With the development of ultra-wide coverage technology,multibeam echo-sounder(MBES)system has put forward higher requirements for localization accuracy and computational efficiency of ray tracing method.The classical ...With the development of ultra-wide coverage technology,multibeam echo-sounder(MBES)system has put forward higher requirements for localization accuracy and computational efficiency of ray tracing method.The classical equivalent sound speed profile(ESSP)method replaces the measured sound velocity profile(SVP)with a simple constant gradient SVP,reducing the computational workload of beam positioning.However,in deep-sea environment,the depth measurement error of this method rapidly increases from the central beam to the edge beam.By analyzing the positioning error of the ESSP method at edge beam,it is discovered that the positioning error increases monotonically with the incident angle,and the relationship between them could be expressed by polynomial function.Therefore,an error correction algorithm based on polynomial fitting is obtained.The simulation experiment conducted on an inclined seafloor shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits comparable efficiency to the original ESSP method,while significantly improving bathymetry accuracy by nearly eight times in the edge beam.展开更多
Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is recognized as a precise binary targeted radiotherapy technique that effectively eliminates tumors through the^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li nuclear reaction.Among various neutron sources,acce...Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is recognized as a precise binary targeted radiotherapy technique that effectively eliminates tumors through the^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li nuclear reaction.Among various neutron sources,accelerator-based sources have emerged as particularly promising for BNCT applications.The^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be reaction is highly regarded as a potential neutron source for BNCT,owing to its low threshold energy for the reaction,significant neutron yield,appropriate average neutron energy,and additional benefits.This study utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model the physical interactions within a lithium target subjected to proton bombardment,including neutron moderation by an MgF_(2)moderator and subsequent BNCT dose analysis using a Snyder head phantom.The study focused on calculating the yields of epithermal neutrons for various incident proton energies,finding an optimal energy at 2.7 MeV.Furthermore,the Snyder head phantom was employed in dose simulations to validate the effectiveness of this specific incident energy when utilizing a^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be neutron source for BNCT purposes.展开更多
Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare disease with a poor prognosis.Simple cholecystectomy may be an adequate treatment only for very early disease(Tis,T1a),whereas reoperation is recommended for more advanced disease(T1b ...Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare disease with a poor prognosis.Simple cholecystectomy may be an adequate treatment only for very early disease(Tis,T1a),whereas reoperation is recommended for more advanced disease(T1b and T2).Radical cholecystectomy should have two fundamental objectives:To radically resect the liver parenchyma and to achieve adequate clearance of the lymph nodes.However,recent studies have shown that compared with lymph node dissection alone,liver resection does not improve survival outcomes.The oncological roles of lymphadenectomy and liver resection is distinct.Therefore,for patients with incidental GBC without liver invasion,hepatic resection is not always mandatory.展开更多
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)has emerged as a cornerstone in cancer evaluation imaging,with a well-established history spanning several years.This ima...Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)has emerged as a cornerstone in cancer evaluation imaging,with a well-established history spanning several years.This imaging modality,encompassing the examination of the body from the base of the skull to the upper thighs,comprehensively covers the chest and abdominopelvic regions in a singular scan,allowing for a holistic assessment of nearly the entire body,including areas of marginal interest.The inherent advantage of this expansive scan range lies in its potential to unveil unexpected incidental abnormal hypermetabolic areas.The identification of incidental focal FDG uptake within colorectal regions during PET/CT scans is not an uncommon occurrence,albeit fraught with challenges associated with non-specific FDG uptake.The presence of benign colorectal lesions or physiological uptake poses a particular obstacle,as these may manifest with FDG uptake levels that mimic malignancy.Consequently,physicians are confronted with a diagnostic dilemma when encountering abnormal FDG uptake in unexpected colorectal areas.Existing studies have presented divergent results concerning these uptakes.Standardized uptake value and its derivatives have served as pivotal metrics in quantifying FDG uptake in PET images.In this article,we aim to succinctly explore the distinctive characteristics of FDG,delve into imaging findings,and elucidate the clinical significance of incidental focal colorectal uptake.This discussion aims to contribute valuable insights into the nuanced interpretation of such findings,fostering a comprehensive understanding.展开更多
Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular tumors of the brain. These are rare tumors, usually located in the cerebellum and most often affecting young adults. The aim was to study the value of CT in the management of hema...Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular tumors of the brain. These are rare tumors, usually located in the cerebellum and most often affecting young adults. The aim was to study the value of CT in the management of hemangioblastoma through observation. We report the case of a 38-year-old patient referred to the radiology and Medical Imaging Department of the Marie Curie Medical Clinic in Bamako, Mali, for an orbito-cerebral CT scan in a context of bilateral eyelid edema. The examination was performed using multi-slice computed tomography (16 slices) with reconstruction in the 3 planes of space without and with the injection of an iodinated contrast agent. The CT scan was crucial in making the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma incidentally, which allowed for adequate management. The patient was operated on, and the radiological outcome was favorable, without significant cystic formation, after postoperative control and clinical signs were resolved. CT can be an interesting alternative in countries like ours despite MRI being the examination of choice in hemangioblastomas.展开更多
