AIM To examine whether hemodialysis(HD) patients with restless legs syndrome(RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life(QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.METHODS Eighty five stable HD pat...AIM To examine whether hemodialysis(HD) patients with restless legs syndrome(RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life(QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.METHODS Eighty five stable HD patients participated in this study. According to their RLS status, the patients were dividedinto the RLS group(n = 23) and the non-RLS group(n = 62). QoL, fatigue, sleep quality, daily sleepiness and depression symptoms were assessed by using various questionnaires. Finally, biochemical parameters including iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and parathormone were assessed. RESULTS The HD patients with RLS scored worse in all the questionnaires used in the study(P < 0.05). The patients with RLS were more likely to receive the HD therapy on the morning shift, whilst 43.5% of the RLS patients reported to experience the RLS symptoms also during HD. The severity of RLS was correlated with fatigue, depression score and sleep quality(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HD patients with RLS are subject to lower QoL related parameters and greater fatigue compared to HD patients without RLS. RLS should be successfully managed in order to improve the QoL of the sufferers.展开更多
AIM To investigate the association between restless legs syndrome(RLS) and well-defined chronic liver disease, and the possible therapeutic options. METHODS Two hundred and eleven patients with chronic liver disease, ...AIM To investigate the association between restless legs syndrome(RLS) and well-defined chronic liver disease, and the possible therapeutic options. METHODS Two hundred and eleven patients with chronic liver disease, complaining of sleep disturbances, painful leg sensation and daily sleepiness, were included. Patients with persistent alcohol intake, recent worsening of clinical conditions, or hepatitis C virus were excluded. Diagnosis of RLS was suggested by the Johns Hopkins questionnaire and verified by fulfilling the diagnostic criteria by Allen. All patients were tested, both at baseline and during follow-up, with the Hamilton rating scale for depression, sleep quality assessment(PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS), International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group evaluation, and international RLS severity(IRLS) scoring system. Ironfree level, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12 and D-OH25 were detected. Neurological examinations and blood testoccurred at the beginning of the therapy, after 2 wk, and at the 28^(th), 75 th, 105 th, 135 th, 165 th and 205 th day. Regarding therapy, pramipexole or gabapentin were used.RESULTS Patients were moderately depressed, with evident nocturnal sleep problems and concomitant daily sleepiness. Sleep problems and involuntary leg movements had been underestimated, and RLS s yndrome had not be e n c ons ide re d be fore t he neurological visit. All(211/211) patients fulfilled the RLS diagnostic criteria. Twenty-two patients considered their symptoms as mild, according to IRSL, but 189 found them moderate to very severe. No correlation was found between ammonium level and ESS or PSQI. Augmentation was rather precocious in our patients(135 th day), and more frequent(35%) than previous data(8.3%-9.1%). The dosage of dopamine agonists was found to be associated with augmentation and appears in range with the literature. Previous intake of alcohol and lower levels of vitamins have been related to the phenomenon in our study.CONCLUSION RLS is a common disorder, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Further research is therefore fundamental.展开更多
AIM:To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome(RLS)in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:Patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS(n=30),constipation-predominant IBS(n=30),or mixed-symptom IBS...AIM:To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome(RLS)in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:Patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS(n=30),constipation-predominant IBS(n=30),or mixed-symptom IBS(n=30)were recruited from the community between March 2008 and February 2009.Rifaximin 200 mg three times daily was administered empirically to alleviate small intestinal bowel over-growth in all patients.The presence of RLS was assessed via an RLS questionnaire and polysomnography.RESULTS:Twentysix patients with IBS(29%)were diagnosed with RLS using the RLS questionnaire.Twenty-four of the 26 patients(92%)underwent polysomnog-raphy,and all had confirmation of RLS.A greater percentage of patients with RLS had diarrhea-predominant IBS(62%)compared with patients with constipation-predominant IBS(4%)or mixed-symptom IBS(33%).CONCLUSION:Restless legs syndrome is prevalent in patients with IBS,especially those with diarrheal symptoms.Assessment of concomitant disorders may improve diagnosis and expand relevant treatment options for patients.展开更多
108 cases of restless legs syndrome were treated , out of which, 56 cases withacupuncture, 52 cases with ear acupuncture. The therapeutical effects of acupuncture are superior tothat of ear acupuncture.
