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis,whereas strong CD46 expression correlated with a higher incidence of tumor differentiation compared to low CD46 expression(P<0.05 for all).Although specific pooled results demonstrated notable heterogeneity,subgroup analyses pointed to regional differences as the primary source of inconsistency among the studies.CONCLUSION Our analysis underscores that increased levels of specific complement components are associated with a heightened risk of CRC,emphasizing the potential significance of monitoring elevated complement component levels.展开更多
In this study,umami taste intensity(UTI)and umami taste components in chicken breast(CB)and chickenspices blends were characterized using sensory and instrumental analysis.Our main objective was to assess the aroma-um...In this study,umami taste intensity(UTI)and umami taste components in chicken breast(CB)and chickenspices blends were characterized using sensory and instrumental analysis.Our main objective was to assess the aroma-umami taste interactions in different food matrices and reconcile the aroma-taste perception to assist future product development.The impact of key aroma,including vegetable-note"2-pentylfuran",meaty"methional",green"hexanal",and spicy-note-estragole and caryophyllene"on UTI was evaluated in monosodium glutamate and chicken extract.We found that spices significantly decreased UTI and umami taste components in CB.Interestingly,the perceptually similar odorants and tastants exhibited the potential to enhance UTI in food matrices.Methional was able to increase the UTI,whereas spicy and green-note components could reduce the UTI significantly.This information would be valuable to food engineers and formulators in aroma selection to control the UTI perceived by consumers,thus,improving the quality and acceptability of the chicken products.展开更多
It is a challenge to polish the interior surface of an additively manufactured component with complex structures and groove sizes less than 1 mm.Traditional polishing methods are disabled to polish the component,meanw...It is a challenge to polish the interior surface of an additively manufactured component with complex structures and groove sizes less than 1 mm.Traditional polishing methods are disabled to polish the component,meanwhile keeping the structure intact.To overcome this challenge,small-grooved components made of aluminum alloy with sizes less than 1 mm were fabricated by a custom-made printer.A novel approach to multi-phase jet(MPJ)polishing is proposed,utilizing a self-developed polisher that incorporates solid,liquid,and gas phases.In contrast,abrasive air jet(AAJ)polishing is recommended,employing a customized polisher that combines solid and gas phases.After jet polishing,surface roughness(Sa)on the interior surface of grooves decreases from pristine 8.596μm to 0.701μm and 0.336μm via AAJ polishing and MPJ polishing,respectively,and Sa reduces 92%and 96%,correspondingly.Furthermore,a formula defining the relationship between linear energy density and unit defect volume has been developed.The optimized parameters in additive manufacturing are that linear energy density varies from 0.135 J mm^(-1)to 0.22 J mm^(-1).The unit area defect volume achieved via the optimized parameters decreases to 1/12 of that achieved via non-optimized ones.Computational fluid dynamics simulation results reveal that material is removed by shear stress,and the alumina abrasives experience multiple collisions with the defects on the heat pipe groove,resulting in uniform material removal.This is in good agreement with the experimental results.The novel proposed setups,approach,and findings provide new insights into manufacturing complex-structured components,polishing the small-grooved structure,and keeping it unbroken.展开更多
Background:The active components of Horcha-6 were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.Also,we investigated the potential mechanisms that explain why Horcha-6 may be effective in treati...Background:The active components of Horcha-6 were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.Also,we investigated the potential mechanisms that explain why Horcha-6 may be effective in treating migraines through the use of network pharmacology and a rat migraine model.Methods:After identifying the active components of Horcha-6,the corresponding genes of the active components’target were obtained from the Universal Protein database,and a“compound-target-disease”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.For the in vivo experiments,nitroglycerin was injected intraperitoneally into rats to create a migraine model.Pre-treatment with Horcha-6 was administered orally for 14 days,and rats were subjected to migraine-related behavior tests.RNA sequencing was performed to identify the gene expression regulated by Horcha-6 in the trigeminal nerve.Results:A total of 903 chemical components of Horcha-6 have been collected in the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.We discovered 55 of the Horcha-6 bio-active components that were evaluated based on their Percent Human Oral Absorption(≥30%)and DL values(≥0.185)on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database.The“compound-target-disease”network contained 163 intersection targets with the migraine state.Gene Ontology analysis indicated that these components significantly regulated the immune response,vascular function,oxidative stress,etc.When Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed,we observed that most of the target genes were significantly enriched in the inflammation and neuro-related signaling pathway,toll-like receptor signaling pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.These predictions were further demonstrated via in vivo animal model experiments.The RNA sequencing results showed that 41 genes were down-regulated(P<0.05)and 86 genes were up-regulated(P<0.05)in the Horcha-6 treated group compared with the untreated group.Those genes were mainly involved in neuromodulation,vascular function,and hormone metabolism.Conclusion:The 55 bio-active components in Horcha-6 regulate inflammation,hormone metabolism,and neurotransmitters and have potential as a therapy to treat migraines.展开更多
