Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeut...Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic drugs and targets for diabetes-related sepsis.The research also incorporates traditional physical therapy perspectives,emphasizing the genomic insights gained from exercise therapy in disease management and prevention.Methods:Gene analysis was conducted on the GSE168796 and GSE94717 datasets to identify ER stress-related genes.Gene interactions and immune cell correlations were mapped using GeneCard and STRING databases.A screening of 2,456 compounds from the TCMSP database was performed to identify potential therapeutic agents,with a focus on their docking potential.Techniques such as luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to examine the interactions between microRNA-149-5p and MMP9.Results:The study identified 2,006 differentially expressed genes and 616 miRNAs.Key genes like MMP9,TNF-α,and IL1B were linked to an immunosuppressive state.Licorice glycoside E demonstrated high affinity for MMP9,suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating diabetes.The constructed miRNA network highlighted the regulatory roles of MMP9,IL1B,IFNG,and TNF-α.Experimental evidence confirmed the binding of microRNA-149-5p to MMP9,impacting apoptosis in diabetic cells.Conclusion:The findings highlight the regulatory role of microRNA-149-5p in managing MMP9,a crucial gene in diabetes pathophysiology.Licorice glycoside E emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes,especially targeting MMP9 affected by ER stress.The study also underscores the significance of physical exercise in modulating ER stress pathways in diabetes management,bridging traditional physical therapy and modern scientific understanding.Our study has limitations.It focuses on the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 network in sepsis,using cell-based methods without animal or clinical trials.Despite strong in vitro findings,in vivo studies are needed to confirm licorice glycoside E’s therapeutic potential and understand the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 dynamics in real conditions.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine the improvement effect of vinegar soaked licorice on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))combined with high-fat diet in rats.[Methods]Subcutaneous injection of 40%-60%CCl_(4...[Objectives]To determine the improvement effect of vinegar soaked licorice on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))combined with high-fat diet in rats.[Methods]Subcutaneous injection of 40%-60%CCl_(4)olive oil solution(0.3 mL/100 g)combined with a high-fat diet was used for 5 weeks to establish the rat model with liver fibrosis.After the modeling,the rats were divided into a low dose(0.8 g/kg),a medium dose(2.5 g/kg),a high dose(5 g/kg)group,a colchicine(1.5 mg/kg)positive group,and a vinegar group(2 mL/kg).The serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels in the rats were measured automatically.The serum hyaluronic acid(HA)was detected by radioimmunoassay,and the serum laminin(LN)and procollagen type III peptide(PIIIP)levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.Liver histopathological morphological changes were observed by HE and Masson staining,and expressions of cytochrome CYP2E1 and transcription factor Nrf2 were detected by immunohistochemistry.[Results]The rat liver fibrosis model was established successfully at the 6~(th)week.Compared with the model group,the levels of ALT,AST,HA,LA,PIIIP,CYP2E1 and Nrf2 of all the examined indexes in the dosing group were decreased(P<0.05).As shown in the pictures of liver pathological tissue sections,the liver fibrosis was significantly alleviated in the positive group and the 3 administration groups.[Conclusions]Vinegar soaked licorice can significantly improve the liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride combined with high-fat diet in rats,and the effect of the high-dose group was similar to that of the positive group.展开更多
The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concen...The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concentration of ethanol, ammonia and cation (M+), pH of extraction solution, different kinds of organic solvent etc. The results show that 50%-60%(v/v) ethanol can reach high percentage extraction of GA. If 1% (v/v) ammonia solution was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, the percentage extraction can be increased from 2.0% to 2.31%. Without ammonia, 50mmol/L [M+] (M+ = K+, NH4+) was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, percentage extraction of GA can reach about 2.26%. If pH of solution (60% ethanol) was adjust to pH=4.0, it can reach high percentage extraction. If pH of solution (60% ethanol + 50mmol [M+], pH=6.1) was adjust tO PH=4.0, especially M+ is K+ or NH4+, it can reach almost same extraction efficiency as that of 1% ammonia solution + 60% ethanol, and the operation environment can be greatly improved.展开更多
Licorice,one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in East Asia,has effects such as anti-inflammation,antioxidant,and detoxifying.This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of licorice on brucine-induced nep...Licorice,one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in East Asia,has effects such as anti-inflammation,antioxidant,and detoxifying.This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of licorice on brucine-induced nephrotoxicity.Sprague Dawley rats were administered with brucine intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days with or without treatment with licorice.The content of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum,the activities of superoxide dismutase and content of glutathione,malonaldehyde in kidney tissue were detected.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the histopathological changes of kidney.The expression and phosphorylation levels of protein were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.The results illustrated that treatment with licorice extracts(LE)significantly protected against the brucineinduced nephrotoxicity by reducing the content of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine,attenuating pathologic damage.The unbalance of oxidative stress was repaired by LE via increasing the level of glutathione,promoting the activities of superoxide dismutase and decreasing the content of malonaldehyde.In addition,LE overturned the influence of brucine on apoptosis-related protein and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(STAT3)activation.Taken together,these data demonstrate that licorice may attenuate brucine-induced nephrotoxicity via inactivation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway.More importantly,the renoprotective effects may be mediated,at least partly,by preventing the activation of STAT3 protein.展开更多
