The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and i...The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.展开更多
The modern history of management systems is almost the same as the history of modern management science. Implicit management systems have been in existence for many 100s of years. ISO has paid attention to the issue o...The modern history of management systems is almost the same as the history of modern management science. Implicit management systems have been in existence for many 100s of years. ISO has paid attention to the issue of the integrated management systems since the ISO 9000 family standards for quality management systems (QMS) and ISO 14000 series standards for environment management syste(EMS) were published. ISO/TAG(Technical Advisory Group)12 was formed by the ISO/TM(Technical Management Board) in early 1997 with the mandate to achieve greater compatibility between the relevant ISO/TC 176 and ISO/TC 207 standards in the field of management systems, auditing, terms and definitions. The report was submitted to TMB by TAG 12 in 1999.展开更多
Over 170 years after the infamous Irish Potato Famine,potato late blight(PLB)caused by Phytophthora infestans remains the single most devastating disease of global potato production,causing up to 10 billion USD in yie...Over 170 years after the infamous Irish Potato Famine,potato late blight(PLB)caused by Phytophthora infestans remains the single most devastating disease of global potato production,causing up to 10 billion USD in yield loss and management costs.Through decades of research,growers and agronomists in the field as well as laboratory scientists have made significant progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis process of this critical pathosystem and effective management strategies to control PLB.Yet,the need to feed an ever-increasing global population under changing climate demands continued improvement in efficient and sustainable PLB management schemes that can be implemented across a broad economic spectrum.In this review,we briefly summarize the current understanding of the molecular interaction between P.infestans and its host plants,highlight the current integrated pest management strategy to control PLB on local and continental scales,and discuss the potential of further improvement of sustainable PLB control through genetic enhancement of crop resistance and emerging crop protection technologies.展开更多
In order to meet the diverse and multilevel health service needs of the people,following the implementation of the“multi-point practice”of registered physicians by the government in 2009,many pilot projects on the l...In order to meet the diverse and multilevel health service needs of the people,following the implementation of the“multi-point practice”of registered physicians by the government in 2009,many pilot projects on the legality of“shared nurses”have been carried out,but there are many difficulties in the process.Through reviewing and researching the relevant literature inland and abroad,this study explores the application of family-community-hospital integrated medical and nursing management model in order to provide a reference for the development and management of“shared nurses”in China.展开更多
The Andean region of Ecuador is characterized by extreme poverty caused by low agricultural productivity, limited off-farm opportunities, and lack of access to markets. Poverty is related to degradation of natural res...The Andean region of Ecuador is characterized by extreme poverty caused by low agricultural productivity, limited off-farm opportunities, and lack of access to markets. Poverty is related to degradation of natural resources as lagging agricultural productivity leads to incursions into fragile areas and use of erosive farming techniques on steeply sloped hillsides. Food production in fragile areas degrades soil and water resources, contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and reduces productive potential over time. This article discusses an agricultural development project designed to reduce the long-term downward development spiral in a watershed in Bolivar, Ecuador. The applied research program began with analysis of the state of soil resources, water, and biodiversity in the Chimbo sub-watershed. This information was used to design a plan with the input of local stakeholders to introduce environmentally friendly farming practices, soil and water conservation techniques, and various institutional innovations to promote resource conservation. This adaptive management program has been a solid success. This article describes the project, the challenges it faced, and how the process of adaptive management led to consensus among stakeholders about the appropriateness of sustainable management practices. We show how implementation of enhanced management practices contribute to reduced environmental vulnerability and improved welfare.展开更多
Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management s...Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m^(–2) with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m^(–2)) to T4(450 seeds m^(–2)). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha^(–1), 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P_2O_5 ha^(–1), 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K_2O ha^(–1), respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha^(–1). Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha^(–1)) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha^(–1)) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha^(–1)), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.展开更多
