The disintegration of networks is a widely researched topic with significant applications in fields such as counterterrorism and infectious disease control. While the traditional approaches for achieving network disin...The disintegration of networks is a widely researched topic with significant applications in fields such as counterterrorism and infectious disease control. While the traditional approaches for achieving network disintegration involve identifying critical sets of nodes or edges, limited research has been carried out on edge-based disintegration strategies. We propose a novel algorithm, i.e., a rank aggregation elite enumeration algorithm based on edge-coupled networks(RAEEC),which aims to implement tiling for edge-coupled networks by finding important sets of edges in the network while balancing effectiveness and efficiency. Our algorithm is based on a two-layer edge-coupled network model with one-to-one links, and utilizes three advanced edge importance metrics to rank the edges separately. A comprehensive ranking of edges is obtained using a rank aggregation approach proposed in this study. The top few edges from the ranking set obtained by RAEEC are then used to generate an enumeration set, which is continuously iteratively updated to identify the set of elite attack edges.We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic networks to evaluate the performance of our proposed method, and the results indicate that RAEEC achieves a satisfactory balance between efficiency and effectiveness. Our approach represents a significant contribution to the field of network disintegration, particularly for edge-based strategies.展开更多
We propose a model of edge-coupled interdependent networks with directed dependency links(EINDDLs)and develop the theoretical analysis framework of this model based on the self-consistent probabilities method.The phas...We propose a model of edge-coupled interdependent networks with directed dependency links(EINDDLs)and develop the theoretical analysis framework of this model based on the self-consistent probabilities method.The phase transition behaviors and parameter thresholds of this model under random attacks are analyzed theoretically on both random regular(RR)networks and Erd¨os-Renyi(ER)networks,and computer simulations are performed to verify the results.In this EINDDL model,a fractionβof connectivity links within network B depends on network A and a fraction(1-β)of connectivity links within network A depends on network B.It is found that randomly removing a fraction(1-p)of connectivity links in network A at the initial state,network A exhibits different types of phase transitions(first order,second order and hybrid).Network B is rarely affected by cascading failure whenβis small,and network B will gradually converge from the first-order to the second-order phase transition asβincreases.We present the critical values ofβfor the phase change process of networks A and B,and give the critical values of p andβfor network B at the critical point of collapse.Furthermore,a cascading prevention strategy is proposed.The findings are of great significance for understanding the robustness of EINDDLs.展开更多
The weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is the simplest measure of biodiversity which takes into account the relative abundance of species and some weights assigned to the species. These weights could be assigned ba...The weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is the simplest measure of biodiversity which takes into account the relative abundance of species and some weights assigned to the species. These weights could be assigned based on factors such as the phylogenetic distance between species, or their relative conservation values, or even the species richness or vulnerability of the habitats where these species live. In the vast majority of cases where the biodiversity is measured the species are supposed to be independent, which means that the relative proportion of a pair of species is the product of the relative proportions of the component species making up the respective pair. In the first section of the paper, the main versions of the weighted Gini-Simpson index of biodiversity for the pairs and triads of independent species are presented. In the second section of the paper, the weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is calculated for the general case when the species are interdependent. In this instance, the weights reflect the conservation values of the species and the distribution pattern variability of the subsets of species in the respective habitat induced by the inter-dependence between species. The third section contains a numerical example.展开更多
With the advent of cross-domain interconnection,large-scale sensor network systems such as smart grids,smart homes,and intelligent transportation have emerged.These complex network systems often have a CPS(Cyber-Physi...With the advent of cross-domain interconnection,large-scale sensor network systems such as smart grids,smart homes,and intelligent transportation have emerged.These complex network systems often have a CPS(Cyber-Physical System)architecture and are usually composed of multiple interdependent systems.Minimal faults between interdependent networks may cause serious cascading failures between the entire system.Therefore,in this paper,we will explore the robustness detection schemes for interdependent networks.Firstly,by calculating the largest giant connected component in the entire system,the security of interdependent network systems under different attack models is analyzed.Secondly,a comparative analysis of the cascade failure mechanism between interdependent networks under the edge enhancement strategy is carried out.Finally,the simulation results verify the impact of system reliability under different handover edge strategies and show how to choose a better handover strategy to enhance its robustness.The further research work in this paper can also help design how to reduce the interdependence between systems,thereby further optimizing the interdependent network system’s structure to provide practical support for reducing the cascading failures.In the later work,we hope to explore our proposed strategies in the network model of real-world or close to real networks.展开更多