A series of hydrogels with different ratios of chitosan and licorice polysaccharide(LP)were prepared by crosslinking to different concentrations of genipin(gp).They were characterized by FTIR(Fourier transform infra...A series of hydrogels with different ratios of chitosan and licorice polysaccharide(LP)were prepared by crosslinking to different concentrations of genipin(gp).They were characterized by FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy),SEM(Scanning electron microscope),swelling ratio,rheological measurements,degradation with time,cytotoxicity,and antibacterial efficacy.Results show that the hydrogels have porous structures.With an increase in LP content,the swelling rate grows in the early stage of immersion in buffer and drops later.The swelling ratio ranged from 986%to 1677%,and stiffness varied from 777 Pa to 1792 Pa.The addition of LP reduced the mechanical strength and delayed gelation and degradation of the hydrogels.However,the most important discovery was that gp increases the viability of NIH 3T3 cells from 94%to 137%,and LP raises the bacteriostatic efficacy from 51%to 78%.Hydrogels synthesized from 1%genipin,3%chitosan,and 4%licorice polysaccharide showed the best antibacterial and fibroblast proliferation promoting activities.They exhibited moderate swelling and degradation rates over time,while being more suitable to affect healing of chronic wound infections.These results provide a new strategy to improve the antibacterial effectiveness and cyto-compatibility of chitosan hydrogels with water soluble active LPs from Glycyrrhiza that derive from traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Although compatibility is highly advocated in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inappropriate combination of some herbs may reduce the therapeutic action and even produce toxic effects. Kansui and licorice, one of T...Although compatibility is highly advocated in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inappropriate combination of some herbs may reduce the therapeutic action and even produce toxic effects. Kansui and licorice, one of TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”, are the most representative cases of improper herbal combination, which may still be applied simultaneously under given conditions. However, the potential mechanism of their compatibility and incompatibility is unclear. In the present study, two different ratios of kansui and licorice, representing their compatibility and incompatibility respectively, were designed to elucidate their interaction by comparative plasma/tissue metabolomics and a heatmap with relative fold change. As a result, glycocholic acid, prostaglandin F2a, dihydroceramide and sphinganine were screened out as the principal alternative biomarkers of compatibility group;sphinganine, dihydroceramide, arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4, acetoacetic acid and linoleic acid were those of incompatibility group. Based on the values of biomarkers in each tissue, the liver was identified as the compatible target organ, while the heart, liver, and kidney were the incompatible target organs. Furthermore, important pathways for compatibility and incompatibility were also constructed. These results help us to better understand and utilize the two herbs, and the study was the first to reveal some innate characters of herbs related to TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”.展开更多
Numbers of 300 day-old broiler chickens through a CRD design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 20 chicks in each pen were used to evaluate the effect of thyme (T), licorice (L), thyme + licorice (TL), and enzyme sup...Numbers of 300 day-old broiler chickens through a CRD design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 20 chicks in each pen were used to evaluate the effect of thyme (T), licorice (L), thyme + licorice (TL), and enzyme supplemented (E) diets on performance, immune and carcass characteristics. According to the results, performance traits, immune indices, and carcass traits in herbal medicine and enzyme supplemented diets were improved significantly than control diet (P < 0.05). Weight gain and FCR in T and E groups were significantly higher and lower than other groups respectively (P < 0.05). Internal organs such as abdominal fat and liver weight as indicators of lipogenesis rate were decreased in T, L, and TL diets than control or E diet significantly (P < 0.05). Immune organs such as burse and spleen weight as indicators of immune situation were increased in TL diet than other treatments significantly (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that thyme and licorice singly or in combination as organic herbal medicine can affect performance, carcass and immune characteristics. Also an improved immune organ such as burse or spleen in this study indicates that this herbal medicine can promote the immune situation and efficacy of health and livability.展开更多
Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients ...Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients have been isolated from licorice,including triterpene saponins and flavonoids,which are normally being considered to be the main biologically active components.In the last decade,licorice has been proved exert anti-diabetic effect in various in vivo and in vitro models of diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,licorice can also antagonize all sorts of diabetes complications,including diabetic nephropathy,atherosclerosis,diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.Except anti-inflammation,licorice and its active components show anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion,regulating lipid metabolism,and anti-oxidation.The useful effects of licorice and its active components are due to regulating different pathways and proteins,including NF-κB,AMPK,insulin signaling pathway,MAPK,etc.In this review,we provide an overview of the beneficial effects and related molecular mechanism of licorice and its effective components on improving diabetes and its complications.展开更多