Anti-jamming solutions based on antenna arrays enhance the anti-jamming ability and the robustness of global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receiver remarkably.However,the performance of the receiver will deteriorat...Anti-jamming solutions based on antenna arrays enhance the anti-jamming ability and the robustness of global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receiver remarkably.However,the performance of the receiver will deteriorate significantly in the overloaded interferences scenario.We define the overloaded interferences scenario as where the number of interferences is more than or equal to the number of antenna arrays elements.In this paper,the effect mechanism of interferences with different incident directions is found by studying the anti-jamming performance of the adaptive space filter.The theoretical analysis and conclusions,which are first validated through numerical examples,reveal the relationships between the optimal weight vector and the eigenvectors of the input signal autocorrelation matrix,the relationships between the interference cancellation ratio(ICR),the signal to interference and noise power ratio(SINR)of the adaptive space filter output and the number of interferences,the eigenvalues of the input signal autocorrelation matrix.In addition,two simulation experiments are utilized to further corroborate the theoretical findings through soft anti-jamming receiver.The simulation results match well with the theoretical analysis results,thus validating the effect mechanism of overloaded interferences.The simulation results show that,for a four elements circular array,the performance difference is up to 19 dB with different incident directions of interferences.Anti-jamming performance evaluation and jamming deployment optimization can obtain more accurate and efficient results by using the conclusions.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Rapid on-site triage is critical after mass-casualty incidents(MCIs)and other mass injury events.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in MCIs to search and rescue wounded individuals,but they mainly...BACKGROUND:Rapid on-site triage is critical after mass-casualty incidents(MCIs)and other mass injury events.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in MCIs to search and rescue wounded individuals,but they mainly depend on the UAV operator’s experience.We used UAVs and artificial intelligence(AI)to provide a new technique for the triage of MCIs and more efficient solutions for emergency rescue.METHODS:This was a preliminary experimental study.We developed an intelligent triage system based on two AI algorithms,namely OpenPose and YOLO.Volunteers were recruited to simulate the MCI scene and triage,combined with UAV and Fifth Generation(5G)Mobile Communication Technology real-time transmission technique,to achieve triage in the simulated MCI scene.RESULTS:Seven postures were designed and recognized to achieve brief but meaningful triage in MCIs.Eight volunteers participated in the MCI simulation scenario.The results of simulation scenarios showed that the proposed method was feasible in tasks of triage for MCIs.CONCLUSION:The proposed technique may provide an alternative technique for the triage of MCIs and is an innovative method in emergency rescue.展开更多
This study develops a procedure to rank agencies based on their incident responses using roadway clearance times for crashes. This analysis is not intended to grade agencies but to assist in identifying agencies requi...This study develops a procedure to rank agencies based on their incident responses using roadway clearance times for crashes. This analysis is not intended to grade agencies but to assist in identifying agencies requiring more training or resources for incident management. Previous NCHRP reports discussed usage of different factors including incident severity, roadway characteristics, number of lanes involved and time of incident separately for estimating the performance. However, it does not tell us how to incorporate all the factors at the same time. Thus, this study aims to account for multiple factors to ensure fair comparisons. This study used 149,174 crashes from Iowa that occurred from 2018 to 2021. A Tobit regression model was used to find the effect of different variables on roadway clearance time. Variables that cannot be controlled directly by agencies such as crash severity, roadway type, weather conditions, lighting conditions, etc., were included in the analysis as it helps to reduce bias in the ranking procedure. Then clearance time of each crash is normalized into a base condition using the regression coefficients. The normalization makes the process more efficient as the effect of uncontrollable factors has already been mitigated. Finally, the agencies were ranked by their average normalized roadway clearance time. This ranking process allows agencies to track their performance of previous crashes, can be used in identifying low performing agencies that could use additional resources and training, and can be used to identify high performing agencies to recognize for their efforts and performance.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed a phenomenon that major English teachers in China have adopted the traditional teaching pattern, mechanically linking English pronunciations directly with the meaning of Chinese, which grad...Recent years have witnessed a phenomenon that major English teachers in China have adopted the traditional teaching pattern, mechanically linking English pronunciations directly with the meaning of Chinese, which gradually dampens learners’ enthusiasm. The chief purpose of this paper was to design one English vocabulary teaching lesson based on incidental acquisition. More specifically, the questions raised are, on the one hand, whether incidental vocabulary teaching imprints differences on the learning outcomes for middle school students, and, on the other hand, whether incidental acquisition results in positive feedback between teachers and students. The technique we applied was referred to as questionnaires and interviews addressed to a sample of 68 students. Focusing on the effect of incidental vocabulary acquisition, the analysis demonstrated that it could enhance students’ vocabulary capacity. In addition, it was interesting to note that excellent students and average students tended to embrace the new teaching style while underachievers were on the opposite side. On this basis, it is recommended for English teachers to design English vocabulary lessons, adopting visual, auditory, oral, reading or writing training. More precisely, they should use phonics rules and patterns, holistic learning, classified vocabulary teaching, visual illustration or multimedia teaching to give lessons effectively and expand learners’ vocabulary.展开更多