The paper purposes that the three major civilizations are territorial rational civilization originated from the tribes before the Axial Age, discrete Western rational civilization originated from the mega empires in M...The paper purposes that the three major civilizations are territorial rational civilization originated from the tribes before the Axial Age, discrete Western rational civilization originated from the mega empires in Middle East and Greece during the Axial Age, and the connective Eastern rational civilization originated from the mega empires in India and China during the Axial Age. Territorial rational civilization with territorial worldview for ingroup and outgroup individuals produces territorial nationalist democracy based on rule of boundary to deal with ingroup and outgroup individuals. Discrete Western rational civilization with discrete worldview for discrete and independent individuals produces discrete liberty-equality democracy based on rule of law to deal with discrete individuals. Connective Eastern rational civilization with connective worldview for connective and related individuals produces connective common wellbeing democracy based on rule of relation to deal with connective individuals. The current highly international interdependence produces the purposed internationalized interdependent community which allows the interdependent coexistence of the three rational civilizations by establishing the promotion of rational civilizations, the basic rules of relation and law, the potential civilizational and the regional defense boundaries, and the cooperation in international relations. The mental origin of the rational civilization consists of the social brain for instinctive intragroup relations and worldviews to form the original human social group, the mental immune system for instinctive mental therapy, theory of imaginary mind for imaginary religious and political entities with their own minds to form cohesive large social groups, and the thinking brain for rule to form rational civilization.展开更多
The paper aims to study the invulnerability of directed interdependent networks with multiple dependency relations: dependent and supportive. We establish three models and simulate in three network systems to deal wit...The paper aims to study the invulnerability of directed interdependent networks with multiple dependency relations: dependent and supportive. We establish three models and simulate in three network systems to deal with this question. To improve network invulnerability, we’d better avoid dependent relations transmission and add supportive relations symmetrically.展开更多
Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rate...Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rates-slower and faster as per controllable arrival policy. Keeping in view the general trend of interdependent arrival and service processes, it is presumed that random variables of arrival and service processes follow a bivariate poisson distribution and the server provides his services under general discipline of service rule in an infinitely large waiting space. In this paper, our central attention is to explore the probability generating functions using Rouche’s theorem in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates of the queueing model taken into consideration;which may be helpful for mathematicians and researchers for establishing significant performance measures of the model. Moreover, for the purpose of high-lighting the application aspect of our investigated result, very recently Maurya [1] has derived successfully the expected busy periods of the server in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates, which have also been presented by the end of this paper.展开更多
The financial crisis that first struck the United States is unfolding into a worldwide economic recession.When the U.S.coughs,the world catches a cold,now a once-in-acentury cold.This is unexpected to most people,incl...The financial crisis that first struck the United States is unfolding into a worldwide economic recession.When the U.S.coughs,the world catches a cold,now a once-in-acentury cold.This is unexpected to most people,including most economists.It is often said that everything in展开更多
The introduction of western psychotherapy methods to China is an enormous transcultural challenge.It touches the different concepts of"independent self"and"interdependent self"in China.The differen...The introduction of western psychotherapy methods to China is an enormous transcultural challenge.It touches the different concepts of"independent self"and"interdependent self"in China.The different constructions of self are contingent upon society and culture.It is important to give particular consideration to this aspect in the transfer of western(body)psychotherapy to China.In this article,the author describes general and concrete examples of his own experiences in China.展开更多
Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on a...Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on assessing the vulnerability and characteristics of single-mode PTNs,neglecting the impacts of heterogeneous disturbances and shifts in travel behavior within multimodal PTNs.Therefore,this study introduces a novel resilience assessment framework that comprehensively analyzes the coupling mechanism,structural and functional characteristics of bus-rail transit networks(BRTNs).In this framework,a network performance metric is proposed by considering the passengers’travel behaviors under various disturbances.Additionally,stations and subnetworks are classified using the k-means algorithm and resilience metric by simulating various disturbances occurring at each station or subnetwork.The proposed framework is validated via a case study of a BRTN in Beijing,China.Results indicate that the rail transit network(RTN)plays a crucial role in maintaining network function and resisting external disturbances in the interdependent BRTN.Furthermore,the coupling interactions between the RTN and bus transit network(BTN)exhibit distinct characteristics under infrastructure component disruption and functional disruption.These findings provide valuable insights into emergency management for PTNs and understanding the coupling relationship between BTN and RTN.展开更多
In recent years, there has been considerable attention and research on the higher-order interactions that are prevalent in various real-world networks. Hypergraphs, especially in the study of complex systems, are prov...In recent years, there has been considerable attention and research on the higher-order interactions that are prevalent in various real-world networks. Hypergraphs, especially in the study of complex systems, are proved effective in capturing these interactions. To better characterize the model in reality, this paper proposes a theoretical model of node interdependent percolation in multiplex hypergraphs, considering “weak” interdependence. The proposed model includes pairwise and higher-order interactions, where the removal of nodes triggers cascading failures. However, interdependent nodes connected to failed nodes experience partial loss of connections due to “weak” interdependence, reflecting the self-sustaining capabilities of real-world systems. Percolation theory is applied to the analysis to investigate the properties of the percolation threshold and phase transition. Both analysis and simulation results show that as the strength of interdependence between nodes weakens, the network transitions from a discontinuous to a continuous phase, thereby increasing its robustness.展开更多
The globalization of hardware designs and supply chains,as well as the integration of third-party intellectual property(IP)cores,has led to an increased focus from malicious attackers on computing hardware.However,exi...The globalization of hardware designs and supply chains,as well as the integration of third-party intellectual property(IP)cores,has led to an increased focus from malicious attackers on computing hardware.However,existing defense or detection approaches often require additional circuitry to perform security verification,and are thus constrained by time and resource limitations.Considering the scale of actual engineering tasks and tight project schedules,it is usually difficult to implement designs for all modules in field programmable gate array(FPGA)circuits.Some studies have pointed out that the failure of key modules tends to cause greater damage to the network.Therefore,under limited conditions,priority protection designs need to be made on key modules to improve protection efficiency.We have conducted research on FPGA designs including single FPGA systems and multi-FPGA systems,to identify key modules in FPGA systems.For the single FPGA designs,considering the topological structure,network characteristics,and directionality of FPGA designs,we propose a node importance evaluationmethod based on the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.Then,for the multi-FPGA designs,considering the influence of nodes in intra-layer and inter-layers,they are constructed into the interdependent network,and we propose a method based on connection strength to identify the important modules.Finally,we conduct empirical research using actual FPGA designs as examples.The results indicate that compared to other traditional indexes,node importance indexes proposed for different designs can better characterize the importance of nodes.展开更多
The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures(CIs).During the post-disaster restoration process,transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent,and the...The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures(CIs).During the post-disaster restoration process,transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent,and their functionalities significantly affect the well-beings of other urban CIs.Therefore,to enhance the resilience of urban CIs,successful recovery strategies should promote CI function cooperatively and synergistically to distribute goods and services efficiently.This paper develops an integrative framework that addresses the challenges of enhancing the recovery efficiency of urban power and transportation systems in short-term recovery period.Specifically,the post-storm recovery process is considered as a scheduling problem with the constraints representingcrew dispatch,equipment and fuel limit.We propose a new framework for co-optimizing the recovery scheduling of power and transportation systems,respecting precedency requirement and network constraints.The advantages and benefits of co-optimized recovery scheduling are validated in a testing system.展开更多