We describe an 80-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation,anti-coagulated with warfarin,who on two separate occasions developed black tarry stools and an elevated international normalized ratio(INR) after eating a pou...We describe an 80-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation,anti-coagulated with warfarin,who on two separate occasions developed black tarry stools and an elevated international normalized ratio(INR) after eating a pound of Black Licorice.During her most recent episode,her hematocrit was 14(baseline 34) and her INR was 5.5(baseline 2.1).She was advised to restrict licorice consumption,and a follow-up INR two weeks later was 1.2.Black Licorice is derived from the root of the plant,Glycyrrhiza glabra.The components of its extract inhibit the P450 system enzymes that metabolize Warfarin,inhibit thrombin,and prolong fibrinogen clotting times.Hence,the anti-thrombotic activity and inhibition of warfarin metabolism might synergistically amplify anticoagulation.The presence of Black Licorice in the stool can also mimic melena and confound its clinical presentation.Health care providers should caution patients who are at risk for bleeding or on warfarin to avoid black licorice due to an elevated risk of gastroint estinal bleeding.展开更多
Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3,a fungus producingβ-glucuronidase(PGUS),can convert glycyrrhizin(GL)to glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide(GAMG)when grown in medium with GL as the sole carbon source.In order to improve...Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3,a fungus producingβ-glucuronidase(PGUS),can convert glycyrrhizin(GL)to glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide(GAMG)when grown in medium with GL as the sole carbon source.In order to improve the conversion rate of GL and the yield of GAMG,licorice extract(LE)was added as an inducer to enhance the production of GAMG by the PGUS.In this work,the influence of LE on the conversion rate of GL to GAMG was studied.When the Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3was grown in the medium containing LE and GL(concentration ratio of LE to GL was 2∶3),the conversion rate of GL was 84.12% with 38.18%increase and the yield of GAMG was 80.47% with 37.18%increase,comparing with to the medium only containing GL at 48h.The enzyme activity ofβ-glucuronidase was also enhanced from 22.4U/mL to 82.3U/mL,which increased up to about 3.67fold.The results showed that LE could significantly improve the induced expression level of PGUS.展开更多
Licorice (Glycyrrhira) is one of the important medical resources in arid area. It is dis-tributed between 30 and 55 degrees north latitude, especially in arid area 40 degrees northlatitude. There are about nine or ten...Licorice (Glycyrrhira) is one of the important medical resources in arid area. It is dis-tributed between 30 and 55 degrees north latitude, especially in arid area 40 degrees northlatitude. There are about nine or ten species of licorice in our country. Not only it has ahigh economical value, but also it is an important sand-control plant for展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the fa...[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the factors,and the content of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid as the evaluation index,the processing technology for roasted licorice with water was optimized.[Results]The best processing technology of licorice was as follows:Pure licorice slices were mixed with water and moistened for 3 h,and then fried at 160℃for 6 min.20 kg of water was added to every 100 kg of licorice.[Conclusions]The best processing technology for roasted licorice with water was established,laying a foundation for the research and application of roasted licorice with water and its preparation.展开更多
Objective: To study the curative effect of licorice flavonoid Chinese herbal frond cream combined with Awei A capsule in the treatment of psoriasis. Methods: During the period from April 2016 to March 2018, a total of...Objective: To study the curative effect of licorice flavonoid Chinese herbal frond cream combined with Awei A capsule in the treatment of psoriasis. Methods: During the period from April 2016 to March 2018, a total of 116 patients with psoriasis in our hospital were randomly divided into the experimental group (the treatment of licorice flavonoids and Chinese acupoint cream combined with Awei A capsule) and the control group (single use) Avi A capsule treatment). Comparison of blood lipid metabolism indexes (high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) and serum biochemical indicators (neutrophil elastase, endogenous inhibitor of NE, placental cadherin) statistical difference in content. The statistical differences between PASI score and DLQI score before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. At the end of treatment, the statistical difference between the clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. Results:The levels of serum NE, Trappin-2 and P-cad in patients before and after treatment showed a significant downward trend. The content of NE, Trappin-2 and P-cad in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The content of HDL-C in lipid metabolism index increased significantly before and after treatment, and the content of APOA and LDL-C decreased significantly. The content of HDL-C in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The content of APOA and LDL-C was significantly lower than that of the control group. The PASI score and DLQI score of patients before and after treatment decreased significantly. After treatment, the PASI score and DLQI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was significantly different. The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group. The skin of the experimental group was dry, itchy, and the skin desquamation was significantly less than that of the control group. Conclusion: Licorice Flavonoids and Avi A capsules have the advantages of improving blood lipid metabolism in the treatment of psoriasis, while reducing the recurrence rate and reducing the occurrence of common adverse reactions such as skin itching, dryness and abnormal liver function. It has a good clinical application significance.展开更多
