Macrophages,existed in almost all organs of the body,are responsible for detecting tissue injury,pathogens,playing a key role in host defense against a variety of invading pathogens triggering inflammatory responses.E...Macrophages,existed in almost all organs of the body,are responsible for detecting tissue injury,pathogens,playing a key role in host defense against a variety of invading pathogens triggering inflammatory responses.Emerging evidence suggests that macrophage-mediated immune responses are efficiently regulated by the ubiquitination modification,which is responsible for normal immune responses.However,numerous studies indicates that the aberrant activation or inhibition of macrophage-mediated immune responses occurs in inflammation,mainly caused by dysregulated ubiquitination modification due to E3 ubiquitin ligases mutations or abnormal expression.Notably,E3 ubiquitin ligases,responsible for recognizing the substrates,are key enzymes in the ubiquitin proteasome system(UPS)composed of ubiquitin(Ub),ubiquitin-activating E1 enzymes,ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes,E3 ubiquitin ligases,26S proteasome,and deubiquitinating enzymes.Intriguingly,several E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in the regulation of some common signal pathways in macrophage-mediated inflammation,including Toll-like receptors(TLRs),nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs),RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs),C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)and the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE).Herein,we summarized the physiological and pathological roles of E3 ligases in macrophage-mediated inflammation,as well as the inhibitors and agonists targeting E3 ligases in macrophage mediated inflammation,providing the new ideas for targeted therapies in macrophage-mediated inflammation caused aberrant function of E3 ligases.展开更多
Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocar...Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocarcinoma as the most common type.In recent years,with an increasingly aging society and the growing number of obese people,the incidence of EC is constantly rising,posing a serious threat to women’s health.Some studies have reported that the interruption of digestion and absorption caused by imbalance in intestinal microbiota may lead to conditions such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hormone imbalance,which are all risk factors for EC.Meanwhile,intestinal bacteria produce a series of metabolites during colonization and reproduction,which can rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment of the body.Changes in their types and quantities can serve as sensitive indicators of physiological and pathological changes in the body.Patients with EC often suffer from metabolic diseases,which can lead to metabolic disorders involving carbohydrates,fats,and amino acid in their bodies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome(AS)is caused by maternal chromosomal deletions,imprinting defects,paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 15 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3A gene mutations.However the gene...BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome(AS)is caused by maternal chromosomal deletions,imprinting defects,paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 15 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3A gene mutations.However the genetic basis remains unclear for several patients.AIM To investigate the involvement of UBE3A gene in AS and identifying new potential genes using exome sequencing.METHODS We established a cohort study in 50 patients referred to Farhat Hached University Hospital between 2006 and 2021,with a strong suspicion of AS and absence of chromosomal aberrations.The UBE3A gene was screened for mutation detection.Two unrelated patients issued from consanguineous families were subjected to exome analysis.RESULTS We describe seven UBE3A variants among them 3 none previously described including intronic variants c.2220+14T>C(intron14),c.2507+43T>A(Exon15)and insertion in Exon7:c.30-47_30-46.The exome sequencing revealed 22 potential genes that could be involved in AS-like syndromes that should be investigated further.CONCLUSION Screening for UBE3A mutations in AS patients has been proven to be useful to confirm the diagnosis.Our exome findings could rise to new potential alternative target genes for genetic counseling.展开更多