In order to reduce the occurrence or expansion of accidents and maintain safety in distribution networks,it is essential to find out the vulnerable points for the power system in time.In this paper,a vulnerable point ...In order to reduce the occurrence or expansion of accidents and maintain safety in distribution networks,it is essential to find out the vulnerable points for the power system in time.In this paper,a vulnerable point identification method based on heterogeneous interdependent(HI)node theory and risk theory is proposed.Compared with the methods based on betweenness theory,the method based on HI nodes theory can deal with the shortcomings of the power flow shortest path,and consider the direct and indirect relationship of nodes.It is more suitable for identifying vulnerable points in a realistic power system.First,according to the analysis of heterogenous interdependent networks,the HI nodes are defined and used to evaluate the utility coupling value of each node.Then an identification indicator,which combines the utility coupling value and the risk indicators,is utilized to evaluate the vulnerability of each node.Results show that the proposed method is a suitable one to find the vulnerable points and better than betweennessbased methods for a distribution network.展开更多
Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies to...Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies towards partial dollarization.Monetary authorities in CAEs,(already have a challenge of maintaining monetary policy autonomy)have a gigantic task of price stability and stopping the spread of dollarization.This study is directed towards assessing the drivers and the determinants of foreign exchange market pressure in CAEs.The results,based on panel data analysis and the System GMM model,have provided useful insights about the exchange market pressure determinants particularly USD,Euro,Ruble,and Renminbi.The results show that China and Russia exchange market pressure has a negative effect on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.While the dollar index shows a positive impact on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.Overall,the findings imply that China and Russia currency appreciation results in a trade deficit across CAEs.The policy implication suggests that the floating exchange rate regime(inflation targeting regime)is not in favor of CAEs,and they must use managed-float to reduce their trade deficits.展开更多
The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the super...The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the supervisory system since the Qin Dynasty,the supervisory rules in the Ming Dynasty opened a new chapter of legal thoughts of monitoring.This paper started with the design of the supervisory institutions in the Ming Dynasty recorded in the historical materials such as the Memoir of Ming Dynasty and The Interpretive Supplements to"The Great Learning",to get a glimpse of the main content of the legal thoughts of supervisory at that time,and tried to"take history as a mirror"to provide insights and lessons of the legal thoughts of supervisory in the Ming Dynasty for the later generations.展开更多
Tensegrity structures have identical members in an orientation that have correlated dynamics under external force.To study this interdependent dynamics in different members in compression and expansion processes,it is...Tensegrity structures have identical members in an orientation that have correlated dynamics under external force.To study this interdependent dynamics in different members in compression and expansion processes,it is vital to analyze the dynamics of the whole structure.In this study,six bar tensegrity structure was studied under compression and expansion,and interdependent movement of different members of the structure in both processes was obtained.First,the relationship between external force and members force densities was analytically developed based on the assumption that each bar moves with the same distance when an external force is applied on the six bar tensegrity ball structure along one plane that either compresses or expands the structure.Then,two individual simulations were carried out to analyze the movement of each bar in compression and expansion under the effect of external force,and elongation in all strings was studied in both processes.Finally,comparative dynamic study of different members in compression and expansion of the structure with the effect of external force was performed,which were categorized according to dynamic symmetry.展开更多
In his original article on human motivation, Abraham Maslow said “<em>The present theory then must be considered to be a suggested program or framework for future research and must stand or fall, not so much on...In his original article on human motivation, Abraham Maslow said “<em>The present theory then must be considered to be a suggested program or framework for future research and must stand or fall, not so much on facts available or evidence presented, as upon researches yet to be done, researches suggested perhaps, by the questions raised in this paper</em>” ([<a href="#ref1">1</a>], p370). This article endeavours to build on Maslow’s work, incorporating research in the neurobiological impact of childhood trauma which shows that safety is the most fundamental need for all human beings. Indigenous approaches to understanding human needs beyond the ending points of any one individual life and valuing cultural perpetuity are also integrated into this model. The methodology to synthesize this paper is the result of a transdisciplinary approach which values collaboration between disciplines that focus on the biological, social, and psychological factors that interact with each other in the dynamic dance of life. Communication is added as a core need of human beings, with Interdependent Actualization being seen as the capstone of human development. Incorporating the biological framework of the extra-cellular matrix with a visual model that shows the relationships between the parts of a whole, the Matrix of Needs restores the dynamic and interrelated nature of human needs in the same hope Maslow had, that this paper will generate ideas, launch discussions and build a framework for future researchers to better understand what it means to be human, and how to remove the barriers which impede our growth as individuals and as members of the human family.展开更多