The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were ...The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed,and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed.Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process.Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow,the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding,significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects.In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy,α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains,while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods.The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal,yet its influence on elongation is considerable.Following local pressure compensation,the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%,which represents a 44.90%higher than that before compensation.The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa,and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa.The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.展开更多
Gentiana macrophylla Pall.(G.macrophylla),whose genus and family belong to the Gentianaceae and Gentiana.The main distribution centers of G.macrophylla resources were the Loess Plateau and the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Pl...Gentiana macrophylla Pall.(G.macrophylla),whose genus and family belong to the Gentianaceae and Gentiana.The main distribution centers of G.macrophylla resources were the Loess Plateau and the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.G.macrophylla,as a traditional medicine,has a long history and was used in different ethnic medicines.Its roots were used in traditional Chinese medicine,which had the effect of anti-inflammatory,anti-rheumatism,antiviral,promote blood circulation,eliminate swelling and pain,while its flowers were used in traditional Mongolian medicine,which had the effect of removing“Xieriwusu”(“Xieriwusu”means rheumatism),antiviral,reducing swelling.From previous studies,it could be found that there were more than forty components isolated and identified from G.macrophylla.The main chemical components were iridoids,flavonoids,triterpenoids,steroids,phenylpropanoids,and alkaloids.Iridoid terpenoid components represented by gentiopicroside and Loganic acid were the main components of the root of G.macrophylla,which had anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,analgesic,antibacterial and promote gastrointestinal tract activities.The flower mainly contains isoorientin and isovitexin as the representative of flavonoids.They have anti-tumor,liver protection,heart protection,inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of melanin.It could be seen from previous studies that the research on G.macrophylla was mainly focused on the root,and the flower was rarely studied.It was reported that the experimental data of the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of G.macrophylla flowers show that its curative effect was very good.Therefore,the flowers of the flower of G.macrophylla can be used as potential medicinal parts for research.Given that flavonoids are mostly found in flowers and exhibit a range of functions,it is possible to investigate the flowers in order to learn more about G.macrophylla’s potential medical benefits.Based on botanical books,Chinese classic texts,medical monographs and academic search engines(Google,Google Scholar,Web of Science,SciFinder,Pubmed,CNKI,Sci-hub,Elsevier and Wanfang),the data and information on G.macrophylla in the past 20 years are inquired and summarized comprehensively.The basic source,traditional use,chemical composition,biological activity,pharmacodynamics and quality control of G.macrophylla was systematically reviewed,in order to provide reliable basis for the subsequent development and utilization of G.macrophylla.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate microbial succession and metabolic dynamics during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aged vinegar,and explore the core functional microbes closely related to the formation of flavo...This study aimed to investigate microbial succession and metabolic dynamics during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aged vinegar,and explore the core functional microbes closely related to the formation of flavor components.Microbiome analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus,Acetobacter,Bacillus,Enterobacter,Lactococcus,Leuconostoc and Weissella were the predominant bacterial genera,while Aspergillus piperis,Aspergillus oryzae,Monascus purpureus,Candida athensensis,C.xylopsoci,Penicillium ochrosalmoneum and Simplicillium aogashimaense were the predominant fungal species.Correlation analysis revealed that Acetobacter was positively correlated with the production of tetramethylpyrazine,acetoin and acetic acid,Lactococcus showed positive correlation with the production of 2-nonanone,2-heptanone,ethyl caprylate,ethyl caprate,1-hexanol,1-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol,C.xylopsoci and C.rugosa were positively associated with the production of diethyl malonate,2,3-butanediyl diacetate,acetoin,benzaldehyde and tetramethylpyrazine.Correspondingly,non-volatile metabolites were also detected through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.A variety of amino acids and functional dipeptides were identified during the traditional brewing of Hongqu aged vinegar.Correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus was significantly associated with DL-lactate,indolelactic acid,D-(+)-3-phenyllactic acid,pimelic acid,pregabalin and 3-aminobutanoic acid.This study is useful for understanding flavor formation mechanism and developing effective strategies for the suitable strains selection to improve the flavor quality of Hongqu aged vinegar.展开更多
Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction ...Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075255,92160301,52175415,52205475,and 92060203)。
