Toni Morrison, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award winner, is a major voice in Black writing."Recitatif"is the only short story she has written, it has mainly been studied in terms of unreliable n...Toni Morrison, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award winner, is a major voice in Black writing."Recitatif"is the only short story she has written, it has mainly been studied in terms of unreliable narrator, racial relations, and narratology, and related perspectives. In her short story"Recitatif", Toni Morrison reveals the dilemma and struggle of the black people as she always did in her fictions, because her works, to a large extent, are accounts of official history, hidden from which she gives voice to voiceless people. In this short story, she never points out which character is black, which is white, between who there are some rather poignant conflicts, creating many indeterminate and absent elements, as well as individual anxieties, altogether compose a big myth of the short story for the readers, which is one of Morrison's central themes in her works. Myth, together with blackness, compose"Recitatif". This short story is entitled"Recitatif", or recitative(also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery(much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. In this sense,"Recitatif"aims to tell something to the readers in a narrative way. Through analyzing indeterminacy, anxiety and absence in"Recitatif", this essay argues that Morrison shows her concerns about the condition of black people, especially black women who are under double pressures, and advocates equal treatment and respect for them.展开更多
The past few decades has seen various efforts devoted to the discussion of Quine's famous argument of indeterminacy of trans-lation,which seems to suggest the improbability of an exclusively correct translation.Th...The past few decades has seen various efforts devoted to the discussion of Quine's famous argument of indeterminacy of trans-lation,which seems to suggest the improbability of an exclusively correct translation.This paper begins with a literature review of his fa-mous theory of translational indeterminacy,and then attempts to explore the different effects of the theory on actual translation,in thecourse of which we correct some common misunderstandings concerning the theory.We come to the conclusion that 1) Quine's insight-ful claim proves the variability of translation standard from an epistemological view,2) his claim underlies the controversial translatabili-ty between languages,and 3) his claim may counterbalance the struggle between literal translation and free translation.展开更多
The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH)is the focusing topic in the past 50 years of financial market researches.Many empirical studies are then provided that want to test EMH but have no consensus.The perception of EMH...The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH)is the focusing topic in the past 50 years of financial market researches.Many empirical studies are then provided that want to test EMH but have no consensus.The perception of EMH determines the attitude and strategy of participants and regulators in financial market.One perception of EMH argues that investors’behavior of seeking abnormal profits and arbitrage drives prices to their“correct”value.Investigating the“correct”value derives the concept of“market indeterminacy”.It means the inability to determine whether stock prices are efficient or inefficient.Market indeterminacy pervades stock markets because“correct”prices are unknown because of imperfect information and model sensitivity.Market indeterminacy makes arbitrage risky and makes event studies unreliable in some policy and litigation applications.The concept of market efficiency is needed to be re-recognized considering the mechanism of price formation.In order to further research and practice in law and financial market,there needs a view from the“jumping together”of disparate disciplines.Adaptive Markets Hypothesis(AMH)that using the evolutionary principles in financial market is a new viewpoint on cognitive decision and deserves to be paid more attention to.展开更多
Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is ground...Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is grounded on a prepredicative,i. e. pre-linguistic and pre-communicative,level. I will endorse a Husserlian viewpoint on the issue,and I will try to develop some aspects of the Husserlian account of three-dimensional thing-perception by means of which I will showhowprepredicative experience can actually offer us a fundamental element of our common understanding of objectivity. In doing this,it will be necessary to acknowledge thing-perception as being primarily intertwined with indeterminacy. I will claim that only on the basis of such an intuitive and prepredicative access to the things as partially indeterminate,first,and as determinable,second,is it possible to have an understanding of the world as something (at least partially) independent from the intuition (s) all subjects can have of it. By means of the addition of a consciousness of the thing as accessible to other subjects,one achieves a vision of the thing as fully determinate in itself. This"vision",however,takes one to be aware of the determination of the thing as lying beyond any intuitive grasp of it. The result will,thus,be that the prepredicative constitution of our basic sense of objectivity leads us to intend the world as something which should be accounted for (also) by means of sources different from intuition.展开更多
This paper begins with an overview of quantum mechanics, and then recounts a relatively recent algebraic extension of the Boolean algebra of probabilistic events to “conditional events” (order pairs of events). The ...This paper begins with an overview of quantum mechanics, and then recounts a relatively recent algebraic extension of the Boolean algebra of probabilistic events to “conditional events” (order pairs of events). The main point is to show that a so-called “superposition” of two (or more) quantum events (usually with mutually inconsistent initial conditions) can be represented in this algebra of conditional events and assigned a consistent conditional probability. There is no need to imagine that a quantum particle can simultaneously straddle two inconsistent possibilities.展开更多
"Fidelity"has been a central principle of film adaptation, however, the concept itself is equivocal. Especially in the context of post-modernism, meaning and"core"of literature and artworks are no ..."Fidelity"has been a central principle of film adaptation, however, the concept itself is equivocal. Especially in the context of post-modernism, meaning and"core"of literature and artworks are no longer held as an indisputable notion. Filmmakers are finding new ways of fulfilling"fidelity"principles. Andrea Arnold's adaptation of Wuthering Heights in 2011 broaches a radical approach by exploring the mystery through Heathcliff's perspective and in doing so she goes directly to the essence of story.Her method is to strip this tragedy down to its unmediated essential state and unveil the enigmatic relationship between the selfdestructive couple. In trying to complete a missing link in the original text, Arnold performs a revolutionary way of adhering"fidelity"principle.展开更多
Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending i...Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending in Animal Farm,analyzes the horizons of expectation,indeterminacy and the“blank”in the work,and explores the interaction between readers and the work.展开更多
文摘Toni Morrison, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award winner, is a major voice in Black writing."Recitatif"is the only short story she has written, it has mainly been studied in terms of unreliable narrator, racial relations, and narratology, and related perspectives. In her short story"Recitatif", Toni Morrison reveals the dilemma and struggle of the black people as she always did in her fictions, because her works, to a large extent, are accounts of official history, hidden from which she gives voice to voiceless people. In this short story, she never points out which character is black, which is white, between who there are some rather poignant conflicts, creating many indeterminate and absent elements, as well as individual anxieties, altogether compose a big myth of the short story for the readers, which is one of Morrison's central themes in her works. Myth, together with blackness, compose"Recitatif". This short story is entitled"Recitatif", or recitative(also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery(much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. In this sense,"Recitatif"aims to tell something to the readers in a narrative way. Through analyzing indeterminacy, anxiety and absence in"Recitatif", this essay argues that Morrison shows her concerns about the condition of black people, especially black women who are under double pressures, and advocates equal treatment and respect for them.