This paper focuses on the connection between self-construal and social media about Chinese college students and explores how and what the connections are between independent self-construal or interdependent self-const...This paper focuses on the connection between self-construal and social media about Chinese college students and explores how and what the connections are between independent self-construal or interdependent self-construal and social media.The research begins at the differences of self-construal,and the connections between different self-construal.Based on the data analysis and interviews,five themes are developed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61877046, 12271419, and 62106186)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (Program No. 2022JQ-620)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. XJS220709, JB210701, and QTZX23002)。
文摘The disintegration of networks is a widely researched topic with significant applications in fields such as counterterrorism and infectious disease control. While the traditional approaches for achieving network disintegration involve identifying critical sets of nodes or edges, limited research has been carried out on edge-based disintegration strategies. We propose a novel algorithm, i.e., a rank aggregation elite enumeration algorithm based on edge-coupled networks(RAEEC),which aims to implement tiling for edge-coupled networks by finding important sets of edges in the network while balancing effectiveness and efficiency. Our algorithm is based on a two-layer edge-coupled network model with one-to-one links, and utilizes three advanced edge importance metrics to rank the edges separately. A comprehensive ranking of edges is obtained using a rank aggregation approach proposed in this study. The top few edges from the ranking set obtained by RAEEC are then used to generate an enumeration set, which is continuously iteratively updated to identify the set of elite attack edges.We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic networks to evaluate the performance of our proposed method, and the results indicate that RAEEC achieves a satisfactory balance between efficiency and effectiveness. Our approach represents a significant contribution to the field of network disintegration, particularly for edge-based strategies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61973118,51741902,11761033,12075088,and 11835003)Project in JiangXi Province Department of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.20212BBE51010 and 20182BCB22009)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.Y22F035316)。
文摘We propose a model of edge-coupled interdependent networks with directed dependency links(EINDDLs)and develop the theoretical analysis framework of this model based on the self-consistent probabilities method.The phase transition behaviors and parameter thresholds of this model under random attacks are analyzed theoretically on both random regular(RR)networks and Erd¨os-Renyi(ER)networks,and computer simulations are performed to verify the results.In this EINDDL model,a fractionβof connectivity links within network B depends on network A and a fraction(1-β)of connectivity links within network A depends on network B.It is found that randomly removing a fraction(1-p)of connectivity links in network A at the initial state,network A exhibits different types of phase transitions(first order,second order and hybrid).Network B is rarely affected by cascading failure whenβis small,and network B will gradually converge from the first-order to the second-order phase transition asβincreases.We present the critical values ofβfor the phase change process of networks A and B,and give the critical values of p andβfor network B at the critical point of collapse.Furthermore,a cascading prevention strategy is proposed.The findings are of great significance for understanding the robustness of EINDDLs.
文摘The weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is the simplest measure of biodiversity which takes into account the relative abundance of species and some weights assigned to the species. These weights could be assigned based on factors such as the phylogenetic distance between species, or their relative conservation values, or even the species richness or vulnerability of the habitats where these species live. In the vast majority of cases where the biodiversity is measured the species are supposed to be independent, which means that the relative proportion of a pair of species is the product of the relative proportions of the component species making up the respective pair. In the first section of the paper, the main versions of the weighted Gini-Simpson index of biodiversity for the pairs and triads of independent species are presented. In the second section of the paper, the weighted Gini-Simpson quadratic index is calculated for the general case when the species are interdependent. In this instance, the weights reflect the conservation values of the species and the distribution pattern variability of the subsets of species in the respective habitat induced by the inter-dependence between species. The third section contains a numerical example.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.62072412,No.61902359,No.61702148No.61672468 part by the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security under grant AGK2018001.
