Eurycoma longifolia Jack(E.longifolia) is a well-recognized traditional herbal medicine that offers a wide dynamic range of biomedical applications including anti-osteoporotic, anticancer, anti-proliferative, anti-mal...Eurycoma longifolia Jack(E.longifolia) is a well-recognized traditional herbal medicine that offers a wide dynamic range of biomedical applications including anti-osteoporotic, anticancer, anti-proliferative, anti-malarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-diabetic, anti-rheumatism and anti-ulcer properties.This review aims to overview the pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic algorithm of E.longifolia and its bioactive components.Analysis of pharmacokinetic profile revealed that E.longifolia exhibit higher bioavailability, high volume of distribution, slow elimination rate, and does not show inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.E.longifolia has been used, alone or in combination with other pharmacological agents, in the form of crude extracts, standard extracts, or decoctions of different plant parts(i.e., herbs, shrubs, stem, leaves, and roots) for the treatment of various ailments in animals and humans.Among various bioactive constituents, eurycomanone has been found to be the most remarkable, super-stable, versatile, and most potent phytochemical(isolated or extracted from root extracts) against various types of animals and human diseases.Based on its well-established pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, we suggested that E.longifolia can be a well-accepted complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of different types of human ailments.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Eurycoma longifolia is a tropical medicinal plant belonging to Simaroubaceae distributed in South East Asia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of E.longifolia stem 70%ethanol extrac...OBJECTIVE Eurycoma longifolia is a tropical medicinal plant belonging to Simaroubaceae distributed in South East Asia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of E.longifolia stem 70%ethanol extract(EL)and its active com⁃poundson uric acid excretion.METHODS Potassium oxonate(PO)induced hyperuricemia rats and adenine-PO induced hyperuricemia mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of EL.Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the levels of plasma or serum uric acid and creatinine.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe kidney pathological changes,Western blot⁃ting was applied to detect protein expression levels of uric acid transporters.Effects of constituents on urate uptake were tested in hU⁃RAT1-expressing HEK293T cells.RESULTS EL significantly reduced serum and plasma uric acid levels at dosages of 100,200 and 400 mg·kg^-1 in hyperuricemia rats and mice,and increased the clearance rate of uric acid and creatinine,improved therenal pathological injury.The protein expression levels of urate reabsorption transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9 were down-regulated while sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 were up-regulated in the kidney after EL treat⁃ment.The diterpenes(50μmol·L^-1)isolated from EL showed inhibitory effects on urate uptake in hURAT1-expressing HEK293T cells,and the effect of eurycomanol was further confirmed in vivo.CONCLUSION EL significantly reduced blood uric acid levels and prevented pathological changes of kidney in PO induced hyperuricemia animal model,improved renal urate transports.We partly clarified the mechanism was related to suppressing effect of URAT1 by diterpene in EL.This study is the first to demonstrate that EL plays a role in hyperuricemia by promoting renal uric acid excretion.展开更多
Objective:To explore antiulcer and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia var.pendula.Methods:Gastroprotective potential of Polyalthia longifolia was studied on ethanol and ethanol/HCl...Objective:To explore antiulcer and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia var.pendula.Methods:Gastroprotective potential of Polyalthia longifolia was studied on ethanol and ethanol/HCl induced ulcers at 2 different doses(270 and 540 mg/kg/body weight). Antimicrobial efficacy of Polyalthia longifolia(25 mg/mL) was also studied against six gram positive,seven gram negative bacteria and five fungi by agar well diffusion method.Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar well diffusion method in two fold serial dilution, in the range of 97-25 000μg/mL.Results:The reduction of ulcer index in Polyalthia longifolia treated animals was found to be statistically significant with respect to control animals.The Polyalthia longifolia exhibited ulcer protection activity in dose dependent manner and was also better than the standard.In antimicrobial activity,gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to Polyalthia longifolia than gram negative bacteria and fungal strains.Conclusions:Results obtained confirm the antiulcer and antimicrobial potential of the Polyalthia longifolia.展开更多