Traffic incident management (TIM) is a FHWA Every Day Counts initiative with the objective of reducing secondary crashes, improving travel reliability, and ensuring safety of responders. Agency roadside cameras play a...Traffic incident management (TIM) is a FHWA Every Day Counts initiative with the objective of reducing secondary crashes, improving travel reliability, and ensuring safety of responders. Agency roadside cameras play a critical role in TIM by helping dispatchers quickly identify the precise location of incidents when receiving reports from motorists with varying levels of spatial accuracy. Reconciling position reports that are often mile marker based, with cameras that operate in a Pan-Tilt-Zoom coordinate system relies on dispatchers having detailed knowledge for hundreds of cameras and perhaps some presets. During real-time incident dispatching, reducing the time it takes to identify the most relevant cameras and setting their view on the incident is an important opportunity to improve incident management dispatch times. This research develops a camera-to-mile marker mapping technique that automatically sets the camera view to a specified mile marker within the field-of-view of the camera. Over 350 traffic cameras along Indiana’s 2250 directional miles of interstate were mapped to approximately 5000 discrete locations that correspond to approximately 780 directional miles (~35% of interstate) of camera coverage. This newly developed technique will allow operators to quickly identify the nearest camera and set them to the reported location. This research also identifies segments on the interstate system with limited or no camera coverage for decision makers to prioritize future capital investments. This paper concludes with brief discussion on future research to automate the mapping using LiDAR data and to set the cameras after automatically detecting the events using connected vehicle trajectory data.展开更多
Intercultural literacy is attached increasingly great importance in this interconnected world.People from diversified cultural backgrounds need to interact with each other for various purposes.Schools and organization...Intercultural literacy is attached increasingly great importance in this interconnected world.People from diversified cultural backgrounds need to interact with each other for various purposes.Schools and organizations offer courses to improve people’s intercultural competence.This paper examines two effective techniques to teach intercultural competence in the classroom setting:critical incident activity and cultural story telling.These two strategies can help achieve the desired objectives of Michael Byram’s intercultural communication model.展开更多
Lu Xun’s short stories play a prominent role in the history of modern Chinese literature,and a number of Sinologists have studied them and published their English translations.This paper selects“YīJiàn Xiǎo S...Lu Xun’s short stories play a prominent role in the history of modern Chinese literature,and a number of Sinologists have studied them and published their English translations.This paper selects“YīJiàn Xiǎo Shì”in Lu Xun’s collection“Call to Arms”as the object of study,taking hypotaxis and parataxis as the starting point,and compares the translation of Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang with the original version,studying the differences between the them in the process of C-E translation.It is hoped that some flexible conversion strategies in English-Chinese translation can be learned from the translation research.展开更多
Objective To provide reference for the news media to give play to the role of public opinion supervision in time based on the background of drug safety and social co-governance.Methods The method of case analysis was ...Objective To provide reference for the news media to give play to the role of public opinion supervision in time based on the background of drug safety and social co-governance.Methods The method of case analysis was used to make a retrospective study on the Changsheng vaccine incident in 2018.Then the role of mainstream media,pharmaceutical media,and self-media in the supervision of public opinion was investigated.Results and Conclusion Both mainstream and pharmaceutical media played an excellent role in supervising the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident.However,the content published by some pharmaceutical media was hard to understand by ordinary people.Besides,the role of self-media in public opinion supervision was polarized.Some self-media closely kept pace with mainstream media in public opinion supervision.Other self-media unilaterally pursued the click rate,publishing false information to guide wrong public opinion.The news media should optimize the supervision efficiency of drug safety.On the one hand,pharmaceutical media should pay attention to the fact that readers may not understand the difficult terms because they are not professional.On the other hand,self-media practitioners should improve their professional quality so that they will not publish some fake news to mislead public opinion.展开更多
In order to avoid the noise and over fitting and further improve the limited classification performance of the real decision tree, a traffic incident detection method based on the random forest algorithm is presented....In order to avoid the noise and over fitting and further improve the limited classification performance of the real decision tree, a traffic incident detection method based on the random forest algorithm is presented. From the perspective of classification strength and correlation, three experiments are performed to investigate the potential application of random forest to traffic incident detection： comparison with a different number of decision trees; comparison with different decision trees; comparison with the neural network. The real traffic data of the 1-880 database is used in the experiments. The detection performance is evaluated by the common criteria including the detection rate, the false alarm rate, the mean time to detection, the classification rate and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic （ROC）. The experimental results indicate that the model based on random forest can improve the decision rate, reduce the testing time, and obtain a higher classification rate. Meanwhile, it is competitive compared with multi-layer feed forward neural networks （MLF）.展开更多
