Since the 1990s,China has made great progress in developing its social security system,achieving the goal of universal coverage for various segments of the population.Nevertheless,it is urgent to improve the quality o...Since the 1990s,China has made great progress in developing its social security system,achieving the goal of universal coverage for various segments of the population.Nevertheless,it is urgent to improve the quality of coverage,specifically in tackling the problems of inadequate participation and reduced contribution levels in the private sector.This paper examines the changes in social security coverage over the past three decades,focusing on the basic pension insurance for employees of urban enterprises and analyzing it in terms of employment structure.A regression analysis of provincial panel data from 2001 to 2019 indicates a negative correlation between the adequacy rate of social security contributions and the number of employees in private entities and self-employed individuals.Additionally,an empirical analysis using micro-level data from enterprises further confirms lower contribution levels in private enterprises.In light of the present circumstances,it is important to focus on private enterprises,flexible workers,and self-employed individuals as key target groups for expanding social security coverage.Consequently,reforming the social security system should proactively adapt to the requirements of emerging employment formats,striving to achieve comprehensive coverage and enhance the quality of participation across various groups of people.展开更多
＂Obamacare＂ is the informal and most-used term for The Patient Protection known as the Affordable and Affordable Care Act, also Care Act （ACA）, and is a United States federal statute signed into law by President B...＂Obamacare＂ is the informal and most-used term for The Patient Protection known as the Affordable and Affordable Care Act, also Care Act （ACA）, and is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, the ACA represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the United States healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965Cq. This healthcare reform has already begun, with the open enrollment for the first year of the ACA＇s healthcare exchange marketplace ending on March 31, 2014.展开更多
基金supported by the key project of the National Social Science Fund of China titled"Research on the Reform Path of Accelerating the Establishment of the National Pooling System of Basic Pension Insurance" (No.20AGL027).
文摘Since the 1990s,China has made great progress in developing its social security system,achieving the goal of universal coverage for various segments of the population.Nevertheless,it is urgent to improve the quality of coverage,specifically in tackling the problems of inadequate participation and reduced contribution levels in the private sector.This paper examines the changes in social security coverage over the past three decades,focusing on the basic pension insurance for employees of urban enterprises and analyzing it in terms of employment structure.A regression analysis of provincial panel data from 2001 to 2019 indicates a negative correlation between the adequacy rate of social security contributions and the number of employees in private entities and self-employed individuals.Additionally,an empirical analysis using micro-level data from enterprises further confirms lower contribution levels in private enterprises.In light of the present circumstances,it is important to focus on private enterprises,flexible workers,and self-employed individuals as key target groups for expanding social security coverage.Consequently,reforming the social security system should proactively adapt to the requirements of emerging employment formats,striving to achieve comprehensive coverage and enhance the quality of participation across various groups of people.
文摘＂Obamacare＂ is the informal and most-used term for The Patient Protection known as the Affordable and Affordable Care Act, also Care Act （ACA）, and is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, the ACA represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the United States healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965Cq. This healthcare reform has already begun, with the open enrollment for the first year of the ACA＇s healthcare exchange marketplace ending on March 31, 2014.
