In order to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine in the treatment and prognosis of laryngeal cancer in China, the meta-analysis electronically retrieved the case-control studies published in China about the Su...In order to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine in the treatment and prognosis of laryngeal cancer in China, the meta-analysis electronically retrieved the case-control studies published in China about the Survivin expression and its association with clinical pathological features in the tissues of laryngeal carcinoma. The results showed that a total of 25 case-control studies were finally included with 1333 cases of laryngeal cancer and 528 cases of controls. The difference in the expression of Survivin between the two groups was statistically significant [OR=18.34, 95% CI(11.82, 28.47), P<0.00001]. The difference in the expression of Survivin between laryngeal carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis or not was statistically significant [OR=0.25, 95% CI(0.17, 0.37), P<0.00001]. The expression of Survivin in clinical Ⅰ–Ⅱ stage group was significantly lower than in the clinical stage Ⅲ–Ⅳ group [OR=0.24, 95% CI(0.18, 0.32), P<0.00001]. The expression of Survivin in patients with low/medium differentiation was significantly lower than that in those with high differentiation [OR=0.33, 95% CI(0.26, 0.43), P<0.00001]. The difference in the expression of Survivin among different T stages of laryngeal carcinoma was statistically significant [OR=0.35, 95% CI(0.21, 0.58), P<0.00001]. In conclusion, Survivin may play an important role in the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma, and its high expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the missing diagnosis of neck metastases by routine detecting method (palpation combined with one pathological slide) in laryngeal carcinomas.Methods Sixty-six specimens of neck dissections were ...Objective To evaluate the missing diagnosis of neck metastases by routine detecting method (palpation combined with one pathological slide) in laryngeal carcinomas.Methods Sixty-six specimens of neck dissections were collected and observed by routine method, transparent method, and continuous sliding method.Results Totally, 1153 lymph nodes were detected by palpation method and another 1204 lymph nodes were detected by transparent method.The lymph nodes detected by transparent method account for 51.1% of the total, and among them 10 metastases were found, which account for 15.6%(10/64) of metastatic lymph nodes.For those with no metastasis detected by routine method, 50 μm interval continuous sliding method was performed, and 14 tiny metastases were found, which account for 21.9%(14/64) of metastatic lymph nodes.Detecting by routine method, most lymph nodes (95%) were in tumor growth and tumor suffusion stage.The missing diagnosis rate of routine method was 37.5%(24/64).Conclusions When routine method was used to detect lymph nodes in neck specimens, missing diagnosis should be considered to select best therapy.Through transparent method small lymph nodes could be found and it is a valuable method to observe pathological changes of small nodes.Continuous sliding method could find micrometastasis precisely, but the work burden is heavy and it is difficult to be widely used.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To investigate the prote...<strong>Objective: </strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To investigate the protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of ABCG2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oct4</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nanog in laryngeal cancer tissues, and to seek new molecular markers for the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The laryngeal cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues of 87 patients with laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2018 were selected as the subjects. QRT-PCR, Real-time PcR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of ABCG2, Oct4 and Nanog in (Tumor Tissue) and (Adjacent Tissue) in tumor tissue and paracancerous tissue.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The results of RT-PCR showed that the positive rates of ABCG2, Oct4 and Nanog in laryngeal carcinoma tissues were 49.30%, 45.07% and 52.11%, respectively, while those in paracancerous tissues were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">22.54%, 21.13% and 15.49%, respectively (P < 0.01). The expression of ABCG2,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Oct4 and Nanog in laryngeal carcinoma was correlated with tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, age and sex (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size and TNM stage.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The expressions of ABCG2, Oct4 and Nanog in cancer tissues are related to tumor differentiation status, and they can be used as new molecular markers for the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span>展开更多