Introduction and Aims:This is a prospective study identifying prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in patients ongoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to end stage renal disease (ESRD) and comparing clinical and bi...Introduction and Aims:This is a prospective study identifying prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in patients ongoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to end stage renal disease (ESRD) and comparing clinical and biochemical characteristics among patients with and without RLS. Methods: Two hundred ESRD patients who received PD at least six months assessed by neurologist and nephrologist with regards to presence of RLS. Also, clinical and biochemical features of these patients are determined. One hundred and forty four patients were excluded from study because they had other secondary causes of RLS except for ESRD. Results: Thirteen of 56 patients (23.2%) had RLS. The use of vitamin B + folic acid supplements was significantly lower in patients with RLS than in those without RLS (69.2% vs 97.7%;p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between patient groups with and without RLS in terms of age, gender, body mass index, cause of ESRD, peritoneal membrane transport characteristic, smoking, consuming alcohol, use of erythropoietin, duration of PD, hemoglobin, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum albumin, levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12, transferrin saturation, weekly Kt/V urea value, and amount of residual urine volume (p > 0.05). Conclusion: RLS is more common among PD patients than general population. Although essential cause is not exactly known, use of folic acid and vitamin B complex decrease the RLS prevalence in this particular patient group.展开更多
Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is approximately 10% in general population. This condition is more prevalent in certain diseases and we previously reported the prevalence of RLS in chronic l...Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is approximately 10% in general population. This condition is more prevalent in certain diseases and we previously reported the prevalence of RLS in chronic liver disease population to be 62%. Objectives: Our aim was to assess the self-reported prevalence of RLS using an RLS symptom specific questionnaire in liver transplant patients. Methods: Subjects were a convenience sample in transplant clinic. They completed a validated survey for core RLS symptoms and if positive went on to completed a telephone survey using the validated International RLS Severity Scale Questionnaire (IRLS) and the Johns Hopkins RLS QoL survey to measure the effect of RLS symptoms on daily activities. Results: 40 patients surveyed, RLS was found in 16 subjects (40%) with moderate severity {17 (SD + 7.2, high score 31)}. Hepatitis C as indication for liver transplant was more likely associated with RLS (p = 0.05). Calcium channel blockers were protective (p = 0.032) while antidopaminergic agent use was statistically significant for RLS symptom (p = 0.005). On multiple linear regression analysis, diabetes (p = 0.024) and use of antidepressants/antihistamines (p = 0.049) were associated with RLS. Quality of Life (QoL) surveys specific to RLS suggested RLS symptoms resulted in significantly diminished QoL, with an average QoL score of 80 (SD + 11.7). Conclusion: There was a very high prevalence of RLS in our liver transplant patients with majority experiencing moderate or severe symptoms. The explanation for this higher prevalence is likely due to combination of comorbidites as well as medications that can trigger RLS.展开更多
Objective: Based on data mining, to explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine for the treatment of restless legs syndrome(RLS). Methods: The CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP were taken as data sources, and "restless...Objective: Based on data mining, to explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine for the treatment of restless legs syndrome(RLS). Methods: The CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP were taken as data sources, and "restless legs syndrome, RLS" as the key words, and "Chinese medicine, Chinese materia medica, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), traditional Chinese and Western medicine" as sub key words, the data was extracted from the journals and literature related to the treatment of RLS by TCM from the establishment of the database to 2020, and data mining techniques(frequency analysis, cluster analysis, association rules) were used to analyze the core drugs and drug pair(group) rules. Results: A total of 87 prescriptions met the requirements of this study, involving 142 Chinese herbal medicines. The top 5 Chinese herbal medicines with a higher frequency of use were Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Chaenomelis and Radix Astragali seu Hedysari. The four Qi(气) of the medicine were mainly warm and neutral, the five flavors were mainly sweet, bitter, and pungent. The main channels of the meridian were mainly the liver meridian, spleen meridian and heart meridian. The medication categories were mainly tonifying deficiency herbs, blood activating and removing blood stasis herbs, and eliminating wind and dampness herbs. The association rule analysis yielded 24 Chinese medicine combinations with high support, and the hierarchical cluster analysis yielded a total of 5 clusters. Conclusion: TCM treatment of RLS is based on tonifying deficiency herbs, especially to replenish Qi and blood throughout the course of the disease, supplemented by herbs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and herbs for eliminating wind and dampness, as well as combined with herbs for reliving superficies and herbs for calming the liver to stop the wind.展开更多
When I was in elementary school, my classmates made fun of me for always wearing leggings.'Why don’t you wear jeans?' They asked, pointing to their own denim-clad, prepubescent legs.