E3 ubiquitin ligases have an important role in carcinogenesis and include a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome.So far,E3...E3 ubiquitin ligases have an important role in carcinogenesis and include a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome.So far,E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reported to have a role in a variety of biological processes including cell cycle regulation,cell proliferation,and apoptosis.Recently,several kinds of E3 ubiquitin ligases were demonstrated to be generally highly expressed in gastric cancer(GC) tissues and to contribute to carcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize thecurrent knowledge and information about the clinical significance of E3 ubiquitin ligases in GC.Bortezomib,a proteasome inhibitor,encouraged the evaluation of other components of the ubiquitin proteasome system for pharmaceutical intervention.The clinical value of novel treatment strategies targeting aberrant E3 ubiquitin ligases for GC are discussed in the review.展开更多
E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome.Therefore,E3 ubiquitin ligases play an essential role in a...E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome.Therefore,E3 ubiquitin ligases play an essential role in a variety of biological processes including cell cycle regulation,proliferation and apoptosis.E3 ubiquitin ligases are often found overexpressed in human cancers,including lung cancer,and their deregulation has been shown to contribute to cancer development.However,the lack of specific inhibitors in clinical trials is a major issue in targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases with currently only one E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor being tested in the clinical setting.In this review,we focus on E3 ubiquitin ligases that have been found deregulated in lung cancer.Furthermore,we discuss the processes in which they are involved and evaluate them as potential anti-cancer targets.By better understanding the mechanisms by which E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate biological processes and their exact role in carcinogenesis,we can improve the development of specific E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitors and pave the way for novel treatment strategies for cancer patients.展开更多
Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic,endemic,degenerative osteoarthropathic condition that is predominantly found in China's Mainland.KBD is a progressive disease,and the signs and symptoms become more severe in a...Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic,endemic,degenerative osteoarthropathic condition that is predominantly found in China's Mainland.KBD is a progressive disease,and the signs and symptoms become more severe in adulthood owing to the continuous development of lesions in the joint cartilage[1].Although childhood KBD has largely been controlled,adult KBD is an important health concern in rural regions.Unfortunately,in the last century,many adult KBD patients still remain during serious epidemics.展开更多
Numerous instances of poisoning caused by the ingestion of mushrooms are reported annually worldwide,with most mushroom poisoning deaths caused by the ingestion of toxic amanita fungi.Amatoxin is the main toxic compon...Numerous instances of poisoning caused by the ingestion of mushrooms are reported annually worldwide,with most mushroom poisoning deaths caused by the ingestion of toxic amanita fungi.Amatoxin is the main toxic component of amanita,andα-amanitin is one of the most potent toxins present in amatoxin[1].展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excit...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in neuronal and synaptic functions.展开更多
Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenes...Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenesis protein(BMP)pathway.After further research,several studies have confirmed that Smurf1 is widely involved in various biological processes,such as bone homeostasis regulation,cell migration,apoptosis,and planar cell polarity.At the same time,recent studies have provided a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Smurf1’s expression,activity,and substrate selectivity.In our review,a brief summary of recent important biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is proposed.展开更多
目的探讨泛素连接酶肌肉环指状蛋白2(muscle ring finger protein 2,MuRF2)对缺氧心肌细胞活力和自噬的调控作用。方法构建大鼠源MuRF2基因过表达和敲减慢病毒载体,分别感染大鼠心肌细胞H9C2。将H9C2细胞分为阴性对照组(NC)、阳性对照组...目的探讨泛素连接酶肌肉环指状蛋白2(muscle ring finger protein 2,MuRF2)对缺氧心肌细胞活力和自噬的调控作用。方法构建大鼠源MuRF2基因过表达和敲减慢病毒载体,分别感染大鼠心肌细胞H9C2。将H9C2细胞分为阴性对照组(NC)、阳性对照组[MuRF2过表达空载体组(LV-Vector)、MuRF2敲减空载体组(LV-RNAi-Vector)]、Mu RF2过表达组(LV-MuRF2)和MuRF2敲减组(LV-RNAi-MuRF2),缺氧培养(5%CO_(2)、1%O_(2)、94%N_(2))后,采用CCK-8法和ELISA法检测心肌细胞损伤水平,利用透射电子显微镜检测心肌细胞超微结构和自噬水平变化,采用Western blot测定自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ和P62的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,缺氧组心肌细胞间隙增大、细胞皱缩、多见漂浮的死亡细胞和细胞碎片,心肌细胞活力下降、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)含量增加(P均<0.05);电子显微镜下可观察到部分线粒体发生肿胀,并存在嵴断裂、嵴溶解现象,自噬小体散在胞质内;缺氧组LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平升高,P62蛋白表达水平降低(P均<0.05)。缺氧培养后,与NC组和LV-Vector组相比,LV-MuRF2组细胞活力增加,偶见自噬小体,LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平降低、P62蛋白表达水平增高(P均<0.05);与NC组和LV-RNAi-Vector组相比,LV-RNAi-MuRF2组细胞活力降低,可见大量自噬小体,LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平升高、P62蛋白表达水平降低(P均<0.05)。结论泛素连接酶MuRF2可减轻缺氧所致的心肌细胞损伤,其机制可能与抑制心肌细胞线粒体自噬有关。展开更多
