The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs w...The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.展开更多
In our previous studies,we have shown that(D-Ser2)oxyntomodulin(Oxm),a glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)receptor(GLP1R)/glucagon receptor(GCGR)dual agonist peptide,protects hippocampal neurons against Aβ1-42-induced cyt...In our previous studies,we have shown that(D-Ser2)oxyntomodulin(Oxm),a glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)receptor(GLP1R)/glucagon receptor(GCGR)dual agonist peptide,protects hippocampal neurons against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity,and stabilizes the calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential of hippocampal neurons.Additionally,we have demonstrated that(D-Ser2)Oxm improves cognitive decline and reduces the deposition of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer’s disease model mice.However,the protective mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we showed that 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration of(D-Ser2)Oxm ameliorated the working memory and fear memory impairments of 9-month-old 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice.In addition,electrophysiological data recorded by a wireless multichannel neural recording system implanted in the hippocampal CA1 region showed that(D-Ser2)Oxm increased the power of the theta rhythm.In addition,(D-Ser2)Oxm treatment greatly increased the expression level of synaptic-associated proteins SYP and PSD-95 and increased the number of dendritic spines in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice.These findings suggest that(D-Ser2)Oxm improves the cognitive function of Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice by recovering hippocampal synaptic function and theta rhythm.展开更多
Background:Visual cortex neurons often respond to stimuli very differently on repeated trials.This trial-by-trial variability is known to be correlated among nearby neurons.Our long-term goal is to quantitatively esti...Background:Visual cortex neurons often respond to stimuli very differently on repeated trials.This trial-by-trial variability is known to be correlated among nearby neurons.Our long-term goal is to quantitatively estimate neuronal response variability,using multi-channel local field potential(LFP)data from single trials.Methods:Acute experiments were performed with anesthetized(Remifentanil,Propofol,nitrous oxide)and paralyzed(Gallamine Triethiodide)cats.Computer-controlled visual stimuli were displayed on a gamma-corrected CRT monitor.For the principal experiment,two kinds of visual stimuli were used:drifting sine-wave gratings,and a uniform mean-luminance gray screen.These two stimuli were each delivered monocularly for 100 sec in a random order,for 10 trials.Multi-unit activity(MUA)and LFP signals were extracted from broadband raw data acquired from Area 17 and 18 using A1X32 linear arrays(NeuroNexus)and the OpenEphys recording system.LFP signal processing was performed using Chronux,an open-source MATLAB toolbox.Current source density(CSD)analysis was performed on responses to briefly flashed full-field stimuli using the MATLAB toolbox,CSDplotter.The common response variability(global noise)of MUA was estimated using the model proposed by Scholvinck et al.[2015].Results:On different trials,a given neuron responded with different firing to the same visual stimuli.Within one trial,a neuron’s firing rate also fluctuated across successive cycles of a drifting grating.When the animal was given extra anesthesia,neurons fired in a desynchronized pattern;with lighter levels of anesthesia,neuronal firing because more synchronized.By examining the cross-correlations of LFP signals recorded from different cortical layers,we found LFP signals could be divided to two groups:those recorded in layer IV and above,and those from layers V and VI.Within each group,LFP signals recorded by different channels are highly correlated.These two groups were observed in lighter and deeper anesthetized animals,also in sine-wave and uniform gray stimulus conditions.We also investigated correlations between LFP signals and global noise.Power in the LFP beta band was highly correlated with global noise,when animals were in deeper anesthesia.Conclusions:Brain states contribute to variations in neuronal responses.Raw LFP correlation results suggest that we should analyze LFP data according to their laminar organization.Correlation of low-frequency LFP under deeper anesthesia with global noise gives us some insight to predict noise from single-trial data,and we hope to extend this analysis to lighter anesthesia in the future.展开更多
Motor timing is an important part of sensorimotor control. Previous studies have shown that beta oscillations embody the process of temporal perception in explicit timing tasks. In contrast, studies focusing on beta o...Motor timing is an important part of sensorimotor control. Previous studies have shown that beta oscillations embody the process of temporal perception in explicit timing tasks. In contrast, studies focusing on beta oscillations in implicit timing tasks are lacking. In this study, we set up an implicit motor timing task and found a modulation pattern of beta oscillations with temporal perception during movement preparation. We trained two macaques in a repetitive visually-guided reach-to-grasp task with different holding intervals. Spikes and local field potentials were recorded from microelectrode arrays in the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. We analyzed the association between beta oscillations and temporal interval in fixedduration experiments(500 ms as the Short Group and1500 ms as the Long Group) and random-duration experiments(500 ms to 1500 ms). The results