Walking robots use leg structures to overcome obstacles or move on complicated terrains. Most robots of current researches are equipped with legs of simple structure. The specific design method of walking robot legs i...Walking robots use leg structures to overcome obstacles or move on complicated terrains. Most robots of current researches are equipped with legs of simple structure. The specific design method of walking robot legs is seldom studied. Based on the generalized-function(GF) set theory, a systematic type synthesis process of designing robot legs is introduced. The specific mobility of robot legs is analyzed to obtain two main leg types as the goal of design.Number synthesis problem is decomposed into two stages, actuation and constraint synthesis by name,corresponding to the combinatorics results of linear Diophantine equations. Additional restrictions are discussed to narrow the search range to propose practical limb expressions and kinematic-pair designs. Finally, all the fifty-one leg structures of four subtypes are carried out, some of which are chosen to make up robot prototypes, demonstrating the validity of the method. This paper proposed a novel type synthesis methodology, which could be used to systematically design various practical robot legs and the derived robots.展开更多
According to the characteristics of submerged floating tunnel anchored by tension legs,simplifying the tube as point mass and assuming that the tension leg is a nonlinear beam model hinged at both ends,the nonlinear v...According to the characteristics of submerged floating tunnel anchored by tension legs,simplifying the tube as point mass and assuming that the tension leg is a nonlinear beam model hinged at both ends,the nonlinear vibration equation of the tension leg is derived.The equation is solved by the Galerkin method and Runge Kutta method.Subsequently,numerical analysis of typical submerged floating tunnel tension leg is carried out.It is shown that,the parametric vibration response of the submerged floating tunnel tension leg is related to the amplitude and frequency of the end excitation.Without considering axial resonance and transverse resonance,it is reasonable that higher order modes are abandoned and only the first three modes are considered.The axial resonance amplitude of the second or third order mode is equivalent to the first order mode axial resonance amplitude,which should not be ignored.展开更多
The element stiffness matrix of the equivalent beam or pipe element of the deformed leg of the platform is derived by the finite element method. The stresses and displacements of some damaged components are calculated...The element stiffness matrix of the equivalent beam or pipe element of the deformed leg of the platform is derived by the finite element method. The stresses and displacements of some damaged components are calculated, and the numerical solutions agree well with those obtained by the fine mesh finite element method. Finally, as an application of this method, the stresses of some platform structures are calculated and analyzed.展开更多
The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at ...The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at home and abroad in structural analyses for truss jack-up rig legs, this paper introduces a new calculation model which is more reasonable. This model can simulate better the load situation of a rig reflecting more precisely the effects of the leg loads caused by the spring support of gearboxes of the jacking system and the secondary bending moment raised by hull displacement under extreme conditions. The rig conversion was completed in 1989. In July 1991 the rig safely stood the frontal hitting of Typhoon with the wind speed of 52 m / s, which shows that the checking on the structure is correct.展开更多
Separate-effect experiment simulating steam direct-contact condensation on ECCS （emergency core cooling system） water in PWR （pressurized water reactor） cold legs during reflood phase of large-break LOCA （loss-of...Separate-effect experiment simulating steam direct-contact condensation on ECCS （emergency core cooling system） water in PWR （pressurized water reactor） cold legs during reflood phase of large-break LOCA （loss-of-coolant accident） was conducted in OECD/NEA ROSA Project using the LSTF （large scale test facility）. A new test section was furnished in the downstream of the LSTF break unit horizontally attached to the cold leg. Significant condensation of steam appeared in a short distance from the simulated ECCS injection point, and the steam temperature in the test section decreased immediately after the initiation of the ECCS water injection. Total steam condensation rate estimated from the difference between steam flow rates at the test section inlet and outlet was in proportion to the simulated ECCS water mass flux until the complete condensation of steam. Clear images of high-speed video camera were successfully obtained on droplet behaviors through the viewer of the test section, especially for annular mist flow.展开更多
A clustering algorithm and a probability statistics method were applied to different phases of a flight to analyze operation time during aircraft ground taxiing and airborne flight.And the clustering pattern,distribut...A clustering algorithm and a probability statistics method were applied to different phases of a flight to analyze operation time during aircraft ground taxiing and airborne flight.And the clustering pattern,distribution characteristics and dynamically changing rules of the two phases were identified.Further,an estimate method was established to measure operation time of flight legs,with creative steps of calculating individual segment separately and then integrating them accordingly.The method can both objectively and dynamically measure operation time,and accurately reflect real situation.It helps to better utilize airport slot resources and provides a strong support for air traffic flow management when scheduling flight plan in strategic and pre-tactic phases.展开更多