An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of rout...An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of route distance as the weight to reflect the impact of traffic conditions on the decisions of rescue resources.According to the characteristics of different types of rescue vehicles the dispatching decision-making time is revised to show the heterogeneity among different rescue vehicle dispatching modes. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the solutions to the rescue resources dispatching model. A case study shows that the proposed method can accurately reveal the impact of potential incidents on the costs of rescues according to the variations in the types and quantities of rescue resources and the optimal dispatching plan with respect to potential incidents can be obtained.The proposed method is applicable in real world scenarios.展开更多
The artificial intelligence technique is used to generate a freeway incident response plan. The incident response framework based on rule-based reasoning, case-based reasoning and Bayesian networks reasoning is presen...The artificial intelligence technique is used to generate a freeway incident response plan. The incident response framework based on rule-based reasoning, case-based reasoning and Bayesian networks reasoning is presented. First, a freeway incident management system （RK-IMS） based on rule-based reasoning is developed and applied for incident management in the northern section of the Nanjing-Lianyunguang Freeway. Then, field data from the two-year long operations of the RK-IMS are analyzed. Representations of incident case structures and Bayesian networks（BNs） structures related to incident responses are deduced. Finally, the k-nearest neighbor （k-NN） algorithm is applied to calculate the similarities of the cases. The preplan generation and the control strategy by integrating the k-NN algorithm are also developed. The model is validated by using incident data of the year 2006 from the RK-IMS. The comparison results indicate that the proposed algorithm is accurate and reliable.展开更多
Congestion on the freeway is more frequent due to several traffic incidents, namely traffic accidents, debris on the road, vehicle breakdown, and collision with guardrails than any other incidents. These, in turn, aff...Congestion on the freeway is more frequent due to several traffic incidents, namely traffic accidents, debris on the road, vehicle breakdown, and collision with guardrails than any other incidents. These, in turn, affect the operational performance of the freeway by increasing queue length, volume, and density. Consequently, effective freeway management strategies can help to minimize these impacts. The study investigates and summarizes existing studies to identify the reasons for and effects of the traffic incidents. Attention is given to the available solutions of the freeway traffic incidents management. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify the gaps which are not yet addressed to improve the operational effectiveness of the freeway. This study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review of existing refereed publications, established standards, and formal guidelines. Literature was sought through the Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) database, IEEE Transactions database, and google scholar search engine. Research focusing on freeway traffic incidents is a growing concern in transportation operations, as transportation network performance depends on it. Due to the advancement of technology, emerging vehicle technologies like connected vehicles have the potential to address these problems affecting the US transportation system and revolutionize mobility in the future. The study can serve as a reference for the researchers that are involved in freeway traffic operations.展开更多
The stress intensity factors and stress conditions of machining cracks are analyzed by fracture mechanics on the basis of honing characteristics and of brittle ceramic mechanical behavior.Because the honing incidental...The stress intensity factors and stress conditions of machining cracks are analyzed by fracture mechanics on the basis of honing characteristics and of brittle ceramic mechanical behavior.Because the honing incidental tensile stresses effectively decrease the critical grinding stresses and increase the stress intensity factors of machining cracks,the honing process can be carried out easily.The results show that honing can be an efficient machining method for brittle materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC)represents 50%-60%of gallbladder cancer cases.Data are conflicting on the role of IGBC diagnosis in oncological outcomes.Some studies suggest that IGBC diagnosis does not ...BACKGROUND Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC)represents 50%-60%of gallbladder cancer cases.Data are conflicting on the role of IGBC diagnosis in oncological outcomes.Some studies suggest that IGBC diagnosis does not affect outcomes,while others that overall survival(OS)is longer in these cases compared to non-incidental diagnosis(NIGBC).Furthermore,some studies reported early tumour stages and histopathologic characteristics as possible confounders,while others not.AIM To investigate the role of IGBC diagnosis on patients’overall survival,especially after surgical treatment with curative intent.METHODS Retrospective analysis of all patient referrals with gallbladder cancer between 2008 and 2020 in a tertiary hepatobiliary centre.Statistical comparison of patient and tumour characteristics between IGBC and NIGBC subgroups was performed.Survival analysis for the whole cohort,surgical and non-surgical subgroups was done with the Kaplan-Meier method and the use of log rank test.Risk analysis was performed with univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.RESULTS The cohort included 261 patients with gallbladder cancer.65%of cases had NIGBC and 35%had IGBC.A total of 90 patients received surgical treatment(66%of IGBC cases and 19%of NIGBC cases).NIGBC patients had more advanced T stage and required more extensive resections than IGBC ones.OS was longer in patients with IGBC in the whole cohort(29 vs 4 mo,P<0.001),as well as in the non-surgical(14 vs 2 mo,P<0.001)and surgical subgroups(29 vs 16.5 mo,P=0.001).Disease free survival(DFS)after surgery was longer in patients with IGBC(21.5 mo vs 8.5 mo,P=0.007).N stage and resection margin status were identified as independent predictors of OS and DFS.NIGBC diagnosis was identified as an independent predictor of OS.CONCLUSION IGBC diagnosis may confer a survival advantage independently of the pathological stage and tumour characteristics.Prospective studies are required to further investigate this,including detailed pathological analysis and molecular gene expression.展开更多