showed that the peak beta frequencies in both experiments ranged from15 Hz to 25 Hz. The beta power was higher during the hold period than the movement(reach and grasp) period.Further, in the fixed-duration experiments, the mean poweras well as the maximum rate of change of beta power in the first 300 ms were higher in the Short Group than in the Long Group when aligned with the Center Hit event. In contrast, in the random-duration experiments, the corresponding values showed no statistical differences among groups. The peak latency of beta power was shorter in the Short Group than in the Long Group in the fixed-duration experiments, while no consistent modulation pattern was found in the random-duration experiments. These results indicate that beta oscillations can modulate with temporal interval in their power mode. The synchronization period of beta power could reflect the cognitive set maintaining working memory of the temporal structure and attention.展开更多
The substantia nigra pars reticulate(SNr),which plays a pivotal role in motor control,is the key structure in integrating information for cortex,basal ganglia and thalamus.Abnormal gait and posture deficits can be rev...The substantia nigra pars reticulate(SNr),which plays a pivotal role in motor control,is the key structure in integrating information for cortex,basal ganglia and thalamus.Abnormal gait and posture deficits can be reversed by SNr deep brain stimulation(DBS)in certain Parkinson’s disease cases.However,functional characterization of SNr,which is the key for the optimization of DBS effect,remains elusive.In current study,we recorded extracellular single unit in SNr of urethane anesthetized rats.We have found that urethane can induce slow delta and theta oscillations in SNr local field potential.The high gamma oscillation observed is positively correlated with the occurrence of action potential.The putative GABAergic neurons have a mean firing rate of(20.82±2.04)Hz,of which 65.2%display a regular firing pattern and 34.8%show irregular firing.Our results demonstrated the heterogeneous property of SNr and provided possible theoretical basis for promoting the next generation of DBS electrode design and optimization of clinical DBS parameters.展开更多
Low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation(FUS), which possesses high spatial resolution and penetration depth, has been developing rapidly for noninvasive brain neuromodulation in recent years. In this letter, a lo...Low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation(FUS), which possesses high spatial resolution and penetration depth, has been developing rapidly for noninvasive brain neuromodulation in recent years. In this letter, a low-intensity FUS system was developed for noninvasive brain neuromodulation in vivo. The radius of ultrasonic focal spot was quantitatively calculated in theory to evaluate the spatial resolution. The local field potential(LFP) of rat hippocompus were recorded before and after FUS. The effect of FUS on LFP power spectrum was investigated by computing the LFP mean absolute power and relative power with Welch algorithm. The experiment results show that noninvasive FUS can enhance LFP mean absolute power and alter the LFP relative power at different frequency bands. The results indicate that FUS can modulate brain rhythms and has significant potential in the modulation of neuronal and psychiatric diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program(2022ZD0204802,2022ZD0204804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930053,32171039)Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence(BAAI)。
文摘The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31600865(to ZJW)“Sanjin Scholars”of Shanxi Province of China,No.[2016]7(to MNW)+5 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China,No.201801D211005(to MNW)the Applied Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province of China,No.201901D111358(to GZY)the Doctoral Startup Research Fund of Shanxi Medical University of China,No.03201536(to GZY)the Doctoral Startup Research Fund of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University of China,No.YJ1507(to GZY)the National Undergraduate Innovation Program of China,No.201910114019(to JXW)the Undergraduate Innovation Program of Shanxi Province of China,No.2020189(to XRZ).
文摘In our previous studies,we have shown that(D-Ser2)oxyntomodulin(Oxm),a glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)receptor(GLP1R)/glucagon receptor(GCGR)dual agonist peptide,protects hippocampal neurons against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity,and stabilizes the calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential of hippocampal neurons.Additionally,we have demonstrated that(D-Ser2)Oxm improves cognitive decline and reduces the deposition of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer’s disease model mice.However,the protective mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we showed that 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration of(D-Ser2)Oxm ameliorated the working memory and fear memory impairments of 9-month-old 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice.In addition,electrophysiological data recorded by a wireless multichannel neural recording system implanted in the hippocampal CA1 region showed that(D-Ser2)Oxm increased the power of the theta rhythm.In addition,(D-Ser2)Oxm treatment greatly increased the expression level of synaptic-associated proteins SYP and PSD-95 and increased the number of dendritic spines in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice.These findings suggest that(D-Ser2)Oxm improves the cognitive function of Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice by recovering hippocampal synaptic function and theta rhythm.
