Waste cooking oils and non-edible vegetable oils are abundant and renewable resources for bio-based materials which have showed great potential applications in many industries.In this study,five fatty acids commonly f...Waste cooking oils and non-edible vegetable oils are abundant and renewable resources for bio-based materials which have showed great potential applications in many industries.In this study,five fatty acids commonly found in non-edible vegetable oils,including palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,ricinoleic acid,and their mixtures,were used to produce bio-based zwitterionic surfactants through a facile and high-yield chemical modification.These surfactants demonstrated excellent surface/interfacial properties with the minimum surface tensions ranging from 28.4 mN/m to 32.8 mN/m in aqueous solutions.The interfacial tensions between crude oil and surfactant solutions were remarkably reduced to lower values ranging from 0.0028 mN/m to 0.1983 mN/m without the aid of extra alkali,which particularly implied a great potential application in enhanced oil recovery.Meanwhile,these bio-based surfactants also showed good wetting properties(contact angles of~51°comparing with that of double distilled water,92.04°)and appropriate predicted biodegradability(degradation order of“weeks”for bio-based surfactants synthesized from saturated fatty acids,and“months”for those synthesized from unsaturated fatty acids).Bio-based surfactants synthesized from unsaturated fatty acids showed better interfacial properties in reducing interfacial tension between crude oil and formation water.The bio-based surfactants presented in this study are alternative substitutes for traditional petroleum-based surfactants in various surfactant application fields.展开更多
The high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with ethyl cellulose/cellulose acetate (EC/CA) blends and EC as column packing material, and small molecular weight compound as probe molecules was employed to ...The high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with ethyl cellulose/cellulose acetate (EC/CA) blends and EC as column packing material, and small molecular weight compound as probe molecules was employed to measure the retention volume (VR) and equilibrium distribution coefficient (K) of both inorganic and organic solutes. The interfacial separation properties of EC/CA blends were characterized by the HPLC data. The effects of the blends on the interfacial adsorption properties, hydrophilicity, affinity, polar and non-polar parameters of EC membrane materials were studied subsequently. The research results indicate that the interfacial adsorption properties and hydrophilicity of EC have been improved by solution blending with CA. The alloys are superior to EC in the separation efficiency for non-dissociable polar organic solute. The EC/CA alloy (80:20, ω) is suitable for desalting and desaccharifying.展开更多
The interfacial property of carbon fiber(CF)reinforced composites is crucial to facilitate the application of high-strength composites.Utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bond properties of diazo resin,carbon nan...The interfacial property of carbon fiber(CF)reinforced composites is crucial to facilitate the application of high-strength composites.Utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bond properties of diazo resin,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(GO)could be quickly grafted onto the surface of the CF via the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.The results showed that CNTs and GO were uniformly coated onto the CF surface,and the chemical activity and roughness of the modified CF surface were improved signif-icantly.The modified CF surface can significantly augment the interaction between the epoxy resin and the fiber.Remarkably,due to the good interfacial property,the impact performance of the composites re-inforced with the nanomaterial-modified CF was improved obviously.In addition,the interface properties of the composites are studied in depth.This method is expected to achieve rapid surface modification of carbon fiber.展开更多
Benzene alkylation catalyzed by immobilized ionic liquids(ILs)on solid carriers is considered as a heterogeneous reaction,in which the interfacial properties play an important role.Hence,the interfacial characteristic...Benzene alkylation catalyzed by immobilized ionic liquids(ILs)on solid carriers is considered as a heterogeneous reaction,in which the interfacial properties play an important role.Hence,the interfacial characteristics between benzene/1-dodecene mixture and immobilized chloroaluminate ILs with different alkyl chain length on the silica substrate were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.The grafted ILs can obviously promote the enrichment of benzene near the interface,leading to a higher ratio of benzene to dodecene,and the interfacial width increases slightly with increased alkyl chain of grafted cations.At the same time,the grafted cations can also enhance the benzene diffusion and suppress the dodecene diffusion at the interface,which probably helps to inhibit the inactivation of catalysts.This work provides deeply insights into the rational design of novel immo-bilized ILs catalysts for the benzene alkylation.展开更多
It is a challenge to identify each phase in a multi-component polymer system and uniquely determine the interfacial properties between the different phases.Using atomic force microscopy nanomechanical mapping(AFM-NM)a...It is a challenge to identify each phase in a multi-component polymer system and uniquely determine the interfacial properties between the different phases.Using atomic force microscopy nanomechanical mapping(AFM-NM)and AFM-based infrared spectroscopy(AFM-IR),we identify each phase,visualize structural developments,and determine the interfacial properties in a blend of three polymers:high-density polyethylene(HDPE),polyamide(PA6)and poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene)(SEBS).Each phase can be identified from the Young’s modulus,along with the structural development within the phases before and after compatibilization.The interfacial widths between HDPE/PA6,HDPE/SEBS and SEBS/PA6 were determined independently in one measurement from a Young’s modulus map.The structural,mechanical property development and identity of the phases were determined by AFM-NM,while AFM-IR,providing complementary chemical information,identified interfacial reactions,showed the chemical affinity of a compatibilizer with the component phases,and mapped the distribution of the compatibilizer in the ternary polymer blends.The chemical,structural and interfacial information obtained by these measurements provide information that is essential for producing mechanically robust materials from incompatible mixtures of polymers.展开更多