Objective:Through integrated bioinformatics analysis,the goal of this work was to find new,characterised N7-methylguanosine modification-related long non-coding RNAs(m7G-lncRNAs)that might be used to predict the progn...Objective:Through integrated bioinformatics analysis,the goal of this work was to find new,characterised N7-methylguanosine modification-related long non-coding RNAs(m7G-lncRNAs)that might be used to predict the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Methods:The clinical data and LSCC gene expression data for the current investigation were initially retrieved from the TCGA database&sanitised.Then,using co-expression analysis of m7G-associated mRNAs&lncRNAs&differential expression analysis(DEA)among LSCC&normal sample categories,we discovered lncRNAs that were connected to m7G.The prognosis prediction model was built for the training category using univariate&multivariate COX regression&LASSO regression analyses,&the model’s efficacy was checked against the test category data.In addition,we conducted DEA of prognostic m7G-lncRNAs among LSCC&normal sample categories&compiled a list of co-expression networks&the structure of prognosis m7G-lncRNAs.To compare the prognoses for individuals with LSCC in the high-&low-risk categories in the prognosis prediction model,survival and risk assessments were also carried out.Finally,we created a nomogram to accurately forecast the outcomes of LSCC patients&created receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves to assess the prognosis prediction model’s predictive capability.Results:Using co-expression network analysis&differential expression analysis,we discovered 774 m7G-lncRNAs and 551 DEm7G-lncRNAs,respectively.We then constructed a prognosis prediction model for six m7G-lncRNAs(FLG−AS1,RHOA−IT1,AC020913.3,AC027307.2,AC010973.2 and AC010789.1),identified 32 DEPm7G-lncRNAs,analyzed the correlation between 32 DEPm7G-lncRNAs and 13 DEPm7G-mRNAs,and performed survival analyses and risk analyses of the prognosis prediction model to assess the prognostic performance of LSCC patients.By displaying ROC curves and a nomogram,we finally checked the prognosis prediction model's accuracy.Conclusion:By creating novel predictive lncRNA signatures for clinical diagnosis&therapy,our findings will contribute to understanding the pathogenetic process of LSCC.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and functional association of mi R-194 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).METHODS Cell growth was measured by MTT assay.Cel cycle distribution was detected using PI ...OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and functional association of mi R-194 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).METHODS Cell growth was measured by MTT assay.Cel cycle distribution was detected using PI staining by flow cytometric analysis.Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing assay and transwell assay.The 3′-UTR activity was detected by luciferase assay.The expression level of proteins and mR NA were analysed by Western blotting,immunohistochemistry and q RT-PCR.Mouse xenograft model was established to observe the tumor growth in vivo.RESULTS The expression level of miR-194 is significantly lower in clinical LSCC tissues compared with normal tissues,and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that high miR-194 expression predicts a favorable outcome for LSCC patients.Functional assays show that enforced expression of mi R-194 inhibits the growth,migration,invasion and drug-resistance of LSCC cells.Moreover,Wee1 is identified as a novel functional target of mi R-194.Exogenous expression of Wee1 protein in mi R-194-over expressing cells partially reverses the suppressive effects of mi R-194 on LSCC cells.In addition,Wee1 was abnormally overexpressed in clinical LSCC tissues,and its protein levels were inversely correlated with miR-194 expression.High Wee1 protein level was also associated with TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Our study provides new sights into the role of miR-194/Wee1 axis in LSCC,and suggests a novel miR-194/Wee1-based clinical intervention target for LSCC patients.展开更多
