Along with the progress of economic globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative,there is a great need for international talents with global vision,knowledge of international rules and regulations,English language p...Along with the progress of economic globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative,there is a great need for international talents with global vision,knowledge of international rules and regulations,English language proficiency,and the ability to participate in international affairs and competitions.Through text analysis and interviews,this study collects typical English language use tasks in the workplace,and uses questionnaires to investigate the importance and difficulty of different tasks for English language users in different industries,positions and ranks,hence providing references for the design of English training and assessment tasks for international talents.展开更多
The politeness ranking is thought to be one of the features of the Politeness Principle (PP) (He Ziran 1988 P. 102). In the views of Leech, Brown and Levinsodn, speakers, when obeying the PP may choose appropriate pol...The politeness ranking is thought to be one of the features of the Politeness Principle (PP) (He Ziran 1988 P. 102). In the views of Leech, Brown and Levinsodn, speakers, when obeying the PP may choose appropriate politeness ranking according to contextual factors——social distance and status,age,sex,the ranking of impositions, the formality of the occasion and so on and the extent that a given act benefits or costs the addressee in a given situation.展开更多
Winds stampeding the fields (Ted Hughes) (1) He sang his didn’t he danced his did (E. E. Cummings) (2) Now as I was young and easy under the apple boughs About the lilting house and happy as the grass was green (Dyla...Winds stampeding the fields (Ted Hughes) (1) He sang his didn’t he danced his did (E. E. Cummings) (2) Now as I was young and easy under the apple boughs About the lilting house and happy as the grass was green (Dylan Thomas) (3) That spanieled me heels,to whom I gave their wishes. (William Shakespeare, Anthony展开更多
Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study a...Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study aims to uncover the facilitative role of the cross-lingual strategy in foreign language instruction by theorizing experienced language teachers＇ practice. To this end, some experienced teachers were selected in line with the sampling procedures of Grounded Theory from famous English language institutes of Tehran, the capital city of lran. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that first language use can be differentiated based on learners＇ level of proficiency. For the beginners, it can be used to present classroom management rules, provide learners with the necessary classroom language and establish rapport. Similarly, at intermediate level LI can be used to check mastery over the teaching points, give vocabulary equivalents, and explain writing rules. As for advanced learners, it can be used to explain the subtleties of grammar and provide learners with ideas to participate in classroom discussion and text processing.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate college students’ use of impoliteness expressions in WeChat diction and what factors influence college students’ use of impoliteness expressions. In-depth interview was u...The purpose of this study was to investigate college students’ use of impoliteness expressions in WeChat diction and what factors influence college students’ use of impoliteness expressions. In-depth interview was used. The chatting records of a large WeChat group with 134 members—Hubin 12 Housings’ 2021 graduate Management group in a comprehensive university in Wuhan in the latest month were analyzed. 10 college students who were members of that WeChat group were interviewed. The interview was related to their inner activities when using impoliteness expressions and what factors could influence their use of impoliteness expressions. The results showed that college students were more likely to use motivated impoliteness, informational impoliteness and strategic impoliteness. College students’ use of impoliteness expressions were influenced by gender, social status and the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The paper could provide a new study area for researchers. It will attract researchers’ attention on the use of impolite language, especially among different roles of people in society.展开更多
If one considers the number of language learners that are worldwide,the number of classroom-based language assessments(CBLAs)that are given each year,and the number of decisions that are made on the basis of these,it ...If one considers the number of language learners that are worldwide,the number of classroom-based language assessments(CBLAs)that are given each year,and the number of decisions that are made on the basis of these,it is obvious that in terms of sheer numbers,more students are affected by CBLAs per year than by those based on large-scale language assessments.Because of this,it is essential that classroom teachers have the knowledge,skills,and tools to enable them to develop and use CBLAs that they can justify to stakeholders,e.g.,students,parents,and school authorities.In this paper we describe the approach to CBLAs that we have developed.First,we discuss the role of assessment in teaching and learning,the kinds of decisions that classroom teachers need to make,and the different modes of CBLAs.We then describe the process of using CBLAs to help teachers make decisions that will have beneficial consequences.Next,we discuss fairness and accountability in assessment and the process of assessment justification,including an assessment use argument.Finally,we discuss the process of developing CBLAs,using an example of a classroom-based language assessment to illustrate this.展开更多
French,the language then spread in a wide range,stands in the breach and become one of the main sources of the foreign fea-tures in English.Nevertheless,the process by which English underwent the influence from French...French,the language then spread in a wide range,stands in the breach and become one of the main sources of the foreign fea-tures in English.Nevertheless,the process by which English underwent the influence from French cannot have been comparable withthat which led to the majority of Scandinavian addition,because the contacts between English and French was limited onto several as-pects.This essay aims to find out the main influence French brought to Middle English during the period of c.1100-c.1400 on everycontext.展开更多