Licorice,a perennial herb of Leguminosa,is one of the oldest and most widely used herbal medicines worldwide.Its distinct sweet flavor and rich medicinal value make it an integral component of traditional Chinese medi...Licorice,a perennial herb of Leguminosa,is one of the oldest and most widely used herbal medicines worldwide.Its distinct sweet flavor and rich medicinal value make it an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulations,which continue to be widely employed.The main chemical constituents of licorice include triterpenoid saponins,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that various extracts and pure compounds derived from licorice exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiviral,antitumor,immune-regulatory,and neuroprotective activities.The bioactive constituents of licorice offer therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus,and liver disorders.This comprehensive review discusses the primary chemical constituents of licorice and their pharmacological activities,describes in vivo and in vitro models employed for studying licorice,and its potential targets and mechanisms of action.Furthermore,we discuss the toxicological profile,side effects,dosage recommendations,and clinical applications of licorice.This review aims to establish a foundation for further research on the safe and effective utilization of licorice while facilitating an in-depth exploration of its properties and fostering the development of novel therapeutic agents.展开更多
Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. Recent studies have shown that these m...Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. Recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral,antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. This paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice. The active components and the possible mechanisms for these activities are summarized in detail. This review will be helpful for the further studies of licorice for its potential therapeutic effects as an antiviral or an antimicrobial agent.展开更多
Triptolide(TP) from Tripterygium wilfordii has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. TP is specially used for the treatment of awkward rheumatoid arthritis, but ...Triptolide(TP) from Tripterygium wilfordii has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. TP is specially used for the treatment of awkward rheumatoid arthritis, but its clinical application is confined by intense side effects. It is reported that licorice can obviously reduce the toxicity of TP, but the detailed mechanisms involved have not been comprehensively investigated. The current study aimed to explore metabolomics characteristics of the toxic reaction induced by TP and the intervention effect of licorice water extraction(LWE) against such toxicity. Obtained urine samples from control, TP and TP + LWE treated rats were analyzed by UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS. The metabolic profiles of the control and the TP group were well differentiated by the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The toxicity of TP was demonstrated to be evolving along with the exposure time of TP. Eight potential biomarkers related to TP toxicity were successfully identified in urine samples. Furthermore, LWE treatment could attenuate the change in six of the eight identified biomarkers. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the alterations in these metabolites were associated with tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism. Therefore, it was concluded that LWE demonstrated interventional effects on TP toxicity through regulation of tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism pathways, which provided novel insights into the possible mechanisms of TP toxicity as well as the potential therapeutic effects of LWE against such toxicity.展开更多
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) seeds were flown on a recoverable satellite for 18 days(the average radiation dose in the flight recovery module was 0.102 mGy/d, the distance from flight apogee to earth was 35...Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) seeds were flown on a recoverable satellite for 18 days(the average radiation dose in the flight recovery module was 0.102 mGy/d, the distance from flight apogee to earth was 350 km, gravity 10-6). After returning to earth, the seeds were germinated and grown to maturity. The parallel ground-based seeds were also planted under the same conditions. The leaves of licorice were used for inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and the two main secondary me-tabolites in one-year-old roots were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among 22 random primers used in this experiment, 6 primers generated different DNA band types. Analysis of HPLC showed that the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and liquiritin (LQ) in the roots from seeds flown in space was respectively 2.19, 1.18 times higher than that of the control group. The results demonstrated that the extraterrestrial environment induced mutagenic effects on licorice and affected its secondary metabolites. These changes indicated that extraterrestrial orbit is possible means of breeding of licorice so as to preserve this endangered medicinal plant.展开更多
A relationship between status epilepticus(SE)and oxidative stress has recently begun to be recognized.To explore whether the flavonoids extracted from licorice(LFs)have any protective effect on kainate(KA)-induced sei...A relationship between status epilepticus(SE)and oxidative stress has recently begun to be recognized.To explore whether the flavonoids extracted from licorice(LFs)have any protective effect on kainate(KA)-induced seizure in mice,we treated mice with LFs before and after KA injection.In KA-treated mice,we found that superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity decreased immediately after the onset of seizure at 1 h and then increased at 6 h.It returned to baseline 1 d after seizure and then increased again at 3,7,and 28 d,while malondialdehyde(MDA)content remained at a high level at 1 h,6 h,3 d,7 d,and 28 d,indicating a more oxidized status related to the presence of more reactive oxygen species(ROS).Treatment with LFs before KA injection reversed the seizure-induced change in SOD activity and MDA content at 1 h,6 h,3 d,7 d,and 28 d.Treatment with LFs after seizure decreased KA-induced SOD activity and MDA content at 7 and 28 d.Also,LF pre-and post-KA treatments decreased seizure-induced neuronal cell death.Subsequently,Morris water maze tests revealed that the escape latency was significantly decreased and the number of target quadrant crossings was markedly increased in the LF-treated groups.Thus,our data indicate that LFs have protective effects on seizure-induced neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment through their anti-oxidative effects.展开更多