This paper examined different kinds of organic functional groups that were introduced onto the surface of nano TiO_(2) by surface modification with different types of zircoaluminate coupling agents.The modified nanoTi...This paper examined different kinds of organic functional groups that were introduced onto the surface of nano TiO_(2) by surface modification with different types of zircoaluminate coupling agents.The modified nanoTiO_(2) products with different interfacial properties were obtained,and the impact of the interfacial properties of nanoTiO_(2) on the rheological behavior of paper coating and the properties of coated paper was systematically investigated.The steady shear rheological results showed that the paper coatings containing nano TiO_(2) exhibited a pseudoplastic fluid behavior,characterized as obvious shear thinning.Compared to the hydrophilic unmodified nano TiO_(2),modified nano TiO_(2) could contribute more to the viscosity of paper coatings.The study on the dynamic viscoelasticity revealed that,through the enhancing action among each component in paper coatings,the modified nano TiO_(2) with quaternary amine groups or carboxyl led to a higher dynamic elastic storage modulus and viscous loss modulus of paper coatings.In addition,SEM and AFM analyses indicated that adding modified nano TiO_(2) products in paper coating could improve the coating structure,thus ameliorating the optical properties and printability of coated paper.The results obtained could provide a good reference for the application of nano pigments in paper coating.展开更多
We use a Monte Carlo method to study the phase and interfacial behaviors of A-b-B diblocks in a blend of homopolymers, A and B, which are confined between two asymmetric hard and impenetrable walls. Our results show t...We use a Monte Carlo method to study the phase and interfacial behaviors of A-b-B diblocks in a blend of homopolymers, A and B, which are confined between two asymmetric hard and impenetrable walls. Our results show that, when the interaction strength is weak, the block copolymersare uniformly distributed in the ternary mixtures under considered concentrations. Under strong interaction strength, distribution region of the block copolymers changes from a single smooth interface to a curved interface or multi-layer interface in the ternary mixtures. Furthermore, our findings show that with increasing volume fraction of A-b-B diblock copolymer(фC), copolymer profiles broaden while фC≥ 0.4, a lamellar phase is formed and by further increasing фC, more thinner layers are observed. Moreover, the results show that, with the increase of фC, the phase interface first gradually transforms from plane to a curved surface rather than micelle or lamellar phase while with the increase of the interaction between A and B segments(ε_(AB)), the copolymer chains not only get stretched in the direction perpendicular to the interface, but also are oriented. The simulations also revealthat the difference between symmetric and asymmetric copolymers is negligible in statistics if the lengths of two blocksare comparable.展开更多
This study shows that the mechanical strength of the composite of Fe matrix and titanium carbide(Ti C)ceramic particles is significantly enhanced with addition of molybdenum(Mo) atoms. Ti C reinforced Fe(Fe-0.2C-7Mn) ...This study shows that the mechanical strength of the composite of Fe matrix and titanium carbide(Ti C)ceramic particles is significantly enhanced with addition of molybdenum(Mo) atoms. Ti C reinforced Fe(Fe-0.2C-7Mn) composites with and without Mo were fabricated by a liquid pressing infiltration(LPI)process and the effect of Mo on interfacial properties of TiC–Fe composite was investigated using atomic probe tomography(APT) analysis, molecular dynamics(MD) simulations, first-principle density functional theory(DFT), and thermodynamic calculations. First, DFT calculations showed that total energies of the Mo-doped Ti C–Fe superlattices strongly depend on the position of Mo defects, and are minimized when the Mo atom is located at the TiC/Fe interface, supporting the probable formation of MoC-like interphase at the TiC/Fe interface region. Then, APT analysis confirmed the DFT predictions by finding that about6.5 wt.% Mo is incorporated in the Ti C–Fe(Mo) composite and that sub-micrometer thick(Ti,Mo)C interphase is indeed formed near the interface. The MD simulations show that Mo atoms migrate to the Mo-free TiC–Fe interface at elevated temperatures and the mechanical strength of the interface is considerably enhanced, which is in good agreement with experimental observations.展开更多
A comparison study on interfacial properties of a traditional fluorine-bearing(F-bearing)mold flux and a newly designed fluorine-free(F-free)mold flux to produce advanced high-strength steels(AHSSs)by compact strip pr...A comparison study on interfacial properties of a traditional fluorine-bearing(F-bearing)mold flux and a newly designed fluorine-free(F-free)mold flux to produce advanced high-strength steels(AHSSs)by compact strip production technology was conducted.The results showed that these two kinds of mold fluxes gradually spread out on the typical AHSS substrate when slags began to melt with the increase in heating temperature,and they had a good interfacial ability between the two mold fluxes and the AHSS substrate,and there was no other interfacial reaction except the oxidization of steel substrate by the mold fluxes.In comparison,the wettability of the designed F-free mold flux with the AHSS substrate was better than that of the F-bearing mold flux.The reason could be explained as the addition of B_(2)O_(3) would increase the complexity and polymerization degree of the melt structure and weaken the attractive force between the ions and ionic groups,then leading to a better wettability.Besides,B_(2)O_(3) is an effective flux,which can reduce the melting temperature obviously,and the surface tension of the liquid F-free mold flux would get reduced with the addition of B_(2)O_(3).展开更多
The ZrTiON gate-dielectric GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS) capacitors with or without ZrAlON as the inter facial passivation layer(IPL) are fabricated and their properties are investigated. The experimental result...The ZrTiON gate-dielectric GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS) capacitors with or without ZrAlON as the inter facial passivation layer(IPL) are fabricated and their properties are investigated. The experimental results show that the GaAs MOS capacitor with the ZrAlON IPL exhibits better interfacial and electrical properties,including lower interface-state density(1.14×10^(12) cm^(-2)eV^(-1)), smaller gate leakage current(6.82×10^(-5) A/cm^2 at V_(fb)+1 V), smaller capacitance equivalent thickness(1.5 nm), and larger k value(26). The involved mechanisms lie in the fact that the ZrAlON IPL can effectively block the diffusion of Ti and O towards the GaAs surface, thus suppressing the formation of interfacial Ga-/As-oxides and As-As dimers, which leads to improved interfacial and electrical properties for the devices.展开更多