Systematic analyses have been made to three typical dispositions of walking vehicle leg,and their kinematic characteristics are obtained respectively. a reliable theoretical guidance for theselection of the form is pr...Systematic analyses have been made to three typical dispositions of walking vehicle leg,and their kinematic characteristics are obtained respectively. a reliable theoretical guidance for theselection of the form is provided.展开更多
Offshore triceratops is one of the successful manifestations of the form-dominant design approaches deployable in ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration.The deck’s geometric shape and partial isolation from the legs...Offshore triceratops is one of the successful manifestations of the form-dominant design approaches deployable in ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration.The deck’s geometric shape and partial isolation from the legs counteract lateral loads.Legs are position-restrained to the sea bed by taut-moored tendons,while ball joints partially isolate the deck from the buoyant legs.However,compliance in the horizontal plane imposes large displacements,intuiting the necessity to examine tendon failure.Numerical analysis of triceratops under wave and wind combined action is carried out under the postulated conditions of a tendon failure.10-yr,100-yr,and 1000-yr post-Katrina hurricane conditions are assumed as loading to the platform.Results confirm a marginal increase in the natural periods of stiff degrees of freedom even under postulated failure conditions,ensuring good adaptability to ultra-deep water.Under postulated failure,the tension of adjacent tendons varies significantly,causing a shift to the mean position of the platform.Fatigue life is significantly reduced under the postulated failure of tendons,making the platform free-floating without affecting its stability.Results also show that the pitch response of the deck is a clear manifestation of the postulated failure,which is otherwise absent due to the presence of ball joints.The attempted study deliberates on the fatigue life of tendons,assessing the platform’s suitability to ultra-deep waters and identifying the vulnerable legs for the chosen load combinations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs.RLS typically affects the legs.However,it can also affect several other body regions,such as th...BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs.RLS typically affects the legs.However,it can also affect several other body regions,such as the arms,abdomen,face,neck,head,and genital area.There are only a few reports of the RLS variant affecting the head.AIM To assess the epidemiological,clinical,and other aspects of the RLS variant affecting the head.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 17 adult patients(>18 years)who met the RLS criteria and simultaneously experienced RLS-like symptoms in the head.RESULTS The median age at which symptoms appeared was 41.6 years.Males and females were equally affected(1.1:1).All 17 patients had uncomfortable sensations in the lower legs.Insomnia or disturbed sleep was the most common comorbidity(n=16,88.2%).However,headache was the most common presenting or primary symptom(n=10,70.5%).Dizziness or an abnormal sensation in the head was the second most common presenting symptom(5 patients,29.4%).Other presenting features were leg pain,backache,and generalized body pain.All patients responded favorably to dopaminergic medications.CONCLUSION If RLS-related unpleasant sensations and pain are felt in the head,they may be misinterpreted as headache,dizziness,or psychosomatic symptoms.RLS and headaches in a subset of patients may be two phenotypic manifestations of the same disorder.展开更多
Objective: Pontine infarction is a common type of stroke in the cerebral deep structures, resulting from occlusion of small penetrating arteries, may manifest as hemi-paralysis, hemi-sensory deficit, ataxia, vertigo, ...Objective: Pontine infarction is a common type of stroke in the cerebral deep structures, resulting from occlusion of small penetrating arteries, may manifest as hemi-paralysis, hemi-sensory deficit, ataxia, vertigo, and bulbar dysfunction, but patients presenting with restless legs syndrome (RLS) are extremely rare. Herein, we reported five cases with RLS as a major manifestation of pontine infarction.Methods: Five cases of pontine infarction related RLS were collected from July 2013 to February 2016. The diagnosis of RLS was made according to criteria established by the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) in 2003. Neurological functions were assessed according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Severity of RLS was based on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS-RS). Sleep quality was assessed by Epworth Rating Scale (ERS), and individual emotional and psychological states were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS).Results: The laboratory data at the onset including hemoglobin, serum concentration of homocysteine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrolytes, and thyroid hormones were normal. The electroencephalogram (EEG), lower-extremity somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in four limbs were normal. The average period of follow-up was 34.60 ± 12.76 months. The MRI examination showed acute or subacute pontine