Generally, super Brownian motion will not c on verge vaguely to 0 if the initial measure is sufficiet large, so it is very inte resting to get asymptotic estimation for super Brownian motion. In this paper, w e will p...Generally, super Brownian motion will not c on verge vaguely to 0 if the initial measure is sufficiet large, so it is very inte resting to get asymptotic estimation for super Brownian motion. In this paper, w e will prove two asymptotic for super Brownian motion with general critical bran ching mechanism.展开更多
随着敏感负荷在电网中所占比重的增加,电力用户对电能质量的要求越来越高,电压暂升对敏感负荷的影响不容忽视。考虑电压暂升幅值和持续时间对敏感负荷的影响,基于信息技术工业协会(information technology industry council, ITIC)电压...随着敏感负荷在电网中所占比重的增加,电力用户对电能质量的要求越来越高,电压暂升对敏感负荷的影响不容忽视。考虑电压暂升幅值和持续时间对敏感负荷的影响,基于信息技术工业协会(information technology industry council, ITIC)电压暂升耐受曲线特点以及逻辑斯蒂函数单调性和连续性,利用耐受曲线的关键点确定电压暂升幅值和持续时间影响度对应的控制变量,从而提出一种基于敏感负荷的电压暂升影响度评估方法。在算例中考虑继电保护配置方式以及电网结构与故障位置对电压暂升持续时间的影响,设置不同场景并采用所提方法对敏感负荷的电压暂升影响程度进行评估,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性,为敏感负荷的电压暂升评估和治理提供指导。展开更多
A new benzodithiophene （BDT）-alt-fluorobenzotriazole （FBTA） D-A copolymer J40 was designed and synthesized by introducing 2-octyldodecyloxy side chains on its BDT units, for expanding the family of the BDT- alt-FB...A new benzodithiophene （BDT）-alt-fluorobenzotriazole （FBTA） D-A copolymer J40 was designed and synthesized by introducing 2-octyldodecyloxy side chains on its BDT units, for expanding the family of the BDT- alt-FBTA-based copolymers and investigating the side chain effect on the photovoltaic performance of the polymer in non-fullerene polymer solar cells （PSCs）. J40 exhibits complementary absorption spectra and matched electronic energy levels with the n-type organic semiconductor （n-OS） （3,9-bis（2-methylene-（3-（1,1-dicyanomethylene）-indanone））-5,5,11,11-tetrakis（4-hexylphenyl）-dithieno[2,3-d：2＇,3＇-d＇]-s- indaceno[1,2-b：5,6-b＇]dithiophene） （ITIC） acceptor, and was used as polymer donor in the non-fullerene PSCs with ITIC as acceptor. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of the PSCs based on J40：ITIC （1：1, w/w） with thermal annealing at 120 ~C for l0 min reached 6.48% with a higher open-circuit voltage （Voc） of 0.89 V. The high Voc of the PSCs is benefitted from the lower-lying highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） energy level of J40. Although the photovoltaic performance of the polymer J40 with alkoxy side chain is lower than that of J60 and J61 with alkylthio-thienyl conjugated side chains, the PCE of 6.48% for the J40-based device is still a relatively higher photovoltaic efficiency in the non-fullerene PSCs reported so far. The results indicate that the family of the BDT-alt-FBTA-based D-A copolymers are high performance polymer donor materials for non-fullerene PSCs and the side chain engineering plays an important role in the design of high performance polymer donors in the non-fullerene PSCs.展开更多
文摘Generally, super Brownian motion will not c on verge vaguely to 0 if the initial measure is sufficiet large, so it is very inte resting to get asymptotic estimation for super Brownian motion. In this paper, w e will prove two asymptotic for super Brownian motion with general critical bran ching mechanism.
文摘随着敏感负荷在电网中所占比重的增加,电力用户对电能质量的要求越来越高,电压暂升对敏感负荷的影响不容忽视。考虑电压暂升幅值和持续时间对敏感负荷的影响,基于信息技术工业协会(information technology industry council, ITIC)电压暂升耐受曲线特点以及逻辑斯蒂函数单调性和连续性,利用耐受曲线的关键点确定电压暂升幅值和持续时间影响度对应的控制变量,从而提出一种基于敏感负荷的电压暂升影响度评估方法。在算例中考虑继电保护配置方式以及电网结构与故障位置对电压暂升持续时间的影响,设置不同场景并采用所提方法对敏感负荷的电压暂升影响程度进行评估,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性,为敏感负荷的电压暂升评估和治理提供指导。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB643501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91433117,91333204,21374124)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB12030200)
文摘A new benzodithiophene （BDT）-alt-fluorobenzotriazole （FBTA） D-A copolymer J40 was designed and synthesized by introducing 2-octyldodecyloxy side chains on its BDT units, for expanding the family of the BDT- alt-FBTA-based copolymers and investigating the side chain effect on the photovoltaic performance of the polymer in non-fullerene polymer solar cells （PSCs）. J40 exhibits complementary absorption spectra and matched electronic energy levels with the n-type organic semiconductor （n-OS） （3,9-bis（2-methylene-（3-（1,1-dicyanomethylene）-indanone））-5,5,11,11-tetrakis（4-hexylphenyl）-dithieno[2,3-d：2＇,3＇-d＇]-s- indaceno[1,2-b：5,6-b＇]dithiophene） （ITIC） acceptor, and was used as polymer donor in the non-fullerene PSCs with ITIC as acceptor. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of the PSCs based on J40：ITIC （1：1, w/w） with thermal annealing at 120 ~C for l0 min reached 6.48% with a higher open-circuit voltage （Voc） of 0.89 V. The high Voc of the PSCs is benefitted from the lower-lying highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） energy level of J40. Although the photovoltaic performance of the polymer J40 with alkoxy side chain is lower than that of J60 and J61 with alkylthio-thienyl conjugated side chains, the PCE of 6.48% for the J40-based device is still a relatively higher photovoltaic efficiency in the non-fullerene PSCs reported so far. The results indicate that the family of the BDT-alt-FBTA-based D-A copolymers are high performance polymer donor materials for non-fullerene PSCs and the side chain engineering plays an important role in the design of high performance polymer donors in the non-fullerene PSCs.