In real-life freeway transportation system, a few number of incident observation （very rare event） is available while there are large numbers of normal condition dataset. Most of researches on freeway incident detec...In real-life freeway transportation system, a few number of incident observation （very rare event） is available while there are large numbers of normal condition dataset. Most of researches on freeway incident detection have considered the incident detection problem as classification one. However, because of insufficiency of incident events, most of previous researches have utilized simulated incident events to develop freeway incident detection models. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a wavelet-based Hotelling 7a control chart for freeway incident detection, which integrates a wavelet transform into an abnormal detection method. Firstly, wavelet transform extracts useful features from noisy original traffic observations, leading to reduce the dimensionality of input vectors. Then, a Hotelling T2 control chart describes a decision boundary with only normal traffic observations with the selected features in the wavelet domain. Unlike the existing incident detection algorithms, which require lots of incident observations to construct incident detection models, the proposed approach can decide a decision boundary given only normal training observations. The proposed method is evaluated in comparison with California algorithm, Minnesota algorithm and conventional neural networks. The experimental results present that the proposed algorithm in this paper is a promising alternative for freeway automatic incident detections.展开更多
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under contract Nos ZR2022MA051 and ZR2020MA090the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.U22A2012+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2020M670891the SDUST Research Fund under contract No.2019TDJH103the Talent Introduction Plan for Youth Innovation Team in universities of Shandong Province(innovation team of satellite positioning and navigation)。
文摘With the development of ultra-wide coverage technology,multibeam echo-sounder(MBES)system has put forward higher requirements for localization accuracy and computational efficiency of ray tracing method.The classical equivalent sound speed profile(ESSP)method replaces the measured sound velocity profile(SVP)with a simple constant gradient SVP,reducing the computational workload of beam positioning.However,in deep-sea environment,the depth measurement error of this method rapidly increases from the central beam to the edge beam.By analyzing the positioning error of the ESSP method at edge beam,it is discovered that the positioning error increases monotonically with the incident angle,and the relationship between them could be expressed by polynomial function.Therefore,an error correction algorithm based on polynomial fitting is obtained.The simulation experiment conducted on an inclined seafloor shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits comparable efficiency to the original ESSP method,while significantly improving bathymetry accuracy by nearly eight times in the edge beam.
文摘Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is recognized as a precise binary targeted radiotherapy technique that effectively eliminates tumors through the^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li nuclear reaction.Among various neutron sources,accelerator-based sources have emerged as particularly promising for BNCT applications.The^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be reaction is highly regarded as a potential neutron source for BNCT,owing to its low threshold energy for the reaction,significant neutron yield,appropriate average neutron energy,and additional benefits.This study utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model the physical interactions within a lithium target subjected to proton bombardment,including neutron moderation by an MgF_(2)moderator and subsequent BNCT dose analysis using a Snyder head phantom.The study focused on calculating the yields of epithermal neutrons for various incident proton energies,finding an optimal energy at 2.7 MeV.Furthermore,the Snyder head phantom was employed in dose simulations to validate the effectiveness of this specific incident energy when utilizing a^(7)Li(p,n)^(7)Be neutron source for BNCT purposes.
文摘Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare disease with a poor prognosis.Simple cholecystectomy may be an adequate treatment only for very early disease(Tis,T1a),whereas reoperation is recommended for more advanced disease(T1b and T2).Radical cholecystectomy should have two fundamental objectives:To radically resect the liver parenchyma and to achieve adequate clearance of the lymph nodes.However,recent studies have shown that compared with lymph node dissection alone,liver resection does not improve survival outcomes.The oncological roles of lymphadenectomy and liver resection is distinct.Therefore,for patients with incidental GBC without liver invasion,hepatic resection is not always mandatory.
文摘Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)has emerged as a cornerstone in cancer evaluation imaging,with a well-established history spanning several years.This imaging modality,encompassing the examination of the body from the base of the skull to the upper thighs,comprehensively covers the chest and abdominopelvic regions in a singular scan,allowing for a holistic assessment of nearly the entire body,including areas of marginal interest.The inherent advantage of this expansive scan range lies in its potential to unveil unexpected incidental abnormal hypermetabolic areas.The identification of incidental focal FDG uptake within colorectal regions during PET/CT scans is not an uncommon occurrence,albeit fraught with challenges associated with non-specific FDG uptake.The presence of benign colorectal lesions or physiological uptake poses a particular obstacle,as these may manifest with FDG uptake levels that mimic malignancy.Consequently,physicians are confronted with a diagnostic dilemma when encountering abnormal FDG uptake in unexpected colorectal areas.Existing studies have presented divergent results concerning these uptakes.Standardized uptake value and its derivatives have served as pivotal metrics in quantifying FDG uptake in PET images.In this article,we aim to succinctly explore the distinctive characteristics of FDG,delve into imaging findings,and elucidate the clinical significance of incidental focal colorectal uptake.This discussion aims to contribute valuable insights into the nuanced interpretation of such findings,fostering a comprehensive understanding.