This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis （as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012）. T...This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis （as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012）. The ＂bi-literacy and tri-lingualism language policy＂ of Hong Kong is discussed. The use of the three language varieties, namely Cantonese, English and Mandarin are discussed in relation to Hong Kong people＇s proclaimed cultural identity. The emergence of mixed code （juxtaposing English into Cantonese utterances） also marks the link between language and proclaimed cultural identity. With the several social issues happened in Hong Kong 2010-2012, Hong Kong citizens＇ sense of belonging with an ethnic Hong Kong identity reached the highest according to the Public Opinion Program launched by one of the universities in Hong Kong. Language use in one of the recent television drama series magnifies the issue of ＂Hongkongness＂ which is closely linked to the use of Cantonese and mixed code.展开更多
Project-based learning （PBL） as an instructional approach focuses on student-centeredness through contextualizing learning by presenting students with real world issues and practices that aim at achieving enduring l...Project-based learning （PBL） as an instructional approach focuses on student-centeredness through contextualizing learning by presenting students with real world issues and practices that aim at achieving enduring learning effects. As a challenge to traditional lecture-based instruction, PBL may generate positive backwash assessment effects via documenting the process of developing authentic language skills. These skills-oriented outcomes are achieved through proper curricula in appropriate learning situations via various dimensions. However, problems may occur such as management, pressure from administration, evaluation doing their selected projects. teacher/student attitude, class size and proper group process and criteria, and students＇ likely frustrations in展开更多
The taxonomies of learner strategies and classification of communication strategies is reviewed; the role of communication strategies in language use and learning is discussed, with a critical appraisal included. Sugg...The taxonomies of learner strategies and classification of communication strategies is reviewed; the role of communication strategies in language use and learning is discussed, with a critical appraisal included. Suggestions to avoid the problems arising from the limitations of the use of communication strategies was given for students of English learning in Chinese polytechnic colleges.展开更多
The use of native language in EFL teaching is very common. Although teachers avoid using it, the native language, however, is sometimes quite necessary in practical language teaching. In this paper, the authors invest...The use of native language in EFL teaching is very common. Although teachers avoid using it, the native language, however, is sometimes quite necessary in practical language teaching. In this paper, the authors investigate the use of native language （Chinese） by two teachers in English classroom, analyze and interpret the functions of Chinese in detail. We argue that far from being viewed as a random activity, use of native language can be seen as a purposeful activity.展开更多
The teaching of grammar has received increasing attention in recent language teaching and learning literature. The major argument lies in teaching grammar as product or as process. Teaching grammar as product focuses ...The teaching of grammar has received increasing attention in recent language teaching and learning literature. The major argument lies in teaching grammar as product or as process. Teaching grammar as product focuses on giving learners a clear and explicit framework about the language; while teaching grammar as a process emphasizes the use of language by the learner. This paper gives a brief introduction of teaching grammar as product and as process and points out that language teachers can choose the more appropriate approach of them in the specific context.展开更多
This paper argues for the need for authentic listening materials in the ELT classroom in China,discussing the selection of those materials,and their adaptation for classroom use,whilst outlinig theirconstraints.
This study seeks to explore a more practical way to acquire fluency in English. Against the normal concept of 'accuracy' and 'fluency', it offers a new insight into fluency to assist English learners t...This study seeks to explore a more practical way to acquire fluency in English. Against the normal concept of 'accuracy' and 'fluency', it offers a new insight into fluency to assist English learners to operate in the English language the same way as in their mother-tongue languages. The author suggests teaching lexical phrases whilst expecting the active use of language to reach what Brumfit calls 'natural language use' and provides a new remedy for the so-called 'deaf-mute' English learning situation in China.展开更多
基金funded by China Language Assessment project“Survey of Typical Tasks across Jobs for International Talents”(Project No.:ZGWYCPJJ2018002A).Email:zhengcl@fltrp.com。
文摘Along with the progress of economic globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative,there is a great need for international talents with global vision,knowledge of international rules and regulations,English language proficiency,and the ability to participate in international affairs and competitions.Through text analysis and interviews,this study collects typical English language use tasks in the workplace,and uses questionnaires to investigate the importance and difficulty of different tasks for English language users in different industries,positions and ranks,hence providing references for the design of English training and assessment tasks for international talents.
文摘The politeness ranking is thought to be one of the features of the Politeness Principle (PP) (He Ziran 1988 P. 102). In the views of Leech, Brown and Levinsodn, speakers, when obeying the PP may choose appropriate politeness ranking according to contextual factors——social distance and status,age,sex,the ranking of impositions, the formality of the occasion and so on and the extent that a given act benefits or costs the addressee in a given situation.