infarction lesions, 3 cases in the rostral inner side, 1 case in the rostral lateral and inner side, and 1 case in rostral lateral side. The neurological deficits included weakness in 4 cases, contralateral sensory deficit in 1 case, and ataxia in 2 cases. All 5 patients presented with symptom of RLS at or soon after the onset of infarction and 4 patients experienced uncomfortable sensations in the paralyzed limbs contralateral to the ischemic lesion. Their neurological deficits improved significantly 2 weeks later, but the symptoms of RLS did not resolve. Among them, 3/5 patients were treated with dopaminergic drugs. At the end of the follow-up, RLS symptom eventually resolved in 3 patients but persisted in two. The IRLS-RS, NIHSS and mRS scores were significantly lower at the onset than those at the last follow-up (P=0.035, 0.024 and 0.049, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the ERS, HDS and HAS scores (P=0.477, 0.226 and 0.778, respectively).Conclusion: RLS can be an onset manifestation of pontine infarction, clinicians should be aware of this potential symptom. RLS usually occurs in the paralyzed limbs contralateral to the infarction lesion. The pathogenesis still needs further investigation.展开更多
文摘AIM To examine whether hemodialysis(HD) patients with restless legs syndrome(RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life(QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.METHODS Eighty five stable HD patients participated in this study. According to their RLS status, the patients were dividedinto the RLS group(n = 23) and the non-RLS group(n = 62). QoL, fatigue, sleep quality, daily sleepiness and depression symptoms were assessed by using various questionnaires. Finally, biochemical parameters including iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and parathormone were assessed. RESULTS The HD patients with RLS scored worse in all the questionnaires used in the study(P < 0.05). The patients with RLS were more likely to receive the HD therapy on the morning shift, whilst 43.5% of the RLS patients reported to experience the RLS symptoms also during HD. The severity of RLS was correlated with fatigue, depression score and sleep quality(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HD patients with RLS are subject to lower QoL related parameters and greater fatigue compared to HD patients without RLS. RLS should be successfully managed in order to improve the QoL of the sufferers.
文摘AIM To investigate the association between restless legs syndrome(RLS) and well-defined chronic liver disease, and the possible therapeutic options. METHODS Two hundred and eleven patients with chronic liver disease, complaining of sleep disturbances, painful leg sensation and daily sleepiness, were included. Patients with persistent alcohol intake, recent worsening of clinical conditions, or hepatitis C virus were excluded. Diagnosis of RLS was suggested by the Johns Hopkins questionnaire and verified by fulfilling the diagnostic criteria by Allen. All patients were tested, both at baseline and during follow-up, with the Hamilton rating scale for depression, sleep quality assessment(PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS), International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group evaluation, and international RLS severity(IRLS) scoring system. Ironfree level, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12 and D-OH25 were detected. Neurological examinations and blood testoccurred at the beginning of the therapy, after 2 wk, and at the 28^(th), 75 th, 105 th, 135 th, 165 th and 205 th day. Regarding therapy, pramipexole or gabapentin were used.RESULTS Patients were moderately depressed, with evident nocturnal sleep problems and concomitant daily sleepiness. Sleep problems and involuntary leg movements had been underestimated, and RLS s yndrome had not be e n c ons ide re d be fore t he neurological visit. All(211/211) patients fulfilled the RLS diagnostic criteria. Twenty-two patients considered their symptoms as mild, according to IRSL, but 189 found them moderate to very severe. No correlation was found between ammonium level and ESS or PSQI. Augmentation was rather precocious in our patients(135 th day), and more frequent(35%) than previous data(8.3%-9.1%). The dosage of dopamine agonists was found to be associated with augmentation and appears in range with the literature. Previous intake of alcohol and lower levels of vitamins have been related to the phenomenon in our study.CONCLUSION RLS is a common disorder, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Further research is therefore fundamental.
文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome(RLS)in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:Patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS(n=30),constipation-predominant IBS(n=30),or mixed-symptom IBS(n=30)were recruited from the community between March 2008 and February 2009.Rifaximin 200 mg three times daily was administered empirically to alleviate small intestinal bowel over-growth in all patients.The presence of RLS was assessed via an RLS questionnaire and polysomnography.RESULTS:Twentysix patients with IBS(29%)were diagnosed with RLS using the RLS questionnaire.Twenty-four of the 26 patients(92%)underwent polysomnog-raphy,and all had confirmation of RLS.A greater percentage of patients with RLS had diarrhea-predominant IBS(62%)compared with patients with constipation-predominant IBS(4%)or mixed-symptom IBS(33%).CONCLUSION:Restless legs syndrome is prevalent in patients with IBS,especially those with diarrheal symptoms.Assessment of concomitant disorders may improve diagnosis and expand relevant treatment options for patients.