文摘The aerospace community widely uses difficult-to-cut materials,such as titanium alloys,high-temperature alloys,metal/ceramic/polymer matrix composites,hard and brittle materials,and geometrically complex components,such as thin-walled structures,microchannels,and complex surfaces.Mechanical machining is the main material removal process for the vast majority of aerospace components.However,many problems exist,including severe and rapid tool wear,low machining efficiency,and poor surface integrity.Nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining is a hybrid process that uses nontraditional energies(vibration,laser,electricity,etc)to improve the machinability of local materials and decrease the burden of mechanical machining.This provides a feasible and promising method to improve the material removal rate and surface quality,reduce process forces,and prolong tool life.However,systematic reviews of this technology are lacking with respect to the current research status and development direction.This paper reviews the recent progress in the nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining of difficult-to-cut materials and components in the aerospace community.In addition,this paper focuses on the processing principles,material responses under nontraditional energy,resultant forces and temperatures,material removal mechanisms,and applications of these processes,including vibration-,laser-,electric-,magnetic-,chemical-,advanced coolant-,and hybrid nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the principles,advantages,and limitations of each hybrid process is provided,and future perspectives on forward design,device development,and sustainability of nontraditional energy-assisted mechanical machining processes are discussed.
基金financial support from the Science Research Program Project for Drug Regulation,Jiangsu Drug Administration,China(Grant No.:202207)the National Drug Standards Revision Project,China(Grant No.:2023Y41)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:22276080)the Foreign Expert Project,China(Grant No.:G2022014096L).
文摘Analyzing polysorbate 20(PS20)composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance.The similar structures and polarities of PS20 components make accurate separation,identification,and quantification challenging.In this work,a high-resolution quantitative method was developed using single-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with charged aerosol detection(CAD)to separate 18 key components with multiple esters.The separated components were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)with an identical gradient as the HPLC-CAD analysis.The polysorbate compound database and library were expanded over 7-time compared to the commercial database.The method investigated differences in PS20 samples from various origins and grades for different dosage forms to evaluate the composition-process relationship.UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 1329 to 1511 compounds in 4 batches of PS20 from different sources.The method observed the impact of 4 degradation conditions on peak components,identifying stable components and their tendencies to change.HPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS results provided insights into fingerprint differences,distinguishing quasi products.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360307)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2023MS03031)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Grassland Talents Project(3211002406)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Chinese Academy of Forestry)(Grant No.TGB2021004).
文摘Chinese wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera)is a medicinally and economically important tree species within the family Juglandaceae.However,the lack of high-quality reference genome has hindered its in-depth research.In this study,we successfully assembled its chromosome-level genome and performed multiomics analyses to address its evolutionary history and synthesis of medicinal components.A thorough examination of genomes has uncovered a significant expansion in the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain gene family among the winged group in Juglandaceae.This notable increase may be attributed to their frequent exposure to flood-prone environments.After further differentiation between Chinese wingnut and Cyclocarya paliurus,significant positive selection occurred on the genes of NADH dehydrogenase related to mitochondrial aerobic respiration in Chinese wingnut,enhancing its ability to cope with waterlogging stress.Comparative genomic analysis revealed Chinese wingnut evolved more unique genes related to arginine synthesis,potentially endowing it with a higher capacity to purify nutrient-rich water bodies.Expansion of terpene synthase families enables the production of increased quantities of terpenoid volatiles,potentially serving as an evolved defense mechanism against herbivorous insects.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis,we identified the candidate genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid volatiles.Our study offers essential genetic resources for Chinese wingnut,unveiling its evolutionary history and identifying key genes linked to the production of terpenoid volatiles.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302440)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M741713)。
文摘As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosives, various high explosives and oxidants were selected to formulate five different types of thermobaric explosive. Then they were tested in both open space and closed space respectively. Pressure measurement system, high-speed camera,infrared thermal imager and multispectral temperature measurement system were used for pressure,temperature and fireball recording. The effects of different components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosive were analyzed. The results showed that in open space, the overpressure is dominated by the high explosives content in the formulation. The addition of the oxidants will decrease the explosion overpressure but will increase the duration and overall brightness of the fireball. While in closed space, the quasi-static pressure formed after the explosion is positively correlated with the temperature and gas production. In addition, it was found that the differences in shell constraints can also alter the afterburning reaction of thermobaric explosives, thus affecting their energy output characteristics. PVC shell constraint obviously increases the overpressure and makes the fireball burn more violently.