We report a simple and effective method to realize desirable interfacial property for inverted planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)by using small molecule ethanediamine for the construction of a novel polyelectrolyte h...We report a simple and effective method to realize desirable interfacial property for inverted planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)by using small molecule ethanediamine for the construction of a novel polyelectrolyte hole transport material(P3CT-ED HTM).It is found that P3CT-ED can not only improve the hole transport property of P3CT-K but also improve the crystallinity of adjacent perovskite film.In addition,the introduction of ethanediamine into P3CT realigns the conduction and valence bands upwards,passivates surface defects and reduces nonradiative recombination.As a consequence,compared to P3CT-K hole transport layer(HTL)based devices,the average power conversion efficiency(PCE)is boosted from17.2% to 19.6% for the counterparts with P3CT-ED,with simultaneous enhancement in open circuit voltage and fill factor.The resultant device displays a champion PCE of 20.5% with negligible hysteresis.展开更多
The modulation of electrical properties of MoS_2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,interfacial charge transfer induced elec...The modulation of electrical properties of MoS_2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,interfacial charge transfer induced electronic property tuning of MoS_2 are investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.A downward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the decreasing work function,which are induced by the electron transfer from Cs overlayers to MoS_2,is observed after the functionalization of MoS_2 with Cs,leading to n-type doping.Meanwhile,when MoS_2 is modified with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F_4-TCNQ),an upward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the increasing work function is observed at the interfaces.This is attributed to the electron depletion within MoS_2 due to the strong electron withdrawing property of F_4-TCNQ,indicating p-type doping of MoS_2.Our findings reveal that surface transfer doping is an effective approach for electronic property tuning of MoS_2 and paves the way to optimize its performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
The effective conductivity of graphene-based nanocomposites is suggested by the characteristics of polymer-filler interfacial areas as well as the contact resistance between the neighboring nanosheets.The interfacial ...The effective conductivity of graphene-based nanocomposites is suggested by the characteristics of polymer-filler interfacial areas as well as the contact resistance between the neighboring nanosheets.The interfacial properties are expressed by the effective levels of the inverse aspect ratio and the filler volume fraction.Moreover,the resistances of components in the contact regions are used to define the contact resistance,which inversely affects the effective conductivity.The obtained model is utilized to predict the effective conductivity for some examples.The discrepancy of the effective conductivity at various ranks of all factors is clarified.The interfacial conductivity directly controls the effective conductivity,while the filler conductivity plays a dissimilar role in the effective conductivity,due to the incomplete interfacial adhesion.A high operative conductivity is also achieved by small contact distances and high interfacial properties.Additionally,big contact diameters and little tunnel resistivity decrease the contact resistance,thus enhancing the effective conductivity.展开更多
Photo-generated carrier recombination loss at the CZTSSe/Cd S front interface is a key issue to the opencircuit voltage(V_(OC)) deficit of Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(x)Se_(4-x)(CZTSSe) solar cells. Here, by the aid of an easy-handl...Photo-generated carrier recombination loss at the CZTSSe/Cd S front interface is a key issue to the opencircuit voltage(V_(OC)) deficit of Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(x)Se_(4-x)(CZTSSe) solar cells. Here, by the aid of an easy-handling spin-coating method, a thin PCBM([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) layer as an electron extraction layer has been introduced on the top of CdS buffer layer to modify CZTSSe/CdS/ZnO-ITO(In_(2)O_(3):Sn) interfacial properties. Based on Sn^(4+)/DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide) solution system, a totalarea efficiency of 12.87% with a VOC of 529 m V has been achieved. A comprehensive investigation on the influence of PCBM layer on carrier extraction, transportation and recombination processes has been carried out. It is found that the PCBM layer can smooth over the Cd S film roughness, thus beneficial for a dense and flat window layer. Furthermore, this CZTSSe/Cd S/PCBM heterostructure can accelerate carrier separation and extraction and block holes from the front interface as well, which is mainly ascribed to the downward band bending of the absorber and a widened space charge region. Our work provides a feasible way to improve the front interfacial property and the cell performance of CZTSSe solar cells by the aid of organic interfacial materials.展开更多
Methods capable of tuning the properties of van der Waals(vdW)layered materials in a controlled and reversible manner are highly desirable.Interfacial electronic properties of two-dimensional vdW heterostructure consi...Methods capable of tuning the properties of van der Waals(vdW)layered materials in a controlled and reversible manner are highly desirable.Interfacial electronic properties of two-dimensional vdW heterostructure consisting of silicene and indium selenide(InSe)have been calculated using density functional theory-based computational code.Furthermore,in order to vary the aforementioned properties,silicene is slid over a InSe layer in the presence of Li intercalation.On intercalation of the heterostructure,the buckling parameter associated with the corrugation of silicene decreases from 0.44A to 0.36A,whereas the InSe structure remains unaffected.Potential energy scans reveal a significant increase in the sliding energy barrier for the case of intercalated heterostructure as compared with the unintercalated heterostructure.The sliding of the silicene encounters the maximum energy barrier of 0.14 eV.Anisotropic analysis shows the noteworthy differences between calculated in-plane and out-of-plane part of dielectric function.A variation of the planar average charge density difference,dipole charge transfer and dipole moment have been discussed to elucidate the usability spectrum of the heterostructure.The employed approach based on intercalation and layer sliding can be effectively utilized for obtaining next-generation multifunctional devices.展开更多