文摘108 cases of restless legs syndrome were treated , out of which, 56 cases withacupuncture, 52 cases with ear acupuncture. The therapeutical effects of acupuncture are superior tothat of ear acupuncture.
文摘Introduction and Aims:This is a prospective study identifying prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in patients ongoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to end stage renal disease (ESRD) and comparing clinical and biochemical characteristics among patients with and without RLS. Methods: Two hundred ESRD patients who received PD at least six months assessed by neurologist and nephrologist with regards to presence of RLS. Also, clinical and biochemical features of these patients are determined. One hundred and forty four patients were excluded from study because they had other secondary causes of RLS except for ESRD. Results: Thirteen of 56 patients (23.2%) had RLS. The use of vitamin B + folic acid supplements was significantly lower in patients with RLS than in those without RLS (69.2% vs 97.7%;p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between patient groups with and without RLS in terms of age, gender, body mass index, cause of ESRD, peritoneal membrane transport characteristic, smoking, consuming alcohol, use of erythropoietin, duration of PD, hemoglobin, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum albumin, levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12, transferrin saturation, weekly Kt/V urea value, and amount of residual urine volume (p > 0.05). Conclusion: RLS is more common among PD patients than general population. Although essential cause is not exactly known, use of folic acid and vitamin B complex decrease the RLS prevalence in this particular patient group.
文摘Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is approximately 10% in general population. This condition is more prevalent in certain diseases and we previously reported the prevalence of RLS in chronic liver disease population to be 62%. Objectives: Our aim was to assess the self-reported prevalence of RLS using an RLS symptom specific questionnaire in liver transplant patients. Methods: Subjects were a convenience sample in transplant clinic. They completed a validated survey for core RLS symptoms and if positive went on to completed a telephone survey using the validated International RLS Severity Scale Questionnaire (IRLS) and the Johns Hopkins RLS QoL survey to measure the effect of RLS symptoms on daily activities. Results: 40 patients surveyed, RLS was found in 16 subjects (40%) with moderate severity {17 (SD + 7.2, high score 31)}. Hepatitis C as indication for liver transplant was more likely associated with RLS (p = 0.05). Calcium channel blockers were protective (p = 0.032) while antidopaminergic agent use was statistically significant for RLS symptom (p = 0.005). On multiple linear regression analysis, diabetes (p = 0.024) and use of antidepressants/antihistamines (p = 0.049) were associated with RLS. Quality of Life (QoL) surveys specific to RLS suggested RLS symptoms resulted in significantly diminished QoL, with an average QoL score of 80 (SD + 11.7). Conclusion: There was a very high prevalence of RLS in our liver transplant patients with majority experiencing moderate or severe symptoms. The explanation for this higher prevalence is likely due to combination of comorbidites as well as medications that can trigger RLS.
文摘Objective: Based on data mining, to explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine for the treatment of restless legs syndrome(RLS). Methods: The CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP were taken as data sources, and "restless legs syndrome, RLS" as the key words, and "Chinese medicine, Chinese materia medica, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), traditional Chinese and Western medicine" as sub key words, the data was extracted from the journals and literature related to the treatment of RLS by TCM from the establishment of the database to 2020, and data mining techniques(frequency analysis, cluster analysis, association rules) were used to analyze the core drugs and drug pair(group) rules. Results: A total of 87 prescriptions met the requirements of this study, involving 142 Chinese herbal medicines. The top 5 Chinese herbal medicines with a higher frequency of use were Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Chaenomelis and Radix Astragali seu Hedysari. The four Qi(气) of the medicine were mainly warm and neutral, the five flavors were mainly sweet, bitter, and pungent. The main channels of the meridian were mainly the liver meridian, spleen meridian and heart meridian. The medication categories were mainly tonifying deficiency herbs, blood activating and removing blood stasis herbs, and eliminating wind and dampness herbs. The association rule analysis yielded 24 Chinese medicine combinations with high support, and the hierarchical cluster analysis yielded a total of 5 clusters. Conclusion: TCM treatment of RLS is based on tonifying deficiency herbs, especially to replenish Qi and blood throughout the course of the disease, supplemented by herbs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and herbs for eliminating wind and dampness, as well as combined with herbs for reliving superficies and herbs for calming the liver to stop the wind.