文摘In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle<sup>−1</sup> and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078281)。
文摘The isolation of minor components from complex natural product matrices presents a significant challenge in the field of purification science due to their low concentrations and the presence of structurally similar compounds.This study introduces an optimized twin-column recycling chromatography method for the efficient and simultaneous purification of these elusive constituents.By introducing water at a small flowing rate between the twin columns,a step solvent gradient is created,by which the leading edge of concentration band would migrate at a slower rate than the trailing edge as it flowing from the upstream to downstream column.Hence,the band broadening is counterbalanced,resulting in an enrichment effect for those minor components in separation process.Herein,two target substances,which showed similar peak position in high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and did not exceed 1.8%in crude paclitaxel were selected as target compounds for separation.By using the twin-column recycling chromatography with a step solvent gradient,a successful purification was achieved in getting the two with the purity almost 100%.We suggest this method is suitable for the separation of most components in natural produces,which shows higher precision and recovery rate compared with the common lab-operated separation ways for natural products(thin-layer chromatography and prep-HPLC).
基金The authors are grateful for the support by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0500300,2020YFB1708300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205280,12172041).
文摘Lightweight thin-walled structures with lattice infill are widely desired in satellite for their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and superior buckling strength resulting fromthe sandwich effect.Such structures can be fabricated bymetallic additive manufacturing technique,such as selective laser melting(SLM).However,the maximum dimensions of actual structures are usually in a sub-meter scale,which results in restrictions on their appliance in aerospace and other fields.In this work,a meter-scale thin-walled structure with lattice infill is designed for the fuel tank supporting component of the satellite by integrating a self-supporting lattice into the thickness optimization of the thin-wall.The designed structure is fabricated by SLM of AlSi10Mg and cold metal transfer welding technique.Quasi-static mechanical tests and vibration tests are both conducted to verify the mechanical strength of the designed large-scale lattice thin-walled structure.The experimental results indicate that themeter-scale thin-walled structure with lattice infill could meet the dimension and lightweight requirements of most spacecrafts.
基金supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(202301BF070001-009,KC-22222357)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0990)the School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications。
文摘Ternary strategy with a suitable third component is a successful strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Very recently,Y-series based giant molecule acceptors or oligomerized acceptors have emerged as promising materials for achieving highly efficient and stable binary OSCs,while application as third component for ternary OSCs is limited.Here a novelπ-extended giant dimeric acceptor,GDF,is developed based on central Y series core fusion and rigid BDT as linker,and then incorporated into the state-of-the-art PM1:PC6 system to construct ternary OSCs.The GDF has a near planar backbone,resulting in increasedπ-conjugation,excellent crystallinity,and good electron transport capacity.When GDF is introduced into the PM1:PC6 system,it ensues in a cascade like the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(LUMO)energy level alignment,a complementary absorption band with PM1 and PC6,higher and balanced hole and electron mobility,slightly smaller domain size,and a higher exciton dissociation probability for PM1:PC6:GDF(1:1.1:0.1)blend film.As a consequence,the PM1:PC6:GDF(1:1.1:0.1)ternary OSC achieves a champion PCE of 19.22%,with a significantly higher open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density,compared to 18.45%for the PM1:PC6(1:1.2)binary OSC.Our findings show that employing aπ-extended giant dimeric acceptor as a third component significantly improves the photovoltaic performance of ternary OSCs.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2020-JYB-ZDGG-054)“Beijing university of Chinese medicine XINAO Award Fund”(2019)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Scientific Research and Development Fund(2170072220002).
