Glaucoma disease causes irreversible damage to the optical nerve and it has the potential to cause permanent loss of vision.Glaucoma ranks as the second most prevalent cause of permanent blindness.Traditional glaucoma...Glaucoma disease causes irreversible damage to the optical nerve and it has the potential to cause permanent loss of vision.Glaucoma ranks as the second most prevalent cause of permanent blindness.Traditional glaucoma diagnosis requires a highly experienced specialist,costly equipment,and a lengthy wait time.For automatic glaucoma detection,state-of-the-art glaucoma detection methods include a segmentation-based method to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio.Other methods include multi-label segmentation networks and learning-based methods and rely on hand-crafted features.Localizing the optic disc(OD)is one of the key features in retinal images for detecting retinal diseases,especially for glaucoma disease detection.The approach presented in this study is based on deep classifiers for OD segmentation and glaucoma detection.First,the optic disc detection process is based on object detection using a Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network(Mask-RCNN).The OD detection task was validated using the Dice score,intersection over union,and accuracy metrics.The OD region is then fed into the second stage for glaucoma detection.Therefore,considering only the OD area for glaucoma detection will reduce the number of classification artifacts by limiting the assessment to the optic disc area.For this task,VGG-16(Visual Geometry Group),Resnet-18(Residual Network),and Inception-v3 were pre-trained and fine-tuned.We also used the Support Vector Machine Classifier.The feature-based method uses region content features obtained by Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG)and Gabor Filters.The final decision is based on weighted fusion.A comparison of the obtained results from all classification approaches is provided.Classification metrics including accuracy and ROC curve are compared for each classification method.The novelty of this research project is the integration of automatic OD detection and glaucoma diagnosis in a global method.Moreover,the fusion-based decision system uses the glaucoma detection result obtained using several convolutional deep neural networks and the support vector machine classifier.These classification methods contribute to producing robust classification results.This method was evaluated using well-known retinal images available for research work and a combined dataset including retinal images with and without pathology.The performance of the models was tested on two public datasets and a combined dataset and was compared to similar research.The research findings show the potential of this methodology in the early detection of glaucoma,which will reduce diagnosis time and increase detection efficiency.The glaucoma assessment achieves about 98%accuracy in the classification rate,which is close to and even higher than that of state-of-the-art methods.The designed detection model may be used in telemedicine,healthcare,and computer-aided diagnosis systems.展开更多
Purpose: To show epidemiological and imaging aspects of congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed late. Method: It was a retrospective study, including all patients with congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnos...Purpose: To show epidemiological and imaging aspects of congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed late. Method: It was a retrospective study, including all patients with congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed at a late age between January 2020 and October 2022 at the eye center of Abass Ndao Hospital. Complete ophthalmological examination was performed with eye imaging according to the cases. Results: 09 patients (10 eyes) were diagnosed with congenital optic disc abnormalities. The mean age was 29 years, with a sex ratio of 0.8. Three patients had consulted for unilateral decreased visual acuity since childhood, two for sudden vision loss and in four cases the diagnosis was fortuitous. Visual acuity was ranged from 1/200 to 20/20. Fundus examination showed myelinated retinal nerve fibers in four eyes, optic disc pit in three eyes including two complicated by maculopathy, two cases of morning glory syndrome and a case of pseudoduplication of the optic disc. Optical coherence tomography, ocular ultrasound B and OCT-Angiography were performed according to the cases. Conclusion: Congenital optic disc abnormalities are often diagnosed late. They are potentially amblyogenic and complications are not rare, worsening the visual prognosis. Their screening should be systematic by ophthalmological examination in newborns.展开更多
The increase in payload capacity of trucks has heightened the demand for cost-effective yet high performance brake discs.In this work,the thermal fatigue and wear of compacted graphite iron brake discs were investigat...The increase in payload capacity of trucks has heightened the demand for cost-effective yet high performance brake discs.In this work,the thermal fatigue and wear of compacted graphite iron brake discs were investigated,aiming to provide an experimental foundation for achieving a balance between their thermal and mechanical properties.Compacted graphite iron brake discs with different tensile strengths,macrohardnesses,specific heat capacities and thermal diffusion coefficients were produced by changing the proportion and strength of ferrite.The peak temperature,pressure load and friction coefficient of compacted graphite iron brake discs were analyzed through inertia friction tests.The morphology of thermal cracks and 3D profiles of the worn surfaces were also discussed.It is found that the thermal fatigue of compacted graphite iron discs is determined by their thermal properties.A compacted graphite iron with the highest specific heat capacity and thermal diffusion coefficient exhibits optimal thermal fatigue resistance.Oxidization of the matrix at low temperatures significantly weakens the function of alloy strengthening in hindering the propagation of thermal cracks.Despite the reduced hardness,increasing the ferrite proportion can mitigate wear loss resulting from low disc temperatures and the absence of abrasive wear.展开更多
