As energy gradually becomes a more valuable commodity, the desire for reduced energy losses strengthens. Lighting is a critical field on this matter, as it accounts for a large percentage of the global electricity con...As energy gradually becomes a more valuable commodity, the desire for reduced energy losses strengthens. Lighting is a critical field on this matter, as it accounts for a large percentage of the global electricity consumption and modern lighting systems are greatly more efficient than incandescent, discharge, and fluorescent lights. Previous research has proven that plants do not require the entire visible spectrum but react only to specific wavelengths, making it possible to control their growth and yield via artificial lighting. The flexibility of control of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights allows for the combination of great energy losses reduction and controlled plant growth, achieving the improvement of two major parameters in a single action. This review paper summarizes the current research on the effect different light wavelengths have on specific plant species and discusses the applications of LED lighting for horticulture, yield storage, and disease protection.展开更多
With China’s continued development of society and economy, the importance of ecological environmental protection is growing. This protection has become an indispensable part of social development. The use of various ...With China’s continued development of society and economy, the importance of ecological environmental protection is growing. This protection has become an indispensable part of social development. The use of various green environmental protection equipment can effectively promote ecological environmental protection and reduce the adverse effects of human activities on the environment. In the field of sports lighting equipment in China, traditional lighting methods constitute an inherent danger to the environment, leading to a waste of valuable resources and environmental pollution. This study involves a multi-tile-multifunctional-function controller, which effectively solves the control problem of the control light. In the sports lighting group, the high and low-level lighting of the sports lighting group, and adjust the light from the height highly effectively to adjust each height. The low-shot mode reduces the power consumption of the system by about 33% to 60%, which significantly helps energy saving. By optimizing the performance of the lighting system, promoting the preservation of power resources, reducing the adverse effects of pollution caused by equipment utilization and energy waste, and promoting the harmonious cohabitation of human and natural environment. .展开更多
Night lighting has been shown to affect wild animals.To date,the effects of night lighting on the metabolic homeostasis of birds that spend short time in urban environments remain unclear.Using model bird species Zebr...Night lighting has been shown to affect wild animals.To date,the effects of night lighting on the metabolic homeostasis of birds that spend short time in urban environments remain unclear.Using model bird species Zebra Finch(Taeniopygia guttata),we investigated the effects of short-term night lighting on liver transcriptome,blood glucose,triglyceride,and thyroxine(T4 and T3)levels in birds exposed to two different night lighting duration periods(three days and six days).After three days of night lighting exposure,the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis in the liver was upregulated while the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride decomposition was downregulated.There was also a reduction in blood triglyceride,glucose,and T3 concentrations.However,after six days of night lighting,the expression of genes associated with fatty acid decomposition and hyperglycemia in the liver was upregulated,while the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis was downregulated.Simultaneously,blood glucose levels and T3 concentration increased.These findings indicate that short-term exposure to night lighting can disrupt the lipid and glucose metabolism of small passerine birds,and longer stopovers in urban area with intense night lighting may cause birds to consume more lipid energy.展开更多
A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cuttin...A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.展开更多
Arugula(Eruca sativa Mill.),as an edible medicinal vegetable of peculiar flavor,is served as uncooked dish.The influence of variable lighting intensity(LI)on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of hydro...Arugula(Eruca sativa Mill.),as an edible medicinal vegetable of peculiar flavor,is served as uncooked dish.The influence of variable lighting intensity(LI)on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of hydroponically grown arugula was investigated by using light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to light the hydroponically grown arugula for a reference for industrialized arugula production.The dynamic demands of arugula for LI in the seedling stage,initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage were tested under two light quality conditions including a red/blue light ratio of 7:1 and a light/dark photoperiod of 12 h/12 h.Then,the curves of variable LI-induced changes in the growth indices of arugula in different development periods were drawn.Next,the influence of variable LI on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of arugula was investigated by measuring the dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content,vitamin C content and soluble protein content.Variable LI significantly increased the height,stem diameter,leaf width,dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of arugula plant.Plant height,stem diameter,dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content were the highest in the group exposed to LI of 200,300 and 300μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1)during the seedling stage,initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage,respectively.The greatest leaf width was achieved at LI of 100,250 and 350μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1),respectively.High intensity LI markedly repressed the synthesis of vitamin C.展开更多
In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the neces...In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.展开更多
In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was establis...In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.展开更多
At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful ...At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.展开更多
The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">indoor a...The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design rel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ies</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concern</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial building</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">light automatically is measured by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy sav</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">standard size was calculated.展开更多