文摘Objective:To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods: A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat tibial fracture model.Progression of bone healing was assessed using radiological methods.Safranin O/fast green and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the growth of bone cells and angiogenesis at the fracture site.Methylthiazoletetrazolium blue and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell viability and migration.The Transwell assay was used to explore the invasion capacity of the cells.Tubule formation assays were used to assess the angiogenesis capacity of human vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs).qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the changes in gene transcription levels.Results: Tu Bie Chong fraction 3(TF3)significantly shortened the fracture healing time in model rats.X-ray results showed that on day 14,fracture healing in the TF3 treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P=.0086).Tissue staining showed that cartilage growth and the number of H-shaped blood vessels at the fracture site of the TF3 treatment group were better than those of the control group.In vitro,TF3 significantly promoted the proliferation and wound healing of MC3T3-E1s and HUVECs(all P<.01).Transwell assays showed that TF3 promoted the migration of HUVECs,but inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells.Tubule formation experiments confirmed that TF3 markedly promoted the ability of vascular endothelial cells to form microtubules.Gene expression analysis revealed that TF3 significantly promoted the expression of VEGFA,SPOCD1,NGF,and NGFR in HUVECs.In MC3T3-E1 cells,the transcript levels of RUNX2 and COL2A1 were significantly elevated following TF3 treatment.Conclusion: TF3 promotes fracture healing by promoting bone regeneration associated with the RUNX2 pathway and angiogenesis associated with the VEGFA pathway.
基金supported by the EU H2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement(Project-DEEP,Grant number:101109045)National Key R&D Program of China with Grant number 2018YFB1800804+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.NSFC 61925105,and 62171257)Tsinghua University-China Mobile Communications Group Co.,Ltd,Joint Institutethe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-NP-20-03)。
文摘The increasing dependence on data highlights the need for a detailed understanding of its behavior,encompassing the challenges involved in processing and evaluating it.However,current research lacks a comprehensive structure for measuring the worth of data elements,hindering effective navigation of the changing digital environment.This paper aims to fill this research gap by introducing the innovative concept of“data components.”It proposes a graphtheoretic representation model that presents a clear mathematical definition and demonstrates the superiority of data components over traditional processing methods.Additionally,the paper introduces an information measurement model that provides a way to calculate the information entropy of data components and establish their increased informational value.The paper also assesses the value of information,suggesting a pricing mechanism based on its significance.In conclusion,this paper establishes a robust framework for understanding and quantifying the value of implicit information in data,laying the groundwork for future research and practical applications.
基金funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)。
文摘Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.
文摘BACKGROUND Complement components could contribute to the tumor microenvironment and the systemic immune response.Nevertheless,their role in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a contentious subject.AIM To elucidate the relationship between complement components and CRC risk and clinical characteristics.METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed,the Cochrane Library,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database until June 1,2023.We included cohort studies encompassing participants aged≥18 years,investigating the association between complement components and CRC.The studies were of moderate quality or above,as determined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.The meta-analysis employed fixed-effects or random-effects models based on the I^(2)test,utilizing risk ratio(RR)and their corresponding 95%confidence interval(CI)for outcomes.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the collective estimates and identify the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Data from 15 studies,comprising 1631 participants that met the inclusion criteria,were included in the meta-analysis.Our findings indicated that protein levels of cluster of differentiation 46(CD46)(RR=3.66,95%CI:1.75-7.64,P<0.001),CD59(RR=2.86,95%CI:1.36-6.01,P=0.005),and component 1(C1)(RR=5.88,95%CI:1.75-19.73,P=0.004)and serum levels of C3(standardized mean difference=1.82,95%CI:0.06-3.58,P=0.040)were significantly elevated in patients with CRC compared to healthy controls.Strong expression of CD55 or CD59 was associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis,whereas strong CD46 expression correlated with a higher incidence of tumor differentiation compared to low CD46 expression(P<0.05 for all).Although specific pooled results demonstrated notable heterogeneity,subgroup analyses pointed to regional differences as the primary source of inconsistency among the studies.CONCLUSION Our analysis underscores that increased levels of specific complement components are associated with a heightened risk of CRC,emphasizing the potential significance of monitoring elevated complement component levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31622042)。