Introduction: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to structural variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Al...Introduction: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to structural variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Although often asymptomatic, these anomalies can impact the visual development of the child, underscoring the importance of a thorough fundus examination for early detection and appropriate medical follow-up. We present two cases of congenital optic disc anomalies in children, illustrating the diagnostic challenges and complexity of their management. Case 1: A 3-year-old girl presented with a white spot in her left eye present since birth. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye, while she could perceive hand movements at 2 meters with the left eye. Normal examination in the right eye showed leukocoria, microphthalmia, and a white mass at the center of the optic disc on fundus examination in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed the diagnosis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in its mixed form in the left eye. Management included prescribing full optical correction and functional rehabilitation, without resorting to surgery. The course was marked by persistent amblyopia leading to a poor prognosis. Case 2: A 7-year-old girl consulted for vision disturbance in her right eye. Visual acuity was finger counting at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed no abnormalities in both eyes. However, fundus examination highlighted a large funnel-shaped excavation associated with central glial proliferation, wheel spoke vessels, and neuroretinal ring atrophy in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory syndrome. Management included full optical correction and orthoptic rehabilitation. The course was marked by the absence of ocular complication and maintenance of visual stability in the right eye. The prognosis seemed favorable. Conclusion: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children exhibit great clinical variability and require an individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approach.展开更多
The copper disc casting machine is core equipment for producing copper anode plates in the copper metallurgy industry.The copper disc casting machine casting package motion curve(CPMC) is significant for precise casti...The copper disc casting machine is core equipment for producing copper anode plates in the copper metallurgy industry.The copper disc casting machine casting package motion curve(CPMC) is significant for precise casting and efficient production.However,the lack of exact casting modeling and real-time simulation information severely restricts dynamic CPMC optimization.To this end,a liquid copper droplet model describes the casting package copper flow pattern in the casting process.Furthermore,a CPMC optimization model is proposed for the first time.On top of this,a digital twin dual closed-loop self-optimization application framework(DT-DCS) is constructed for optimizing the copper disc casting process to achieve self-optimization of the CPMC and closed-loop feedback of manufacturing information during the casting process.Finally,a case study is carried out based on the proposed methods in the industrial field.展开更多
The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped c...The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V vs.RHE) in 0.1 M KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.展开更多
AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control...AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study.One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm^(2) rectangular area.Radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,cup volume,rim area,disc area,cup-to-disc(c/d)area ratio,and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software.Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature(PPCMv)density was calculated using MATLAB software.When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup,it was considered as a crowded disc.RESULTS:The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes(P=0.740).There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups(P=0.102).There were no differences in RPC density in whole image(P=0.826)and peripapillary region(P=0.923),but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs(P=0.003).The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs(P=0.026).The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density(r=0.498,P<0.001).The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio(r=-0.341,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.展开更多
As the velocity of a train increases,the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally.In the present experimental study,a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferentia...As the velocity of a train increases,the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally.In the present experimental study,a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferential pillars was analyzed using a 1:1 scale model and a test rig in a wind tunnel.In particular,three upstream velocities were selected on the basis of earlier investigations of trains operating at 160,250,and 400 km/h,respectively.Moreover,3D steady computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field were conducted to compare with the wind tunnel test outcomes.The results for a 3-car train at 180 km/h demonstrated:(1)good agreement between the air resistance torques obtained from the wind tunnel tests and the related numerical results,with differences ranging from 0.95%to 5.88%;(2)discrepancies ranging from 3.2 to 3.8 N·m;(3)cooling ribs contributing more than 60%of the air resistance torque;(4)the fast rotation of brake discs causing a significantly different flow field near the bogie area,resulting in 25 times more air pumping power loss than that obtained in the stationary brake-disc case.展开更多