文摘Macrophages,existed in almost all organs of the body,are responsible for detecting tissue injury,pathogens,playing a key role in host defense against a variety of invading pathogens triggering inflammatory responses.Emerging evidence suggests that macrophage-mediated immune responses are efficiently regulated by the ubiquitination modification,which is responsible for normal immune responses.However,numerous studies indicates that the aberrant activation or inhibition of macrophage-mediated immune responses occurs in inflammation,mainly caused by dysregulated ubiquitination modification due to E3 ubiquitin ligases mutations or abnormal expression.Notably,E3 ubiquitin ligases,responsible for recognizing the substrates,are key enzymes in the ubiquitin proteasome system(UPS)composed of ubiquitin(Ub),ubiquitin-activating E1 enzymes,ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes,E3 ubiquitin ligases,26S proteasome,and deubiquitinating enzymes.Intriguingly,several E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in the regulation of some common signal pathways in macrophage-mediated inflammation,including Toll-like receptors(TLRs),nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs),RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs),C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)and the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE).Herein,we summarized the physiological and pathological roles of E3 ligases in macrophage-mediated inflammation,as well as the inhibitors and agonists targeting E3 ligases in macrophage mediated inflammation,providing the new ideas for targeted therapies in macrophage-mediated inflammation caused aberrant function of E3 ligases.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant number 202103021224394).
文摘Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocarcinoma as the most common type.In recent years,with an increasingly aging society and the growing number of obese people,the incidence of EC is constantly rising,posing a serious threat to women’s health.Some studies have reported that the interruption of digestion and absorption caused by imbalance in intestinal microbiota may lead to conditions such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hormone imbalance,which are all risk factors for EC.Meanwhile,intestinal bacteria produce a series of metabolites during colonization and reproduction,which can rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment of the body.Changes in their types and quantities can serve as sensitive indicators of physiological and pathological changes in the body.Patients with EC often suffer from metabolic diseases,which can lead to metabolic disorders involving carbohydrates,fats,and amino acid in their bodies.
文摘BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome(AS)is caused by maternal chromosomal deletions,imprinting defects,paternal uniparental disomy involving chromosome 15 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase UBE3A gene mutations.However the genetic basis remains unclear for several patients.AIM To investigate the involvement of UBE3A gene in AS and identifying new potential genes using exome sequencing.METHODS We established a cohort study in 50 patients referred to Farhat Hached University Hospital between 2006 and 2021,with a strong suspicion of AS and absence of chromosomal aberrations.The UBE3A gene was screened for mutation detection.Two unrelated patients issued from consanguineous families were subjected to exome analysis.RESULTS We describe seven UBE3A variants among them 3 none previously described including intronic variants c.2220+14T>C(intron14),c.2507+43T>A(Exon15)and insertion in Exon7:c.30-47_30-46.The exome sequencing revealed 22 potential genes that could be involved in AS-like syndromes that should be investigated further.CONCLUSION Screening for UBE3A mutations in AS patients has been proven to be useful to confirm the diagnosis.Our exome findings could rise to new potential alternative target genes for genetic counseling.
文摘E3 ubiquitin ligases have an important role in carcinogenesis and include a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome.So far,E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reported to have a role in a variety of biological processes including cell cycle regulation,cell proliferation,and apoptosis.Recently,several kinds of E3 ubiquitin ligases were demonstrated to be generally highly expressed in gastric cancer(GC) tissues and to contribute to carcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize thecurrent knowledge and information about the clinical significance of E3 ubiquitin ligases in GC.Bortezomib,a proteasome inhibitor,encouraged the evaluation of other components of the ubiquitin proteasome system for pharmaceutical intervention.The clinical value of novel treatment strategies targeting aberrant E3 ubiquitin ligases for GC are discussed in the review.
