With the deepening of the western development,supports of the country for the western region of China continued to increase.It also includes the support for enterprise innovation activities,by reducing the tax,exempti...With the deepening of the western development,supports of the country for the western region of China continued to increase.It also includes the support for enterprise innovation activities,by reducing the tax,exemption,subsidies and other means.Due to the effect of government subsidies on enterprise innovation activities is different in different regions,industries and so on,there is a big controversy.Therefore,we use the panel data of listed companies in manufacturing industry of western region as samples for empirical research,to research the effect of government subsidies on enterprise innovation activities in the western of China,the study found that overall,the current government subsidies has a positive effect on Enterprise R&D investment,whereas the last year's government subsidy has a negative effect on R&D investment,but it's incentive effect is greater than the crowding out effect.The study also found there are different effects between the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises,the crowding out effect of private enterprises is very small and not significant.展开更多
Given the ample evidences from present studies on national-level innovation policies evolution and mechanisms,this paper contributes to a city-level understanding towards innovation-related state restructuring,the con...Given the ample evidences from present studies on national-level innovation policies evolution and mechanisms,this paper contributes to a city-level understanding towards innovation-related state restructuring,the consequent innovation policy change and its relational performance with urban development in post-reform Shanghai,China from an input-output perspective.It unfolds that state restructuring relinquishing state power to the market has revived non-government innovation activities and a synchronous,though a bit backward,firms-oriented transition towards innovation development in Shanghai throughout 1990s has been observed.Though scholars are reluctant to label the party-state in post-reform China as a developmental state due to dysfunctionality of state intervention in corporate sectors,in the field of technological upgrading,such top-down,elite driven and state-sponsored mode giving priority to innovation competitiveness well captures the developmental state model at local level,thus exhibits elements of local developmental state.Impacts of this restructuring and policy change are substantial,which can be observed in the soaring increase of science and technology expenditures and patents applications in Shanghai.Additional analysis further unveils that in most circumstances,innovation growth kept paces with urban development,yet its synergy with economic development and permanent residents is more significant than with other aspects.展开更多
This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and th...This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and the provincial index of digital financial inclusion.Through the empirical test of the Probit model and mediation effect model,we found that:firstly,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor,with the level of digitalization having the most significant impact;secondly,by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurial activity,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor;thirdly,the driving effect of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor is more pronounced among the unmarried,eastern region,and male labor.Therefore,we should improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure and accelerate the development of inclusive rural finance to promote more diversified non-farm employment options for“disadvantaged groups”;encourage and support innovation at the government level,and create a favorable atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.Simultaneously,farmers’digital literacy and financial knowledge should be improved so that more can adopt and take advantage of digital financial inclusion.展开更多
Outsourcing is a change from horizontal cooperation （coopetition） to a vertical one. That is, the company, which up to now could be considered as a competitor, changes into a supplier. It is worth remembering that t...Outsourcing is a change from horizontal cooperation （coopetition） to a vertical one. That is, the company, which up to now could be considered as a competitor, changes into a supplier. It is worth remembering that the company that is to become a supplier can either create a new one or be an already existing one. This article is based on empirical data coming from the companies from the Visegrad Group that is Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. The results presented here imply that outsourcing has a stimulating effect on innovative activity of a company both in terms of investment and implementation aspects. Also, innovative activity, in its investment and implementation aspects, positively influences the occurrence of outsourcing. This confirms the existence of feedback among these variables. It is worth noting however, that the probability of innovative activity among the companies using outsourcing is higher than the probability of outsourcing among the companies that are irmovatively active. It seems that the influence of outsourcing on innovative activity is stronger than the influence o f innovative activity on outsourcing.展开更多
The accumulation and reorganization of“article similar blocks”constitute people’s writing intelligence,which directly determines the writing ability of the article.The teaching of writing should focus on the core o...The accumulation and reorganization of“article similar blocks”constitute people’s writing intelligence,which directly determines the writing ability of the article.The teaching of writing should focus on the core of students’writing intelligence,the construction of“article similarity block”,and the teaching should be organized and implemented according to the law of human brain thinking.The necessary screening and integration of similar blocks is the primary premise for the construction of“similar blocks”of the writing subject.It is undoubtedly an important task for writing teaching to construct these“similar blocks”in the cognitive structure of the subject.Article similarity block is always in a static state in the human brain.Only similarity activation can awaken and activate the sleeping“similarity block”,promote coupling resonance,and move towards similarity innovation.展开更多
文摘With the deepening of the western development,supports of the country for the western region of China continued to increase.It also includes the support for enterprise innovation activities,by reducing the tax,exemption,subsidies and other means.Due to the effect of government subsidies on enterprise innovation activities is different in different regions,industries and so on,there is a big controversy.Therefore,we use the panel data of listed companies in manufacturing industry of western region as samples for empirical research,to research the effect of government subsidies on enterprise innovation activities in the western of China,the study found that overall,the current government subsidies has a positive effect on Enterprise R&D investment,whereas the last year's government subsidy has a negative effect on R&D investment,but it's incentive effect is greater than the crowding out effect.The study also found there are different effects between the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises,the crowding out effect of private enterprises is very small and not significant.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.51808391].