In this work,we aim to introduce some modifications to the Anam-Net deep neural network(DNN)model for segmenting optic cup(OC)and optic disc(OD)in retinal fundus images to estimate the cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).The CDR i...In this work,we aim to introduce some modifications to the Anam-Net deep neural network(DNN)model for segmenting optic cup(OC)and optic disc(OD)in retinal fundus images to estimate the cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).The CDR is a reliable measure for the early diagnosis of Glaucoma.In this study,we developed a lightweight DNN model for OC and OD segmentation in retinal fundus images.Our DNN model is based on modifications to Anam-Net,incorporating an anamorphic depth embedding block.To reduce computational complexity,we employ a fixed filter size for all convolution layers in the encoder and decoder stages as the network deepens.This modification significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters,making the model lightweight and suitable for resource-constrained applications.We evaluate the performance of the developed model using two publicly available retinal image databases,namely RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS.The results demonstrate promising OC segmentation performance across most standard evaluation metrics while achieving analogous results for OD segmentation.We used two retinal fundus image databases named RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS that contained 159 images and 101 retinal images,respectively.For OD segmentation using the RIM-ONE we obtain an f1-score(F1),Jaccard coefficient(JC),and overlapping error(OE)of 0.950,0.9219,and 0.0781,respectively.Similarly,for OC segmentation using the same databases,we achieve scores of 0.8481(F1),0.7428(JC),and 0.2572(OE).Based on these experimental results and the significantly lower number of trainable parameters,we conclude that the developed model is highly suitable for the early diagnosis of glaucoma by accurately estimating the CDR.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the truncated multiplicity finite range set problem of meromorphic functions on some complex disc.By using the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions,we establish a second main th...In this paper,we consider the truncated multiplicity finite range set problem of meromorphic functions on some complex disc.By using the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions,we establish a second main theorem for meromorphic functions with finite growth index which share meromorphic functions(may not be small functions).As its application,we also extend the result of a finite range set with truncated multiplicity.展开更多
Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis,...Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis, clinical evidence is limited. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese hot and humid compress in the treatment of LDH with qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods: From October 2021 to November 2023, 86 patients with LDH of qi stagnation and blood stasis type were recruited in our hospital and divided into a control (n = 43) and an observation group (n = 43) according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was treated with the hot and humid compress therapy for two weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, TCM syndrome score, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results: After treatment, the VAS score, TCM symptom score, and serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels decreased in both groups (P P P P P Conclusions: The hot and humid compress of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve pain, restore lumbar function, improve TCM syndromes, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and have a curative effect in treating LDH.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)commonly occurs during spinal surgery;LDH is on the increase in younger patients and is classified as"paralysis"and"back pain."Sanhanchushi Tongbi(SPST)is a cu...BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)commonly occurs during spinal surgery;LDH is on the increase in younger patients and is classified as"paralysis"and"back pain."Sanhanchushi Tongbi(SPST)is a customized prescription.It disperses cold,relieves pain,removes cold from the meridians and viscera,and treats neuropathic pain.However,few studies have investigated its mechanism of pain relief.AIM To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on LDH treated with self-prescribed SPST.METHODS A total of 211 patients with LDH syndrome were divided into two groups:107 patients in the control group were treated with conventional massage combined with traction,and 104 patients in the observation group were treated with a combination of the control regimen and self-prescribed oral SPST.The patients were treated for 4 wk.Indices of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.RESULTS After therapy,the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The main symptoms,clinical signs,daily activities,and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after therapy(P<0.05).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and C-reactive protein were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher,whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower,compared with the control group(P<0.05).The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was 96.15%,which was substantially higher than that in the control group(88.79%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Self-prescribed SPST can reduce the levels of inflammatory and pain-causing factors as well as lumbar pain in patients with LDH.展开更多