文摘With the advent of cross-domain interconnection,large-scale sensor network systems such as smart grids,smart homes,and intelligent transportation have emerged.These complex network systems often have a CPS(Cyber-Physical System)architecture and are usually composed of multiple interdependent systems.Minimal faults between interdependent networks may cause serious cascading failures between the entire system.Therefore,in this paper,we will explore the robustness detection schemes for interdependent networks.Firstly,by calculating the largest giant connected component in the entire system,the security of interdependent network systems under different attack models is analyzed.Secondly,a comparative analysis of the cascade failure mechanism between interdependent networks under the edge enhancement strategy is carried out.Finally,the simulation results verify the impact of system reliability under different handover edge strategies and show how to choose a better handover strategy to enhance its robustness.The further research work in this paper can also help design how to reduce the interdependence between systems,thereby further optimizing the interdependent network system’s structure to provide practical support for reducing the cascading failures.In the later work,we hope to explore our proposed strategies in the network model of real-world or close to real networks.
文摘The paper purposes that the three major civilizations are territorial rational civilization originated from the tribes before the Axial Age, discrete Western rational civilization originated from the mega empires in Middle East and Greece during the Axial Age, and the connective Eastern rational civilization originated from the mega empires in India and China during the Axial Age. Territorial rational civilization with territorial worldview for ingroup and outgroup individuals produces territorial nationalist democracy based on rule of boundary to deal with ingroup and outgroup individuals. Discrete Western rational civilization with discrete worldview for discrete and independent individuals produces discrete liberty-equality democracy based on rule of law to deal with discrete individuals. Connective Eastern rational civilization with connective worldview for connective and related individuals produces connective common wellbeing democracy based on rule of relation to deal with connective individuals. The current highly international interdependence produces the purposed internationalized interdependent community which allows the interdependent coexistence of the three rational civilizations by establishing the promotion of rational civilizations, the basic rules of relation and law, the potential civilizational and the regional defense boundaries, and the cooperation in international relations. The mental origin of the rational civilization consists of the social brain for instinctive intragroup relations and worldviews to form the original human social group, the mental immune system for instinctive mental therapy, theory of imaginary mind for imaginary religious and political entities with their own minds to form cohesive large social groups, and the thinking brain for rule to form rational civilization.
文摘The paper aims to study the invulnerability of directed interdependent networks with multiple dependency relations: dependent and supportive. We establish three models and simulate in three network systems to deal with this question. To improve network invulnerability, we’d better avoid dependent relations transmission and add supportive relations symmetrically.
文摘Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rates-slower and faster as per controllable arrival policy. Keeping in view the general trend of interdependent arrival and service processes, it is presumed that random variables of arrival and service processes follow a bivariate poisson distribution and the server provides his services under general discipline of service rule in an infinitely large waiting space. In this paper, our central attention is to explore the probability generating functions using Rouche’s theorem in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates of the queueing model taken into consideration;which may be helpful for mathematicians and researchers for establishing significant performance measures of the model. Moreover, for the purpose of high-lighting the application aspect of our investigated result, very recently Maurya [1] has derived successfully the expected busy periods of the server in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates, which have also been presented by the end of this paper.
文摘The financial crisis that first struck the United States is unfolding into a worldwide economic recession.When the U.S.coughs,the world catches a cold,now a once-in-acentury cold.This is unexpected to most people,including most economists.It is often said that everything in
文摘The introduction of western psychotherapy methods to China is an enormous transcultural challenge.It touches the different concepts of"independent self"and"interdependent self"in China.The different constructions of self are contingent upon society and culture.It is important to give particular consideration to this aspect in the transfer of western(body)psychotherapy to China.In this article,the author describes general and concrete examples of his own experiences in China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB1600100).