Building process innovation highlights building systems and products that denounce both an incremental and radical development,indicating the technological sector as the driver for energy efficiency.The prototypes of ...Building process innovation highlights building systems and products that denounce both an incremental and radical development,indicating the technological sector as the driver for energy efficiency.The prototypes of this innovation stand out both in the tertiary and residential sector and are aimed at sustainable development with the use of renewable resources,intelligent technologies,with a view to contextualizing and environmental energy requalification.The objectives are those of a new integrated building management,intended as an increase in energy efficiency and an efficient digitalized connection with users and smart grids,through control platforms,IoT(internet of things),security throughout the building’s life cycle and use of AI(artificial intelligence)devices and materials.The approach is a new methodology,with the application of BMS(building management system)and BEMS(building energy management system)systems integrated with other systems,with an interface of protocols open to different manufacturers and multiple functions that invest both the technological and environmental system of the building,with advantages in electrical energy management and thermoelectric like intelligent HVAC systems,with intelligent monitoring and user comfort.Both the new Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning platforms contribute to a predictive use of energy efficiency with plant optimization.Therefore efficiency and energy saving strategies with intelligent integrated management and medium-long term maintenance programs.The challenge is a new intelligent method approach with the use of artificial intelligence and the development of new technologies in sustainable buildings.展开更多
The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, generation and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building wa...The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, generation and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building waste management, including control of the sources, reduction of the integrated process and final disposal, are proposed in view of the problems existing in recovery of the building wastes and the experiences from the developed countries.展开更多
As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine...As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine resources development,this paper uses the method of literature review to put forward suggestions on marine resources development and implementation measures of management path,so as to escort the development of marine resources in the new era.展开更多
Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper ...Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper introduces a set of indicators for assessing HCWM systems in hospitals. These indicators are: HCWM policies and standard operating procedures, management and oversight, logistics and budget support, training and occupational health and safety, and treatment, disposal and waste treatment equipment housing. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is defined as good and poor on the extremes and is connected with all other marks in a spoke arrangement, it’s possible to describe a baseline for HCWM in any specific hospital. This baseline can be used to improve awareness of the actors and policy-makers, compare the same hospital at a different point in time, to compare observations by different evaluators and to track improvements. Results suggest that in Kenya, the application of such indicators is useful for evaluating which priorities should be addressed to improve outcomes in HCWM systems. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify and collect data by use of observational checklist, interviews, visual verification and review of documents and a HCWM assessment tool. The objective is to suggest an integrated management tool as a method to identify prevailing problems with a HCWM system. The method can be replicated in other contexts worldwide, with a focus on the developing world. The integrated indicators focus on management of HCW and not its potential impact on human health and environment, an area recognized to be critical for future research.展开更多
Introduction: the problem of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and its consequences concern and challenge all social actors worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the real obstacles that actors face in th...Introduction: the problem of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and its consequences concern and challenge all social actors worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the real obstacles that actors face in the integrated management of children aged 6 - 59 months suffering from SAM at the University Hospital of Mother and Child (CHUME) and the Chad-China Friendship Hospital (HATC) of N’Djamena. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional descriptive and interpretative study conducted from January to October 2023 at the CHUME and HATC of N’Djamena. It is based on questionnaires and direct observation of two hundred and thirty-six (236) parents or guardians of malnourished children admitted to these health facilities. All 236 agreed to participate freely in this study. Results: it appears from this study that the obstacles to the integrated management of malnourished children were: poor care-care relationship (26.7%) permanent product breaks (22.9%), the direct costs of services ranged from 30,000 to 60,000 FCFA (41.53%), drugs used for the treatment of patients came from the street (66.10%), malaria and anemia occupy an important place (27.5%), 57.2% respondents had monthly income below 60,000 CFAF. Conclusion: the present study carried out has identified the real bottlenecks to the integrated management of children suffering from SAM in the therapeutic nutritional units of the city of N’Djamena. .展开更多