Background:The incidence of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is notably high.Consensus among experts highlights non-surgical treatments as the primary therapeutic approach for LDH.Contemporary medicine frequently employs ph...Background:The incidence of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is notably high.Consensus among experts highlights non-surgical treatments as the primary therapeutic approach for LDH.Contemporary medicine frequently employs pharmacotherapy and epidural injections in such treatments,which are associated with numerous adverse effects.Prolonged use can severely impair the liver and kidney functions of patients.Hence,the role of safe and effective traditional Chinese medicine techniques becomes pivotal.Among various traditional Chinese medicine approaches for treating LDH,fire dragon cupping,renowned for its remarkable efficacy,cost-effectiveness,and ease of application,is extensively utilised in clinical settings for managing LDH.Nonetheless,there is a scarcity of systematic and standardised evidence from evidence-based medicine studies.Therefore,conducting a meta-analysis is imperative.Methods:A comprehensive computerised search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,VIP,China Biology Medicine disc,PubMed,EMbase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CINAHL.The search aimed to gather randomised controlled trials on fire dragon cupping therapy for LDH,spanning from the inception of these databases until December 2023.Two researchers independently screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality of the studies included,utilising RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis.Results:The results show that the fire dragon cupping therapy group had better clinical effectiveness(relative risk=1.23,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.14,1.33),P<0.00001),less pain(standardized mean difference=–1.33,95%CI(–1.49,–1.16),P<0.00001),and some improvement in lumbar function(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores:mean difference=3.37,95%CI(2.31,4.43),P<0.00001.Conclusion:The fire dragon cupping therapy significantly alleviates LDH,warranting its extensive application.However,considering the limitations in the number and quality of studies included,the aforementioned conclusion necessitates further validation through more high-quality research.展开更多
BACKGROUND This reported procedure combines the orthopedic surgical robot with the unilateral biportal endoscopy-lumbar interbody fusion(UBE-LIF),utilizing the UBE's wide viewing field and operating space to perfo...BACKGROUND This reported procedure combines the orthopedic surgical robot with the unilateral biportal endoscopy-lumbar interbody fusion(UBE-LIF),utilizing the UBE's wide viewing field and operating space to perform minimally invasive decompressive fusion of the lesioned segment,and the orthopedic surgical robot's intelligence and precision to perform percutaneous pedicle screw placement.The advancement of this procedure lies in the superposition of advantages and offsetting disadvantages of the two new technologies,and the maximum effect of treatment is achieved with maximum minimization of invasiveness and precision under the monitoring of imaging instruments to maximize the benefit of patients,and this review reports a case of multiple-segment lumbar decompression and fusion surgery for lumbar disc herniation via robot-assisted UBE for reference.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old patient presented to our hospital.Combining various clinical data,we diagnosed the patient with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy,lumbar spondylolisthesis,and lumbar spinal stenosis.We developed a surgical plan of"UBE decompression+UBE-LIF+orthopedic surgery robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw implantation for internal fixation".The results were satisfactory.CONCLUSION We present an extremely rare case of multiple-segment lumbar decompression and fusion surgery for lumbar disc herniation via robot-assisted UBE and achieved good results.Therefore,the technique is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen...Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.展开更多
The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or mom...The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.展开更多
Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is a common orthopedic disease in clinical practice,with main symptoms of varying degrees of pain and functional impairment,seriously affecting the quality of work and life of patients,and a...Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is a common orthopedic disease in clinical practice,with main symptoms of varying degrees of pain and functional impairment,seriously affecting the quality of work and life of patients,and also causing a certain degree of economic burden to the patient's family and society.At present,there are various conservative treatment methods for LDH in clinical practice.Conservative treatment has the characteristics of small trauma and high safety,which can achieve symptom relief and cure for most patients in clinical practice.This article aims to provide a scientific reference for the selection of treatment plans for LDH patients by reviewing relevant literature on conservative treatment of LDH that has been publicly reported both domestically and internationally in recent years.展开更多
Pain catastrophization is one of the negative emotional factors and an important psychological factor associated with patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Currently,the concept of pain catastrophization of LDH is...Pain catastrophization is one of the negative emotional factors and an important psychological factor associated with patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Currently,the concept of pain catastrophization of LDH is relatively mature abroad;however,there are only few research studies on this in China.To understand the status quo of pain catastrophization(PC)in patients with LDH and its influencing factors,the intervention measures of PC and their efficacy were further analyzed.In the present paper,the research status of PC at home and abroad is briefly expounded,and the influencing factors and clinical intervention measures for PC are analyzed.This paper reviews the concept of PC,the assessment tools,influencing factors,and the relevant intervention measures.In order to evaluate the pain degree of patients,understand the incidence of pain in patients,and improve the cure rate and quality of life of patients,the basic situation of patients with pain disaster is summarized to provide reference for medical personnel.展开更多
基金Deanship of Scientific Research,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the Program of Research Project Funding after Publication,Grant No(43-PRFA-P-31).