Objective: To examine the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the alkaloid enriched extract(ELA) from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Methods: The in vitro antiinflammatory effects of ELA were evaluate...Objective: To examine the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the alkaloid enriched extract(ELA) from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Methods: The in vitro antiinflammatory effects of ELA were evaluated by examining its inhibitory activities against nitric oxide(NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iN OS) and cyclooxygenase2(COX-2) expressions in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The level of NO produced in the culture media was determined by Griess method. The i NOS and COX-2 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. The in vivo effect of ELA was evaluated on LPS-induced septic shock in mice model. Mice mortality was monitored for5 days after injection of LPS. The chemical contents of the ELA were determined by using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Results: The ELA was found to exhibit a significant anti-inflammatory effect in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results demonstrated that ELA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced NO production as well as the protein iN OS and COX-2 expressions. In the septic shock model, ELA dose-dependently protected mice from LPS-induced mortality. Further study on the isolated components of ELA indicated that 9,10-dimethoxycanthin-6-one may contribute significantly to the antiinflammatory effects of the extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that ELA exhibits the anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iN OS,and COX-2 and protects mice from LPS-induced mortality in septic shock model.展开更多
The methanol, acetone and 1,4-dioxan fractions of leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. 91 clinically important strains were used for the study which we...The methanol, acetone and 1,4-dioxan fractions of leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. 91 clinically important strains were used for the study which were both clinical isolates as well as identified strains. Piperacillin and gentamicin were used as standards for antibacterial assay, while nystatin and flucanazole were used as standards for antifungal assay. The antibacterial activity was more pronounced against gram positive bacterial and fungal strains. Poor activity was shown against gram negative bacterial strains studied.展开更多
Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanoli...Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effects of Eurycoma longifolia(E. longifolia) standardized extract on the oestrous cycle, levels of reproductive hormones and histology of the ovaries of Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: Female ...Objective: To evaluate the effects of Eurycoma longifolia(E. longifolia) standardized extract on the oestrous cycle, levels of reproductive hormones and histology of the ovaries of Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: Female rats were orally treated with E. longifolia standardized extract at the dose levels of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of body weight over 5 days.Vaginal smears were monitored daily within the duration and after withdrawal of the treatment before being sacrificed. The body weights of the females were recorded before and after the 5 days treatment. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were collected for determination of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone levels. Ovaries were removed, weighed and examined for histomorphological changes.Results: The administration of E. longifolia standardized extract did not significantly alter the oestrous cycle of the rats during the 5 days treatment and after withdrawal of the treatments. This was supported by normal testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone levels as well as normal morphology of the ovaries.Conclusions: The data obtained showed that E. longifolia standardized extract did not exhibit any toxic effect on reproductive activities of female rats suggesting potential use in the management of infertility.展开更多
Madhuca longifolia(M. longifolia) is also known as Mahua belonging to the family sapoteace family. M. longifolia is used in traditional and folklore system of medicine widely across India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka for its...Madhuca longifolia(M. longifolia) is also known as Mahua belonging to the family sapoteace family. M. longifolia is used in traditional and folklore system of medicine widely across India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka for its various pharmacological properties as in snake bites and in diabetes. Phytochemicals studies documented the different bioactive constituents, namely,glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins. The pharmacological studies proved that it possess wide range of biological activities such as antiulcer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The toxicity studies reveal its non-toxic effect even at larger doses.Thus M. longifolia can be considered as a therapeutic agent for specific diseases. Scientific investigation on various isolated bioactive components and its efficacy on diseases proved the future usefulness of different species of Madhuca. This review summarizes the phytochemical,pharmacological, medicinal and non-medicinal uses of M. longifolia. Further exploration on M.longifolia for its therapeutic potential is however required for depth traditional knowledge.展开更多