文摘In this study,umami taste intensity(UTI)and umami taste components in chicken breast(CB)and chickenspices blends were characterized using sensory and instrumental analysis.Our main objective was to assess the aroma-umami taste interactions in different food matrices and reconcile the aroma-taste perception to assist future product development.The impact of key aroma,including vegetable-note"2-pentylfuran",meaty"methional",green"hexanal",and spicy-note-estragole and caryophyllene"on UTI was evaluated in monosodium glutamate and chicken extract.We found that spices significantly decreased UTI and umami taste components in CB.Interestingly,the perceptually similar odorants and tastants exhibited the potential to enhance UTI in food matrices.Methional was able to increase the UTI,whereas spicy and green-note components could reduce the UTI significantly.This information would be valuable to food engineers and formulators in aroma selection to control the UTI perceived by consumers,thus,improving the quality and acceptability of the chicken products.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0703400)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205447)Changjiang Scholars Program of the Chinese Ministry of Education。
文摘It is a challenge to polish the interior surface of an additively manufactured component with complex structures and groove sizes less than 1 mm.Traditional polishing methods are disabled to polish the component,meanwhile keeping the structure intact.To overcome this challenge,small-grooved components made of aluminum alloy with sizes less than 1 mm were fabricated by a custom-made printer.A novel approach to multi-phase jet(MPJ)polishing is proposed,utilizing a self-developed polisher that incorporates solid,liquid,and gas phases.In contrast,abrasive air jet(AAJ)polishing is recommended,employing a customized polisher that combines solid and gas phases.After jet polishing,surface roughness(Sa)on the interior surface of grooves decreases from pristine 8.596μm to 0.701μm and 0.336μm via AAJ polishing and MPJ polishing,respectively,and Sa reduces 92%and 96%,correspondingly.Furthermore,a formula defining the relationship between linear energy density and unit defect volume has been developed.The optimized parameters in additive manufacturing are that linear energy density varies from 0.135 J mm^(-1)to 0.22 J mm^(-1).The unit area defect volume achieved via the optimized parameters decreases to 1/12 of that achieved via non-optimized ones.Computational fluid dynamics simulation results reveal that material is removed by shear stress,and the alumina abrasives experience multiple collisions with the defects on the heat pipe groove,resulting in uniform material removal.This is in good agreement with the experimental results.The novel proposed setups,approach,and findings provide new insights into manufacturing complex-structured components,polishing the small-grooved structure,and keeping it unbroken.
基金supported by grants The Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2019MS08104)The Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2022ZD09)The Central Government Guiding Special Funds for Development of Local Science and Technology(2020ZY0020).
文摘Background:The active components of Horcha-6 were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.Also,we investigated the potential mechanisms that explain why Horcha-6 may be effective in treating migraines through the use of network pharmacology and a rat migraine model.Methods:After identifying the active components of Horcha-6,the corresponding genes of the active components’target were obtained from the Universal Protein database,and a“compound-target-disease”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.For the in vivo experiments,nitroglycerin was injected intraperitoneally into rats to create a migraine model.Pre-treatment with Horcha-6 was administered orally for 14 days,and rats were subjected to migraine-related behavior tests.RNA sequencing was performed to identify the gene expression regulated by Horcha-6 in the trigeminal nerve.Results:A total of 903 chemical components of Horcha-6 have been collected in the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.We discovered 55 of the Horcha-6 bio-active components that were evaluated based on their Percent Human Oral Absorption(≥30%)and DL values(≥0.185)on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database.The“compound-target-disease”network contained 163 intersection targets with the migraine state.Gene Ontology analysis indicated that these components significantly regulated the immune response,vascular function,oxidative stress,etc.When Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed,we observed that most of the target genes were significantly enriched in the inflammation and neuro-related signaling pathway,toll-like receptor signaling pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.These predictions were further demonstrated via in vivo animal model experiments.The RNA sequencing results showed that 41 genes were down-regulated(P<0.05)and 86 genes were up-regulated(P<0.05)in the Horcha-6 treated group compared with the untreated group.Those genes were mainly involved in neuromodulation,vascular function,and hormone metabolism.Conclusion:The 55 bio-active components in Horcha-6 regulate inflammation,hormone metabolism,and neurotransmitters and have potential as a therapy to treat migraines.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3404204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.U2241232,U2341253 and 52375317.
文摘The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed,and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed.Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process.Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow,the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding,significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects.In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy,α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains,while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods.The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal,yet its influence on elongation is considerable.Following local pressure compensation,the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%,which represents a 44.90%higher than that before compensation.The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa,and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa.The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.