文摘Winds stampeding the fields (Ted Hughes) (1) He sang his didn’t he danced his did (E. E. Cummings) (2) Now as I was young and easy under the apple boughs About the lilting house and happy as the grass was green (Dylan Thomas) (3) That spanieled me heels,to whom I gave their wishes. (William Shakespeare, Anthony
文摘Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study aims to uncover the facilitative role of the cross-lingual strategy in foreign language instruction by theorizing experienced language teachers＇ practice. To this end, some experienced teachers were selected in line with the sampling procedures of Grounded Theory from famous English language institutes of Tehran, the capital city of lran. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that first language use can be differentiated based on learners＇ level of proficiency. For the beginners, it can be used to present classroom management rules, provide learners with the necessary classroom language and establish rapport. Similarly, at intermediate level LI can be used to check mastery over the teaching points, give vocabulary equivalents, and explain writing rules. As for advanced learners, it can be used to explain the subtleties of grammar and provide learners with ideas to participate in classroom discussion and text processing.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate college students’ use of impoliteness expressions in WeChat diction and what factors influence college students’ use of impoliteness expressions. In-depth interview was used. The chatting records of a large WeChat group with 134 members—Hubin 12 Housings’ 2021 graduate Management group in a comprehensive university in Wuhan in the latest month were analyzed. 10 college students who were members of that WeChat group were interviewed. The interview was related to their inner activities when using impoliteness expressions and what factors could influence their use of impoliteness expressions. The results showed that college students were more likely to use motivated impoliteness, informational impoliteness and strategic impoliteness. College students’ use of impoliteness expressions were influenced by gender, social status and the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The paper could provide a new study area for researchers. It will attract researchers’ attention on the use of impolite language, especially among different roles of people in society.
文摘If one considers the number of language learners that are worldwide,the number of classroom-based language assessments(CBLAs)that are given each year,and the number of decisions that are made on the basis of these,it is obvious that in terms of sheer numbers,more students are affected by CBLAs per year than by those based on large-scale language assessments.Because of this,it is essential that classroom teachers have the knowledge,skills,and tools to enable them to develop and use CBLAs that they can justify to stakeholders,e.g.,students,parents,and school authorities.In this paper we describe the approach to CBLAs that we have developed.First,we discuss the role of assessment in teaching and learning,the kinds of decisions that classroom teachers need to make,and the different modes of CBLAs.We then describe the process of using CBLAs to help teachers make decisions that will have beneficial consequences.Next,we discuss fairness and accountability in assessment and the process of assessment justification,including an assessment use argument.Finally,we discuss the process of developing CBLAs,using an example of a classroom-based language assessment to illustrate this.
文摘French,the language then spread in a wide range,stands in the breach and become one of the main sources of the foreign fea-tures in English.Nevertheless,the process by which English underwent the influence from French cannot have been comparable withthat which led to the majority of Scandinavian addition,because the contacts between English and French was limited onto several as-pects.This essay aims to find out the main influence French brought to Middle English during the period of c.1100-c.1400 on everycontext.
文摘This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis （as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012）. The ＂bi-literacy and tri-lingualism language policy＂ of Hong Kong is discussed. The use of the three language varieties, namely Cantonese, English and Mandarin are discussed in relation to Hong Kong people＇s proclaimed cultural identity. The emergence of mixed code （juxtaposing English into Cantonese utterances） also marks the link between language and proclaimed cultural identity. With the several social issues happened in Hong Kong 2010-2012, Hong Kong citizens＇ sense of belonging with an ethnic Hong Kong identity reached the highest according to the Public Opinion Program launched by one of the universities in Hong Kong. Language use in one of the recent television drama series magnifies the issue of ＂Hongkongness＂ which is closely linked to the use of Cantonese and mixed code.
文摘Project-based learning （PBL） as an instructional approach focuses on student-centeredness through contextualizing learning by presenting students with real world issues and practices that aim at achieving enduring learning effects. As a challenge to traditional lecture-based instruction, PBL may generate positive backwash assessment effects via documenting the process of developing authentic language skills. These skills-oriented outcomes are achieved through proper curricula in appropriate learning situations via various dimensions. However, problems may occur such as management, pressure from administration, evaluation doing their selected projects. teacher/student attitude, class size and proper group process and criteria, and students＇ likely frustrations in
文摘The taxonomies of learner strategies and classification of communication strategies is reviewed; the role of communication strategies in language use and learning is discussed, with a critical appraisal included. Suggestions to avoid the problems arising from the limitations of the use of communication strategies was given for students of English learning in Chinese polytechnic colleges.
文摘The use of native language in EFL teaching is very common. Although teachers avoid using it, the native language, however, is sometimes quite necessary in practical language teaching. In this paper, the authors investigate the use of native language （Chinese） by two teachers in English classroom, analyze and interpret the functions of Chinese in detail. We argue that far from being viewed as a random activity, use of native language can be seen as a purposeful activity.
文摘The teaching of grammar has received increasing attention in recent language teaching and learning literature. The major argument lies in teaching grammar as product or as process. Teaching grammar as product focuses on giving learners a clear and explicit framework about the language; while teaching grammar as a process emphasizes the use of language by the learner. This paper gives a brief introduction of teaching grammar as product and as process and points out that language teachers can choose the more appropriate approach of them in the specific context.
文摘This paper argues for the need for authentic listening materials in the ELT classroom in China,discussing the selection of those materials,and their adaptation for classroom use,whilst outlinig theirconstraints.
文摘This study seeks to explore a more practical way to acquire fluency in English. Against the normal concept of 'accuracy' and 'fluency', it offers a new insight into fluency to assist English learners to operate in the English language the same way as in their mother-tongue languages. The author suggests teaching lexical phrases whilst expecting the active use of language to reach what Brumfit calls 'natural language use' and provides a new remedy for the so-called 'deaf-mute' English learning situation in China.