Herbal plants act as a significant source for discovering new compounds with potential therapeutic activities.Polyalthia longifolia,which is commonly known as an Indian mast tree,has various pharmacological properties...Herbal plants act as a significant source for discovering new compounds with potential therapeutic activities.Polyalthia longifolia,which is commonly known as an Indian mast tree,has various pharmacological properties,such as an anticancer,ulcer protective,hypoglycemic,hypotensive,a corrosion inhibitor,a bio-adsorbent,and few more.Moreover,it is known as false ashoka owing to its close resemblance with Saraca indica(ashoka tree).Various compounds have been reported from the extract of some parts of the plant,such as leaves,bark,root,and seeds.These extracts possess an ability to treat a number of human ailments,such as fever,ulcer,skin diseases,helminthiasis,and cardiac problems.Studies performed on the leave extract shows evidence that some compounds cause cell death in various cancer cell lines.The plant also has some biological applications,such as antibacterial,antiviral,and antimicrobial,which makes it clinically significant and useful.This review is an effort to explore and gather plant information in an organized manner.It reveals detailed information about the propagation,synonyms,vernaculars,varieties of plant,medicinal significance,ecology and distribution,botanical and ethnobotanical description,phytochemical constituents,and pharmacological activity of the plant.展开更多
Purpose: Premature ovarian failure (POF) includes cessation of normal ovarian function before age 40, causing amenorrhea, menopausal symptoms and general health problems. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be admin...Purpose: Premature ovarian failure (POF) includes cessation of normal ovarian function before age 40, causing amenorrhea, menopausal symptoms and general health problems. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be administered in order to prevent menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and vascular complications. Due to the contraindications and side effects of HRT and the increasing demand for alternative therapeutic modalities, we used Mentha longifolia, which is known in the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), as being able to cause menstrual bleeding in women with early amenorrhea and decreased FSH serum. Methods: In this pilot study, we report twenty seven amenorrheic women with POF who were referred to the Iranian traditional medicine clinic in Tehran and treated by Mentha longifolia. All those patients had high FSH levels and amenorrhea. They were in their fertility age, between 30 to 40 years old. They were asked to take a cup of herbal tea which was steeped with Mentha longifolia tea three times a day for 2 weeks in 3 menstural cycles. If the patients developed menstruation, the FSH serum level was measured immediately;otherwise they had an FSH measurement one month after the beginning of therapy. Results: Mean age of patients was 36.44 ± 1.5 years. Mean FSH level before treatment was 79.13 ± 19.17 mIU/ml, and after treatment was 27.83 ± 16.14 mIU/ml. In four patients who did not have any response, mean range of FSH was 82.37 ± 19.75 mIU/ml before treatment and afterwards it was 81.97 ± 21.52 mIU/ml. After treatment with herbal teas, there was a significant decrease in FSH (79.39 ± 19.17 to 27.83 ± 16.14 mIU/ml, p value < 0.001). All patient except four (14.81%) had mensturation after taking the herbal medicine. Those four patients showed no decrease in FSH level. More of the patients who used medicinal tea achieved regular monthly bleeding when followed for three cycles.展开更多
Eurycoma longifolia(EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore...Eurycoma longifolia(EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore the promising role of EL in managing various male sexual disorders, which include erectile dysfunction, male infertility, low libido, and downregulated testosterone levels. The aim of the present review is to analyze and summarize the literature on human clinical trials which revealed the clinical significance and therapeutic feasibility of EL in improving male sexual health. This systematic review is focused on the following databases: Medline, Wiley Online Library, Bio Med Central, Hindawi, Web of Knowledge, Pub Med Central and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "Eurycoma longifolia", "EL", "Tongkat Ali", "male sexual health", "sexual infertility", "erectile dysfunction", "male libido", and "testosterone levels". Notably, only human clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 were selected and thoroughly reviewed for relevant citations. Out of 150 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles included were randomized placebo-controlled trials, multiple cohort studies, or pilot trials. All these studies demonstrated considerable effects of EL on male sexual health disorders. Among them, 7 studies revealed remarkable association between the use of EL and the efficacy in the treatment of male sexual disorders, and remaining 4 studies failed to demonstrate sufficient effects on male sexual health. In summary, there is convincing evidence for the prominence of EL in improving the male sexual health. The review also substantiates the use of current methodology in the development of novel and more rationale natural herbal medicines for the management of male sexual disorders.展开更多