文摘Glaucoma disease causes irreversible damage to the optical nerve and it has the potential to cause permanent loss of vision.Glaucoma ranks as the second most prevalent cause of permanent blindness.Traditional glaucoma diagnosis requires a highly experienced specialist,costly equipment,and a lengthy wait time.For automatic glaucoma detection,state-of-the-art glaucoma detection methods include a segmentation-based method to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio.Other methods include multi-label segmentation networks and learning-based methods and rely on hand-crafted features.Localizing the optic disc(OD)is one of the key features in retinal images for detecting retinal diseases,especially for glaucoma disease detection.The approach presented in this study is based on deep classifiers for OD segmentation and glaucoma detection.First,the optic disc detection process is based on object detection using a Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network(Mask-RCNN).The OD detection task was validated using the Dice score,intersection over union,and accuracy metrics.The OD region is then fed into the second stage for glaucoma detection.Therefore,considering only the OD area for glaucoma detection will reduce the number of classification artifacts by limiting the assessment to the optic disc area.For this task,VGG-16(Visual Geometry Group),Resnet-18(Residual Network),and Inception-v3 were pre-trained and fine-tuned.We also used the Support Vector Machine Classifier.The feature-based method uses region content features obtained by Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG)and Gabor Filters.The final decision is based on weighted fusion.A comparison of the obtained results from all classification approaches is provided.Classification metrics including accuracy and ROC curve are compared for each classification method.The novelty of this research project is the integration of automatic OD detection and glaucoma diagnosis in a global method.Moreover,the fusion-based decision system uses the glaucoma detection result obtained using several convolutional deep neural networks and the support vector machine classifier.These classification methods contribute to producing robust classification results.This method was evaluated using well-known retinal images available for research work and a combined dataset including retinal images with and without pathology.The performance of the models was tested on two public datasets and a combined dataset and was compared to similar research.The research findings show the potential of this methodology in the early detection of glaucoma,which will reduce diagnosis time and increase detection efficiency.The glaucoma assessment achieves about 98%accuracy in the classification rate,which is close to and even higher than that of state-of-the-art methods.The designed detection model may be used in telemedicine,healthcare,and computer-aided diagnosis systems.
文摘Purpose: To show epidemiological and imaging aspects of congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed late. Method: It was a retrospective study, including all patients with congenital optic disc abnormalities diagnosed at a late age between January 2020 and October 2022 at the eye center of Abass Ndao Hospital. Complete ophthalmological examination was performed with eye imaging according to the cases. Results: 09 patients (10 eyes) were diagnosed with congenital optic disc abnormalities. The mean age was 29 years, with a sex ratio of 0.8. Three patients had consulted for unilateral decreased visual acuity since childhood, two for sudden vision loss and in four cases the diagnosis was fortuitous. Visual acuity was ranged from 1/200 to 20/20. Fundus examination showed myelinated retinal nerve fibers in four eyes, optic disc pit in three eyes including two complicated by maculopathy, two cases of morning glory syndrome and a case of pseudoduplication of the optic disc. Optical coherence tomography, ocular ultrasound B and OCT-Angiography were performed according to the cases. Conclusion: Congenital optic disc abnormalities are often diagnosed late. They are potentially amblyogenic and complications are not rare, worsening the visual prognosis. Their screening should be systematic by ophthalmological examination in newborns.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Development Project of Yantai(No.2023ZDX016)。
文摘The increase in payload capacity of trucks has heightened the demand for cost-effective yet high performance brake discs.In this work,the thermal fatigue and wear of compacted graphite iron brake discs were investigated,aiming to provide an experimental foundation for achieving a balance between their thermal and mechanical properties.Compacted graphite iron brake discs with different tensile strengths,macrohardnesses,specific heat capacities and thermal diffusion coefficients were produced by changing the proportion and strength of ferrite.The peak temperature,pressure load and friction coefficient of compacted graphite iron brake discs were analyzed through inertia friction tests.The morphology of thermal cracks and 3D profiles of the worn surfaces were also discussed.It is found that the thermal fatigue of compacted graphite iron discs is determined by their thermal properties.A compacted graphite iron with the highest specific heat capacity and thermal diffusion coefficient exhibits optimal thermal fatigue resistance.Oxidization of the matrix at low temperatures significantly weakens the function of alloy strengthening in hindering the propagation of thermal cracks.Despite the reduced hardness,increasing the ferrite proportion can mitigate wear loss resulting from low disc temperatures and the absence of abrasive wear.