The integration of high-k dielectrics with two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors is a critical step towards high-performance nanoelectronics,which however remains challenging due to the high density of interface states an...The integration of high-k dielectrics with two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors is a critical step towards high-performance nanoelectronics,which however remains challenging due to the high density of interface states and the damage to the monolayer 2D semiconductors.In this study,we propose a selective hydrogenation strategy to improve the interface properties while the 2D semiconductors are not affected.Using the interface of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))and silicon nitride as an example,we show substantially improved interface properties for electronic applications after the interfacial hydrogenation,as evidenced by reduced inhomogeneous charge redistribution,increased band offset,and nearly intact electronic properties of MoS_(2).Importantly,this hydrogenation process selectively occurs only at the silicon nitride surface and is compatible with the current semiconductor fabrication process.We further show that this strategy is general and applicable to other interfaces between high-k dielectrics and 2D semiconductors such as hafnium dioxide(HfO_(2))on the monolayer MoS_(2).Our results demonstrate a simple yet viable way to improve the integration of high-k dielectrics on a broad range of 2D transition metal disulfide semiconductors,shedding light on practical electronic and optoelectronic applications.展开更多
In this work,the microstructure,failure behavior and interfacial properties with respective to the interfacial domain in SiCf/BN/SiC and C_(f)/PyC/SiC composites were studied via the fiber push-in test.The differences...In this work,the microstructure,failure behavior and interfacial properties with respective to the interfacial domain in SiCf/BN/SiC and C_(f)/PyC/SiC composites were studied via the fiber push-in test.The differences in the mechanical response of the interfacial domain were observed.During the fiber push-in test for SiCf/BN/SiC,the interface debonding accompanied with interphase fracture occurred,resulting in an obvious sign of the onset of debonding on loading-displacement(P-u)curves.While the good continuity of P-u curves can be observed for Cf/PyC/SiC,which is due to that the failure is in the form of interface debonding along with interphase lateral slipping caused by the extension of buckled carbon fiber,without any interphase fracture.The interfacial properties calculated from the fiber push-in test show that Cf/PyC/SiC possesses a weaker interfacial domain compared with SiC_(f)/BN/SiC.The interfacial shear stress of SiCf/BN/SiC and C_(f)/PyC/SiC composites amounts 94.2 and 48.1 MPa,respectively.展开更多
Although sulfide electrode materials in lithium battery systems have been intensively investigated due to their low-cost, high theoretical specific capacity, and energy density, there are few studies fousing on the ad...Although sulfide electrode materials in lithium battery systems have been intensively investigated due to their low-cost, high theoretical specific capacity, and energy density, there are few studies fousing on the adhesion properties, including the physical origin of hetero-coordination resolved interface relaxation, binding energy and the energetic behavior, and even the accurate quantitative information. In this paper, we present an approach for quantifying the interface adhesion properties of sulfide electrode materials resolved by the combination of bond order-length-strength theory(BOLS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), which has enabled clarification of the interface adhesion nature. The results show that the Cu 2p, Fe 2p, and S 2p electrons of Cu S and FeS_(2) compounds shift negatively due to the charge polarization of the conduction electrons of the heteroatoms, while Mo 3d, Sn 3d electrons of Mo S2 and Sn S2 and the C 1 s and S 2p electrons of CS compound shift positively due to the quantum trapping. It is noted that the exact interface adhesion energies of Cu S is 3.42 J m^(-2), which is consistent with the calculation result. The approach can not only clarify the origin of the interface adhesion properties of sulfide electrode materials,but also derive their quantification information from atomistic sites.展开更多
An innovative process of clad teeming was proposed to prepare slab ingot,which featured a built-in cold core to inhibit solidification defects.A 20-kg clad ingot was prepared in the experiment,using a volume ratio of ...An innovative process of clad teeming was proposed to prepare slab ingot,which featured a built-in cold core to inhibit solidification defects.A 20-kg clad ingot was prepared in the experiment,using a volume ratio of solid core to molten steel of 1:13 and a preheating temperature of cold core of 573 K.Solidification microstructures of the clad ingot were analyzed by comparing with a reference ingot without cold core.Interfacial morphologies and mechanical properties of the clad ingot were studied before and after hot rolling.The effect of cold core on heat transfer and nucleation during the solidification in clad ingot was analyzed.Results show that the solidification microstructures in the clad ingot are refined and homogenized obviously.The grain size in the center of the reference ingot is 2–3 times greater than that of clad ingot,and there is almost no columnar grain in the clad ingot.The interfacial shear strength reaches 318 MPa,which shows excellent metallurgical bonding at the interface of cold core and molten steel.Tiny defects at the interface are eliminated,and interfacial shear strength reaches 426 MPa after hot rolling with a 68.4%total reduction ratio.The experiment and analysis of this process are expected to provide a new idea to prepare large ingots with refinement and homogeneity at a low cost.展开更多
Lithium phosphorus oxygen nitrogen(LiPON)as solid electrolyte discovered by Bates et al in the 1990s is an important part of all-solid-state thin-film battery(ASSTFB)due to its wide electrochemical stability window an...Lithium phosphorus oxygen nitrogen(LiPON)as solid electrolyte discovered by Bates et al in the 1990s is an important part of all-solid-state thin-film battery(ASSTFB)due to its wide electrochemical stability window and negligible low electronic conductivity.However,the ionic conductivity of LiPON about 2×10^(−6) S cm^(−1) at room temperature is much lower than that of other types of solid electrolytes,which seriously limits the application of ASSTFBs.This review summarizes the research and progress in ASSTFBs based on LiPON,in the solid-state electrolyte of LiPON-derivatives with adjustable chemical compositions of the amorphous structure for the improvement of the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability,in the critical interface issues between LiPON and electrodes,and in preparation methods for LiPON.This review is helpful for people to understand the interface characteristics and various preparation methods of LiPON in ASSTFBs.The key issues to be addressed concern how to develop solid-state electrolyte films with high conductivity and high-quality interface engineering as well as large-scale preparation technology,so as to realize the practical application of highly integrated ASSTFBs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0308900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51574125)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.50321101917017)the Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering.
