The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, in...The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, including 56 well-logs and 3 sampling wells, was examined for sedimentology and geochemistry in relation to uranium concentrations. The results show that coal-bearing series can influence uranium mineralization from two aspects, i.e., spatial distribution and dynamic control. Five types of uranium-bearing rocks are recognized, mainly occurring in the braided river and braided delta sedimentary facies, among which sandstones near the coals are the most important. The lithological associations of sandstone-type uranium deposits can be classified into three subtypes, termed as U-coal type, coal-U-coal type, and coal-U type, respectively. The coal and fine siliciclastic rocks in the coal- bearing series confined the U-rich fluid flow and uranium accumulation in the sandstone near them. Thus, the coal-bearing series can provide good accommodations for uranium mineralization. Coals and organic matters in the coal-bearing series may have served as reducing agents and absorbing barriers. Methane is deemed to be the main acidolysis hydrocarbon in the U-bearing beds, which shows a positive correlation with U-content in the sandstones in the coal-bearing series. Additionally, the 613C in the carbonate cements of the U-bearing sandstones indicates that the organic matters, associated with the coal around the sandstones, were involved in the carbonation, one important component of alteration in the Tuanyushan area. Recognition of the dual control of coal-bearing series on the uranium mineralization is significant for the development of coal circular economy, environmental protection during coal utilization and the security of national rare metal resources.展开更多
The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce...The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce,Hf,Ta,W,Bi were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP/MS).Concentrations of elements such as Sb,Bi,In and,to a slightly lesser extent,Nb,as well as Sc,show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust.The average concentrations of elements like Hf,Mg,P,Y,La,and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust.Other elements,such as Be,Co,Si,Ta,W and V have average concentrations that are similar,but slightly enriched or slightly depleted,relative to the upper continental crust.The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples,but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable.Statistical methods,which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis,reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be,Bi,Nb,Sc,Ta,W and V.Very high,almost total,positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.展开更多
The lithium-ion battery has been widely used as an energy source. Charge rate, discharge rate, and operating tem- perature are very important factors for the capacity degradations of power batteries and battery packs....The lithium-ion battery has been widely used as an energy source. Charge rate, discharge rate, and operating tem- perature are very important factors for the capacity degradations of power batteries and battery packs. Firstly, in this paper we make use of an accelerated life test and a statistical analysis method to establish the capacity accelerated degradation model under three constant stress parameters according to the degradation data, which are charge rate, discharge rate, and operating temperature, and then we propose a capacity degradation model according to the current residual capacity of a Li-ion cell under dynamic stress parameters. Secondly, we analyze the charge and discharge process of a series power battery pack and interpret the correlation between the capacity degradations of the battery pack and its charge/discharge rate. According to this cycling condition, we establish a capacity degradation model of a series power battery pack under inconsistent capacity of cells, and analyze the degradation mechanism with capacity variance and operating temperature difference. The comparative analysis of test results shows that the inconsistent operating temperatures of cells in the series power battery pack are the main cause of its degradation; when the difference between inconsistent temperatures is narrowed by 5 ℃, the cycle life can be improved by more than 50%. Therefore, it effectively improves the cycle life of the series battery pack to reasonably assemble the batteries according to their capacities and to narrow the differences in operating temperature among cells.展开更多
伴随着新能源产业的飞速发展,锂离子动力电池作为一种高效的储能方式,已成为电动汽车的重要组成部分。在电池管理系统的功能中,电池的高精度建模至关重要。在实际应用中,电池不是一个线性系统,其输入和输出由于外部扰动等原因表现出非...伴随着新能源产业的飞速发展,锂离子动力电池作为一种高效的储能方式,已成为电动汽车的重要组成部分。在电池管理系统的功能中,电池的高精度建模至关重要。在实际应用中,电池不是一个线性系统,其输入和输出由于外部扰动等原因表现出非线性特征,从而直接影响参数识别效果,进而影响模型精度。鉴于此,本文对锂离子动力电池进行了Hammerstein-ARMAX(Autoregressive MovingAverage with Extra Input)模型构建,并对模型参数的估计方法进行研究,旨在提高模型的准确性。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。展开更多
The sharp increase in the demand for lithium(Li)for high-energy-storage battery materials due to its high specific energy and low negative chemical potential render Li a geopolitically significant resource.It is urgen...The sharp increase in the demand for lithium(Li)for high-energy-storage battery materials due to its high specific energy and low negative chemical potential render Li a geopolitically significant resource.It is urgent to develop a low-cost,efficient method to improve lithium extraction.Herein,Li ion(Li+)adsorption in coal-bearing strata kaolinite(CSK)was studied.The effects of pre-activation acid leaching(meta-kaolinite/H2SO4,MK-HS)and dimethyl sulfoxide intercalation(coal-bearing strata kaolinite/dimethyl sulfoxide,CSK-DMSO)on the Li+adsorption capacity were studied under the same adsorption conditions.The results indicated that the adsorption was completed in 60 min under alkaline conditions(pH=8.5),a high solution concentration(400 mg/L),and a low dosage(1 g/100 mL);and the comprehensive adsorption capacity is MK-HS>CSK-DMSO>CSK.Furthermore,the DMSO intercalation caused the interlayer spacing of the