文摘Introduction: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to structural variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Although often asymptomatic, these anomalies can impact the visual development of the child, underscoring the importance of a thorough fundus examination for early detection and appropriate medical follow-up. We present two cases of congenital optic disc anomalies in children, illustrating the diagnostic challenges and complexity of their management. Case 1: A 3-year-old girl presented with a white spot in her left eye present since birth. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye, while she could perceive hand movements at 2 meters with the left eye. Normal examination in the right eye showed leukocoria, microphthalmia, and a white mass at the center of the optic disc on fundus examination in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed the diagnosis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in its mixed form in the left eye. Management included prescribing full optical correction and functional rehabilitation, without resorting to surgery. The course was marked by persistent amblyopia leading to a poor prognosis. Case 2: A 7-year-old girl consulted for vision disturbance in her right eye. Visual acuity was finger counting at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed no abnormalities in both eyes. However, fundus examination highlighted a large funnel-shaped excavation associated with central glial proliferation, wheel spoke vessels, and neuroretinal ring atrophy in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory syndrome. Management included full optical correction and orthoptic rehabilitation. The course was marked by the absence of ocular complication and maintenance of visual stability in the right eye. The prognosis seemed favorable. Conclusion: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children exhibit great clinical variability and require an individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
基金supported in part by the National Major Scientific Research Equipment of China (61927803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Basic Science Center Project (61988101)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2021RC4054)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M691681)。
文摘The copper disc casting machine is core equipment for producing copper anode plates in the copper metallurgy industry.The copper disc casting machine casting package motion curve(CPMC) is significant for precise casting and efficient production.However,the lack of exact casting modeling and real-time simulation information severely restricts dynamic CPMC optimization.To this end,a liquid copper droplet model describes the casting package copper flow pattern in the casting process.Furthermore,a CPMC optimization model is proposed for the first time.On top of this,a digital twin dual closed-loop self-optimization application framework(DT-DCS) is constructed for optimizing the copper disc casting process to achieve self-optimization of the CPMC and closed-loop feedback of manufacturing information during the casting process.Finally,a case study is carried out based on the proposed methods in the industrial field.
基金Grant PID2020-115848RB-C21 "STORELEC" projectTED2021-129694B-C22 "DEFY-CO2" project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+3 种基金LMP253_ (2)1 project funded by Gobierno de AragónGrant IJC2019-041874-I funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033CSIC for her JAE Intro ICU 2021-ICB-04 grantthe Y2020/EMT-6419 "CEOTRES" project funded by the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid。
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V vs.RHE) in 0.1 M KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.
文摘AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study.One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm^(2) rectangular area.Radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,cup volume,rim area,disc area,cup-to-disc(c/d)area ratio,and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software.Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature(PPCMv)density was calculated using MATLAB software.When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup,it was considered as a crowded disc.RESULTS:The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes(P=0.740).There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups(P=0.102).There were no differences in RPC density in whole image(P=0.826)and peripapillary region(P=0.923),but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs(P=0.003).The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs(P=0.026).The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density(r=0.498,P<0.001).The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio(r=-0.341,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0710901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002395)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023JJ30643).
文摘As the velocity of a train increases,the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally.In the present experimental study,a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferential pillars was analyzed using a 1:1 scale model and a test rig in a wind tunnel.In particular,three upstream velocities were selected on the basis of earlier investigations of trains operating at 160,250,and 400 km/h,respectively.Moreover,3D steady computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field were conducted to compare with the wind tunnel test outcomes.The results for a 3-car train at 180 km/h demonstrated:(1)good agreement between the air resistance torques obtained from the wind tunnel tests and the related numerical results,with differences ranging from 0.95%to 5.88%;(2)discrepancies ranging from 3.2 to 3.8 N·m;(3)cooling ribs contributing more than 60%of the air resistance torque;(4)the fast rotation of brake discs causing a significantly different flow field near the bogie area,resulting in 25 times more air pumping power loss than that obtained in the stationary brake-disc case.