文摘The past few decades has seen various efforts devoted to the discussion of Quine's famous argument of indeterminacy of trans-lation,which seems to suggest the improbability of an exclusively correct translation.This paper begins with a literature review of his fa-mous theory of translational indeterminacy,and then attempts to explore the different effects of the theory on actual translation,in thecourse of which we correct some common misunderstandings concerning the theory.We come to the conclusion that 1) Quine's insight-ful claim proves the variability of translation standard from an epistemological view,2) his claim underlies the controversial translatabili-ty between languages,and 3) his claim may counterbalance the struggle between literal translation and free translation.
文摘The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH)is the focusing topic in the past 50 years of financial market researches.Many empirical studies are then provided that want to test EMH but have no consensus.The perception of EMH determines the attitude and strategy of participants and regulators in financial market.One perception of EMH argues that investors’behavior of seeking abnormal profits and arbitrage drives prices to their“correct”value.Investigating the“correct”value derives the concept of“market indeterminacy”.It means the inability to determine whether stock prices are efficient or inefficient.Market indeterminacy pervades stock markets because“correct”prices are unknown because of imperfect information and model sensitivity.Market indeterminacy makes arbitrage risky and makes event studies unreliable in some policy and litigation applications.The concept of market efficiency is needed to be re-recognized considering the mechanism of price formation.In order to further research and practice in law and financial market,there needs a view from the“jumping together”of disparate disciplines.Adaptive Markets Hypothesis(AMH)that using the evolutionary principles in financial market is a new viewpoint on cognitive decision and deserves to be paid more attention to.
文摘Although objectivity is mainly accounted for in terms of linguistic thought and communication,in this article I will aim to showthat at least one condition of possibility for our understanding of objectivity is grounded on a prepredicative,i. e. pre-linguistic and pre-communicative,level. I will endorse a Husserlian viewpoint on the issue,and I will try to develop some aspects of the Husserlian account of three-dimensional thing-perception by means of which I will showhowprepredicative experience can actually offer us a fundamental element of our common understanding of objectivity. In doing this,it will be necessary to acknowledge thing-perception as being primarily intertwined with indeterminacy. I will claim that only on the basis of such an intuitive and prepredicative access to the things as partially indeterminate,first,and as determinable,second,is it possible to have an understanding of the world as something (at least partially) independent from the intuition (s) all subjects can have of it. By means of the addition of a consciousness of the thing as accessible to other subjects,one achieves a vision of the thing as fully determinate in itself. This"vision",however,takes one to be aware of the determination of the thing as lying beyond any intuitive grasp of it. The result will,thus,be that the prepredicative constitution of our basic sense of objectivity leads us to intend the world as something which should be accounted for (also) by means of sources different from intuition.
文摘This paper begins with an overview of quantum mechanics, and then recounts a relatively recent algebraic extension of the Boolean algebra of probabilistic events to “conditional events” (order pairs of events). The main point is to show that a so-called “superposition” of two (or more) quantum events (usually with mutually inconsistent initial conditions) can be represented in this algebra of conditional events and assigned a consistent conditional probability. There is no need to imagine that a quantum particle can simultaneously straddle two inconsistent possibilities.
文摘"Fidelity"has been a central principle of film adaptation, however, the concept itself is equivocal. Especially in the context of post-modernism, meaning and"core"of literature and artworks are no longer held as an indisputable notion. Filmmakers are finding new ways of fulfilling"fidelity"principles. Andrea Arnold's adaptation of Wuthering Heights in 2011 broaches a radical approach by exploring the mystery through Heathcliff's perspective and in doing so she goes directly to the essence of story.Her method is to strip this tragedy down to its unmediated essential state and unveil the enigmatic relationship between the selfdestructive couple. In trying to complete a missing link in the original text, Arnold performs a revolutionary way of adhering"fidelity"principle.
文摘Reader-Response Criticism emphasizes the leading role of readers in the reading process.This paper starting from the four aspects of background,the protagonist’s name,characters’experience and the design of ending in Animal Farm,analyzes the horizons of expectation,indeterminacy and the“blank”in the work,and explores the interaction between readers and the work.