CSK to increase,which provided more space for Li+to enter and increase the adsorption capacity.After thermal pre-activation and acid leaching,structural failure and lattice collapse resulted in the presence of more micropores in the MK-HS,which resulted in a 10-fold increase in its specific surface area and caused coordination bond changes(Al(VI)to Al(IV))and leaching of aluminum(Al)from the lattice.It is proposed that these structural changes greatly improve the activity of CSK so that Li+cannot only adsorb onto the surface and between the layers but can also enter the lattice defects,which results in the MK-HS having the best adsorption performance.Combined with the adsorption kinetics analysis,the adsorption methods of CSK and two modified materials include physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.In this study,the adsorption capacity of CSK and its modified products to Li were explored,providing a new option for the reuse of CSK and the extraction of Li.展开更多
Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant l...Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant lithium reserves, but lithium is mainly produced from hard rock lithium deposits because the extraction from salt lakes requires further improvements. The hard rock lithium deposits mainly occur in granitic pegmatite in the Altay region of Xinjiang and the Jiajika deposit in western Sichuan Province; they mainly formed in the Mesozoic and occurred in a relatively stable stage during orogenic processes. On the basis of the information from 151 lithium deposits or spots, 14 lithium metallogenic series were identified, and granitic pegmatite, granite, and sedimentary types were considered to be the main prediction types of lithium resources. Twelve lithium mineralization belts were divided and a series of maps showing the lithium metallogenetic regularity in China were drawn. We conclude that the hard rock and brine type of lithium resources possibly have a similar lithium source related to magmatism. The mctallogenic features of the lithium in China were related with the distinct history of tectonic-magmatic activity in China. This study benefits the assessment of, and prospecting for, lithium resources in China.展开更多
Estimating battery degradation is vital not only to monitor battery’s state-of-health but also to accelerate research on new battery chemistries. Herein, we present a data-driven approach to forecast the capacity fad...Estimating battery degradation is vital not only to monitor battery’s state-of-health but also to accelerate research on new battery chemistries. Herein, we present a data-driven approach to forecast the capacity fading trajectory of lab-assembled lithium batteries. Features with physical meanings in addition to predictive abilities are extracted from discharge voltage curves, enabling online prediction for a single cell with only its historical data. The robustness and generalizability allow for the demonstration on a compromised quality dataset consisting of batteries varying in battery architectures and cycling conditions,with superior accuracy for end of life and degradation trajectory prediction with average errors of 8.2%and 2.8%, respectively. Apart from the impressive prediction accuracy, the as-extracted features also provide physical insights, the incorporation of which into material design or battery operation conditions further enlightens the development of better batteries. We highlight the effectiveness of time-seriesbased techniques in forecasting battery cycling performance, as well as the huge potential of datadriven methods in unveiling hidden correlations in complicated energy chemistries such as lithium metal batteries.展开更多
内短路是引发锂电池热失控的主要因素,锂电池内短路检测对于预防热失控的发生具有重要意义。在锂电池二阶RC模型的基础上,采用并联电阻等效替代法,分析了正常状态与内短路状态下锂电池的电压和荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)变化特点。...内短路是引发锂电池热失控的主要因素,锂电池内短路检测对于预防热失控的发生具有重要意义。在锂电池二阶RC模型的基础上,采用并联电阻等效替代法,分析了正常状态与内短路状态下锂电池的电压和荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)变化特点。采用Simulink搭建仿真模型,得到内短路状态下电池电压与SOC数据,以六节串联锂电池组为例,通过分析电压与SOC变化速率的一致性实现内短路检测。结果表明,当电池组内有电池发生内短路时,该节电池的外电压低于其他电池,并且SOC变化速率较其它电池快,本文提出的检测方法能有效检测出串联电池组的内短路。展开更多
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Program of China (grants No. 2016ZX05041004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41572090)High-level Talent Recruitment Project of North China University of Water Resource and Electric (grant No. 40481)
文摘The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, including 56 well-logs and 3 sampling wells, was examined for sedimentology and geochemistry in relation to uranium concentrations. The results show that coal-bearing series can influence uranium mineralization from two aspects, i.e., spatial distribution and dynamic control. Five types of uranium-bearing rocks are recognized, mainly occurring in the braided river and braided delta sedimentary facies, among which sandstones near the coals are the most important. The lithological associations of sandstone-type uranium deposits can be classified into three subtypes, termed as U-coal type, coal-U-coal type, and coal-U type, respectively. The coal and fine siliciclastic rocks in the coal- bearing series confined the U-rich fluid flow and uranium accumulation in the sandstone near them. Thus, the coal-bearing series can provide good accommodations for uranium mineralization. Coals and organic matters in the coal-bearing series may have served as reducing agents and absorbing barriers. Methane is deemed to be the main acidolysis hydrocarbon in the U-bearing beds, which shows a positive correlation with U-content in the sandstones in the coal-bearing series. Additionally, the 613C in the carbonate cements of the U-bearing sandstones indicates that the organic matters, associated with the coal around the sandstones, were involved in the carbonation, one important component of alteration in the Tuanyushan area. Recognition of the dual control of coal-bearing series on the uranium mineralization is significant for the development of coal circular economy, environmental protection during coal utilization and the security of national rare metal resources.