文摘Waste cooking oils and non-edible vegetable oils are abundant and renewable resources for bio-based materials which have showed great potential applications in many industries.In this study,five fatty acids commonly found in non-edible vegetable oils,including palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,ricinoleic acid,and their mixtures,were used to produce bio-based zwitterionic surfactants through a facile and high-yield chemical modification.These surfactants demonstrated excellent surface/interfacial properties with the minimum surface tensions ranging from 28.4 mN/m to 32.8 mN/m in aqueous solutions.The interfacial tensions between crude oil and surfactant solutions were remarkably reduced to lower values ranging from 0.0028 mN/m to 0.1983 mN/m without the aid of extra alkali,which particularly implied a great potential application in enhanced oil recovery.Meanwhile,these bio-based surfactants also showed good wetting properties(contact angles of~51°comparing with that of double distilled water,92.04°)and appropriate predicted biodegradability(degradation order of“weeks”for bio-based surfactants synthesized from saturated fatty acids,and“months”for those synthesized from unsaturated fatty acids).Bio-based surfactants synthesized from unsaturated fatty acids showed better interfacial properties in reducing interfacial tension between crude oil and formation water.The bio-based surfactants presented in this study are alternative substitutes for traditional petroleum-based surfactants in various surfactant application fields.
基金Supported by Key Scientific Research Projects of Anhui Province (No 05021026)
文摘The high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) with ethyl cellulose/cellulose acetate (EC/CA) blends and EC as column packing material, and small molecular weight compound as probe molecules was employed to measure the retention volume (VR) and equilibrium distribution coefficient (K) of both inorganic and organic solutes. The interfacial separation properties of EC/CA blends were characterized by the HPLC data. The effects of the blends on the interfacial adsorption properties, hydrophilicity, affinity, polar and non-polar parameters of EC membrane materials were studied subsequently. The research results indicate that the interfacial adsorption properties and hydrophilicity of EC have been improved by solution blending with CA. The alloys are superior to EC in the separation efficiency for non-dissociable polar organic solute. The EC/CA alloy (80:20, ω) is suitable for desalting and desaccharifying.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072193 and U22A20131)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2021JQ16 and ZR2019YQ19)+2 种基金the Project of Shan-dong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2019KJA026)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(Grant No.KF2217)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing(Grant No.AMGM2021F11).
文摘The interfacial property of carbon fiber(CF)reinforced composites is crucial to facilitate the application of high-strength composites.Utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bond properties of diazo resin,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(GO)could be quickly grafted onto the surface of the CF via the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.The results showed that CNTs and GO were uniformly coated onto the CF surface,and the chemical activity and roughness of the modified CF surface were improved signif-icantly.The modified CF surface can significantly augment the interaction between the epoxy resin and the fiber.Remarkably,due to the good interfacial property,the impact performance of the composites re-inforced with the nanomaterial-modified CF was improved obviously.In addition,the interface properties of the composites are studied in depth.This method is expected to achieve rapid surface modification of carbon fiber.
基金The financial support by State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
文摘Benzene alkylation catalyzed by immobilized ionic liquids(ILs)on solid carriers is considered as a heterogeneous reaction,in which the interfacial properties play an important role.Hence,the interfacial characteristics between benzene/1-dodecene mixture and immobilized chloroaluminate ILs with different alkyl chain length on the silica substrate were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.The grafted ILs can obviously promote the enrichment of benzene near the interface,leading to a higher ratio of benzene to dodecene,and the interfacial width increases slightly with increased alkyl chain of grafted cations.At the same time,the grafted cations can also enhance the benzene diffusion and suppress the dodecene diffusion at the interface,which probably helps to inhibit the inactivation of catalysts.This work provides deeply insights into the rational design of novel immo-bilized ILs catalysts for the benzene alkylation.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51673016)the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft matter Science and Engineering.
文摘It is a challenge to identify each phase in a multi-component polymer system and uniquely determine the interfacial properties between the different phases.Using atomic force microscopy nanomechanical mapping(AFM-NM)and AFM-based infrared spectroscopy(AFM-IR),we identify each phase,visualize structural developments,and determine the interfacial properties in a blend of three polymers:high-density polyethylene(HDPE),polyamide(PA6)and poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene)(SEBS).Each phase can be identified from the Young’s modulus,along with the structural development within the phases before and after compatibilization.The interfacial widths between HDPE/PA6,HDPE/SEBS and SEBS/PA6 were determined independently in one measurement from a Young’s modulus map.The structural,mechanical property development and identity of the phases were determined by AFM-NM,while AFM-IR,providing complementary chemical information,identified interfacial reactions,showed the chemical affinity of a compatibilizer with the component phases,and mapped the distribution of the compatibilizer in the ternary polymer blends.The chemical,structural and interfacial information obtained by these measurements provide information that is essential for producing mechanically robust materials from incompatible mixtures of polymers.