TRPP2, a Ca^(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel, has been shown to negatively regulate cell cycle, but the mechanism underlying this regulation is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-α) is a proinflammatory ...TRPP2, a Ca^(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel, has been shown to negatively regulate cell cycle, but the mechanism underlying this regulation is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine extensively involved in immune system regulation, cell proliferation and cell survival. However, the effects and mechanisms for the role of TNF-αin laryngeal cancer remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated using western blot analyses and intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration measurements that TNF-α treatment suppressed both TRPP2 expression and ATP-induced Ca^(2+) release in a laryngeal cancer cell line(Hep-2). Knockdown of TRPP2 by a specific siRNA significantly decreased ATP-induced Ca^(2+) release and abolished the effect of TNF-α on the ATP-induced Ca^(2+) release. TNF-α treatment also enhanced Hep-2 cell proliferation and growth, as determined using cell counting and flow cytometry cell cycle assays. Moreover, TNF-α treatment down-regulated phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(p-PERK) and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor(p-eIF2α)expression levels, without affecting PERK and eIF2 a expression levels in Hep-2 cells. We concluded that suppressing TRPP2 expression and TRPP2-mediated Ca^(2+) signaling may be one mechanism underlying TNF-α-enhanced Hep-2 cell proliferation.These results offer new insights into the mechanisms of TNF-α-mediated laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, and provide evidences showing a potential role of TNF-α in the development of laryngeal cancer.展开更多
Aim:Lymph node(LN)metastases are associated with poor outcomes in patients with recurrent larynx squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Neck dissection(ND)is therefore commonly performed along with salvage total laryngectomy(S...Aim:Lymph node(LN)metastases are associated with poor outcomes in patients with recurrent larynx squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Neck dissection(ND)is therefore commonly performed along with salvage total laryngectomy(STL).Here,we assess the rate of occult LN metastases and the diagnostic value of MRI and PET/CT for detecting them in recurrent LSCC.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with recurrent LSCC after primary(chemo)radiotherapy[(C)RT]who were re-staged by MRI and/or PET/CT and treated with STL and ND between 2004 and 2019.The histopathology of ND samples was used as the reference standard.Results:Forty-one patients were included.The prevalence of occult metastases in MRI-negative and PET/CT-negative neck nodes was between 3.2%and 6.1%.Negative predictive values of neck node re-staging were 93.9%for MRI,96.8%for PET/CT,and 96.2%for MRI and PET/CT combined.Conclusion:Both MRI and PET/CT afforded good negative predictive values for nodal staging in patients with recurrent LSCC after(C)RT prior to STL.In selected patients,these radiological modalities,particularly PET/CT,could help to avoid unnecessary surgery to the neck and its associated morbidity.展开更多
文摘In order to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine in the treatment and prognosis of laryngeal cancer in China, the meta-analysis electronically retrieved the case-control studies published in China about the Survivin expression and its association with clinical pathological features in the tissues of laryngeal carcinoma. The results showed that a total of 25 case-control studies were finally included with 1333 cases of laryngeal cancer and 528 cases of controls. The difference in the expression of Survivin between the two groups was statistically significant [OR=18.34, 95% CI(11.82, 28.47), P<0.00001]. The difference in the expression of Survivin between laryngeal carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis or not was statistically significant [OR=0.25, 95% CI(0.17, 0.37), P<0.00001]. The expression of Survivin in clinical Ⅰ–Ⅱ stage group was significantly lower than in the clinical stage Ⅲ–Ⅳ group [OR=0.24, 95% CI(0.18, 0.32), P<0.00001]. The expression of Survivin in patients with low/medium differentiation was significantly lower than that in those with high differentiation [OR=0.33, 95% CI(0.26, 0.43), P<0.00001]. The difference in the expression of Survivin among different T stages of laryngeal carcinoma was statistically significant [OR=0.35, 95% CI(0.21, 0.58), P<0.00001]. In conclusion, Survivin may play an important role in the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma, and its high expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer.