At present,the number of road engineering projects is increasing,and the corresponding street lighting work is receiving much more attention.In order to improve the lighting,operation,convenience,and energy-saving eff...At present,the number of road engineering projects is increasing,and the corresponding street lighting work is receiving much more attention.In order to improve the lighting,operation,convenience,and energy-saving effect of urban streets,the concept of“smart lighting”needs to be implemented.This includes the planning of an urban street lighting design scheme and the use of appropriate software as well as components to realize significant optimization of the lighting work in urban streets.Therefore,this paper discusses the application measures of smart lighting in urban street lighting to provide reference.展开更多
Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR lig...Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day(EOD).High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red(peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue(peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) of 144 μmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps,and combined with overhead supplemental FR light(peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 μmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps.Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00(FR12),18:00–19:30(EOD-FR1.5),18:00–18:30(EOD-FR0.5),and control that without supplemental FR light.The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control.Moreover,FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area.The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy.Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control,which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield.Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light.Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments.No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production.We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting,overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production.And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable,as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.展开更多
The incidence of myopia has increased rapidly in recent decades, suggesting that environmental factors, such as light,may be an important cause. Correlated color temperature(CCT) is a commonly used index to quantify t...The incidence of myopia has increased rapidly in recent decades, suggesting that environmental factors, such as light,may be an important cause. Correlated color temperature(CCT) is a commonly used index to quantify the spectral composition of light. Here, we used 32 juvenile monkeys(16 females and 16 males) and selected four kinds of light with typical but different CCTs to study the relationship between CCT and ocular axial elongation.展开更多
Smart lighting system based on PLC (Power Line Communication) is lack of extensibility due to low data rate and non-standard communication protocol. 6LoWPAN is an IP-based communication standard for WSN (Wireless Sens...Smart lighting system based on PLC (Power Line Communication) is lack of extensibility due to low data rate and non-standard communication protocol. 6LoWPAN is an IP-based communication standard for WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) proposed by IETF. We upgraded the SEMS smart lighting system from PLC to 6LoWPAN, PLC nodes were replaced by 6LoWPAN nodes and centralized controllers were replaced by border routers. 6LoWPAN system testing was carried out on the street after the implementation. The results show that smart lighting system based on 6LoWPAN is better than PLC in transmission rate, signal coverage range, compatibility and extensibility.展开更多
A new method creating depth information for 2D/3D conversion was proposed. The distance between objects is determined by the distances between objects and light source position which is estimated by the analysis of th...A new method creating depth information for 2D/3D conversion was proposed. The distance between objects is determined by the distances between objects and light source position which is estimated by the analysis of the image. The estimated lighting value is used to normalize the image. A threshold value is determined by some weighted operation between the original image and the normalized image. By applying the threshold value to the original image, background area is removed. Depth information of interested area is calculated from the lighting changes. The final 3D images converted with the proposed method are used to verify its effectiveness.展开更多
Based on the current indoor natural ventilation and lighting in the space of traditional residential buildings,this paper starts from the passive-design optimization of the spatial natural ventilation and lighting,and...Based on the current indoor natural ventilation and lighting in the space of traditional residential buildings,this paper starts from the passive-design optimization of the spatial natural ventilation and lighting,and makes quantitative evaluation on the quality of current interior natural ventilation and lighting for two typical residential buildings by three indexes,including wind speed,static wind area ratio and satisfaction ratio about minimum lighting coefficient. Based on that, this paper conducts the passive design optimization, and establishes the quantitative association and reevaluation among the passive reformation design, natural ventilation,and lighting environmental quality,proposing the general strategy for the existing residential buildings to respond to the passive reformation design of the natural ventilation and lighting. The special reconstruction of core functionary space of integration of "the living room + dining room + partial space"is researched,and the redesign for the optimization and replacement of both indoor and outdoor enclosure parts is explored,which is expected to provide practical exploration on the strategies for passive construction of spatial natural environmental quality within a large number of highly-energy-consumed residential buildings in China,as well as the green design of residential buildings.展开更多
The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper publi...The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering Vol.3 No.4, April 2015, has been removed from this site.展开更多
Boost-Buck converter is widely used in LED lighting drivers. In this paper, Boost-Buck main circuit related characteristics are firstly discussed, and then a new Boost-Buck high power efficient double loop control str...Boost-Buck converter is widely used in LED lighting drivers. In this paper, Boost-Buck main circuit related characteristics are firstly discussed, and then a new Boost-Buck high power efficient double loop control strategy is built by adopting error amplifier and integrator control method. It is demonstrated that the new system has many advantages such as high efficiency, fast response, strong anti-interference, good stability after analyses and simulations of its working dynamic characteristics.展开更多
Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° n...Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° north. The study included 10 different treatments and six rose cultivars, altogether 900 plants. The 16 and 20 h LP were applied with or without a dark period of 8 and 4 h·day-1, respectively, by timing the LP in relation to daylight that lasted for 7 - 8 h. Number of days until flowering decreased with an increase in PFD and in LP up to 24 day-1 and was unaffected by the timing of the 16 and 20 h·day-1 LP. Number of flowers and plant dry weight increased 20% to 30% by increasing the PFD. Plant dry weight increased by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 (about 25%), but no effect was found with a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Mean growth rate until flowering increased 30% to 40% by increasing the PFD or by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h day-1, while little effect was found by a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Increasing the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 increased the growth rate more than increasing the PFD did. Three of the cultivars were tested for water loss after the detachment of some leaves. Leaves that had developed without a dark period showed a considerably higher water loss than the treatments that included a dark period of 4 or 8 h·day-1. The keeping quality at indoor conditions, however, was unaffected by the treatment due to sufficient watering. Powdery mildew developed significantly more on plants grown with a dark period of 8 h as compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that 20 h·day-1 LP including a dark period of 4 h·day-1 and a PFD of at least 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 should be applied to miniature roses during the winter months in order to effectively produce miniature pot roses with a high quality.展开更多
A series of uniform single-phase spherical BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors were prepared via a microwave hydrothermal method by using trisodium citrate dehydrate as surfactant.The phase structure,morphology an...A series of uniform single-phase spherical BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors were prepared via a microwave hydrothermal method by using trisodium citrate dehydrate as surfactant.The phase structure,morphology and photoluminescence properties were measured by powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope and fluorescence spectrometer,respectively.The results show that uniform spherical microcrystals with diameters in the range of 2–4μm are obtained.And the phase and morphology of samples are not significantly changed by doping rare earth(RE^(3+))ions.Under the excitation wavelength of 356 and 365 nm,the samples BaWO 4:0.03Dy^(3+),yTm^(3+)can emit cold white light.In order to lower the correlated color temperature(CCT)to get a warm white light,the Eu^(3+)ions were doped into BaWO 4:0.03Dy^(3+),0.01Tm^(3+).Especially,under the excitation of 365 nm,BaWO 4:0.03Dy^(3+),0.01Tm^(3+),0.03Eu^(3+)phosphor shew a bright warm white light with color coordi-nate of(0.4013,0.3629)and CCT of 3288 K.Moreover,in the BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors,the energy transfer mechanism among Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+)and Eu^(3+)ions have been discussed and the change of electron structures have been calculated by first-principles calculations.The results shew that the uniform single-phase spherical BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors could be favorable candidates in warm white LEDs.展开更多
The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Conseq...The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Consequently,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely ignored.Other factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users.Evidently,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other vehicles.However the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road conditions.The solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the drivers.This study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.展开更多
文摘As energy gradually becomes a more valuable commodity, the desire for reduced energy losses strengthens. Lighting is a critical field on this matter, as it accounts for a large percentage of the global electricity consumption and modern lighting systems are greatly more efficient than incandescent, discharge, and fluorescent lights. Previous research has proven that plants do not require the entire visible spectrum but react only to specific wavelengths, making it possible to control their growth and yield via artificial lighting. The flexibility of control of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights allows for the combination of great energy losses reduction and controlled plant growth, achieving the improvement of two major parameters in a single action. This review paper summarizes the current research on the effect different light wavelengths have on specific plant species and discusses the applications of LED lighting for horticulture, yield storage, and disease protection.
文摘With China’s continued development of society and economy, the importance of ecological environmental protection is growing. This protection has become an indispensable part of social development. The use of various green environmental protection equipment can effectively promote ecological environmental protection and reduce the adverse effects of human activities on the environment. In the field of sports lighting equipment in China, traditional lighting methods constitute an inherent danger to the environment, leading to a waste of valuable resources and environmental pollution. This study involves a multi-tile-multifunctional-function controller, which effectively solves the control problem of the control light. In the sports lighting group, the high and low-level lighting of the sports lighting group, and adjust the light from the height highly effectively to adjust each height. The low-shot mode reduces the power consumption of the system by about 33% to 60%, which significantly helps energy saving. By optimizing the performance of the lighting system, promoting the preservation of power resources, reducing the adverse effects of pollution caused by equipment utilization and energy waste, and promoting the harmonious cohabitation of human and natural environment. .
基金supported by grants from Key laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Area,National Ethnic Affairs Commission(KLEEMA202207)the Graduate Research and Practice Projects of Minzu University of China(BZKY2022042).