基金The authors extend a sincere acknowledge and appreciation for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21306216,and Grant No.31470609)。
文摘This paper examined different kinds of organic functional groups that were introduced onto the surface of nano TiO_(2) by surface modification with different types of zircoaluminate coupling agents.The modified nanoTiO_(2) products with different interfacial properties were obtained,and the impact of the interfacial properties of nanoTiO_(2) on the rheological behavior of paper coating and the properties of coated paper was systematically investigated.The steady shear rheological results showed that the paper coatings containing nano TiO_(2) exhibited a pseudoplastic fluid behavior,characterized as obvious shear thinning.Compared to the hydrophilic unmodified nano TiO_(2),modified nano TiO_(2) could contribute more to the viscosity of paper coatings.The study on the dynamic viscoelasticity revealed that,through the enhancing action among each component in paper coatings,the modified nano TiO_(2) with quaternary amine groups or carboxyl led to a higher dynamic elastic storage modulus and viscous loss modulus of paper coatings.In addition,SEM and AFM analyses indicated that adding modified nano TiO_(2) products in paper coating could improve the coating structure,thus ameliorating the optical properties and printability of coated paper.The results obtained could provide a good reference for the application of nano pigments in paper coating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21304097,21334007and 21674113)
文摘We use a Monte Carlo method to study the phase and interfacial behaviors of A-b-B diblocks in a blend of homopolymers, A and B, which are confined between two asymmetric hard and impenetrable walls. Our results show that, when the interaction strength is weak, the block copolymersare uniformly distributed in the ternary mixtures under considered concentrations. Under strong interaction strength, distribution region of the block copolymers changes from a single smooth interface to a curved interface or multi-layer interface in the ternary mixtures. Furthermore, our findings show that with increasing volume fraction of A-b-B diblock copolymer(фC), copolymer profiles broaden while фC≥ 0.4, a lamellar phase is formed and by further increasing фC, more thinner layers are observed. Moreover, the results show that, with the increase of фC, the phase interface first gradually transforms from plane to a curved surface rather than micelle or lamellar phase while with the increase of the interaction between A and B segments(ε_(AB)), the copolymer chains not only get stretched in the direction perpendicular to the interface, but also are oriented. The simulations also revealthat the difference between symmetric and asymmetric copolymers is negligible in statistics if the lengths of two blocksare comparable.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Program (PNK7480) of the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF2020M3H4A3105943)+1 种基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF2014R1A1A2059123)。
文摘This study shows that the mechanical strength of the composite of Fe matrix and titanium carbide(Ti C)ceramic particles is significantly enhanced with addition of molybdenum(Mo) atoms. Ti C reinforced Fe(Fe-0.2C-7Mn) composites with and without Mo were fabricated by a liquid pressing infiltration(LPI)process and the effect of Mo on interfacial properties of TiC–Fe composite was investigated using atomic probe tomography(APT) analysis, molecular dynamics(MD) simulations, first-principle density functional theory(DFT), and thermodynamic calculations. First, DFT calculations showed that total energies of the Mo-doped Ti C–Fe superlattices strongly depend on the position of Mo defects, and are minimized when the Mo atom is located at the TiC/Fe interface, supporting the probable formation of MoC-like interphase at the TiC/Fe interface region. Then, APT analysis confirmed the DFT predictions by finding that about6.5 wt.% Mo is incorporated in the Ti C–Fe(Mo) composite and that sub-micrometer thick(Ti,Mo)C interphase is indeed formed near the interface. The MD simulations show that Mo atoms migrate to the Mo-free TiC–Fe interface at elevated temperatures and the mechanical strength of the interface is considerably enhanced, which is in good agreement with experimental observations.