文摘The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal-bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented.Critical elements such as Be,Mg,Si,P,Sc,V,Co,Y,Nb,In,Sb,La,Ce,Hf,Ta,W,Bi were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP/MS).Concentrations of elements such as Sb,Bi,In and,to a slightly lesser extent,Nb,as well as Sc,show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust.The average concentrations of elements like Hf,Mg,P,Y,La,and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust.Other elements,such as Be,Co,Si,Ta,W and V have average concentrations that are similar,but slightly enriched or slightly depleted,relative to the upper continental crust.The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples,but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable.Statistical methods,which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis,reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be,Bi,Nb,Sc,Ta,W and V.Very high,almost total,positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61004092 and 51007088)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2011AA11A251 and 2011AA11A262)+1 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant Nos.2010DFA72760 and 2011DFA70570)the Research Foundation of National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles,China(GrantNo.2012-NELEV-03)
文摘The lithium-ion battery has been widely used as an energy source. Charge rate, discharge rate, and operating tem- perature are very important factors for the capacity degradations of power batteries and battery packs. Firstly, in this paper we make use of an accelerated life test and a statistical analysis method to establish the capacity accelerated degradation model under three constant stress parameters according to the degradation data, which are charge rate, discharge rate, and operating temperature, and then we propose a capacity degradation model according to the current residual capacity of a Li-ion cell under dynamic stress parameters. Secondly, we analyze the charge and discharge process of a series power battery pack and interpret the correlation between the capacity degradations of the battery pack and its charge/discharge rate. According to this cycling condition, we establish a capacity degradation model of a series power battery pack under inconsistent capacity of cells, and analyze the degradation mechanism with capacity variance and operating temperature difference. The comparative analysis of test results shows that the inconsistent operating temperatures of cells in the series power battery pack are the main cause of its degradation; when the difference between inconsistent temperatures is narrowed by 5 ℃, the cycle life can be improved by more than 50%. Therefore, it effectively improves the cycle life of the series battery pack to reasonably assemble the batteries according to their capacities and to narrow the differences in operating temperature among cells.
文摘伴随着新能源产业的飞速发展,锂离子动力电池作为一种高效的储能方式,已成为电动汽车的重要组成部分。在电池管理系统的功能中,电池的高精度建模至关重要。在实际应用中,电池不是一个线性系统,其输入和输出由于外部扰动等原因表现出非线性特征,从而直接影响参数识别效果,进而影响模型精度。鉴于此,本文对锂离子动力电池进行了Hammerstein-ARMAX(Autoregressive MovingAverage with Extra Input)模型构建,并对模型参数的估计方法进行研究,旨在提高模型的准确性。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42172043)the Science and Technology Major Projects of Shanxi Province of China(No.20181101003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.300102299306)Scientific Innovation Practive Project of Postgraduates of Chang’an University(No.300103722045)。
文摘The sharp increase in the demand for lithium(Li)for high-energy-storage battery materials due to its high specific energy and low negative chemical potential render Li a geopolitically significant resource.It is urgent to develop a low-cost,efficient method to improve lithium extraction.Herein,Li ion(Li+)adsorption in coal-bearing strata kaolinite(CSK)was studied.The effects of pre-activation acid leaching(meta-kaolinite/H2SO4,MK-HS)and dimethyl sulfoxide intercalation(coal-bearing strata kaolinite/dimethyl sulfoxide,CSK-DMSO)on the Li+adsorption capacity were studied under the same adsorption conditions.The results indicated that the adsorption was completed in 60 min under alkaline conditions(pH=8.5),a high solution concentration(400 mg/L),and a low dosage(1 g/100 mL);and the comprehensive adsorption capacity is MK-HS>CSK-DMSO>CSK.Furthermore,the DMSO intercalation caused the interlayer spacing of the CSK to increase,which provided more space for Li+to enter and increase the adsorption capacity.After thermal pre-activation and acid leaching,structural failure and lattice collapse resulted in the presence of more micropores in the MK-HS,which resulted in a 10-fold increase in its specific surface area and caused coordination bond changes(Al(VI)to Al(IV))and leaching of aluminum(Al)from the lattice.It is proposed that these structural changes greatly improve the activity of CSK so that Li+cannot only adsorb onto the surface and between the layers but can also enter the lattice defects,which results in the MK-HS having the best adsorption performance.Combined with the adsorption kinetics analysis,the adsorption methods of CSK and two modified materials include physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.In this study,the adsorption capacity of CSK and its modified products to Li were explored,providing a new option for the reuse of CSK and the extraction of Li.