In a world where there is constant data generation and processing, the need for an integrated system cannot be overemphasized. The systems that enable storage of large amounts of spatial data and must be made availabl...In a world where there is constant data generation and processing, the need for an integrated system cannot be overemphasized. The systems that enable storage of large amounts of spatial data and must be made available to multiple users in real time. Studies have shown that standalone desktop spatial systems are often rigid and inflexible to support multiple data processing or demands from multiple users. The integrated spatial management system was designed to address the above highlighted challenges by bringing enhanced possibilities of utilization of spatial data though improving accessibility, visualization, and processing spatial information. The present work employed a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative techniques to obtain the desired result. Qualitative data collection tools were used to collect field data required to design the prototype. The research sought to establish whether the integrated systems are in use by the targeted institutions, the findings highlighted that 71.4% have no integrated spatial data systems while 28.6% have partial-integrated systems. An overview of the architecture of integrated spatial systems consists of a well distributed database linked to multiple tools and platforms to query both the spatial and non-spatial data. The WEB-GIS and Mobile GIS interfaces were developed to allow multiple users to access information through the web in real time and data collection, respectively.展开更多
In the context of both the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and microgrid(MG), the Energy Management System (EMS) is a key decision-maker forintegrating Distributed renewable Energy Resources (DERs) efficiently. TheEMS is re...In the context of both the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and microgrid(MG), the Energy Management System (EMS) is a key decision-maker forintegrating Distributed renewable Energy Resources (DERs) efficiently. TheEMS is regarded as a strong enabler of providing the optimized schedulingcontrol in operation and management of usage of disperse DERs and RenewableEnergy reSources (RES) such as a small-size wind-turbine (WT) andphotovoltaic (PV) energies. The main objective to be pursued by the EMSis the minimization of the overall operating cost of the MG integrated VPPnetwork. However, the minimization of the power peaks is a new objective andopen issue to a well-functional EMS, along with the maximization of profitin the energy market. Thus, both objectives have to be taken into accountat the same time. Thus, this paper proposes the EMS application incorporatingpower offering strategy applying a nature-inspired algorithm such asParticle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, in order to find the optimalsolution of the objective function in the context of the overall operating cost,the coordination of DERs, and the energy losses in a MG integrated VPPnetwork. For a fair DERs coordination with minimized power fluctuationsin the power flow, the power offering strategies with an active power controland re-distribution are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposedMG integrated VPP model with PSO-based EMS employing EgalitarianreDistribution (ED) power offering strategy is most feasible option for theoverall operating cost of VPP revenue. The total operating cost of the proposedEMS with ED strategy is 40.98$ compared to 432.8$ of MGs only withoutEMS. It is concluded that each MGs in the proposed VPP model intelligentlyparticipates in energy trading market compliant with the objective function,to minimize the overall cost and the power fluctuation.展开更多
The integration of digital twin(DT)and 6G edge intelligence provides accurate forecasting for distributed resources control in smart park.However,the adverse impact of model poisoning attacks on DT model training cann...The integration of digital twin(DT)and 6G edge intelligence provides accurate forecasting for distributed resources control in smart park.However,the adverse impact of model poisoning attacks on DT model training cannot be ignored.To address this issue,we firstly construct the models of DT model training and model poisoning attacks.An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the weighted sum of the DT loss function and DT model training delay.Then,the problem is transformed and solved by the proposed Multi-timescAle endogenouS securiTy-aware DQN-based rEsouRce management algorithm(MASTER)based on DT-assisted state information evaluation and attack detection.MASTER adopts multi-timescale deep Q-learning(DQN)networks to jointly schedule local training epochs and devices.It actively adjusts resource management strategies based on estimated attack probability to achieve endogenous security awareness.Simulation results demonstrate that MASTER has excellent performances in DT model training accuracy and delay.展开更多
This investigation is focused on conducting a thorough analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). MSWM encompasses a range of interdisciplinary measures that govern the various stages involved in managing un...This investigation is focused on conducting a thorough analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). MSWM encompasses a range of interdisciplinary measures that govern the various stages involved in managing unwanted or non-utilizable solid materials, commonly known as rubbish, trash, junk, refuse, and garbage. These stages include generation, storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling, disposal, and monitoring. The waste materials mentioned in this context exhibit a wide range of items, such as organic waste from food and vegetables, paper, plastic, polyethylene, iron, tin cans, deceased animals, byproducts from demolition activities, manure, and various other discarded materials. This study aims to provide insights into the possibilities of enhancing solid waste management in the Farmgate area of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC). To accomplish this objective, the research examines the conventional waste management methods employed in this area. It conducts extensive field surveys, collecting valuable data through interviews with local residents and key individuals involved in waste management, such as waste collectors, dealers, intermediate dealers, recyclers, and shopkeepers. The results indicate that significant amounts of distinct waste categories are produced daily. These include food and vegetable waste, which amount to 52.1 tons/day;polythene and plastic, which total 4.5 tons/day;metal and tin-can waste, which amounts to 1.4 tons/day;and paper waste, which totals 5.9 tons/day. This study highlights the significance of promoting environmental consciousness to effectively shape the attitudes of urban residents toward waste disposal and management. It emphasizes the need for collaboration between authorities and researchers to improve the current waste management system.展开更多