文摘E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome.Therefore,E3 ubiquitin ligases play an essential role in a variety of biological processes including cell cycle regulation,proliferation and apoptosis.E3 ubiquitin ligases are often found overexpressed in human cancers,including lung cancer,and their deregulation has been shown to contribute to cancer development.However,the lack of specific inhibitors in clinical trials is a major issue in targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases with currently only one E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor being tested in the clinical setting.In this review,we focus on E3 ubiquitin ligases that have been found deregulated in lung cancer.Furthermore,we discuss the processes in which they are involved and evaluate them as potential anti-cancer targets.By better understanding the mechanisms by which E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate biological processes and their exact role in carcinogenesis,we can improve the development of specific E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitors and pave the way for novel treatment strategies for cancer patients.
基金supported by basic research projects of Qinghai province[2017-ZJ-770]projects of Qinghai province health and family planning commission[2017-wjzdx-38]+1 种基金the 2020"Kunlun TalentsHigh-tech Innovation and Entrepreneurial Talents"project to cultivate leading talents of Qinghai province。
文摘Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic,endemic,degenerative osteoarthropathic condition that is predominantly found in China's Mainland.KBD is a progressive disease,and the signs and symptoms become more severe in adulthood owing to the continuous development of lesions in the joint cartilage[1].Although childhood KBD has largely been controlled,adult KBD is an important health concern in rural regions.Unfortunately,in the last century,many adult KBD patients still remain during serious epidemics.
基金financially supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program[No.Qiankehe[2021]496]Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Health Commission[No.gzwkj2021-407]+1 种基金National Major Research Project[No.2017YFC1601805]Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Program[No.Qiankehe[2017]2972]。
文摘Numerous instances of poisoning caused by the ingestion of mushrooms are reported annually worldwide,with most mushroom poisoning deaths caused by the ingestion of toxic amanita fungi.Amatoxin is the main toxic component of amanita,andα-amanitin is one of the most potent toxins present in amatoxin[1].
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in neuronal and synaptic functions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB155)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701338)Part of the work was supported by Postdoctoral Creative Research Positions of Hubei Province of China(No.2021).
文摘Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenesis protein(BMP)pathway.After further research,several studies have confirmed that Smurf1 is widely involved in various biological processes,such as bone homeostasis regulation,cell migration,apoptosis,and planar cell polarity.At the same time,recent studies have provided a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Smurf1’s expression,activity,and substrate selectivity.In our review,a brief summary of recent important biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is proposed.
文摘目的探讨泛素连接酶肌肉环指状蛋白2(muscle ring finger protein 2,MuRF2)对缺氧心肌细胞活力和自噬的调控作用。方法构建大鼠源MuRF2基因过表达和敲减慢病毒载体,分别感染大鼠心肌细胞H9C2。将H9C2细胞分为阴性对照组(NC)、阳性对照组[MuRF2过表达空载体组(LV-Vector)、MuRF2敲减空载体组(LV-RNAi-Vector)]、Mu RF2过表达组(LV-MuRF2)和MuRF2敲减组(LV-RNAi-MuRF2),缺氧培养(5%CO_(2)、1%O_(2)、94%N_(2))后,采用CCK-8法和ELISA法检测心肌细胞损伤水平,利用透射电子显微镜检测心肌细胞超微结构和自噬水平变化,采用Western blot测定自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ和P62的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,缺氧组心肌细胞间隙增大、细胞皱缩、多见漂浮的死亡细胞和细胞碎片,心肌细胞活力下降、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)含量增加(P均<0.05);电子显微镜下可观察到部分线粒体发生肿胀,并存在嵴断裂、嵴溶解现象,自噬小体散在胞质内;缺氧组LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平升高,P62蛋白表达水平降低(P均<0.05)。缺氧培养后,与NC组和LV-Vector组相比,LV-MuRF2组细胞活力增加,偶见自噬小体,LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平降低、P62蛋白表达水平增高(P均<0.05);与NC组和LV-RNAi-Vector组相比,LV-RNAi-MuRF2组细胞活力降低,可见大量自噬小体,LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平升高、P62蛋白表达水平降低(P均<0.05)。结论泛素连接酶MuRF2可减轻缺氧所致的心肌细胞损伤,其机制可能与抑制心肌细胞线粒体自噬有关。