文摘Background:Visual cortex neurons often respond to stimuli very differently on repeated trials.This trial-by-trial variability is known to be correlated among nearby neurons.Our long-term goal is to quantitatively estimate neuronal response variability,using multi-channel local field potential(LFP)data from single trials.Methods:Acute experiments were performed with anesthetized(Remifentanil,Propofol,nitrous oxide)and paralyzed(Gallamine Triethiodide)cats.Computer-controlled visual stimuli were displayed on a gamma-corrected CRT monitor.For the principal experiment,two kinds of visual stimuli were used:drifting sine-wave gratings,and a uniform mean-luminance gray screen.These two stimuli were each delivered monocularly for 100 sec in a random order,for 10 trials.Multi-unit activity(MUA)and LFP signals were extracted from broadband raw data acquired from Area 17 and 18 using A1X32 linear arrays(NeuroNexus)and the OpenEphys recording system.LFP signal processing was performed using Chronux,an open-source MATLAB toolbox.Current source density(CSD)analysis was performed on responses to briefly flashed full-field stimuli using the MATLAB toolbox,CSDplotter.The common response variability(global noise)of MUA was estimated using the model proposed by Scholvinck et al.[2015].Results:On different trials,a given neuron responded with different firing to the same visual stimuli.Within one trial,a neuron’s firing rate also fluctuated across successive cycles of a drifting grating.When the animal was given extra anesthesia,neurons fired in a desynchronized pattern;with lighter levels of anesthesia,neuronal firing because more synchronized.By examining the cross-correlations of LFP signals recorded from different cortical layers,we found LFP signals could be divided to two groups:those recorded in layer IV and above,and those from layers V and VI.Within each group,LFP signals recorded by different channels are highly correlated.These two groups were observed in lighter and deeper anesthetized animals,also in sine-wave and uniform gray stimulus conditions.We also investigated correlations between LFP signals and global noise.Power in the LFP beta band was highly correlated with global noise,when animals were in deeper anesthesia.Conclusions:Brain states contribute to variations in neuronal responses.Raw LFP correlation results suggest that we should analyze LFP data according to their laminar organization.Correlation of low-frequency LFP under deeper anesthesia with global noise gives us some insight to predict noise from single-trial data,and we hope to extend this analysis to lighter anesthesia in the future.
基金the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31320103914)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370987)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Young Scholars (81622027)the Beijing Nova Program of China (2016B615)the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2017YFA0106100)
文摘Motor timing is an important part of sensorimotor control. Previous studies have shown that beta oscillations embody the process of temporal perception in explicit timing tasks. In contrast, studies focusing on beta oscillations in implicit timing tasks are lacking. In this study, we set up an implicit motor timing task and found a modulation pattern of beta oscillations with temporal perception during movement preparation. We trained two macaques in a repetitive visually-guided reach-to-grasp task with different holding intervals. Spikes and local field potentials were recorded from microelectrode arrays in the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. We analyzed the association between beta oscillations and temporal interval in fixedduration experiments(500 ms as the Short Group and1500 ms as the Long Group) and random-duration experiments(500 ms to 1500 ms). The results showed that the peak beta frequencies in both experiments ranged from15 Hz to 25 Hz. The beta power was higher during the hold period than the movement(reach and grasp) period.Further, in the fixed-duration experiments, the mean poweras well as the maximum rate of change of beta power in the first 300 ms were higher in the Short Group than in the Long Group when aligned with the Center Hit event. In contrast, in the random-duration experiments, the corresponding values showed no statistical differences among groups. The peak latency of beta power was shorter in the Short Group than in the Long Group in the fixed-duration experiments, while no consistent modulation pattern was found in the random-duration experiments. These results indicate that beta oscillations can modulate with temporal interval in their power mode. The synchronization period of beta power could reflect the cognitive set maintaining working memory of the temporal structure and attention.
基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18JC1413100)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0906400)。
文摘The substantia nigra pars reticulate(SNr),which plays a pivotal role in motor control,is the key structure in integrating information for cortex,basal ganglia and thalamus.Abnormal gait and posture deficits can be reversed by SNr deep brain stimulation(DBS)in certain Parkinson’s disease cases.However,functional characterization of SNr,which is the key for the optimization of DBS effect,remains elusive.In current study,we recorded extracellular single unit in SNr of urethane anesthetized rats.We have found that urethane can induce slow delta and theta oscillations in SNr local field potential.The high gamma oscillation observed is positively correlated with the occurrence of action potential.The putative GABAergic neurons have a mean firing rate of(20.82±2.04)Hz,of which 65.2%display a regular firing pattern and 34.8%show irregular firing.Our results demonstrated the heterogeneous property of SNr and provided possible theoretical basis for promoting the next generation of DBS electrode design and optimization of clinical DBS parameters.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of Chinagrant number:61503321+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Provincegrant number:F2014203161
文摘Low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation(FUS), which possesses high spatial resolution and penetration depth, has been developing rapidly for noninvasive brain neuromodulation in recent years. In this letter, a low-intensity FUS system was developed for noninvasive brain neuromodulation in vivo. The radius of ultrasonic focal spot was quantitatively calculated in theory to evaluate the spatial resolution. The local field potential(LFP) of rat hippocompus were recorded before and after FUS. The effect of FUS on LFP power spectrum was investigated by computing the LFP mean absolute power and relative power with Welch algorithm. The experiment results show that noninvasive FUS can enhance LFP mean absolute power and alter the LFP relative power at different frequency bands. The results indicate that FUS can modulate brain rhythms and has significant potential in the modulation of neuronal and psychiatric diseases.