基金The financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1760202)Hunan Scientific Technology projects(2020WK2003)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘A comparison study on interfacial properties of a traditional fluorine-bearing(F-bearing)mold flux and a newly designed fluorine-free(F-free)mold flux to produce advanced high-strength steels(AHSSs)by compact strip production technology was conducted.The results showed that these two kinds of mold fluxes gradually spread out on the typical AHSS substrate when slags began to melt with the increase in heating temperature,and they had a good interfacial ability between the two mold fluxes and the AHSS substrate,and there was no other interfacial reaction except the oxidization of steel substrate by the mold fluxes.In comparison,the wettability of the designed F-free mold flux with the AHSS substrate was better than that of the F-bearing mold flux.The reason could be explained as the addition of B_(2)O_(3) would increase the complexity and polymerization degree of the melt structure and weaken the attractive force between the ions and ionic groups,then leading to a better wettability.Besides,B_(2)O_(3) is an effective flux,which can reduce the melting temperature obviously,and the surface tension of the liquid F-free mold flux would get reduced with the addition of B_(2)O_(3).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61176100,61274112 and 61404055
文摘The ZrTiON gate-dielectric GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS) capacitors with or without ZrAlON as the inter facial passivation layer(IPL) are fabricated and their properties are investigated. The experimental results show that the GaAs MOS capacitor with the ZrAlON IPL exhibits better interfacial and electrical properties,including lower interface-state density(1.14×10^(12) cm^(-2)eV^(-1)), smaller gate leakage current(6.82×10^(-5) A/cm^2 at V_(fb)+1 V), smaller capacitance equivalent thickness(1.5 nm), and larger k value(26). The involved mechanisms lie in the fact that the ZrAlON IPL can effectively block the diffusion of Ti and O towards the GaAs surface, thus suppressing the formation of interfacial Ga-/As-oxides and As-As dimers, which leads to improved interfacial and electrical properties for the devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672288,21975273)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DICP&QIBEBT No.UN201705)+1 种基金Scientific Research Cooperation Foundation of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyQingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(Project 2018183,2018186)。
文摘We report a simple and effective method to realize desirable interfacial property for inverted planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)by using small molecule ethanediamine for the construction of a novel polyelectrolyte hole transport material(P3CT-ED HTM).It is found that P3CT-ED can not only improve the hole transport property of P3CT-K but also improve the crystallinity of adjacent perovskite film.In addition,the introduction of ethanediamine into P3CT realigns the conduction and valence bands upwards,passivates surface defects and reduces nonradiative recombination.As a consequence,compared to P3CT-K hole transport layer(HTL)based devices,the average power conversion efficiency(PCE)is boosted from17.2% to 19.6% for the counterparts with P3CT-ED,with simultaneous enhancement in open circuit voltage and fill factor.The resultant device displays a champion PCE of 20.5% with negligible hysteresis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22002031)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No.LY18F010019)the Innovation Project in Hangzhou for Returned Scholar。
文摘The modulation of electrical properties of MoS_2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,interfacial charge transfer induced electronic property tuning of MoS_2 are investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.A downward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the decreasing work function,which are induced by the electron transfer from Cs overlayers to MoS_2,is observed after the functionalization of MoS_2 with Cs,leading to n-type doping.Meanwhile,when MoS_2 is modified with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F_4-TCNQ),an upward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the increasing work function is observed at the interfaces.This is attributed to the electron depletion within MoS_2 due to the strong electron withdrawing property of F_4-TCNQ,indicating p-type doping of MoS_2.Our findings reveal that surface transfer doping is an effective approach for electronic property tuning of MoS_2 and paves the way to optimize its performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
基金Project supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(No.2022R1A2C1004437)。
文摘The effective conductivity of graphene-based nanocomposites is suggested by the characteristics of polymer-filler interfacial areas as well as the contact resistance between the neighboring nanosheets.The interfacial properties are expressed by the effective levels of the inverse aspect ratio and the filler volume fraction.Moreover,the resistances of components in the contact regions are used to define the contact resistance,which inversely affects the effective conductivity.The obtained model is utilized to predict the effective conductivity for some examples.The discrepancy of the effective conductivity at various ranks of all factors is clarified.The interfacial conductivity directly controls the effective conductivity,while the filler conductivity plays a dissimilar role in the effective conductivity,due to the incomplete interfacial adhesion.A high operative conductivity is also achieved by small contact distances and high interfacial properties.Additionally,big contact diameters and little tunnel resistivity decrease the contact resistance,thus enhancing the effective conductivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2002216,52172261,51627803,51972332,22075150,and U1902218)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFE0118100)。
文摘Photo-generated carrier recombination loss at the CZTSSe/Cd S front interface is a key issue to the opencircuit voltage(V_(OC)) deficit of Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(x)Se_(4-x)(CZTSSe) solar cells. Here, by the aid of an easy-handling spin-coating method, a thin PCBM([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) layer as an electron extraction layer has been introduced on the top of CdS buffer layer to modify CZTSSe/CdS/ZnO-ITO(In_(2)O_(3):Sn) interfacial properties. Based on Sn^(4+)/DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide) solution system, a totalarea efficiency of 12.87% with a VOC of 529 m V has been achieved. A comprehensive investigation on the influence of PCBM layer on carrier extraction, transportation and recombination processes has been carried out. It is found that the PCBM layer can smooth over the Cd S film roughness, thus beneficial for a dense and flat window layer. Furthermore, this CZTSSe/Cd S/PCBM heterostructure can accelerate carrier separation and extraction and block holes from the front interface as well, which is mainly ascribed to the downward band bending of the absorber and a widened space charge region. Our work provides a feasible way to improve the front interfacial property and the cell performance of CZTSSe solar cells by the aid of organic interfacial materials.
文摘Methods capable of tuning the properties of van der Waals(vdW)layered materials in a controlled and reversible manner are highly desirable.Interfacial electronic properties of two-dimensional vdW heterostructure consisting of silicene and indium selenide(InSe)have been calculated using density functional theory-based computational code.Furthermore,in order to vary the aforementioned properties,silicene is slid over a InSe layer in the presence of Li intercalation.On intercalation of the heterostructure,the buckling parameter associated with the corrugation of silicene decreases from 0.44A to 0.36A,whereas the InSe structure remains unaffected.Potential energy scans reveal a significant increase in the sliding energy barrier for the case of intercalated heterostructure as compared with the unintercalated heterostructure.The sliding of the silicene encounters the maximum energy barrier of 0.14 eV.Anisotropic analysis shows the noteworthy differences between calculated in-plane and out-of-plane part of dielectric function.A variation of the planar average charge density difference,dipole charge transfer and dipole moment have been discussed to elucidate the usability spectrum of the heterostructure.The employed approach based on intercalation and layer sliding can be effectively utilized for obtaining next-generation multifunctional devices.