文摘Night lighting has been shown to affect wild animals.To date,the effects of night lighting on the metabolic homeostasis of birds that spend short time in urban environments remain unclear.Using model bird species Zebra Finch(Taeniopygia guttata),we investigated the effects of short-term night lighting on liver transcriptome,blood glucose,triglyceride,and thyroxine(T4 and T3)levels in birds exposed to two different night lighting duration periods(three days and six days).After three days of night lighting exposure,the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis in the liver was upregulated while the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride decomposition was downregulated.There was also a reduction in blood triglyceride,glucose,and T3 concentrations.However,after six days of night lighting,the expression of genes associated with fatty acid decomposition and hyperglycemia in the liver was upregulated,while the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis was downregulated.Simultaneously,blood glucose levels and T3 concentration increased.These findings indicate that short-term exposure to night lighting can disrupt the lipid and glucose metabolism of small passerine birds,and longer stopovers in urban area with intense night lighting may cause birds to consume more lipid energy.
文摘A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.
基金Supported by the National"the 13th Five-Year"Key R&D Program(2016YFD0701905)。
文摘Arugula(Eruca sativa Mill.),as an edible medicinal vegetable of peculiar flavor,is served as uncooked dish.The influence of variable lighting intensity(LI)on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of hydroponically grown arugula was investigated by using light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to light the hydroponically grown arugula for a reference for industrialized arugula production.The dynamic demands of arugula for LI in the seedling stage,initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage were tested under two light quality conditions including a red/blue light ratio of 7:1 and a light/dark photoperiod of 12 h/12 h.Then,the curves of variable LI-induced changes in the growth indices of arugula in different development periods were drawn.Next,the influence of variable LI on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of arugula was investigated by measuring the dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content,vitamin C content and soluble protein content.Variable LI significantly increased the height,stem diameter,leaf width,dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of arugula plant.Plant height,stem diameter,dry/fresh weight ratio,chlorophyll content and soluble protein content were the highest in the group exposed to LI of 200,300 and 300μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1)during the seedling stage,initial growth stage and vigorous growth stage,respectively.The greatest leaf width was achieved at LI of 100,250 and 350μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1),respectively.High intensity LI markedly repressed the synthesis of vitamin C.
文摘In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61463015)
文摘In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.
基金Project(2006BAJ02A02) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.
文摘The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design rel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ies</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concern</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial building</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">light automatically is measured by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy sav</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">standard size was calculated.
文摘At present,the number of road engineering projects is increasing,and the corresponding street lighting work is receiving much more attention.In order to improve the lighting,operation,convenience,and energy-saving effect of urban streets,the concept of“smart lighting”needs to be implemented.This includes the planning of an urban street lighting design scheme and the use of appropriate software as well as components to realize significant optimization of the lighting work in urban streets.Therefore,this paper discusses the application measures of smart lighting in urban street lighting to provide reference.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0403902)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST,2016QNRC001)
文摘Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day(EOD).High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red(peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue(peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) of 144 μmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps,and combined with overhead supplemental FR light(peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 μmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps.Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00(FR12),18:00–19:30(EOD-FR1.5),18:00–18:30(EOD-FR0.5),and control that without supplemental FR light.The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control.Moreover,FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area.The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy.Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control,which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield.Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light.Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments.No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production.We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting,overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production.And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable,as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative(STS)Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(E02E1801)+6 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0801403)Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(022006)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32060200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81941014,81771387,31800901,31960178)CAS“Light of West China”ProgramApplied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Yunnan Province(202001AT070130)National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The incidence of myopia has increased rapidly in recent decades, suggesting that environmental factors, such as light,may be an important cause. Correlated color temperature(CCT) is a commonly used index to quantify the spectral composition of light. Here, we used 32 juvenile monkeys(16 females and 16 males) and selected four kinds of light with typical but different CCTs to study the relationship between CCT and ocular axial elongation.
文摘Smart lighting system based on PLC (Power Line Communication) is lack of extensibility due to low data rate and non-standard communication protocol. 6LoWPAN is an IP-based communication standard for WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) proposed by IETF. We upgraded the SEMS smart lighting system from PLC to 6LoWPAN, PLC nodes were replaced by 6LoWPAN nodes and centralized controllers were replaced by border routers. 6LoWPAN system testing was carried out on the street after the implementation. The results show that smart lighting system based on 6LoWPAN is better than PLC in transmission rate, signal coverage range, compatibility and extensibility.