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health problem due to its increasing frequency, mortality and management cost. This cost may require major financial efforts from patients, especially in deve...Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health problem due to its increasing frequency, mortality and management cost. This cost may require major financial efforts from patients, especially in developing countries like ours where less than 7% of the population has health insurance. This study aimed to estimate the direct cost of managing VTE in three reference hospitals in Yaoundé. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study over a three-year period (from January 1st 2018 to December 31 2020) carried out in the Cardiology departments of the Central and General Hospitals, and the Emergency Centre of the city of Yaoundé. All patients managed during the study period for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism confirmed by venous ultrasound coupled with Doppler and computed tomography pulmonary angiography respectively were included. For each patient, we collected sociodemographic and clinical data as well as data on the cost of consultation, hospital stay, workups and medications. These data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 92 patient’s records were analysed. The median age was 60 years [48 - 68] with a sex ratio of 0.53. The median direct cost of management of venous thromboembolism was 766,375 CFAF [536,455 - 1,029,745] or $1415 USD. Management of pulmonary embolism associated with deep vein thrombosis was more costly than isolated pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Factors influencing the direct cost of management of venous thromboembolism were: hospital structure (p = 0.015), health insurance (p 0.001), type of pulmonary embolism (p = 0.021), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Management of VTE is a major financial burden for our patients and this burden is influenced by the hospital structure, health insurance, type of pulmonary embolism and length of hospital stay.展开更多
In permissioned blockchain networks,the Proof of Authority(PoA)consensus,which uses the election of authorized nodes to validate transactions and blocks,has beenwidely advocated thanks to its high transaction throughp...In permissioned blockchain networks,the Proof of Authority(PoA)consensus,which uses the election of authorized nodes to validate transactions and blocks,has beenwidely advocated thanks to its high transaction throughput and fault tolerance.However,PoA suffers from the drawback of centralization dominated by a limited number of authorized nodes and the lack of anonymity due to the round-robin block proposal mechanism.As a result,traditional PoA is vulnerable to a single point of failure that compromises the security of the blockchain network.To address these issues,we propose a novel decentralized reputation management mechanism for permissioned blockchain networks to enhance security,promote liveness,and mitigate centralization while retaining the same throughput as traditional PoA.This paper aims to design an off-chain reputation evaluation and an on-chain reputation-aided consensus.First,we evaluate the nodes’reputation in the context of the blockchain networks and make the reputation globally verifiable through smart contracts.Second,building upon traditional PoA,we propose a reputation-aided PoA(rPoA)consensus to enhance securitywithout sacrificing throughput.In particular,rPoA can incentivize nodes to autonomously form committees based on reputation authority,which prevents block generation from being tracked through the randomness of reputation variation.Moreover,we develop a reputation-aided fork-choice rule for rPoA to promote the network’s liveness.Finally,experimental results show that the proposed rPoA achieves higher security performance while retaining transaction throughput compared to traditional PoA.展开更多
文摘The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.
文摘The modern history of management systems is almost the same as the history of modern management science. Implicit management systems have been in existence for many 100s of years. ISO has paid attention to the issue of the integrated management systems since the ISO 9000 family standards for quality management systems (QMS) and ISO 14000 series standards for environment management syste(EMS) were published. ISO/TAG(Technical Advisory Group)12 was formed by the ISO/TM(Technical Management Board) in early 1997 with the mandate to achieve greater compatibility between the relevant ISO/TC 176 and ISO/TC 207 standards in the field of management systems, auditing, terms and definitions. The report was submitted to TMB by TAG 12 in 1999.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32130088)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research,China(2021B0301030004) to Dong Suomengthe Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP) to Zhou Shaoqun
文摘Over 170 years after the infamous Irish Potato Famine,potato late blight(PLB)caused by Phytophthora infestans remains the single most devastating disease of global potato production,causing up to 10 billion USD in yield loss and management costs.Through decades of research,growers and agronomists in the field as well as laboratory scientists have made significant progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis process of this critical pathosystem and effective management strategies to control PLB.Yet,the need to feed an ever-increasing global population under changing climate demands continued improvement in efficient and sustainable PLB management schemes that can be implemented across a broad economic spectrum.In this review,we briefly summarize the current understanding of the molecular interaction between P.infestans and its host plants,highlight the current integrated pest management strategy to control PLB on local and continental scales,and discuss the potential of further improvement of sustainable PLB control through genetic enhancement of crop resistance and emerging crop protection technologies.