文摘锂离子电池的剩余使用寿命(remaining useful life,RUL)是电池健康状态的关键指标,对其进行预测具有重要的现实意义。该工作将模糊信息粒化(fuzzy information granulation,FIG)技术与时间序列密集编码器模型(timeseries dense encoder,TiDE)相结合,提出了一种对锂离子电池的RUL进行区间预测的模型。首先将锂离子电池容量退化时间序列通过FIG技术转化为粒子序列信息,以此得到模糊信息粒子的上下界序列。其次,分别对上下界序列使用TiDE模型进行训练预测,从而得到区间预测的结果。实验结果表明,与基于支持向量回归(support vector regression,SVR)和长短期记忆网络(long short term memory network,LSTM)的区间预测模型以及不使用狐狸优化算法(fox-inspired optimization algorithm,FOA)优化的TiDE模型相比,该工作提出的基于FIG技术结合TiDE模型与FOA的区间预测方法在锂离子电池RUL预测性能上具有更高的可靠性。
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (grant no.41372088)the China Geological Survey Program (grant no.1212011220805,1212011121037,12120114039601,1212011220369)the Chinese National Non-profit Institute Research Grant of CAGS-IMR (K1409)
文摘Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant lithium reserves, but lithium is mainly produced from hard rock lithium deposits because the extraction from salt lakes requires further improvements. The hard rock lithium deposits mainly occur in granitic pegmatite in the Altay region of Xinjiang and the Jiajika deposit in western Sichuan Province; they mainly formed in the Mesozoic and occurred in a relatively stable stage during orogenic processes. On the basis of the information from 151 lithium deposits or spots, 14 lithium metallogenic series were identified, and granitic pegmatite, granite, and sedimentary types were considered to be the main prediction types of lithium resources. Twelve lithium mineralization belts were divided and a series of maps showing the lithium metallogenetic regularity in China were drawn. We conclude that the hard rock and brine type of lithium resources possibly have a similar lithium source related to magmatism. The mctallogenic features of the lithium in China were related with the distinct history of tectonic-magmatic activity in China. This study benefits the assessment of, and prospecting for, lithium resources in China.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Z20J00043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21825501, 22109020, 22109082, and U1801257)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Programthe University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for its financial support through the Start-Up Fund for Outstanding Talent with grant number A1098531023601307。
文摘Estimating battery degradation is vital not only to monitor battery’s state-of-health but also to accelerate research on new battery chemistries. Herein, we present a data-driven approach to forecast the capacity fading trajectory of lab-assembled lithium batteries. Features with physical meanings in addition to predictive abilities are extracted from discharge voltage curves, enabling online prediction for a single cell with only its historical data. The robustness and generalizability allow for the demonstration on a compromised quality dataset consisting of batteries varying in battery architectures and cycling conditions,with superior accuracy for end of life and degradation trajectory prediction with average errors of 8.2%and 2.8%, respectively. Apart from the impressive prediction accuracy, the as-extracted features also provide physical insights, the incorporation of which into material design or battery operation conditions further enlightens the development of better batteries. We highlight the effectiveness of time-seriesbased techniques in forecasting battery cycling performance, as well as the huge potential of datadriven methods in unveiling hidden correlations in complicated energy chemistries such as lithium metal batteries.
文摘内短路是引发锂电池热失控的主要因素,锂电池内短路检测对于预防热失控的发生具有重要意义。在锂电池二阶RC模型的基础上,采用并联电阻等效替代法,分析了正常状态与内短路状态下锂电池的电压和荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)变化特点。采用Simulink搭建仿真模型,得到内短路状态下电池电压与SOC数据,以六节串联锂电池组为例,通过分析电压与SOC变化速率的一致性实现内短路检测。结果表明,当电池组内有电池发生内短路时,该节电池的外电压低于其他电池,并且SOC变化速率较其它电池快,本文提出的检测方法能有效检测出串联电池组的内短路。