Pseudo-allergic reactions(PARs)widely occur upon application of drugs or functional foods.Anti-pseudo-allergic ingredients from natural products have attracted much attention.This study aimed to investigate anti-pseud...Pseudo-allergic reactions(PARs)widely occur upon application of drugs or functional foods.Anti-pseudo-allergic ingredients from natural products have attracted much attention.This study aimed to investigate anti-pseudo-allergic compounds in licorice.The anti-pseudo-allergic effect of licorice extract was evaluated in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3(RBL-2H3)cells.Anti-pseudo-allergic compounds were screened by using RBL-2H3 cell extraction and the effects of target components were verified further in RBL-2H3 cells,mouse peritoneal mast cells(MPMCs)and mice.Molecular docking and human MRGPRX2-expressing HEK293T cells(MRGPRX2-HEK293T cells)extraction were performed to determine the potential ligands of MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2(MRGPRX2),a pivotal target for PARs.Glycyrrhizic acid(GA)and licorice chalcone A(LA)were screened and shown to inhibit Compound48/80-induced degranulation and calcium influx in RBL-2H3 cells.GA and LA also inhibited degranulation in MPMCs and increase of histamine and TNF-a in mice.LA could bind to MRGPRX2,as determined by molecular docking and MRGPRX2-HEK293T cell extraction.Our study provides a strong rationale for using GA and LA as novel treatment options for PARs.LA is a potential ligand of MRGPRX2.展开更多
文摘Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic drugs and targets for diabetes-related sepsis.The research also incorporates traditional physical therapy perspectives,emphasizing the genomic insights gained from exercise therapy in disease management and prevention.Methods:Gene analysis was conducted on the GSE168796 and GSE94717 datasets to identify ER stress-related genes.Gene interactions and immune cell correlations were mapped using GeneCard and STRING databases.A screening of 2,456 compounds from the TCMSP database was performed to identify potential therapeutic agents,with a focus on their docking potential.Techniques such as luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to examine the interactions between microRNA-149-5p and MMP9.Results:The study identified 2,006 differentially expressed genes and 616 miRNAs.Key genes like MMP9,TNF-α,and IL1B were linked to an immunosuppressive state.Licorice glycoside E demonstrated high affinity for MMP9,suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating diabetes.The constructed miRNA network highlighted the regulatory roles of MMP9,IL1B,IFNG,and TNF-α.Experimental evidence confirmed the binding of microRNA-149-5p to MMP9,impacting apoptosis in diabetic cells.Conclusion:The findings highlight the regulatory role of microRNA-149-5p in managing MMP9,a crucial gene in diabetes pathophysiology.Licorice glycoside E emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes,especially targeting MMP9 affected by ER stress.The study also underscores the significance of physical exercise in modulating ER stress pathways in diabetes management,bridging traditional physical therapy and modern scientific understanding.Our study has limitations.It focuses on the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 network in sepsis,using cell-based methods without animal or clinical trials.Despite strong in vitro findings,in vivo studies are needed to confirm licorice glycoside E’s therapeutic potential and understand the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 dynamics in real conditions.
基金Supported by Inner Mongolia Mongolian Medicine Standardization Project(MB2019)Study on the Concoction Method of Licorice and Its Process(myxylxkky2019-04)。
文摘[Objectives]To determine the improvement effect of vinegar soaked licorice on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))combined with high-fat diet in rats.[Methods]Subcutaneous injection of 40%-60%CCl_(4)olive oil solution(0.3 mL/100 g)combined with a high-fat diet was used for 5 weeks to establish the rat model with liver fibrosis.After the modeling,the rats were divided into a low dose(0.8 g/kg),a medium dose(2.5 g/kg),a high dose(5 g/kg)group,a colchicine(1.5 mg/kg)positive group,and a vinegar group(2 mL/kg).The serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels in the rats were measured automatically.The serum hyaluronic acid(HA)was detected by radioimmunoassay,and the serum laminin(LN)and procollagen type III peptide(PIIIP)levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.Liver histopathological morphological changes were observed by HE and Masson staining,and expressions of cytochrome CYP2E1 and transcription factor Nrf2 were detected by immunohistochemistry.[Results]The rat liver fibrosis model was established successfully at the 6~(th)week.Compared with the model group,the levels of ALT,AST,HA,LA,PIIIP,CYP2E1 and Nrf2 of all the examined indexes in the dosing group were decreased(P<0.05).As shown in the pictures of liver pathological tissue sections,the liver fibrosis was significantly alleviated in the positive group and the 3 administration groups.[Conclusions]Vinegar soaked licorice can significantly improve the liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride combined with high-fat diet in rats,and the effect of the high-dose group was similar to that of the positive group.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29836130).
文摘The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concentration of ethanol, ammonia and cation (M+), pH of extraction solution, different kinds of organic solvent etc. The results show that 50%-60%(v/v) ethanol can reach high percentage extraction of GA. If 1% (v/v) ammonia solution was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, the percentage extraction can be increased from 2.0% to 2.31%. Without ammonia, 50mmol/L [M+] (M+ = K+, NH4+) was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, percentage extraction of GA can reach about 2.26%. If pH of solution (60% ethanol) was adjust to pH=4.0, it can reach high percentage extraction. If pH of solution (60% ethanol + 50mmol [M+], pH=6.1) was adjust tO PH=4.0, especially M+ is K+ or NH4+, it can reach almost same extraction efficiency as that of 1% ammonia solution + 60% ethanol, and the operation environment can be greatly improved.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473411).