Eurycoma longifolia,also known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia,as one of traditional herbal medicines,is used for centuries in South-East Asia.With the discovery of anticancer and anti-HIV properties,this herbal medicine h...Eurycoma longifolia,also known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia,as one of traditional herbal medicines,is used for centuries in South-East Asia.With the discovery of anticancer and anti-HIV properties,this herbal medicine has attracted great attention recently.In this review,the following information on E.longifolia,including chemistry,bioactivities,pharmacokinetics,clinical studies,and side effects and safety,was introduced.Our results,to a certain extent,will provide scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumers’ safety.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the chemical composition, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oils using aqueous extract. Methods: Mentha longifolia L. essential oils were extrac...Objective: To investigate the chemical composition, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oils using aqueous extract. Methods: Mentha longifolia L. essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus for 3 h and the yield of the essential oil was calculated. Essential oils were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. For these essential oils, antibacterial and antifungal activity against human pathogens were evaluated. Results: Nineteen chemical constituents representing 99.72% of the essential oil were found, comprising menthone (39.55%), isopulegone (30.49%), eucalyptol (10.38%), and α-terpineol (3.15%);these were major components, and others were minor components. The essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [(35.24 ± 0.13) mm], Enterococcus faecalis [(32.12 ± 0.12) mm] and Bacillus cereus [(30.06 ± 0.04) mm], as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus [(38.02 ± 0.06) mm], Alternaria alternaria [(35.26 ± 0.12) mm], and Penicillum spp ((34.14 ± 0.02) mm)Conclusions: It seems that the essential oils derived from the Mentha longifolia L. species could be used as a natural source of antimicrobial agents.展开更多
The Acacia longifolia species is known for its rapid growth and dissemination,causing loss of biodiversity in the affected areas.In order to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this species,it is important to effectively...The Acacia longifolia species is known for its rapid growth and dissemination,causing loss of biodiversity in the affected areas.In order to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this species,it is important to effectively monitor its distribution on the agroforestry regions.For this purpose,this paper proposes the use of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)for the detection of Acacia longifolia,from images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle.Two models based on the same CNN architecture were elaborated.One classifies image patches into one of nine possible classes,which are later converted into a binary model;this model presented an accuracy of 98:6%and 98:5%in the validation and training sets,respectively.The second model was trained directly for binary classification and showed an accuracy of 98:8%and 98:7%for the validation and test sets,respectively.The results show that the use of multiple classes,useful to provide the aerial vehicle with richer semantic information regarding the environment,does not hamper the accuracy of Acacia longifolia detection in the classifier’s primary task.The presented system also includes a method for increasing classification’s accuracy by consulting an expert to review the model’s predictions on an automatically selected sub-set of the samples.展开更多
基金Ministry of Agriculture for providing New Application for Herbal Research Grant Scheme(NRGS)(NH1014D040) and supports
文摘Eurycoma longifolia Jack(E.longifolia) is a well-recognized traditional herbal medicine that offers a wide dynamic range of biomedical applications including anti-osteoporotic, anticancer, anti-proliferative, anti-malarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-diabetic, anti-rheumatism and anti-ulcer properties.This review aims to overview the pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic algorithm of E.longifolia and its bioactive components.Analysis of pharmacokinetic profile revealed that E.longifolia exhibit higher bioavailability, high volume of distribution, slow elimination rate, and does not show inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.E.longifolia has been used, alone or in combination with other pharmacological agents, in the form of crude extracts, standard extracts, or decoctions of different plant parts(i.e., herbs, shrubs, stem, leaves, and roots) for the treatment of various ailments in animals and humans.Among various bioactive constituents, eurycomanone has been found to be the most remarkable, super-stable, versatile, and most potent phytochemical(isolated or extracted from root extracts) against various types of animals and human diseases.Based on its well-established pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, we suggested that E.longifolia can be a well-accepted complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of different types of human ailments.