文摘Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular tumors of the brain. These are rare tumors, usually located in the cerebellum and most often affecting young adults. The aim was to study the value of CT in the management of hemangioblastoma through observation. We report the case of a 38-year-old patient referred to the radiology and Medical Imaging Department of the Marie Curie Medical Clinic in Bamako, Mali, for an orbito-cerebral CT scan in a context of bilateral eyelid edema. The examination was performed using multi-slice computed tomography (16 slices) with reconstruction in the 3 planes of space without and with the injection of an iodinated contrast agent. The CT scan was crucial in making the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma incidentally, which allowed for adequate management. The patient was operated on, and the radiological outcome was favorable, without significant cystic formation, after postoperative control and clinical signs were resolved. CT can be an interesting alternative in countries like ours despite MRI being the examination of choice in hemangioblastomas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003354).
文摘Anti-jamming solutions based on antenna arrays enhance the anti-jamming ability and the robustness of global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receiver remarkably.However,the performance of the receiver will deteriorate significantly in the overloaded interferences scenario.We define the overloaded interferences scenario as where the number of interferences is more than or equal to the number of antenna arrays elements.In this paper,the effect mechanism of interferences with different incident directions is found by studying the anti-jamming performance of the adaptive space filter.The theoretical analysis and conclusions,which are first validated through numerical examples,reveal the relationships between the optimal weight vector and the eigenvectors of the input signal autocorrelation matrix,the relationships between the interference cancellation ratio(ICR),the signal to interference and noise power ratio(SINR)of the adaptive space filter output and the number of interferences,the eigenvalues of the input signal autocorrelation matrix.In addition,two simulation experiments are utilized to further corroborate the theoretical findings through soft anti-jamming receiver.The simulation results match well with the theoretical analysis results,thus validating the effect mechanism of overloaded interferences.The simulation results show that,for a four elements circular array,the performance difference is up to 19 dB with different incident directions of interferences.Anti-jamming performance evaluation and jamming deployment optimization can obtain more accurate and efficient results by using the conclusions.
基金Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911007)Shenzhen Stability Support Plan(20200824145152001)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Rapid on-site triage is critical after mass-casualty incidents(MCIs)and other mass injury events.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in MCIs to search and rescue wounded individuals,but they mainly depend on the UAV operator’s experience.We used UAVs and artificial intelligence(AI)to provide a new technique for the triage of MCIs and more efficient solutions for emergency rescue.METHODS:This was a preliminary experimental study.We developed an intelligent triage system based on two AI algorithms,namely OpenPose and YOLO.Volunteers were recruited to simulate the MCI scene and triage,combined with UAV and Fifth Generation(5G)Mobile Communication Technology real-time transmission technique,to achieve triage in the simulated MCI scene.RESULTS:Seven postures were designed and recognized to achieve brief but meaningful triage in MCIs.Eight volunteers participated in the MCI simulation scenario.The results of simulation scenarios showed that the proposed method was feasible in tasks of triage for MCIs.CONCLUSION:The proposed technique may provide an alternative technique for the triage of MCIs and is an innovative method in emergency rescue.
文摘This study develops a procedure to rank agencies based on their incident responses using roadway clearance times for crashes. This analysis is not intended to grade agencies but to assist in identifying agencies requiring more training or resources for incident management. Previous NCHRP reports discussed usage of different factors including incident severity, roadway characteristics, number of lanes involved and time of incident separately for estimating the performance. However, it does not tell us how to incorporate all the factors at the same time. Thus, this study aims to account for multiple factors to ensure fair comparisons. This study used 149,174 crashes from Iowa that occurred from 2018 to 2021. A Tobit regression model was used to find the effect of different variables on roadway clearance time. Variables that cannot be controlled directly by agencies such as crash severity, roadway type, weather conditions, lighting conditions, etc., were included in the analysis as it helps to reduce bias in the ranking procedure. Then clearance time of each crash is normalized into a base condition using the regression coefficients. The normalization makes the process more efficient as the effect of uncontrollable factors has already been mitigated. Finally, the agencies were ranked by their average normalized roadway clearance time. This ranking process allows agencies to track their performance of previous crashes, can be used in identifying low performing agencies that could use additional resources and training, and can be used to identify high performing agencies to recognize for their efforts and performance.
文摘Recent years have witnessed a phenomenon that major English teachers in China have adopted the traditional teaching pattern, mechanically linking English pronunciations directly with the meaning of Chinese, which gradually dampens learners’ enthusiasm. The chief purpose of this paper was to design one English vocabulary teaching lesson based on incidental acquisition. More specifically, the questions raised are, on the one hand, whether incidental vocabulary teaching imprints differences on the learning outcomes for middle school students, and, on the other hand, whether incidental acquisition results in positive feedback between teachers and students. The technique we applied was referred to as questionnaires and interviews addressed to a sample of 68 students. Focusing on the effect of incidental vocabulary acquisition, the analysis demonstrated that it could enhance students’ vocabulary capacity. In addition, it was interesting to note that excellent students and average students tended to embrace the new teaching style while underachievers were on the opposite side. On this basis, it is recommended for English teachers to design English vocabulary lessons, adopting visual, auditory, oral, reading or writing training. More precisely, they should use phonics rules and patterns, holistic learning, classified vocabulary teaching, visual illustration or multimedia teaching to give lessons effectively and expand learners’ vocabulary.