文摘Licorice,one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in East Asia,has effects such as anti-inflammation,antioxidant,and detoxifying.This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of licorice on brucine-induced nephrotoxicity.Sprague Dawley rats were administered with brucine intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days with or without treatment with licorice.The content of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum,the activities of superoxide dismutase and content of glutathione,malonaldehyde in kidney tissue were detected.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the histopathological changes of kidney.The expression and phosphorylation levels of protein were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.The results illustrated that treatment with licorice extracts(LE)significantly protected against the brucineinduced nephrotoxicity by reducing the content of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine,attenuating pathologic damage.The unbalance of oxidative stress was repaired by LE via increasing the level of glutathione,promoting the activities of superoxide dismutase and decreasing the content of malonaldehyde.In addition,LE overturned the influence of brucine on apoptosis-related protein and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(STAT3)activation.Taken together,these data demonstrate that licorice may attenuate brucine-induced nephrotoxicity via inactivation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway.More importantly,the renoprotective effects may be mediated,at least partly,by preventing the activation of STAT3 protein.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for support for this research(Nos.81560737 and 31860250)We also thank the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province through Grant 18JR3RA148+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province Grant(No.20180801)Distinguished Young Cultivation Project(No.JQ2020)of Lanzhou University of Technology.
文摘A series of hydrogels with different ratios of chitosan and licorice polysaccharide(LP)were prepared by crosslinking to different concentrations of genipin(gp).They were characterized by FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy),SEM(Scanning electron microscope),swelling ratio,rheological measurements,degradation with time,cytotoxicity,and antibacterial efficacy.Results show that the hydrogels have porous structures.With an increase in LP content,the swelling rate grows in the early stage of immersion in buffer and drops later.The swelling ratio ranged from 986%to 1677%,and stiffness varied from 777 Pa to 1792 Pa.The addition of LP reduced the mechanical strength and delayed gelation and degradation of the hydrogels.However,the most important discovery was that gp increases the viability of NIH 3T3 cells from 94%to 137%,and LP raises the bacteriostatic efficacy from 51%to 78%.Hydrogels synthesized from 1%genipin,3%chitosan,and 4%licorice polysaccharide showed the best antibacterial and fibroblast proliferation promoting activities.They exhibited moderate swelling and degradation rates over time,while being more suitable to affect healing of chronic wound infections.These results provide a new strategy to improve the antibacterial effectiveness and cyto-compatibility of chitosan hydrogels with water soluble active LPs from Glycyrrhiza that derive from traditional Chinese medicine.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB505300,2011CB505303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603258, 81673599,81773882)+4 种基金Key Research Project in Basic Science of Jiangsu College and University (14KJA360001)Youth Talent Project Funded by Shaanxi Higher Education Association for Science and Technology (20180307)333 High Level Talents Training Project Funded by Jiangsu Province (BRA2016387)financially supported by a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Discipline Innovation Team Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine (2019-YL10)
文摘Although compatibility is highly advocated in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inappropriate combination of some herbs may reduce the therapeutic action and even produce toxic effects. Kansui and licorice, one of TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”, are the most representative cases of improper herbal combination, which may still be applied simultaneously under given conditions. However, the potential mechanism of their compatibility and incompatibility is unclear. In the present study, two different ratios of kansui and licorice, representing their compatibility and incompatibility respectively, were designed to elucidate their interaction by comparative plasma/tissue metabolomics and a heatmap with relative fold change. As a result, glycocholic acid, prostaglandin F2a, dihydroceramide and sphinganine were screened out as the principal alternative biomarkers of compatibility group;sphinganine, dihydroceramide, arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4, acetoacetic acid and linoleic acid were those of incompatibility group. Based on the values of biomarkers in each tissue, the liver was identified as the compatible target organ, while the heart, liver, and kidney were the incompatible target organs. Furthermore, important pathways for compatibility and incompatibility were also constructed. These results help us to better understand and utilize the two herbs, and the study was the first to reveal some innate characters of herbs related to TCM “Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments”.
文摘Numbers of 300 day-old broiler chickens through a CRD design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 20 chicks in each pen were used to evaluate the effect of thyme (T), licorice (L), thyme + licorice (TL), and enzyme supplemented (E) diets on performance, immune and carcass characteristics. According to the results, performance traits, immune indices, and carcass traits in herbal medicine and enzyme supplemented diets were improved significantly than control diet (P < 0.05). Weight gain and FCR in T and E groups were significantly higher and lower than other groups respectively (P < 0.05). Internal organs such as abdominal fat and liver weight as indicators of lipogenesis rate were decreased in T, L, and TL diets than control or E diet significantly (P < 0.05). Immune organs such as burse and spleen weight as indicators of immune situation were increased in TL diet than other treatments significantly (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that thyme and licorice singly or in combination as organic herbal medicine can affect performance, carcass and immune characteristics. Also an improved immune organ such as burse or spleen in this study indicates that this herbal medicine can promote the immune situation and efficacy of health and livability.
基金This work was supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:81430095).
文摘Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients have been isolated from licorice,including triterpene saponins and flavonoids,which are normally being considered to be the main biologically active components.In the last decade,licorice has been proved exert anti-diabetic effect in various in vivo and in vitro models of diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,licorice can also antagonize all sorts of diabetes complications,including diabetic nephropathy,atherosclerosis,diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.Except anti-inflammation,licorice and its active components show anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion,regulating lipid metabolism,and anti-oxidation.The useful effects of licorice and its active components are due to regulating different pathways and proteins,including NF-κB,AMPK,insulin signaling pathway,MAPK,etc.In this review,we provide an overview of the beneficial effects and related molecular mechanism of licorice and its effective components on improving diabetes and its complications.