文摘Objective To evaluate the missing diagnosis of neck metastases by routine detecting method (palpation combined with one pathological slide) in laryngeal carcinomas.Methods Sixty-six specimens of neck dissections were collected and observed by routine method, transparent method, and continuous sliding method.Results Totally, 1153 lymph nodes were detected by palpation method and another 1204 lymph nodes were detected by transparent method.The lymph nodes detected by transparent method account for 51.1% of the total, and among them 10 metastases were found, which account for 15.6%(10/64) of metastatic lymph nodes.For those with no metastasis detected by routine method, 50 μm interval continuous sliding method was performed, and 14 tiny metastases were found, which account for 21.9%(14/64) of metastatic lymph nodes.Detecting by routine method, most lymph nodes (95%) were in tumor growth and tumor suffusion stage.The missing diagnosis rate of routine method was 37.5%(24/64).Conclusions When routine method was used to detect lymph nodes in neck specimens, missing diagnosis should be considered to select best therapy.Through transparent method small lymph nodes could be found and it is a valuable method to observe pathological changes of small nodes.Continuous sliding method could find micrometastasis precisely, but the work burden is heavy and it is difficult to be widely used.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To investigate the protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of ABCG2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oct4</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nanog in laryngeal cancer tissues, and to seek new molecular markers for the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The laryngeal cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues of 87 patients with laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2018 were selected as the subjects. QRT-PCR, Real-time PcR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of ABCG2, Oct4 and Nanog in (Tumor Tissue) and (Adjacent Tissue) in tumor tissue and paracancerous tissue.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The results of RT-PCR showed that the positive rates of ABCG2, Oct4 and Nanog in laryngeal carcinoma tissues were 49.30%, 45.07% and 52.11%, respectively, while those in paracancerous tissues were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">22.54%, 21.13% and 15.49%, respectively (P < 0.01). The expression of ABCG2,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Oct4 and Nanog in laryngeal carcinoma was correlated with tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, age and sex (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size and TNM stage.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The expressions of ABCG2, Oct4 and Nanog in cancer tissues are related to tumor differentiation status, and they can be used as new molecular markers for the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span>
基金supported by a grant Hebei Provincial Health Commission project from the Foundation of Basic Research(No.20191843).
文摘Objective:Through integrated bioinformatics analysis,the goal of this work was to find new,characterised N7-methylguanosine modification-related long non-coding RNAs(m7G-lncRNAs)that might be used to predict the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Methods:The clinical data and LSCC gene expression data for the current investigation were initially retrieved from the TCGA database&sanitised.Then,using co-expression analysis of m7G-associated mRNAs&lncRNAs&differential expression analysis(DEA)among LSCC&normal sample categories,we discovered lncRNAs that were connected to m7G.The prognosis prediction model was built for the training category using univariate&multivariate COX regression&LASSO regression analyses,&the model’s efficacy was checked against the test category data.In addition,we conducted DEA of prognostic m7G-lncRNAs among LSCC&normal sample categories&compiled a list of co-expression networks&the structure of prognosis m7G-lncRNAs.To compare the prognoses for individuals with LSCC in the high-&low-risk categories in the prognosis prediction model,survival and risk assessments were also carried out.Finally,we created a nomogram to accurately forecast the outcomes of LSCC patients&created receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves to assess the prognosis prediction model’s predictive capability.Results:Using co-expression network analysis&differential expression analysis,we discovered 774 m7G-lncRNAs and 551 DEm7G-lncRNAs,respectively.We then constructed a prognosis prediction model for six m7G-lncRNAs(FLG−AS1,RHOA−IT1,AC020913.3,AC027307.2,AC010973.2 and AC010789.1),identified 32 DEPm7G-lncRNAs,analyzed the correlation between 32 DEPm7G-lncRNAs and 13 DEPm7G-mRNAs,and performed survival analyses and risk analyses of the prognosis prediction model to assess the prognostic performance of LSCC patients.By displaying ROC curves and a nomogram,we finally checked the prognosis prediction model's accuracy.Conclusion:By creating novel predictive lncRNA signatures for clinical diagnosis&therapy,our findings will contribute to understanding the pathogenetic process of LSCC.