文摘Traffic incident management (TIM) is a FHWA Every Day Counts initiative with the objective of reducing secondary crashes, improving travel reliability, and ensuring safety of responders. Agency roadside cameras play a critical role in TIM by helping dispatchers quickly identify the precise location of incidents when receiving reports from motorists with varying levels of spatial accuracy. Reconciling position reports that are often mile marker based, with cameras that operate in a Pan-Tilt-Zoom coordinate system relies on dispatchers having detailed knowledge for hundreds of cameras and perhaps some presets. During real-time incident dispatching, reducing the time it takes to identify the most relevant cameras and setting their view on the incident is an important opportunity to improve incident management dispatch times. This research develops a camera-to-mile marker mapping technique that automatically sets the camera view to a specified mile marker within the field-of-view of the camera. Over 350 traffic cameras along Indiana’s 2250 directional miles of interstate were mapped to approximately 5000 discrete locations that correspond to approximately 780 directional miles (~35% of interstate) of camera coverage. This newly developed technique will allow operators to quickly identify the nearest camera and set them to the reported location. This research also identifies segments on the interstate system with limited or no camera coverage for decision makers to prioritize future capital investments. This paper concludes with brief discussion on future research to automate the mapping using LiDAR data and to set the cameras after automatically detecting the events using connected vehicle trajectory data.
文摘Intercultural literacy is attached increasingly great importance in this interconnected world.People from diversified cultural backgrounds need to interact with each other for various purposes.Schools and organizations offer courses to improve people’s intercultural competence.This paper examines two effective techniques to teach intercultural competence in the classroom setting:critical incident activity and cultural story telling.These two strategies can help achieve the desired objectives of Michael Byram’s intercultural communication model.
基金The paper is part of the achievements of“Research of the English Translation of Lu Xun’s Short Stories and Their Dissemination”(鲁迅小说英译及传播研究),a Shanghai City College Students’project in 2023.Its serial number is SH2023141.
文摘Lu Xun’s short stories play a prominent role in the history of modern Chinese literature,and a number of Sinologists have studied them and published their English translations.This paper selects“YīJiàn Xiǎo Shì”in Lu Xun’s collection“Call to Arms”as the object of study,taking hypotaxis and parataxis as the starting point,and compares the translation of Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang with the original version,studying the differences between the them in the process of C-E translation.It is hoped that some flexible conversion strategies in English-Chinese translation can be learned from the translation research.
文摘Objective To provide reference for the news media to give play to the role of public opinion supervision in time based on the background of drug safety and social co-governance.Methods The method of case analysis was used to make a retrospective study on the Changsheng vaccine incident in 2018.Then the role of mainstream media,pharmaceutical media,and self-media in the supervision of public opinion was investigated.Results and Conclusion Both mainstream and pharmaceutical media played an excellent role in supervising the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident.However,the content published by some pharmaceutical media was hard to understand by ordinary people.Besides,the role of self-media in public opinion supervision was polarized.Some self-media closely kept pace with mainstream media in public opinion supervision.Other self-media unilaterally pursued the click rate,publishing false information to guide wrong public opinion.The news media should optimize the supervision efficiency of drug safety.On the one hand,pharmaceutical media should pay attention to the fact that readers may not understand the difficult terms because they are not professional.On the other hand,self-media practitioners should improve their professional quality so that they will not publish some fake news to mislead public opinion.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA112304)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXZZ13-0119)
文摘In order to avoid the noise and over fitting and further improve the limited classification performance of the real decision tree, a traffic incident detection method based on the random forest algorithm is presented. From the perspective of classification strength and correlation, three experiments are performed to investigate the potential application of random forest to traffic incident detection： comparison with a different number of decision trees; comparison with different decision trees; comparison with the neural network. The real traffic data of the 1-880 database is used in the experiments. The detection performance is evaluated by the common criteria including the detection rate, the false alarm rate, the mean time to detection, the classification rate and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic （ROC）. The experimental results indicate that the model based on random forest can improve the decision rate, reduce the testing time, and obtain a higher classification rate. Meanwhile, it is competitive compared with multi-layer feed forward neural networks （MLF）.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71101025)the Science and Technology Key Plan Project of Changzhou(No.CE20125001)
文摘An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of route distance as the weight to reflect the impact of traffic conditions on the decisions of rescue resources.According to the characteristics of different types of rescue vehicles the dispatching decision-making time is revised to show the heterogeneity among different rescue vehicle dispatching modes. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the solutions to the rescue resources dispatching model. A case study shows that the proposed method can accurately reveal the impact of potential incidents on the costs of rescues according to the variations in the types and quantities of rescue resources and the optimal dispatching plan with respect to potential incidents can be obtained.The proposed method is applicable in real world scenarios.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(NoBK2008308)
文摘The artificial intelligence technique is used to generate a freeway incident response plan. The incident response framework based on rule-based reasoning, case-based reasoning and Bayesian networks reasoning is presented. First, a freeway incident management system （RK-IMS） based on rule-based reasoning is developed and applied for incident management in the northern section of the Nanjing-Lianyunguang Freeway. Then, field data from the two-year long operations of the RK-IMS are analyzed. Representations of incident case structures and Bayesian networks（BNs） structures related to incident responses are deduced. Finally, the k-nearest neighbor （k-NN） algorithm is applied to calculate the similarities of the cases. The preplan generation and the control strategy by integrating the k-NN algorithm are also developed. The model is validated by using incident data of the year 2006 from the RK-IMS. The comparison results indicate that the proposed algorithm is accurate and reliable.