文摘In order to meet the diverse and multilevel health service needs of the people,following the implementation of the“multi-point practice”of registered physicians by the government in 2009,many pilot projects on the legality of“shared nurses”have been carried out,but there are many difficulties in the process.Through reviewing and researching the relevant literature inland and abroad,this study explores the application of family-community-hospital integrated medical and nursing management model in order to provide a reference for the development and management of“shared nurses”in China.
文摘The Andean region of Ecuador is characterized by extreme poverty caused by low agricultural productivity, limited off-farm opportunities, and lack of access to markets. Poverty is related to degradation of natural resources as lagging agricultural productivity leads to incursions into fragile areas and use of erosive farming techniques on steeply sloped hillsides. Food production in fragile areas degrades soil and water resources, contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and reduces productive potential over time. This article discusses an agricultural development project designed to reduce the long-term downward development spiral in a watershed in Bolivar, Ecuador. The applied research program began with analysis of the state of soil resources, water, and biodiversity in the Chimbo sub-watershed. This information was used to design a plan with the input of local stakeholders to introduce environmentally friendly farming practices, soil and water conservation techniques, and various institutional innovations to promote resource conservation. This adaptive management program has been a solid success. This article describes the project, the challenges it faced, and how the process of adaptive management led to consensus among stakeholders about the appropriateness of sustainable management practices. We show how implementation of enhanced management practices contribute to reduced environmental vulnerability and improved welfare.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201203096)the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program, China (J15LF07)
文摘Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m^(–2) with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m^(–2)) to T4(450 seeds m^(–2)). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha^(–1), 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P_2O_5 ha^(–1), 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K_2O ha^(–1), respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha^(–1). Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha^(–1)) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha^(–1)) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha^(–1)), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.
文摘Building process innovation highlights building systems and products that denounce both an incremental and radical development,indicating the technological sector as the driver for energy efficiency.The prototypes of this innovation stand out both in the tertiary and residential sector and are aimed at sustainable development with the use of renewable resources,intelligent technologies,with a view to contextualizing and environmental energy requalification.The objectives are those of a new integrated building management,intended as an increase in energy efficiency and an efficient digitalized connection with users and smart grids,through control platforms,IoT(internet of things),security throughout the building’s life cycle and use of AI(artificial intelligence)devices and materials.The approach is a new methodology,with the application of BMS(building management system)and BEMS(building energy management system)systems integrated with other systems,with an interface of protocols open to different manufacturers and multiple functions that invest both the technological and environmental system of the building,with advantages in electrical energy management and thermoelectric like intelligent HVAC systems,with intelligent monitoring and user comfort.Both the new Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning platforms contribute to a predictive use of energy efficiency with plant optimization.Therefore efficiency and energy saving strategies with intelligent integrated management and medium-long term maintenance programs.The challenge is a new intelligent method approach with the use of artificial intelligence and the development of new technologies in sustainable buildings.
文摘The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, generation and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building waste management, including control of the sources, reduction of the integrated process and final disposal, are proposed in view of the problems existing in recovery of the building wastes and the experiences from the developed countries.
文摘As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine resources development,this paper uses the method of literature review to put forward suggestions on marine resources development and implementation measures of management path,so as to escort the development of marine resources in the new era.
文摘Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper introduces a set of indicators for assessing HCWM systems in hospitals. These indicators are: HCWM policies and standard operating procedures, management and oversight, logistics and budget support, training and occupational health and safety, and treatment, disposal and waste treatment equipment housing. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is defined as good and poor on the extremes and is connected with all other marks in a spoke arrangement, it’s possible to describe a baseline for HCWM in any specific hospital. This baseline can be used to improve awareness of the actors and policy-makers, compare the same hospital at a different point in time, to compare observations by different evaluators and to track improvements. Results suggest that in Kenya, the application of such indicators is useful for evaluating which priorities should be addressed to improve outcomes in HCWM systems. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify and collect data by use of observational checklist, interviews, visual verification and review of documents and a HCWM assessment tool. The objective is to suggest an integrated management tool as a method to identify prevailing problems with a HCWM system. The method can be replicated in other contexts worldwide, with a focus on the developing world. The integrated indicators focus on management of HCW and not its potential impact on human health and environment, an area recognized to be critical for future research.