文摘OBJECTIVE Eurycoma longifolia is a tropical medicinal plant belonging to Simaroubaceae distributed in South East Asia.The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of E.longifolia stem 70%ethanol extract(EL)and its active com⁃poundson uric acid excretion.METHODS Potassium oxonate(PO)induced hyperuricemia rats and adenine-PO induced hyperuricemia mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of EL.Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the levels of plasma or serum uric acid and creatinine.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe kidney pathological changes,Western blot⁃ting was applied to detect protein expression levels of uric acid transporters.Effects of constituents on urate uptake were tested in hU⁃RAT1-expressing HEK293T cells.RESULTS EL significantly reduced serum and plasma uric acid levels at dosages of 100,200 and 400 mg·kg^-1 in hyperuricemia rats and mice,and increased the clearance rate of uric acid and creatinine,improved therenal pathological injury.The protein expression levels of urate reabsorption transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9 were down-regulated while sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 were up-regulated in the kidney after EL treat⁃ment.The diterpenes(50μmol·L^-1)isolated from EL showed inhibitory effects on urate uptake in hURAT1-expressing HEK293T cells,and the effect of eurycomanol was further confirmed in vivo.CONCLUSION EL significantly reduced blood uric acid levels and prevented pathological changes of kidney in PO induced hyperuricemia animal model,improved renal urate transports.We partly clarified the mechanism was related to suppressing effect of URAT1 by diterpene in EL.This study is the first to demonstrate that EL plays a role in hyperuricemia by promoting renal uric acid excretion.
基金University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India for providing financial support as Junior Research Fellow
文摘Objective:To explore antiulcer and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia var.pendula.Methods:Gastroprotective potential of Polyalthia longifolia was studied on ethanol and ethanol/HCl induced ulcers at 2 different doses(270 and 540 mg/kg/body weight). Antimicrobial efficacy of Polyalthia longifolia(25 mg/mL) was also studied against six gram positive,seven gram negative bacteria and five fungi by agar well diffusion method.Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar well diffusion method in two fold serial dilution, in the range of 97-25 000μg/mL.Results:The reduction of ulcer index in Polyalthia longifolia treated animals was found to be statistically significant with respect to control animals.The Polyalthia longifolia exhibited ulcer protection activity in dose dependent manner and was also better than the standard.In antimicrobial activity,gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to Polyalthia longifolia than gram negative bacteria and fungal strains.Conclusions:Results obtained confirm the antiulcer and antimicrobial potential of the Polyalthia longifolia.
基金funded by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology under grant number VAST04.03/17-18
文摘Objective: To examine the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the alkaloid enriched extract(ELA) from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Methods: The in vitro antiinflammatory effects of ELA were evaluated by examining its inhibitory activities against nitric oxide(NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iN OS) and cyclooxygenase2(COX-2) expressions in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The level of NO produced in the culture media was determined by Griess method. The i NOS and COX-2 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. The in vivo effect of ELA was evaluated on LPS-induced septic shock in mice model. Mice mortality was monitored for5 days after injection of LPS. The chemical contents of the ELA were determined by using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Results: The ELA was found to exhibit a significant anti-inflammatory effect in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results demonstrated that ELA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced NO production as well as the protein iN OS and COX-2 expressions. In the septic shock model, ELA dose-dependently protected mice from LPS-induced mortality. Further study on the isolated components of ELA indicated that 9,10-dimethoxycanthin-6-one may contribute significantly to the antiinflammatory effects of the extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that ELA exhibits the anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iN OS,and COX-2 and protects mice from LPS-induced mortality in septic shock model.
文摘The methanol, acetone and 1,4-dioxan fractions of leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. 91 clinically important strains were used for the study which were both clinical isolates as well as identified strains. Piperacillin and gentamicin were used as standards for antibacterial assay, while nystatin and flucanazole were used as standards for antifungal assay. The antibacterial activity was more pronounced against gram positive bacterial and fungal strains. Poor activity was shown against gram negative bacterial strains studied.
文摘Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.