文摘When I was in elementary school, my classmates made fun of me for always wearing leggings.'Why don’t you wear jeans?' They asked, pointing to their own denim-clad, prepubescent legs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1613208,51335007)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2013CB035501)+1 种基金Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51421092)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai-based "Innovation Action Plan" Project(Grant No.16DZ1201001)
文摘Walking robots use leg structures to overcome obstacles or move on complicated terrains. Most robots of current researches are equipped with legs of simple structure. The specific design method of walking robot legs is seldom studied. Based on the generalized-function(GF) set theory, a systematic type synthesis process of designing robot legs is introduced. The specific mobility of robot legs is analyzed to obtain two main leg types as the goal of design.Number synthesis problem is decomposed into two stages, actuation and constraint synthesis by name,corresponding to the combinatorics results of linear Diophantine equations. Additional restrictions are discussed to narrow the search range to propose practical limb expressions and kinematic-pair designs. Finally, all the fifty-one leg structures of four subtypes are carried out, some of which are chosen to make up robot prototypes, demonstrating the validity of the method. This paper proposed a novel type synthesis methodology, which could be used to systematically design various practical robot legs and the derived robots.
基金financially supported by the Research Fund of Liaocheng University(Grant No.318011916)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2018BEE046)
文摘According to the characteristics of submerged floating tunnel anchored by tension legs,simplifying the tube as point mass and assuming that the tension leg is a nonlinear beam model hinged at both ends,the nonlinear vibration equation of the tension leg is derived.The equation is solved by the Galerkin method and Runge Kutta method.Subsequently,numerical analysis of typical submerged floating tunnel tension leg is carried out.It is shown that,the parametric vibration response of the submerged floating tunnel tension leg is related to the amplitude and frequency of the end excitation.Without considering axial resonance and transverse resonance,it is reasonable that higher order modes are abandoned and only the first three modes are considered.The axial resonance amplitude of the second or third order mode is equivalent to the first order mode axial resonance amplitude,which should not be ignored.
文摘The element stiffness matrix of the equivalent beam or pipe element of the deformed leg of the platform is derived by the finite element method. The stresses and displacements of some damaged components are calculated, and the numerical solutions agree well with those obtained by the fine mesh finite element method. Finally, as an application of this method, the stresses of some platform structures are calculated and analyzed.
文摘The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at home and abroad in structural analyses for truss jack-up rig legs, this paper introduces a new calculation model which is more reasonable. This model can simulate better the load situation of a rig reflecting more precisely the effects of the leg loads caused by the spring support of gearboxes of the jacking system and the secondary bending moment raised by hull displacement under extreme conditions. The rig conversion was completed in 1989. In July 1991 the rig safely stood the frontal hitting of Typhoon with the wind speed of 52 m / s, which shows that the checking on the structure is correct.
文摘Separate-effect experiment simulating steam direct-contact condensation on ECCS （emergency core cooling system） water in PWR （pressurized water reactor） cold legs during reflood phase of large-break LOCA （loss-of-coolant accident） was conducted in OECD/NEA ROSA Project using the LSTF （large scale test facility）. A new test section was furnished in the downstream of the LSTF break unit horizontally attached to the cold leg. Significant condensation of steam appeared in a short distance from the simulated ECCS injection point, and the steam temperature in the test section decreased immediately after the initiation of the ECCS water injection. Total steam condensation rate estimated from the difference between steam flow rates at the test section inlet and outlet was in proportion to the simulated ECCS water mass flux until the complete condensation of steam. Clear images of high-speed video camera were successfully obtained on droplet behaviors through the viewer of the test section, especially for annular mist flow.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1333202)
文摘A clustering algorithm and a probability statistics method were applied to different phases of a flight to analyze operation time during aircraft ground taxiing and airborne flight.And the clustering pattern,distribution characteristics and dynamically changing rules of the two phases were identified.Further,an estimate method was established to measure operation time of flight legs,with creative steps of calculating individual segment separately and then integrating them accordingly.The method can both objectively and dynamically measure operation time,and accurately reflect real situation.It helps to better utilize airport slot resources and provides a strong support for air traffic flow management when scheduling flight plan in strategic and pre-tactic phases.
文摘Systematic analyses have been made to three typical dispositions of walking vehicle leg,and their kinematic characteristics are obtained respectively. a reliable theoretical guidance for theselection of the form is provided.