基金funded byResearchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2024R 553),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In this work,we aim to introduce some modifications to the Anam-Net deep neural network(DNN)model for segmenting optic cup(OC)and optic disc(OD)in retinal fundus images to estimate the cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).The CDR is a reliable measure for the early diagnosis of Glaucoma.In this study,we developed a lightweight DNN model for OC and OD segmentation in retinal fundus images.Our DNN model is based on modifications to Anam-Net,incorporating an anamorphic depth embedding block.To reduce computational complexity,we employ a fixed filter size for all convolution layers in the encoder and decoder stages as the network deepens.This modification significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters,making the model lightweight and suitable for resource-constrained applications.We evaluate the performance of the developed model using two publicly available retinal image databases,namely RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS.The results demonstrate promising OC segmentation performance across most standard evaluation metrics while achieving analogous results for OD segmentation.We used two retinal fundus image databases named RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS that contained 159 images and 101 retinal images,respectively.For OD segmentation using the RIM-ONE we obtain an f1-score(F1),Jaccard coefficient(JC),and overlapping error(OE)of 0.950,0.9219,and 0.0781,respectively.Similarly,for OC segmentation using the same databases,we achieve scores of 0.8481(F1),0.7428(JC),and 0.2572(OE).Based on these experimental results and the significantly lower number of trainable parameters,we conclude that the developed model is highly suitable for the early diagnosis of glaucoma by accurately estimating the CDR.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061041)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB201003).
文摘In this paper,we consider the truncated multiplicity finite range set problem of meromorphic functions on some complex disc.By using the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions,we establish a second main theorem for meromorphic functions with finite growth index which share meromorphic functions(may not be small functions).As its application,we also extend the result of a finite range set with truncated multiplicity.
文摘Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis, clinical evidence is limited. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese hot and humid compress in the treatment of LDH with qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods: From October 2021 to November 2023, 86 patients with LDH of qi stagnation and blood stasis type were recruited in our hospital and divided into a control (n = 43) and an observation group (n = 43) according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was treated with the hot and humid compress therapy for two weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, TCM syndrome score, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results: After treatment, the VAS score, TCM symptom score, and serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels decreased in both groups (P P P P P Conclusions: The hot and humid compress of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve pain, restore lumbar function, improve TCM syndromes, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and have a curative effect in treating LDH.
文摘BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)commonly occurs during spinal surgery;LDH is on the increase in younger patients and is classified as"paralysis"and"back pain."Sanhanchushi Tongbi(SPST)is a customized prescription.It disperses cold,relieves pain,removes cold from the meridians and viscera,and treats neuropathic pain.However,few studies have investigated its mechanism of pain relief.AIM To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on LDH treated with self-prescribed SPST.METHODS A total of 211 patients with LDH syndrome were divided into two groups:107 patients in the control group were treated with conventional massage combined with traction,and 104 patients in the observation group were treated with a combination of the control regimen and self-prescribed oral SPST.The patients were treated for 4 wk.Indices of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.RESULTS After therapy,the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The main symptoms,clinical signs,daily activities,and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after therapy(P<0.05).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and C-reactive protein were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher,whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower,compared with the control group(P<0.05).The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was 96.15%,which was substantially higher than that in the control group(88.79%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Self-prescribed SPST can reduce the levels of inflammatory and pain-causing factors as well as lumbar pain in patients with LDH.
基金supported by the 2022 study on the effectiveness of Fire Dragon Cupping in treating cold-dampness obstructive type shoulder stiffness,funded by the Bao'an District Healthcare Research Project in Shenzhen(Shen Bao Ke[2023]No.13,Project No.2022JD237)2023 study on the therapeutic observation and mechanism exploration of Fire Dragon Cupping in cold-dampness obstructive type acute gout,funded by the Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Yue Zhong Yi Han[2023]No.205,Project No.20242077)+1 种基金National Clinical Key Specialty(Traditional Chinese Medicine)Construction Project(2013-239)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZZYSM202206014).