文摘Congestion on the freeway is more frequent due to several traffic incidents, namely traffic accidents, debris on the road, vehicle breakdown, and collision with guardrails than any other incidents. These, in turn, affect the operational performance of the freeway by increasing queue length, volume, and density. Consequently, effective freeway management strategies can help to minimize these impacts. The study investigates and summarizes existing studies to identify the reasons for and effects of the traffic incidents. Attention is given to the available solutions of the freeway traffic incidents management. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify the gaps which are not yet addressed to improve the operational effectiveness of the freeway. This study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review of existing refereed publications, established standards, and formal guidelines. Literature was sought through the Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) database, IEEE Transactions database, and google scholar search engine. Research focusing on freeway traffic incidents is a growing concern in transportation operations, as transportation network performance depends on it. Due to the advancement of technology, emerging vehicle technologies like connected vehicles have the potential to address these problems affecting the US transportation system and revolutionize mobility in the future. The study can serve as a reference for the researchers that are involved in freeway traffic operations.
文摘The stress intensity factors and stress conditions of machining cracks are analyzed by fracture mechanics on the basis of honing characteristics and of brittle ceramic mechanical behavior.Because the honing incidental tensile stresses effectively decrease the critical grinding stresses and increase the stress intensity factors of machining cracks,the honing process can be carried out easily.The results show that honing can be an efficient machining method for brittle materials.
文摘BACKGROUND Incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC)represents 50%-60%of gallbladder cancer cases.Data are conflicting on the role of IGBC diagnosis in oncological outcomes.Some studies suggest that IGBC diagnosis does not affect outcomes,while others that overall survival(OS)is longer in these cases compared to non-incidental diagnosis(NIGBC).Furthermore,some studies reported early tumour stages and histopathologic characteristics as possible confounders,while others not.AIM To investigate the role of IGBC diagnosis on patients’overall survival,especially after surgical treatment with curative intent.METHODS Retrospective analysis of all patient referrals with gallbladder cancer between 2008 and 2020 in a tertiary hepatobiliary centre.Statistical comparison of patient and tumour characteristics between IGBC and NIGBC subgroups was performed.Survival analysis for the whole cohort,surgical and non-surgical subgroups was done with the Kaplan-Meier method and the use of log rank test.Risk analysis was performed with univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.RESULTS The cohort included 261 patients with gallbladder cancer.65%of cases had NIGBC and 35%had IGBC.A total of 90 patients received surgical treatment(66%of IGBC cases and 19%of NIGBC cases).NIGBC patients had more advanced T stage and required more extensive resections than IGBC ones.OS was longer in patients with IGBC in the whole cohort(29 vs 4 mo,P<0.001),as well as in the non-surgical(14 vs 2 mo,P<0.001)and surgical subgroups(29 vs 16.5 mo,P=0.001).Disease free survival(DFS)after surgery was longer in patients with IGBC(21.5 mo vs 8.5 mo,P=0.007).N stage and resection margin status were identified as independent predictors of OS and DFS.NIGBC diagnosis was identified as an independent predictor of OS.CONCLUSION IGBC diagnosis may confer a survival advantage independently of the pathological stage and tumour characteristics.Prospective studies are required to further investigate this,including detailed pathological analysis and molecular gene expression.
文摘In real-life freeway transportation system, a few number of incident observation （very rare event） is available while there are large numbers of normal condition dataset. Most of researches on freeway incident detection have considered the incident detection problem as classification one. However, because of insufficiency of incident events, most of previous researches have utilized simulated incident events to develop freeway incident detection models. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a wavelet-based Hotelling 7a control chart for freeway incident detection, which integrates a wavelet transform into an abnormal detection method. Firstly, wavelet transform extracts useful features from noisy original traffic observations, leading to reduce the dimensionality of input vectors. Then, a Hotelling T2 control chart describes a decision boundary with only normal traffic observations with the selected features in the wavelet domain. Unlike the existing incident detection algorithms, which require lots of incident observations to construct incident detection models, the proposed approach can decide a decision boundary given only normal training observations. The proposed method is evaluated in comparison with California algorithm, Minnesota algorithm and conventional neural networks. The experimental results present that the proposed algorithm in this paper is a promising alternative for freeway automatic incident detections.
