The increase of human population generates the need to improve the efficiency of food production. A thorough planning is required following the scope of economic and sustainable development, being irrigation a basic t...The increase of human population generates the need to improve the efficiency of food production. A thorough planning is required following the scope of economic and sustainable development, being irrigation a basic tool, however water availability is restricted and it obliges farmers to progress increasing water productivity. Irrigation uses around 70% of total available fresh water, while irrigation water application efficiency is around 40%. Irrigation systems must follow strong criteria at the design stage to achieve high values of water productivity. Maintenance is indispensable to follow the original functioning level of those systems. At last the daily precise management of systems, following soil water potential, considering the effective rain storage at root depth of the crop and the evolution of daily evapotranspiration, preserving natural resources, are relevant to achieve low values of water footprint of this crop. In an 8 year drip irrigation system, the Uniformity Coefficient of Christiansen (UCC) measured was 95.14%;the Uniform Coefficient of the Minor Quart (UCMQ) was 93.16%. The Total Distribution Efficiency (EDT) was 95.13% when measurements finished while the irrigation systems is of. When measurements also considered the volume collected during the “recession phase in drip irrigation” and the “volume of water collected during recession phase in drip irrigation” collected at different points, EDT was 95.13%. Moreover it can be seen that when three different typical soil of the area were considered, the EDT was, 91.85%, 91.47% and 90.30% respectively, according with different water storage capacity of each soil. The Total Distribution Efficient is a strong method, to evaluate the design and management of drip irrigation systems, under different design criteria, management practices and maintenance of the systems. Water footprint in a blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) crop with drip and sprinkler anti-frost system, were measure and values obtained were 846, 310, 223, 212, 172 and 218 liters per kg of fresh fruit in the period 2010-2015. The UCC and the UCMQ reflects properly the irrigation design, while the EDT reflects irrigation design, management and maintenance. Water footprint is at last the strong tool to evaluate design and operation of the irrigation system and crop management.展开更多
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters of the sprinkler Super 10, manufactured by NaanDanJain, with green, yellow and blue nozzles on the hydraulic characterization, so that this information ca...The study aimed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters of the sprinkler Super 10, manufactured by NaanDanJain, with green, yellow and blue nozzles on the hydraulic characterization, so that this information can contribute to a better dimensioning of systems and management of irrigated areas. For the determination of UC and UD the radial method was used and with the aid of computer application CATCH 3D the overlapping of water slides with ten spacings was calculated. The results demonstrate that the mechanism used for the fractionation of the water jet of sprinkler Super 10 is efficient because it presented good uniformity of water distribution and low amplitude of precipitation. For high uniformity of distribution of water in the larger wetting radii, it is recommended to work with Super 10 sprinkler using the green nozzle, with a pressure of 40 mH2O and spacing between sprinklers and lateral lines 12 × 12 m.展开更多
文摘The increase of human population generates the need to improve the efficiency of food production. A thorough planning is required following the scope of economic and sustainable development, being irrigation a basic tool, however water availability is restricted and it obliges farmers to progress increasing water productivity. Irrigation uses around 70% of total available fresh water, while irrigation water application efficiency is around 40%. Irrigation systems must follow strong criteria at the design stage to achieve high values of water productivity. Maintenance is indispensable to follow the original functioning level of those systems. At last the daily precise management of systems, following soil water potential, considering the effective rain storage at root depth of the crop and the evolution of daily evapotranspiration, preserving natural resources, are relevant to achieve low values of water footprint of this crop. In an 8 year drip irrigation system, the Uniformity Coefficient of Christiansen (UCC) measured was 95.14%;the Uniform Coefficient of the Minor Quart (UCMQ) was 93.16%. The Total Distribution Efficiency (EDT) was 95.13% when measurements finished while the irrigation systems is of. When measurements also considered the volume collected during the “recession phase in drip irrigation” and the “volume of water collected during recession phase in drip irrigation” collected at different points, EDT was 95.13%. Moreover it can be seen that when three different typical soil of the area were considered, the EDT was, 91.85%, 91.47% and 90.30% respectively, according with different water storage capacity of each soil. The Total Distribution Efficient is a strong method, to evaluate the design and management of drip irrigation systems, under different design criteria, management practices and maintenance of the systems. Water footprint in a blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) crop with drip and sprinkler anti-frost system, were measure and values obtained were 846, 310, 223, 212, 172 and 218 liters per kg of fresh fruit in the period 2010-2015. The UCC and the UCMQ reflects properly the irrigation design, while the EDT reflects irrigation design, management and maintenance. Water footprint is at last the strong tool to evaluate design and operation of the irrigation system and crop management.
文摘The study aimed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters of the sprinkler Super 10, manufactured by NaanDanJain, with green, yellow and blue nozzles on the hydraulic characterization, so that this information can contribute to a better dimensioning of systems and management of irrigated areas. For the determination of UC and UD the radial method was used and with the aid of computer application CATCH 3D the overlapping of water slides with ten spacings was calculated. The results demonstrate that the mechanism used for the fractionation of the water jet of sprinkler Super 10 is efficient because it presented good uniformity of water distribution and low amplitude of precipitation. For high uniformity of distribution of water in the larger wetting radii, it is recommended to work with Super 10 sprinkler using the green nozzle, with a pressure of 40 mH2O and spacing between sprinklers and lateral lines 12 × 12 m.