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271444,81201726)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds(2015TQ01R350,2014A030313057)the Guangdong Science and Technology Program(2016A050502027,2013B021800088)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and functional association of mi R-194 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).METHODS Cell growth was measured by MTT assay.Cel cycle distribution was detected using PI staining by flow cytometric analysis.Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing assay and transwell assay.The 3′-UTR activity was detected by luciferase assay.The expression level of proteins and mR NA were analysed by Western blotting,immunohistochemistry and q RT-PCR.Mouse xenograft model was established to observe the tumor growth in vivo.RESULTS The expression level of miR-194 is significantly lower in clinical LSCC tissues compared with normal tissues,and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that high miR-194 expression predicts a favorable outcome for LSCC patients.Functional assays show that enforced expression of mi R-194 inhibits the growth,migration,invasion and drug-resistance of LSCC cells.Moreover,Wee1 is identified as a novel functional target of mi R-194.Exogenous expression of Wee1 protein in mi R-194-over expressing cells partially reverses the suppressive effects of mi R-194 on LSCC cells.In addition,Wee1 was abnormally overexpressed in clinical LSCC tissues,and its protein levels were inversely correlated with miR-194 expression.High Wee1 protein level was also associated with TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Our study provides new sights into the role of miR-194/Wee1 axis in LSCC,and suggests a novel miR-194/Wee1-based clinical intervention target for LSCC patients.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1408085MH157)Supporting Program for Excellent Young Talents in Universities of Anhui Province, Outstanding Young Investigator of Anhui Medical University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (81570403, 81371284)Scientific Research Grant ofAnhui Medical University (2015xk1080)
文摘TRPP2, a Ca^(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel, has been shown to negatively regulate cell cycle, but the mechanism underlying this regulation is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine extensively involved in immune system regulation, cell proliferation and cell survival. However, the effects and mechanisms for the role of TNF-αin laryngeal cancer remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated using western blot analyses and intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration measurements that TNF-α treatment suppressed both TRPP2 expression and ATP-induced Ca^(2+) release in a laryngeal cancer cell line(Hep-2). Knockdown of TRPP2 by a specific siRNA significantly decreased ATP-induced Ca^(2+) release and abolished the effect of TNF-α on the ATP-induced Ca^(2+) release. TNF-α treatment also enhanced Hep-2 cell proliferation and growth, as determined using cell counting and flow cytometry cell cycle assays. Moreover, TNF-α treatment down-regulated phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(p-PERK) and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor(p-eIF2α)expression levels, without affecting PERK and eIF2 a expression levels in Hep-2 cells. We concluded that suppressing TRPP2 expression and TRPP2-mediated Ca^(2+) signaling may be one mechanism underlying TNF-α-enhanced Hep-2 cell proliferation.These results offer new insights into the mechanisms of TNF-α-mediated laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, and provide evidences showing a potential role of TNF-α in the development of laryngeal cancer.
文摘Aim:Lymph node(LN)metastases are associated with poor outcomes in patients with recurrent larynx squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Neck dissection(ND)is therefore commonly performed along with salvage total laryngectomy(STL).Here,we assess the rate of occult LN metastases and the diagnostic value of MRI and PET/CT for detecting them in recurrent LSCC.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with recurrent LSCC after primary(chemo)radiotherapy[(C)RT]who were re-staged by MRI and/or PET/CT and treated with STL and ND between 2004 and 2019.The histopathology of ND samples was used as the reference standard.Results:Forty-one patients were included.The prevalence of occult metastases in MRI-negative and PET/CT-negative neck nodes was between 3.2%and 6.1%.Negative predictive values of neck node re-staging were 93.9%for MRI,96.8%for PET/CT,and 96.2%for MRI and PET/CT combined.Conclusion:Both MRI and PET/CT afforded good negative predictive values for nodal staging in patients with recurrent LSCC after(C)RT prior to STL.In selected patients,these radiological modalities,particularly PET/CT,could help to avoid unnecessary surgery to the neck and its associated morbidity.