文摘Understanding the interdependent nature of multimodal public transit networks(PTNs)is vital for ensuring the resilience and robustness of transportation systems.However,previous studies have predominantly focused on assessing the vulnerability and characteristics of single-mode PTNs,neglecting the impacts of heterogeneous disturbances and shifts in travel behavior within multimodal PTNs.Therefore,this study introduces a novel resilience assessment framework that comprehensively analyzes the coupling mechanism,structural and functional characteristics of bus-rail transit networks(BRTNs).In this framework,a network performance metric is proposed by considering the passengers’travel behaviors under various disturbances.Additionally,stations and subnetworks are classified using the k-means algorithm and resilience metric by simulating various disturbances occurring at each station or subnetwork.The proposed framework is validated via a case study of a BRTN in Beijing,China.Results indicate that the rail transit network(RTN)plays a crucial role in maintaining network function and resisting external disturbances in the interdependent BRTN.Furthermore,the coupling interactions between the RTN and bus transit network(BTN)exhibit distinct characteristics under infrastructure component disruption and functional disruption.These findings provide valuable insights into emergency management for PTNs and understanding the coupling relationship between BTN and RTN.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(221100210700-2)。
文摘In recent years, there has been considerable attention and research on the higher-order interactions that are prevalent in various real-world networks. Hypergraphs, especially in the study of complex systems, are proved effective in capturing these interactions. To better characterize the model in reality, this paper proposes a theoretical model of node interdependent percolation in multiplex hypergraphs, considering “weak” interdependence. The proposed model includes pairwise and higher-order interactions, where the removal of nodes triggers cascading failures. However, interdependent nodes connected to failed nodes experience partial loss of connections due to “weak” interdependence, reflecting the self-sustaining capabilities of real-world systems. Percolation theory is applied to the analysis to investigate the properties of the percolation threshold and phase transition. Both analysis and simulation results show that as the strength of interdependence between nodes weakens, the network transitions from a discontinuous to a continuous phase, thereby increasing its robustness.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62362008,61973163,61972345,U1911401.
文摘The globalization of hardware designs and supply chains,as well as the integration of third-party intellectual property(IP)cores,has led to an increased focus from malicious attackers on computing hardware.However,existing defense or detection approaches often require additional circuitry to perform security verification,and are thus constrained by time and resource limitations.Considering the scale of actual engineering tasks and tight project schedules,it is usually difficult to implement designs for all modules in field programmable gate array(FPGA)circuits.Some studies have pointed out that the failure of key modules tends to cause greater damage to the network.Therefore,under limited conditions,priority protection designs need to be made on key modules to improve protection efficiency.We have conducted research on FPGA designs including single FPGA systems and multi-FPGA systems,to identify key modules in FPGA systems.For the single FPGA designs,considering the topological structure,network characteristics,and directionality of FPGA designs,we propose a node importance evaluationmethod based on the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.Then,for the multi-FPGA designs,considering the influence of nodes in intra-layer and inter-layers,they are constructed into the interdependent network,and we propose a method based on connection strength to identify the important modules.Finally,we conduct empirical research using actual FPGA designs as examples.The results indicate that compared to other traditional indexes,node importance indexes proposed for different designs can better characterize the importance of nodes.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Project(No.ECCS-171121)CARRER Award(No.CMMI-1554559)CSUFRD-IoT Award.
文摘The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures(CIs).During the post-disaster restoration process,transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent,and their functionalities significantly affect the well-beings of other urban CIs.Therefore,to enhance the resilience of urban CIs,successful recovery strategies should promote CI function cooperatively and synergistically to distribute goods and services efficiently.This paper develops an integrative framework that addresses the challenges of enhancing the recovery efficiency of urban power and transportation systems in short-term recovery period.Specifically,the post-storm recovery process is considered as a scheduling problem with the constraints representingcrew dispatch,equipment and fuel limit.We propose a new framework for co-optimizing the recovery scheduling of power and transportation systems,respecting precedency requirement and network constraints.The advantages and benefits of co-optimized recovery scheduling are validated in a testing system.
基金This work was supported in part by the Science and Technology Project of SGCC“Research on Key Technology of High Reliability Distribution Network in Xiongan New Area”(PDB17201800056)。
文摘In order to reduce the occurrence or expansion of accidents and maintain safety in distribution networks,it is essential to find out the vulnerable points for the power system in time.In this paper,a vulnerable point identification method based on heterogeneous interdependent(HI)node theory and risk theory is proposed.Compared with the methods based on betweenness theory,the method based on HI nodes theory can deal with the shortcomings of the power flow shortest path,and consider the direct and indirect relationship of nodes.It is more suitable for identifying vulnerable points in a realistic power system.First,according to the analysis of heterogenous interdependent networks,the HI nodes are defined and used to evaluate the utility coupling value of each node.Then an identification indicator,which combines the utility coupling value and the risk indicators,is utilized to evaluate the vulnerability of each node.Results show that the proposed method is a suitable one to find the vulnerable points and better than betweennessbased methods for a distribution network.