文摘Introduction: the problem of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and its consequences concern and challenge all social actors worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the real obstacles that actors face in the integrated management of children aged 6 - 59 months suffering from SAM at the University Hospital of Mother and Child (CHUME) and the Chad-China Friendship Hospital (HATC) of N’Djamena. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional descriptive and interpretative study conducted from January to October 2023 at the CHUME and HATC of N’Djamena. It is based on questionnaires and direct observation of two hundred and thirty-six (236) parents or guardians of malnourished children admitted to these health facilities. All 236 agreed to participate freely in this study. Results: it appears from this study that the obstacles to the integrated management of malnourished children were: poor care-care relationship (26.7%) permanent product breaks (22.9%), the direct costs of services ranged from 30,000 to 60,000 FCFA (41.53%), drugs used for the treatment of patients came from the street (66.10%), malaria and anemia occupy an important place (27.5%), 57.2% respondents had monthly income below 60,000 CFAF. Conclusion: the present study carried out has identified the real bottlenecks to the integrated management of children suffering from SAM in the therapeutic nutritional units of the city of N’Djamena. .
文摘In a world where there is constant data generation and processing, the need for an integrated system cannot be overemphasized. The systems that enable storage of large amounts of spatial data and must be made available to multiple users in real time. Studies have shown that standalone desktop spatial systems are often rigid and inflexible to support multiple data processing or demands from multiple users. The integrated spatial management system was designed to address the above highlighted challenges by bringing enhanced possibilities of utilization of spatial data though improving accessibility, visualization, and processing spatial information. The present work employed a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative techniques to obtain the desired result. Qualitative data collection tools were used to collect field data required to design the prototype. The research sought to establish whether the integrated systems are in use by the targeted institutions, the findings highlighted that 71.4% have no integrated spatial data systems while 28.6% have partial-integrated systems. An overview of the architecture of integrated spatial systems consists of a well distributed database linked to multiple tools and platforms to query both the spatial and non-spatial data. The WEB-GIS and Mobile GIS interfaces were developed to allow multiple users to access information through the web in real time and data collection, respectively.
文摘In the context of both the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and microgrid(MG), the Energy Management System (EMS) is a key decision-maker forintegrating Distributed renewable Energy Resources (DERs) efficiently. TheEMS is regarded as a strong enabler of providing the optimized schedulingcontrol in operation and management of usage of disperse DERs and RenewableEnergy reSources (RES) such as a small-size wind-turbine (WT) andphotovoltaic (PV) energies. The main objective to be pursued by the EMSis the minimization of the overall operating cost of the MG integrated VPPnetwork. However, the minimization of the power peaks is a new objective andopen issue to a well-functional EMS, along with the maximization of profitin the energy market. Thus, both objectives have to be taken into accountat the same time. Thus, this paper proposes the EMS application incorporatingpower offering strategy applying a nature-inspired algorithm such asParticle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, in order to find the optimalsolution of the objective function in the context of the overall operating cost,the coordination of DERs, and the energy losses in a MG integrated VPPnetwork. For a fair DERs coordination with minimized power fluctuationsin the power flow, the power offering strategies with an active power controland re-distribution are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposedMG integrated VPP model with PSO-based EMS employing EgalitarianreDistribution (ED) power offering strategy is most feasible option for theoverall operating cost of VPP revenue. The total operating cost of the proposedEMS with ED strategy is 40.98$ compared to 432.8$ of MGs only withoutEMS. It is concluded that each MGs in the proposed VPP model intelligentlyparticipates in energy trading market compliant with the objective function,to minimize the overall cost and the power fluctuation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant Number 52094021N010 (5400-202199534A-05-ZN)。
文摘The integration of digital twin(DT)and 6G edge intelligence provides accurate forecasting for distributed resources control in smart park.However,the adverse impact of model poisoning attacks on DT model training cannot be ignored.To address this issue,we firstly construct the models of DT model training and model poisoning attacks.An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the weighted sum of the DT loss function and DT model training delay.Then,the problem is transformed and solved by the proposed Multi-timescAle endogenouS securiTy-aware DQN-based rEsouRce management algorithm(MASTER)based on DT-assisted state information evaluation and attack detection.MASTER adopts multi-timescale deep Q-learning(DQN)networks to jointly schedule local training epochs and devices.It actively adjusts resource management strategies based on estimated attack probability to achieve endogenous security awareness.Simulation results demonstrate that MASTER has excellent performances in DT model training accuracy and delay.