基金supported by the project for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mongolian medicine standardization(2023-[MB026])the Scientific and Technological Innovative Research Team for Inner Mongolia Medical University of Bioanalysis of Mongolian medicine’s(No.YKD2022TD037)+1 种基金the University Youth Science and Technology Talent Program(No.NJYT23135)the Inner Mongolia Medical University“First-class Discipline”construction project(No.2024MYYLXK006).
文摘Gentiana macrophylla Pall.(G.macrophylla),whose genus and family belong to the Gentianaceae and Gentiana.The main distribution centers of G.macrophylla resources were the Loess Plateau and the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.G.macrophylla,as a traditional medicine,has a long history and was used in different ethnic medicines.Its roots were used in traditional Chinese medicine,which had the effect of anti-inflammatory,anti-rheumatism,antiviral,promote blood circulation,eliminate swelling and pain,while its flowers were used in traditional Mongolian medicine,which had the effect of removing“Xieriwusu”(“Xieriwusu”means rheumatism),antiviral,reducing swelling.From previous studies,it could be found that there were more than forty components isolated and identified from G.macrophylla.The main chemical components were iridoids,flavonoids,triterpenoids,steroids,phenylpropanoids,and alkaloids.Iridoid terpenoid components represented by gentiopicroside and Loganic acid were the main components of the root of G.macrophylla,which had anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,analgesic,antibacterial and promote gastrointestinal tract activities.The flower mainly contains isoorientin and isovitexin as the representative of flavonoids.They have anti-tumor,liver protection,heart protection,inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of melanin.It could be seen from previous studies that the research on G.macrophylla was mainly focused on the root,and the flower was rarely studied.It was reported that the experimental data of the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of G.macrophylla flowers show that its curative effect was very good.Therefore,the flowers of the flower of G.macrophylla can be used as potential medicinal parts for research.Given that flavonoids are mostly found in flowers and exhibit a range of functions,it is possible to investigate the flowers in order to learn more about G.macrophylla’s potential medical benefits.Based on botanical books,Chinese classic texts,medical monographs and academic search engines(Google,Google Scholar,Web of Science,SciFinder,Pubmed,CNKI,Sci-hub,Elsevier and Wanfang),the data and information on G.macrophylla in the past 20 years are inquired and summarized comprehensively.The basic source,traditional use,chemical composition,biological activity,pharmacodynamics and quality control of G.macrophylla was systematically reviewed,in order to provide reliable basis for the subsequent development and utilization of G.macrophylla.
基金funded by Outstanding Talent of“Qishan Scholar”of Fuzhou University of China(GXRC21049)the Open Project Program of the Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety,Beijing Technology and Business University(BTBU)(FQS-201802,FQS-202008).
文摘This study aimed to investigate microbial succession and metabolic dynamics during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aged vinegar,and explore the core functional microbes closely related to the formation of flavor components.Microbiome analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus,Acetobacter,Bacillus,Enterobacter,Lactococcus,Leuconostoc and Weissella were the predominant bacterial genera,while Aspergillus piperis,Aspergillus oryzae,Monascus purpureus,Candida athensensis,C.xylopsoci,Penicillium ochrosalmoneum and Simplicillium aogashimaense were the predominant fungal species.Correlation analysis revealed that Acetobacter was positively correlated with the production of tetramethylpyrazine,acetoin and acetic acid,Lactococcus showed positive correlation with the production of 2-nonanone,2-heptanone,ethyl caprylate,ethyl caprate,1-hexanol,1-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol,C.xylopsoci and C.rugosa were positively associated with the production of diethyl malonate,2,3-butanediyl diacetate,acetoin,benzaldehyde and tetramethylpyrazine.Correspondingly,non-volatile metabolites were also detected through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.A variety of amino acids and functional dipeptides were identified during the traditional brewing of Hongqu aged vinegar.Correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus was significantly associated with DL-lactate,indolelactic acid,D-(+)-3-phenyllactic acid,pimelic acid,pregabalin and 3-aminobutanoic acid.This study is useful for understanding flavor formation mechanism and developing effective strategies for the suitable strains selection to improve the flavor quality of Hongqu aged vinegar.
基金funded by the project entitled Technical Countermeasures for the Quantitative Characterization and Adjustment of Residual Gas in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs of the Daniudi Gas Field(P20065-1)organized by the Science&Technology R&D Department of Sinopec.
文摘Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.