文摘Central Asian Economies(CAEs)have diverse exchange rate policies.They have recorded higher volatility in the foreign exchange market since inception.High volatility of the transition era has drifted these economies towards partial dollarization.Monetary authorities in CAEs,(already have a challenge of maintaining monetary policy autonomy)have a gigantic task of price stability and stopping the spread of dollarization.This study is directed towards assessing the drivers and the determinants of foreign exchange market pressure in CAEs.The results,based on panel data analysis and the System GMM model,have provided useful insights about the exchange market pressure determinants particularly USD,Euro,Ruble,and Renminbi.The results show that China and Russia exchange market pressure has a negative effect on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.While the dollar index shows a positive impact on the exchange market pressure of CAEs.Overall,the findings imply that China and Russia currency appreciation results in a trade deficit across CAEs.The policy implication suggests that the floating exchange rate regime(inflation targeting regime)is not in favor of CAEs,and they must use managed-float to reduce their trade deficits.
基金Scientific Planning Project of Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Monitoring the legal system and political trend-Research on the relationship between the Duchayuan during Tianqi period and the political situation of the late Ming DynastyProject No.TJFX19-002。
文摘The supervisory system and the examination system are two indigenous political systems of China,and the former has a longer history than the latter when it comes to the origin.Having inherited the essence of the supervisory system since the Qin Dynasty,the supervisory rules in the Ming Dynasty opened a new chapter of legal thoughts of monitoring.This paper started with the design of the supervisory institutions in the Ming Dynasty recorded in the historical materials such as the Memoir of Ming Dynasty and The Interpretive Supplements to"The Great Learning",to get a glimpse of the main content of the legal thoughts of supervisory at that time,and tried to"take history as a mirror"to provide insights and lessons of the legal thoughts of supervisory in the Ming Dynasty for the later generations.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51605111,51675114 and 51875111).
文摘Tensegrity structures have identical members in an orientation that have correlated dynamics under external force.To study this interdependent dynamics in different members in compression and expansion processes,it is vital to analyze the dynamics of the whole structure.In this study,six bar tensegrity structure was studied under compression and expansion,and interdependent movement of different members of the structure in both processes was obtained.First,the relationship between external force and members force densities was analytically developed based on the assumption that each bar moves with the same distance when an external force is applied on the six bar tensegrity ball structure along one plane that either compresses or expands the structure.Then,two individual simulations were carried out to analyze the movement of each bar in compression and expansion under the effect of external force,and elongation in all strings was studied in both processes.Finally,comparative dynamic study of different members in compression and expansion of the structure with the effect of external force was performed,which were categorized according to dynamic symmetry.
文摘In his original article on human motivation, Abraham Maslow said “<em>The present theory then must be considered to be a suggested program or framework for future research and must stand or fall, not so much on facts available or evidence presented, as upon researches yet to be done, researches suggested perhaps, by the questions raised in this paper</em>” ([<a href="#ref1">1</a>], p370). This article endeavours to build on Maslow’s work, incorporating research in the neurobiological impact of childhood trauma which shows that safety is the most fundamental need for all human beings. Indigenous approaches to understanding human needs beyond the ending points of any one individual life and valuing cultural perpetuity are also integrated into this model. The methodology to synthesize this paper is the result of a transdisciplinary approach which values collaboration between disciplines that focus on the biological, social, and psychological factors that interact with each other in the dynamic dance of life. Communication is added as a core need of human beings, with Interdependent Actualization being seen as the capstone of human development. Incorporating the biological framework of the extra-cellular matrix with a visual model that shows the relationships between the parts of a whole, the Matrix of Needs restores the dynamic and interrelated nature of human needs in the same hope Maslow had, that this paper will generate ideas, launch discussions and build a framework for future researchers to better understand what it means to be human, and how to remove the barriers which impede our growth as individuals and as members of the human family.
文摘This paper focuses on the connection between self-construal and social media about Chinese college students and explores how and what the connections are between independent self-construal or interdependent self-construal and social media.The research begins at the differences of self-construal,and the connections between different self-construal.Based on the data analysis and interviews,five themes are developed.