基金Supported by National Key Economic Area Research Grant Scheme,NRGS(Grant No.SP15-061-0183)provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry,Malaysia
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effects of Eurycoma longifolia(E. longifolia) standardized extract on the oestrous cycle, levels of reproductive hormones and histology of the ovaries of Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: Female rats were orally treated with E. longifolia standardized extract at the dose levels of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of body weight over 5 days.Vaginal smears were monitored daily within the duration and after withdrawal of the treatment before being sacrificed. The body weights of the females were recorded before and after the 5 days treatment. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were collected for determination of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone levels. Ovaries were removed, weighed and examined for histomorphological changes.Results: The administration of E. longifolia standardized extract did not significantly alter the oestrous cycle of the rats during the 5 days treatment and after withdrawal of the treatments. This was supported by normal testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone levels as well as normal morphology of the ovaries.Conclusions: The data obtained showed that E. longifolia standardized extract did not exhibit any toxic effect on reproductive activities of female rats suggesting potential use in the management of infertility.
文摘Madhuca longifolia(M. longifolia) is also known as Mahua belonging to the family sapoteace family. M. longifolia is used in traditional and folklore system of medicine widely across India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka for its various pharmacological properties as in snake bites and in diabetes. Phytochemicals studies documented the different bioactive constituents, namely,glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins. The pharmacological studies proved that it possess wide range of biological activities such as antiulcer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The toxicity studies reveal its non-toxic effect even at larger doses.Thus M. longifolia can be considered as a therapeutic agent for specific diseases. Scientific investigation on various isolated bioactive components and its efficacy on diseases proved the future usefulness of different species of Madhuca. This review summarizes the phytochemical,pharmacological, medicinal and non-medicinal uses of M. longifolia. Further exploration on M.longifolia for its therapeutic potential is however required for depth traditional knowledge.
文摘Herbal plants act as a significant source for discovering new compounds with potential therapeutic activities.Polyalthia longifolia,which is commonly known as an Indian mast tree,has various pharmacological properties,such as an anticancer,ulcer protective,hypoglycemic,hypotensive,a corrosion inhibitor,a bio-adsorbent,and few more.Moreover,it is known as false ashoka owing to its close resemblance with Saraca indica(ashoka tree).Various compounds have been reported from the extract of some parts of the plant,such as leaves,bark,root,and seeds.These extracts possess an ability to treat a number of human ailments,such as fever,ulcer,skin diseases,helminthiasis,and cardiac problems.Studies performed on the leave extract shows evidence that some compounds cause cell death in various cancer cell lines.The plant also has some biological applications,such as antibacterial,antiviral,and antimicrobial,which makes it clinically significant and useful.This review is an effort to explore and gather plant information in an organized manner.It reveals detailed information about the propagation,synonyms,vernaculars,varieties of plant,medicinal significance,ecology and distribution,botanical and ethnobotanical description,phytochemical constituents,and pharmacological activity of the plant.
文摘Purpose: Premature ovarian failure (POF) includes cessation of normal ovarian function before age 40, causing amenorrhea, menopausal symptoms and general health problems. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be administered in order to prevent menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and vascular complications. Due to the contraindications and side effects of HRT and the increasing demand for alternative therapeutic modalities, we used Mentha longifolia, which is known in the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), as being able to cause menstrual bleeding in women with early amenorrhea and decreased FSH serum. Methods: In this pilot study, we report twenty seven amenorrheic women with POF who were referred to the Iranian traditional medicine clinic in Tehran and treated by Mentha longifolia. All those patients had high FSH levels and amenorrhea. They were in their fertility age, between 30 to 40 years old. They were asked to take a cup of herbal tea which was steeped with Mentha longifolia tea three times a day for 2 weeks in 3 menstural cycles. If the patients developed menstruation, the FSH serum level was measured immediately;otherwise they had an FSH measurement one month after the beginning of therapy. Results: Mean age of patients was 36.44 ± 1.5 years. Mean FSH level before treatment was 79.13 ± 19.17 mIU/ml, and after treatment was 27.83 ± 16.14 mIU/ml. In four patients who did not have any response, mean range of FSH was 82.37 ± 19.75 mIU/ml before treatment and afterwards it was 81.97 ± 21.52 mIU/ml. After treatment with herbal teas, there was a significant decrease in FSH (79.39 ± 19.17 to 27.83 ± 16.14 mIU/ml, p value < 0.001). All patient except four (14.81%) had mensturation after taking the herbal medicine. Those four patients showed no decrease in FSH level. More of the patients who used medicinal tea achieved regular monthly bleeding when followed for three cycles.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture for providing New Application for Herbal Research Grant Scheme(NRGS)(No.NH1014D040)