文摘We describe an 80-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation,anti-coagulated with warfarin,who on two separate occasions developed black tarry stools and an elevated international normalized ratio(INR) after eating a pound of Black Licorice.During her most recent episode,her hematocrit was 14(baseline 34) and her INR was 5.5(baseline 2.1).She was advised to restrict licorice consumption,and a follow-up INR two weeks later was 1.2.Black Licorice is derived from the root of the plant,Glycyrrhiza glabra.The components of its extract inhibit the P450 system enzymes that metabolize Warfarin,inhibit thrombin,and prolong fibrinogen clotting times.Hence,the anti-thrombotic activity and inhibition of warfarin metabolism might synergistically amplify anticoagulation.The presence of Black Licorice in the stool can also mimic melena and confound its clinical presentation.Health care providers should caution patients who are at risk for bleeding or on warfarin to avoid black licorice due to an elevated risk of gastroint estinal bleeding.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(21276024,21276025)National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Program)(2012AA02A704)
文摘Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3,a fungus producingβ-glucuronidase(PGUS),can convert glycyrrhizin(GL)to glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide(GAMG)when grown in medium with GL as the sole carbon source.In order to improve the conversion rate of GL and the yield of GAMG,licorice extract(LE)was added as an inducer to enhance the production of GAMG by the PGUS.In this work,the influence of LE on the conversion rate of GL to GAMG was studied.When the Penicillium purpurogenum Li-3was grown in the medium containing LE and GL(concentration ratio of LE to GL was 2∶3),the conversion rate of GL was 84.12% with 38.18%increase and the yield of GAMG was 80.47% with 37.18%increase,comparing with to the medium only containing GL at 48h.The enzyme activity ofβ-glucuronidase was also enhanced from 22.4U/mL to 82.3U/mL,which increased up to about 3.67fold.The results showed that LE could significantly improve the induced expression level of PGUS.
文摘Licorice (Glycyrrhira) is one of the important medical resources in arid area. It is dis-tributed between 30 and 55 degrees north latitude, especially in arid area 40 degrees northlatitude. There are about nine or ten species of licorice in our country. Not only it has ahigh economical value, but also it is an important sand-control plant for
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the factors,and the content of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid as the evaluation index,the processing technology for roasted licorice with water was optimized.[Results]The best processing technology of licorice was as follows:Pure licorice slices were mixed with water and moistened for 3 h,and then fried at 160℃for 6 min.20 kg of water was added to every 100 kg of licorice.[Conclusions]The best processing technology for roasted licorice with water was established,laying a foundation for the research and application of roasted licorice with water and its preparation.
文摘Objective: To study the curative effect of licorice flavonoid Chinese herbal frond cream combined with Awei A capsule in the treatment of psoriasis. Methods: During the period from April 2016 to March 2018, a total of 116 patients with psoriasis in our hospital were randomly divided into the experimental group (the treatment of licorice flavonoids and Chinese acupoint cream combined with Awei A capsule) and the control group (single use) Avi A capsule treatment). Comparison of blood lipid metabolism indexes (high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) and serum biochemical indicators (neutrophil elastase, endogenous inhibitor of NE, placental cadherin) statistical difference in content. The statistical differences between PASI score and DLQI score before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. At the end of treatment, the statistical difference between the clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. Results:The levels of serum NE, Trappin-2 and P-cad in patients before and after treatment showed a significant downward trend. The content of NE, Trappin-2 and P-cad in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The content of HDL-C in lipid metabolism index increased significantly before and after treatment, and the content of APOA and LDL-C decreased significantly. The content of HDL-C in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The content of APOA and LDL-C was significantly lower than that of the control group. The PASI score and DLQI score of patients before and after treatment decreased significantly. After treatment, the PASI score and DLQI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was significantly different. The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group. The skin of the experimental group was dry, itchy, and the skin desquamation was significantly less than that of the control group. Conclusion: Licorice Flavonoids and Avi A capsules have the advantages of improving blood lipid metabolism in the treatment of psoriasis, while reducing the recurrence rate and reducing the occurrence of common adverse reactions such as skin itching, dryness and abnormal liver function. It has a good clinical application significance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204878).
文摘Licorice,a perennial herb of Leguminosa,is one of the oldest and most widely used herbal medicines worldwide.Its distinct sweet flavor and rich medicinal value make it an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulations,which continue to be widely employed.The main chemical constituents of licorice include triterpenoid saponins,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that various extracts and pure compounds derived from licorice exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiviral,antitumor,immune-regulatory,and neuroprotective activities.The bioactive constituents of licorice offer therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus,and liver disorders.This comprehensive review discusses the primary chemical constituents of licorice and their pharmacological activities,describes in vivo and in vitro models employed for studying licorice,and its potential targets and mechanisms of action.Furthermore,we discuss the toxicological profile,side effects,dosage recommendations,and clinical applications of licorice.This review aims to establish a foundation for further research on the safe and effective utilization of licorice while facilitating an in-depth exploration of its properties and fostering the development of novel therapeutic agents.