文摘This investigation is focused on conducting a thorough analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). MSWM encompasses a range of interdisciplinary measures that govern the various stages involved in managing unwanted or non-utilizable solid materials, commonly known as rubbish, trash, junk, refuse, and garbage. These stages include generation, storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling, disposal, and monitoring. The waste materials mentioned in this context exhibit a wide range of items, such as organic waste from food and vegetables, paper, plastic, polyethylene, iron, tin cans, deceased animals, byproducts from demolition activities, manure, and various other discarded materials. This study aims to provide insights into the possibilities of enhancing solid waste management in the Farmgate area of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC). To accomplish this objective, the research examines the conventional waste management methods employed in this area. It conducts extensive field surveys, collecting valuable data through interviews with local residents and key individuals involved in waste management, such as waste collectors, dealers, intermediate dealers, recyclers, and shopkeepers. The results indicate that significant amounts of distinct waste categories are produced daily. These include food and vegetable waste, which amount to 52.1 tons/day;polythene and plastic, which total 4.5 tons/day;metal and tin-can waste, which amounts to 1.4 tons/day;and paper waste, which totals 5.9 tons/day. This study highlights the significance of promoting environmental consciousness to effectively shape the attitudes of urban residents toward waste disposal and management. It emphasizes the need for collaboration between authorities and researchers to improve the current waste management system.
文摘Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health problem due to its increasing frequency, mortality and management cost. This cost may require major financial efforts from patients, especially in developing countries like ours where less than 7% of the population has health insurance. This study aimed to estimate the direct cost of managing VTE in three reference hospitals in Yaoundé. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study over a three-year period (from January 1st 2018 to December 31 2020) carried out in the Cardiology departments of the Central and General Hospitals, and the Emergency Centre of the city of Yaoundé. All patients managed during the study period for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism confirmed by venous ultrasound coupled with Doppler and computed tomography pulmonary angiography respectively were included. For each patient, we collected sociodemographic and clinical data as well as data on the cost of consultation, hospital stay, workups and medications. These data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 92 patient’s records were analysed. The median age was 60 years [48 - 68] with a sex ratio of 0.53. The median direct cost of management of venous thromboembolism was 766,375 CFAF [536,455 - 1,029,745] or $1415 USD. Management of pulmonary embolism associated with deep vein thrombosis was more costly than isolated pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Factors influencing the direct cost of management of venous thromboembolism were: hospital structure (p = 0.015), health insurance (p 0.001), type of pulmonary embolism (p = 0.021), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Management of VTE is a major financial burden for our patients and this burden is influenced by the hospital structure, health insurance, type of pulmonary embolism and length of hospital stay.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program under Grants KCXST20221021111404010,JSGG20220831103400002,JSGGKQTD20221101115655027,JCYJ 20210324094609027the National KeyR&DProgram of China under Grant 2021YFB2700900+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62371239,62376074,72301083the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program 2021.
文摘In permissioned blockchain networks,the Proof of Authority(PoA)consensus,which uses the election of authorized nodes to validate transactions and blocks,has beenwidely advocated thanks to its high transaction throughput and fault tolerance.However,PoA suffers from the drawback of centralization dominated by a limited number of authorized nodes and the lack of anonymity due to the round-robin block proposal mechanism.As a result,traditional PoA is vulnerable to a single point of failure that compromises the security of the blockchain network.To address these issues,we propose a novel decentralized reputation management mechanism for permissioned blockchain networks to enhance security,promote liveness,and mitigate centralization while retaining the same throughput as traditional PoA.This paper aims to design an off-chain reputation evaluation and an on-chain reputation-aided consensus.First,we evaluate the nodes’reputation in the context of the blockchain networks and make the reputation globally verifiable through smart contracts.Second,building upon traditional PoA,we propose a reputation-aided PoA(rPoA)consensus to enhance securitywithout sacrificing throughput.In particular,rPoA can incentivize nodes to autonomously form committees based on reputation authority,which prevents block generation from being tracked through the randomness of reputation variation.Moreover,we develop a reputation-aided fork-choice rule for rPoA to promote the network’s liveness.Finally,experimental results show that the proposed rPoA achieves higher security performance while retaining transaction throughput compared to traditional PoA.