基金M.Y.acknowledges the funding support(Nos:1-BE47 and ZE2F)from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
文摘The integration of high-k dielectrics with two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors is a critical step towards high-performance nanoelectronics,which however remains challenging due to the high density of interface states and the damage to the monolayer 2D semiconductors.In this study,we propose a selective hydrogenation strategy to improve the interface properties while the 2D semiconductors are not affected.Using the interface of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))and silicon nitride as an example,we show substantially improved interface properties for electronic applications after the interfacial hydrogenation,as evidenced by reduced inhomogeneous charge redistribution,increased band offset,and nearly intact electronic properties of MoS_(2).Importantly,this hydrogenation process selectively occurs only at the silicon nitride surface and is compatible with the current semiconductor fabrication process.We further show that this strategy is general and applicable to other interfaces between high-k dielectrics and 2D semiconductors such as hafnium dioxide(HfO_(2))on the monolayer MoS_(2).Our results demonstrate a simple yet viable way to improve the integration of high-k dielectrics on a broad range of 2D transition metal disulfide semiconductors,shedding light on practical electronic and optoelectronic applications.
基金the support of IMDEA Materials Institute of Spainsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.52072303 and 51821091)。
文摘In this work,the microstructure,failure behavior and interfacial properties with respective to the interfacial domain in SiCf/BN/SiC and C_(f)/PyC/SiC composites were studied via the fiber push-in test.The differences in the mechanical response of the interfacial domain were observed.During the fiber push-in test for SiCf/BN/SiC,the interface debonding accompanied with interphase fracture occurred,resulting in an obvious sign of the onset of debonding on loading-displacement(P-u)curves.While the good continuity of P-u curves can be observed for Cf/PyC/SiC,which is due to that the failure is in the form of interface debonding along with interphase lateral slipping caused by the extension of buckled carbon fiber,without any interphase fracture.The interfacial properties calculated from the fiber push-in test show that Cf/PyC/SiC possesses a weaker interfacial domain compared with SiC_(f)/BN/SiC.The interfacial shear stress of SiCf/BN/SiC and C_(f)/PyC/SiC composites amounts 94.2 and 48.1 MPa,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11972157 and 11872054)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos. 2020JJ2026 and 2021JJ30643)。
文摘Although sulfide electrode materials in lithium battery systems have been intensively investigated due to their low-cost, high theoretical specific capacity, and energy density, there are few studies fousing on the adhesion properties, including the physical origin of hetero-coordination resolved interface relaxation, binding energy and the energetic behavior, and even the accurate quantitative information. In this paper, we present an approach for quantifying the interface adhesion properties of sulfide electrode materials resolved by the combination of bond order-length-strength theory(BOLS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), which has enabled clarification of the interface adhesion nature. The results show that the Cu 2p, Fe 2p, and S 2p electrons of Cu S and FeS_(2) compounds shift negatively due to the charge polarization of the conduction electrons of the heteroatoms, while Mo 3d, Sn 3d electrons of Mo S2 and Sn S2 and the C 1 s and S 2p electrons of CS compound shift positively due to the quantum trapping. It is noted that the exact interface adhesion energies of Cu S is 3.42 J m^(-2), which is consistent with the calculation result. The approach can not only clarify the origin of the interface adhesion properties of sulfide electrode materials,but also derive their quantification information from atomistic sites.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51974156 and 51974153)Key Laboratory of Sea Industry Steel Ansteel(Grant No.SKLMEA-USTL-201702).
文摘An innovative process of clad teeming was proposed to prepare slab ingot,which featured a built-in cold core to inhibit solidification defects.A 20-kg clad ingot was prepared in the experiment,using a volume ratio of solid core to molten steel of 1:13 and a preheating temperature of cold core of 573 K.Solidification microstructures of the clad ingot were analyzed by comparing with a reference ingot without cold core.Interfacial morphologies and mechanical properties of the clad ingot were studied before and after hot rolling.The effect of cold core on heat transfer and nucleation during the solidification in clad ingot was analyzed.Results show that the solidification microstructures in the clad ingot are refined and homogenized obviously.The grain size in the center of the reference ingot is 2–3 times greater than that of clad ingot,and there is almost no columnar grain in the clad ingot.The interfacial shear strength reaches 318 MPa,which shows excellent metallurgical bonding at the interface of cold core and molten steel.Tiny defects at the interface are eliminated,and interfacial shear strength reaches 426 MPa after hot rolling with a 68.4%total reduction ratio.The experiment and analysis of this process are expected to provide a new idea to prepare large ingots with refinement and homogeneity at a low cost.
基金financially supported by the NSAF(Grant No.U20A20336)Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Scientist Studio Program[No.TIES-SS0002].
文摘Lithium phosphorus oxygen nitrogen(LiPON)as solid electrolyte discovered by Bates et al in the 1990s is an important part of all-solid-state thin-film battery(ASSTFB)due to its wide electrochemical stability window and negligible low electronic conductivity.However,the ionic conductivity of LiPON about 2×10^(−6) S cm^(−1) at room temperature is much lower than that of other types of solid electrolytes,which seriously limits the application of ASSTFBs.This review summarizes the research and progress in ASSTFBs based on LiPON,in the solid-state electrolyte of LiPON-derivatives with adjustable chemical compositions of the amorphous structure for the improvement of the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability,in the critical interface issues between LiPON and electrodes,and in preparation methods for LiPON.This review is helpful for people to understand the interface characteristics and various preparation methods of LiPON in ASSTFBs.The key issues to be addressed concern how to develop solid-state electrolyte films with high conductivity and high-quality interface engineering as well as large-scale preparation technology,so as to realize the practical application of highly integrated ASSTFBs.