文摘Background:The incidence of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is notably high.Consensus among experts highlights non-surgical treatments as the primary therapeutic approach for LDH.Contemporary medicine frequently employs pharmacotherapy and epidural injections in such treatments,which are associated with numerous adverse effects.Prolonged use can severely impair the liver and kidney functions of patients.Hence,the role of safe and effective traditional Chinese medicine techniques becomes pivotal.Among various traditional Chinese medicine approaches for treating LDH,fire dragon cupping,renowned for its remarkable efficacy,cost-effectiveness,and ease of application,is extensively utilised in clinical settings for managing LDH.Nonetheless,there is a scarcity of systematic and standardised evidence from evidence-based medicine studies.Therefore,conducting a meta-analysis is imperative.Methods:A comprehensive computerised search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,VIP,China Biology Medicine disc,PubMed,EMbase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CINAHL.The search aimed to gather randomised controlled trials on fire dragon cupping therapy for LDH,spanning from the inception of these databases until December 2023.Two researchers independently screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality of the studies included,utilising RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis.Results:The results show that the fire dragon cupping therapy group had better clinical effectiveness(relative risk=1.23,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.14,1.33),P<0.00001),less pain(standardized mean difference=–1.33,95%CI(–1.49,–1.16),P<0.00001),and some improvement in lumbar function(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores:mean difference=3.37,95%CI(2.31,4.43),P<0.00001.Conclusion:The fire dragon cupping therapy significantly alleviates LDH,warranting its extensive application.However,considering the limitations in the number and quality of studies included,the aforementioned conclusion necessitates further validation through more high-quality research.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Regional Program),No.82060879,No.82360947Gansu Province Key Talent Project,No.2024-4+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.20JR10RA356Gansu Provincial Joint Research Fund,No.23JRRA1534National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High Level Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology Science),No.203.
文摘BACKGROUND This reported procedure combines the orthopedic surgical robot with the unilateral biportal endoscopy-lumbar interbody fusion(UBE-LIF),utilizing the UBE's wide viewing field and operating space to perform minimally invasive decompressive fusion of the lesioned segment,and the orthopedic surgical robot's intelligence and precision to perform percutaneous pedicle screw placement.The advancement of this procedure lies in the superposition of advantages and offsetting disadvantages of the two new technologies,and the maximum effect of treatment is achieved with maximum minimization of invasiveness and precision under the monitoring of imaging instruments to maximize the benefit of patients,and this review reports a case of multiple-segment lumbar decompression and fusion surgery for lumbar disc herniation via robot-assisted UBE for reference.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old patient presented to our hospital.Combining various clinical data,we diagnosed the patient with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy,lumbar spondylolisthesis,and lumbar spinal stenosis.We developed a surgical plan of"UBE decompression+UBE-LIF+orthopedic surgery robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw implantation for internal fixation".The results were satisfactory.CONCLUSION We present an extremely rare case of multiple-segment lumbar decompression and fusion surgery for lumbar disc herniation via robot-assisted UBE and achieved good results.Therefore,the technique is worthy of clinical promotion.
文摘Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.
文摘The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.
文摘Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is a common orthopedic disease in clinical practice,with main symptoms of varying degrees of pain and functional impairment,seriously affecting the quality of work and life of patients,and also causing a certain degree of economic burden to the patient's family and society.At present,there are various conservative treatment methods for LDH in clinical practice.Conservative treatment has the characteristics of small trauma and high safety,which can achieve symptom relief and cure for most patients in clinical practice.This article aims to provide a scientific reference for the selection of treatment plans for LDH patients by reviewing relevant literature on conservative treatment of LDH that has been publicly reported both domestically and internationally in recent years.
文摘Pain catastrophization is one of the negative emotional factors and an important psychological factor associated with patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Currently,the concept of pain catastrophization of LDH is relatively mature abroad;however,there are only few research studies on this in China.To understand the status quo of pain catastrophization(PC)in patients with LDH and its influencing factors,the intervention measures of PC and their efficacy were further analyzed.In the present paper,the research status of PC at home and abroad is briefly expounded,and the influencing factors and clinical intervention measures for PC are analyzed.This paper reviews the concept of PC,the assessment tools,influencing factors,and the relevant intervention measures.In order to evaluate the pain degree of patients,understand the incidence of pain in patients,and improve the cure rate and quality of life of patients,the basic situation of patients with pain disaster is summarized to provide reference for medical personnel.