文摘A new method creating depth information for 2D/3D conversion was proposed. The distance between objects is determined by the distances between objects and light source position which is estimated by the analysis of the image. The estimated lighting value is used to normalize the image. A threshold value is determined by some weighted operation between the original image and the normalized image. By applying the threshold value to the original image, background area is removed. Depth information of interested area is calculated from the lighting changes. The final 3D images converted with the proposed method are used to verify its effectiveness.
基金Sponsored by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51138004)the South China Key Laboratory Fund (Grant No.20121458321)the Architect Design on Energy-saving Residence in Shanghai (Grant No.08-2A-0183-zong)
文摘Based on the current indoor natural ventilation and lighting in the space of traditional residential buildings,this paper starts from the passive-design optimization of the spatial natural ventilation and lighting,and makes quantitative evaluation on the quality of current interior natural ventilation and lighting for two typical residential buildings by three indexes,including wind speed,static wind area ratio and satisfaction ratio about minimum lighting coefficient. Based on that, this paper conducts the passive design optimization, and establishes the quantitative association and reevaluation among the passive reformation design, natural ventilation,and lighting environmental quality,proposing the general strategy for the existing residential buildings to respond to the passive reformation design of the natural ventilation and lighting. The special reconstruction of core functionary space of integration of "the living room + dining room + partial space"is researched,and the redesign for the optimization and replacement of both indoor and outdoor enclosure parts is explored,which is expected to provide practical exploration on the strategies for passive construction of spatial natural environmental quality within a large number of highly-energy-consumed residential buildings in China,as well as the green design of residential buildings.
文摘The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering Vol.3 No.4, April 2015, has been removed from this site.
文摘Boost-Buck converter is widely used in LED lighting drivers. In this paper, Boost-Buck main circuit related characteristics are firstly discussed, and then a new Boost-Buck high power efficient double loop control strategy is built by adopting error amplifier and integrator control method. It is demonstrated that the new system has many advantages such as high efficiency, fast response, strong anti-interference, good stability after analyses and simulations of its working dynamic characteristics.
文摘Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° north. The study included 10 different treatments and six rose cultivars, altogether 900 plants. The 16 and 20 h LP were applied with or without a dark period of 8 and 4 h·day-1, respectively, by timing the LP in relation to daylight that lasted for 7 - 8 h. Number of days until flowering decreased with an increase in PFD and in LP up to 24 day-1 and was unaffected by the timing of the 16 and 20 h·day-1 LP. Number of flowers and plant dry weight increased 20% to 30% by increasing the PFD. Plant dry weight increased by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 (about 25%), but no effect was found with a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Mean growth rate until flowering increased 30% to 40% by increasing the PFD or by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h day-1, while little effect was found by a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Increasing the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 increased the growth rate more than increasing the PFD did. Three of the cultivars were tested for water loss after the detachment of some leaves. Leaves that had developed without a dark period showed a considerably higher water loss than the treatments that included a dark period of 4 or 8 h·day-1. The keeping quality at indoor conditions, however, was unaffected by the treatment due to sufficient watering. Powdery mildew developed significantly more on plants grown with a dark period of 8 h as compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that 20 h·day-1 LP including a dark period of 4 h·day-1 and a PFD of at least 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 should be applied to miniature roses during the winter months in order to effectively produce miniature pot roses with a high quality.
基金This work was supported by Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘A series of uniform single-phase spherical BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors were prepared via a microwave hydrothermal method by using trisodium citrate dehydrate as surfactant.The phase structure,morphology and photoluminescence properties were measured by powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope and fluorescence spectrometer,respectively.The results show that uniform spherical microcrystals with diameters in the range of 2–4μm are obtained.And the phase and morphology of samples are not significantly changed by doping rare earth(RE^(3+))ions.Under the excitation wavelength of 356 and 365 nm,the samples BaWO 4:0.03Dy^(3+),yTm^(3+)can emit cold white light.In order to lower the correlated color temperature(CCT)to get a warm white light,the Eu^(3+)ions were doped into BaWO 4:0.03Dy^(3+),0.01Tm^(3+).Especially,under the excitation of 365 nm,BaWO 4:0.03Dy^(3+),0.01Tm^(3+),0.03Eu^(3+)phosphor shew a bright warm white light with color coordi-nate of(0.4013,0.3629)and CCT of 3288 K.Moreover,in the BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors,the energy transfer mechanism among Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+)and Eu^(3+)ions have been discussed and the change of electron structures have been calculated by first-principles calculations.The results shew that the uniform single-phase spherical BaWO 4:Dy^(3+),Tm^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors could be favorable candidates in warm white LEDs.
文摘The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road users.Consequently,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely ignored.Other factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(ADB)and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road users.Evidently,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other vehicles.However the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road conditions.The solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the drivers.This study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.