基金supported by Beijing Project for Young Talents (YETP0819)
文摘Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. Recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral,antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. This paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice. The active components and the possible mechanisms for these activities are summarized in detail. This review will be helpful for the further studies of licorice for its potential therapeutic effects as an antiviral or an antimicrobial agent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81160541and 81373946)the Project of Health Department of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.2011A143)the priority academic program development of Jiangsu higher education institutions(PAPD)
文摘Triptolide(TP) from Tripterygium wilfordii has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. TP is specially used for the treatment of awkward rheumatoid arthritis, but its clinical application is confined by intense side effects. It is reported that licorice can obviously reduce the toxicity of TP, but the detailed mechanisms involved have not been comprehensively investigated. The current study aimed to explore metabolomics characteristics of the toxic reaction induced by TP and the intervention effect of licorice water extraction(LWE) against such toxicity. Obtained urine samples from control, TP and TP + LWE treated rats were analyzed by UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS. The metabolic profiles of the control and the TP group were well differentiated by the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The toxicity of TP was demonstrated to be evolving along with the exposure time of TP. Eight potential biomarkers related to TP toxicity were successfully identified in urine samples. Furthermore, LWE treatment could attenuate the change in six of the eight identified biomarkers. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the alterations in these metabolites were associated with tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism. Therefore, it was concluded that LWE demonstrated interventional effects on TP toxicity through regulation of tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism pathways, which provided novel insights into the possible mechanisms of TP toxicity as well as the potential therapeutic effects of LWE against such toxicity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30472148 and 30772732)
文摘Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) seeds were flown on a recoverable satellite for 18 days(the average radiation dose in the flight recovery module was 0.102 mGy/d, the distance from flight apogee to earth was 350 km, gravity 10-6). After returning to earth, the seeds were germinated and grown to maturity. The parallel ground-based seeds were also planted under the same conditions. The leaves of licorice were used for inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and the two main secondary me-tabolites in one-year-old roots were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among 22 random primers used in this experiment, 6 primers generated different DNA band types. Analysis of HPLC showed that the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and liquiritin (LQ) in the roots from seeds flown in space was respectively 2.19, 1.18 times higher than that of the control group. The results demonstrated that the extraterrestrial environment induced mutagenic effects on licorice and affected its secondary metabolites. These changes indicated that extraterrestrial orbit is possible means of breeding of licorice so as to preserve this endangered medicinal plant.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars of the Ministry of Education of China(2011)the Project of Experiment Animal Platform of Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C37026)the Hangzhou Science and Technology Development Plan(No.20100333T24),China
文摘A relationship between status epilepticus(SE)and oxidative stress has recently begun to be recognized.To explore whether the flavonoids extracted from licorice(LFs)have any protective effect on kainate(KA)-induced seizure in mice,we treated mice with LFs before and after KA injection.In KA-treated mice,we found that superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity decreased immediately after the onset of seizure at 1 h and then increased at 6 h.It returned to baseline 1 d after seizure and then increased again at 3,7,and 28 d,while malondialdehyde(MDA)content remained at a high level at 1 h,6 h,3 d,7 d,and 28 d,indicating a more oxidized status related to the presence of more reactive oxygen species(ROS).Treatment with LFs before KA injection reversed the seizure-induced change in SOD activity and MDA content at 1 h,6 h,3 d,7 d,and 28 d.Treatment with LFs after seizure decreased KA-induced SOD activity and MDA content at 7 and 28 d.Also,LF pre-and post-KA treatments decreased seizure-induced neuronal cell death.Subsequently,Morris water maze tests revealed that the escape latency was significantly decreased and the number of target quadrant crossings was markedly increased in the LF-treated groups.Thus,our data indicate that LFs have protective effects on seizure-induced neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment through their anti-oxidative effects.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.81903788 and 81900780).
文摘Pseudo-allergic reactions(PARs)widely occur upon application of drugs or functional foods.Anti-pseudo-allergic ingredients from natural products have attracted much attention.This study aimed to investigate anti-pseudo-allergic compounds in licorice.The anti-pseudo-allergic effect of licorice extract was evaluated in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3(RBL-2H3)cells.Anti-pseudo-allergic compounds were screened by using RBL-2H3 cell extraction and the effects of target components were verified further in RBL-2H3 cells,mouse peritoneal mast cells(MPMCs)and mice.Molecular docking and human MRGPRX2-expressing HEK293T cells(MRGPRX2-HEK293T cells)extraction were performed to determine the potential ligands of MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2(MRGPRX2),a pivotal target for PARs.Glycyrrhizic acid(GA)and licorice chalcone A(LA)were screened and shown to inhibit Compound48/80-induced degranulation and calcium influx in RBL-2H3 cells.GA and LA also inhibited degranulation in MPMCs and increase of histamine and TNF-a in mice.LA could bind to MRGPRX2,as determined by molecular docking and MRGPRX2-HEK293T cell extraction.Our study provides a strong rationale for using GA and LA as novel treatment options for PARs.LA is a potential ligand of MRGPRX2.