文摘Eurycoma longifolia(EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore the promising role of EL in managing various male sexual disorders, which include erectile dysfunction, male infertility, low libido, and downregulated testosterone levels. The aim of the present review is to analyze and summarize the literature on human clinical trials which revealed the clinical significance and therapeutic feasibility of EL in improving male sexual health. This systematic review is focused on the following databases: Medline, Wiley Online Library, Bio Med Central, Hindawi, Web of Knowledge, Pub Med Central and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "Eurycoma longifolia", "EL", "Tongkat Ali", "male sexual health", "sexual infertility", "erectile dysfunction", "male libido", and "testosterone levels". Notably, only human clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 were selected and thoroughly reviewed for relevant citations. Out of 150 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles included were randomized placebo-controlled trials, multiple cohort studies, or pilot trials. All these studies demonstrated considerable effects of EL on male sexual health disorders. Among them, 7 studies revealed remarkable association between the use of EL and the efficacy in the treatment of male sexual disorders, and remaining 4 studies failed to demonstrate sufficient effects on male sexual health. In summary, there is convincing evidence for the prominence of EL in improving the male sexual health. The review also substantiates the use of current methodology in the development of novel and more rationale natural herbal medicines for the management of male sexual disorders.
基金Major Scientific and Technological Special Project "Significant New Drugs Creation" of China (2009ZX09304-005)National Basic Science Plan (973Plan) (2010CB735602)
文摘Eurycoma longifolia,also known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia,as one of traditional herbal medicines,is used for centuries in South-East Asia.With the discovery of anticancer and anti-HIV properties,this herbal medicine has attracted great attention recently.In this review,the following information on E.longifolia,including chemistry,bioactivities,pharmacokinetics,clinical studies,and side effects and safety,was introduced.Our results,to a certain extent,will provide scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumers’ safety.
文摘Objective: To investigate the chemical composition, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oils using aqueous extract. Methods: Mentha longifolia L. essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus for 3 h and the yield of the essential oil was calculated. Essential oils were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. For these essential oils, antibacterial and antifungal activity against human pathogens were evaluated. Results: Nineteen chemical constituents representing 99.72% of the essential oil were found, comprising menthone (39.55%), isopulegone (30.49%), eucalyptol (10.38%), and α-terpineol (3.15%);these were major components, and others were minor components. The essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [(35.24 ± 0.13) mm], Enterococcus faecalis [(32.12 ± 0.12) mm] and Bacillus cereus [(30.06 ± 0.04) mm], as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus [(38.02 ± 0.06) mm], Alternaria alternaria [(35.26 ± 0.12) mm], and Penicillum spp ((34.14 ± 0.02) mm)Conclusions: It seems that the essential oils derived from the Mentha longifolia L. species could be used as a natural source of antimicrobial agents.
文摘The Acacia longifolia species is known for its rapid growth and dissemination,causing loss of biodiversity in the affected areas.In order to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this species,it is important to effectively monitor its distribution on the agroforestry regions.For this purpose,this paper proposes the use of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)for the detection of Acacia longifolia,from images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle.Two models based on the same CNN architecture were elaborated.One classifies image patches into one of nine possible classes,which are later converted into a binary model;this model presented an accuracy of 98:6%and 98:5%in the validation and training sets,respectively.The second model was trained directly for binary classification and showed an accuracy of 98:8%and 98:7%for the validation and test sets,respectively.The results show that the use of multiple classes,useful to provide the aerial vehicle with richer semantic information regarding the environment,does not hamper the accuracy of Acacia longifolia detection in the classifier’s primary task.The presented system also includes a method for increasing classification’s accuracy by consulting an expert to review the model’s predictions on an automatically selected sub-set of the samples.