文摘Given the ample evidences from present studies on national-level innovation policies evolution and mechanisms,this paper contributes to a city-level understanding towards innovation-related state restructuring,the consequent innovation policy change and its relational performance with urban development in post-reform Shanghai,China from an input-output perspective.It unfolds that state restructuring relinquishing state power to the market has revived non-government innovation activities and a synchronous,though a bit backward,firms-oriented transition towards innovation development in Shanghai throughout 1990s has been observed.Though scholars are reluctant to label the party-state in post-reform China as a developmental state due to dysfunctionality of state intervention in corporate sectors,in the field of technological upgrading,such top-down,elite driven and state-sponsored mode giving priority to innovation competitiveness well captures the developmental state model at local level,thus exhibits elements of local developmental state.Impacts of this restructuring and policy change are substantial,which can be observed in the soaring increase of science and technology expenditures and patents applications in Shanghai.Additional analysis further unveils that in most circumstances,innovation growth kept paces with urban development,yet its synergy with economic development and permanent residents is more significant than with other aspects.
基金Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Foundation Youth Project“Micro-Quantification,Action Mechanism and Impact Research on Financialization of Entity Enterprises”[Grant number.19YJC790106]National Social Science Fund“Mechanism Analysis and Optimization Path Research of Digital Finance Supporting the Improvement of development efficiency of SMEs”[Grant number.21BJY047]+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China:“Research on the Mechanism and Path of Green Finance to Promote Poverty Alleviation in Poor areas in Western China”[Grant number.KJQN201900550]Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China:“Research on Financial Efficiency and High-quality Innovation Development from the Perspective of the Innovation Value Chain”[Grant number.KJQN202000540].
文摘This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and the provincial index of digital financial inclusion.Through the empirical test of the Probit model and mediation effect model,we found that:firstly,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor,with the level of digitalization having the most significant impact;secondly,by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurial activity,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor;thirdly,the driving effect of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor is more pronounced among the unmarried,eastern region,and male labor.Therefore,we should improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure and accelerate the development of inclusive rural finance to promote more diversified non-farm employment options for“disadvantaged groups”;encourage and support innovation at the government level,and create a favorable atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.Simultaneously,farmers’digital literacy and financial knowledge should be improved so that more can adopt and take advantage of digital financial inclusion.
文摘Outsourcing is a change from horizontal cooperation （coopetition） to a vertical one. That is, the company, which up to now could be considered as a competitor, changes into a supplier. It is worth remembering that the company that is to become a supplier can either create a new one or be an already existing one. This article is based on empirical data coming from the companies from the Visegrad Group that is Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. The results presented here imply that outsourcing has a stimulating effect on innovative activity of a company both in terms of investment and implementation aspects. Also, innovative activity, in its investment and implementation aspects, positively influences the occurrence of outsourcing. This confirms the existence of feedback among these variables. It is worth noting however, that the probability of innovative activity among the companies using outsourcing is higher than the probability of outsourcing among the companies that are irmovatively active. It seems that the influence of outsourcing on innovative activity is stronger than the influence o f innovative activity on outsourcing.
文摘The accumulation and reorganization of“article similar blocks”constitute people’s writing intelligence,which directly determines the writing ability of the article.The teaching of writing should focus on the core of students’writing intelligence,the construction of“article similarity block”,and the teaching should be organized and implemented according to the law of human brain thinking.The necessary screening and integration of similar blocks is the primary premise for the construction of“similar blocks”of the writing subject.It is undoubtedly an important task for writing teaching to construct these“similar blocks”in the cognitive structure of the subject.Article similarity block is always in a static state in the human brain.Only similarity activation can awaken and activate the sleeping“similarity block”,promote coupling resonance,and move towards similarity innovation.