文摘Offshore triceratops is one of the successful manifestations of the form-dominant design approaches deployable in ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration.The deck’s geometric shape and partial isolation from the legs counteract lateral loads.Legs are position-restrained to the sea bed by taut-moored tendons,while ball joints partially isolate the deck from the buoyant legs.However,compliance in the horizontal plane imposes large displacements,intuiting the necessity to examine tendon failure.Numerical analysis of triceratops under wave and wind combined action is carried out under the postulated conditions of a tendon failure.10-yr,100-yr,and 1000-yr post-Katrina hurricane conditions are assumed as loading to the platform.Results confirm a marginal increase in the natural periods of stiff degrees of freedom even under postulated failure conditions,ensuring good adaptability to ultra-deep water.Under postulated failure,the tension of adjacent tendons varies significantly,causing a shift to the mean position of the platform.Fatigue life is significantly reduced under the postulated failure of tendons,making the platform free-floating without affecting its stability.Results also show that the pitch response of the deck is a clear manifestation of the postulated failure,which is otherwise absent due to the presence of ball joints.The attempted study deliberates on the fatigue life of tendons,assessing the platform’s suitability to ultra-deep waters and identifying the vulnerable legs for the chosen load combinations.
文摘BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs.RLS typically affects the legs.However,it can also affect several other body regions,such as the arms,abdomen,face,neck,head,and genital area.There are only a few reports of the RLS variant affecting the head.AIM To assess the epidemiological,clinical,and other aspects of the RLS variant affecting the head.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 17 adult patients(>18 years)who met the RLS criteria and simultaneously experienced RLS-like symptoms in the head.RESULTS The median age at which symptoms appeared was 41.6 years.Males and females were equally affected(1.1:1).All 17 patients had uncomfortable sensations in the lower legs.Insomnia or disturbed sleep was the most common comorbidity(n=16,88.2%).However,headache was the most common presenting or primary symptom(n=10,70.5%).Dizziness or an abnormal sensation in the head was the second most common presenting symptom(5 patients,29.4%).Other presenting features were leg pain,backache,and generalized body pain.All patients responded favorably to dopaminergic medications.CONCLUSION If RLS-related unpleasant sensations and pain are felt in the head,they may be misinterpreted as headache,dizziness,or psychosomatic symptoms.RLS and headaches in a subset of patients may be two phenotypic manifestations of the same disorder.
文摘Objective: Pontine infarction is a common type of stroke in the cerebral deep structures, resulting from occlusion of small penetrating arteries, may manifest as hemi-paralysis, hemi-sensory deficit, ataxia, vertigo, and bulbar dysfunction, but patients presenting with restless legs syndrome (RLS) are extremely rare. Herein, we reported five cases with RLS as a major manifestation of pontine infarction.Methods: Five cases of pontine infarction related RLS were collected from July 2013 to February 2016. The diagnosis of RLS was made according to criteria established by the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) in 2003. Neurological functions were assessed according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Severity of RLS was based on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS-RS). Sleep quality was assessed by Epworth Rating Scale (ERS), and individual emotional and psychological states were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS).Results: The laboratory data at the onset including hemoglobin, serum concentration of homocysteine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrolytes, and thyroid hormones were normal. The electroencephalogram (EEG), lower-extremity somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in four limbs were normal. The average period of follow-up was 34.60 ± 12.76 months. The MRI examination showed acute or subacute pontine infarction lesions, 3 cases in the rostral inner side, 1 case in the rostral lateral and inner side, and 1 case in rostral lateral side. The neurological deficits included weakness in 4 cases, contralateral sensory deficit in 1 case, and ataxia in 2 cases. All 5 patients presented with symptom of RLS at or soon after the onset of infarction and 4 patients experienced uncomfortable sensations in the paralyzed limbs contralateral to the ischemic lesion. Their neurological deficits improved significantly 2 weeks later, but the symptoms of RLS did not resolve. Among them, 3/5 patients were treated with dopaminergic drugs. At the end of the follow-up, RLS symptom eventually resolved in 3 patients but persisted in two. The IRLS-RS, NIHSS and mRS scores were significantly lower at the onset than those at the last follow-up (P=0.035, 0.024 and 0.049, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the ERS, HDS and HAS scores (P=0.477, 0.226 and 0.778, respectively).Conclusion: RLS can be an onset manifestation of pontine infarction, clinicians should be aware of this potential symptom. RLS usually occurs in the paralyzed limbs contralateral to the infarction lesion. The pathogenesis still needs further investigation.
