Conventional fault diagnosis systems have constrained the automotive industry to damage vehicle maintenance and component longevity critically.Hence,there is a growing demand for advanced fault diagnosis technologies ...Conventional fault diagnosis systems have constrained the automotive industry to damage vehicle maintenance and component longevity critically.Hence,there is a growing demand for advanced fault diagnosis technologies to mitigate the impact of these limitations on unplanned vehicular downtime caused by unanticipated vehicle breakdowns.Due to vehicles’increasingly complex and autonomous nature,there is a growing urgency to investigate novel diagnosis methodologies for improving safety,reliability,and maintainability.While Artificial Intelligence(AI)has provided a great opportunity in this area,a systematic review of the feasibility and application of AI for Vehicle Fault Diagnosis(VFD)systems is unavailable.Therefore,this review brings new insights into the potential of AI in VFD methodologies and offers a broad analysis using multiple techniques.We focus on reviewing relevant literature in the field of machine learning as well as deep learning algorithms for fault diagnosis in engines,lifting systems(suspensions and tires),gearboxes,and brakes,among other vehicular subsystems.We then delve into some examples of the use of AI in fault diagnosis and maintenance for electric vehicles and autonomous cars.The review elucidates the transformation of VFD systems that consequently increase accuracy,economization,and prediction in most vehicular sub-systems due to AI applications.Indeed,the limited performance of systems based on only one of these AI techniques is likely to be addressed by combinations:The integration shows that a single technique or method fails its expectations,which can lead to more reliable and versatile diagnostic support.By synthesizing current information and distinguishing forthcoming patterns,this work aims to accelerate advancement in smart automotive innovations,conforming with the requests of Industry 4.0 and adding to the progression of more secure,more dependable vehicles.The findings underscored the necessity for cross-disciplinary cooperation and examined the total potential of AI in vehicle default analysis.展开更多
In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machin...In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.展开更多
In multi-component systems,the components are dependent,rather than degenerating independently,leading to changes inmaintenance schedules.In this situation,this study proposes a grouping dynamicmaintenance strategy.Co...In multi-component systems,the components are dependent,rather than degenerating independently,leading to changes inmaintenance schedules.In this situation,this study proposes a grouping dynamicmaintenance strategy.Considering the structure of multi-component systems,the maintenance strategy is determined according to the importance of the components.The strategy can minimize the expected depreciation cost of the system and divide the system into optimal groups that meet economic requirements.First,multi-component models are grouped.Then,a failure probability model of multi-component systems is established.The maintenance parameters in each maintenance cycle are updated according to the failure probability of the components.Second,the component importance indicator is introduced into the grouping model,and the optimization model,which aimed at a maximum economic profit,is established.A genetic algorithm is used to solve the non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem in the optimization model,and the optimal grouping is obtained through the initial grouping determined by random allocation.An 11-component series and parallel system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy,and the influence of the system structure and the parameters on the maintenance strategy is discussed.展开更多
Predictive maintenance is a vital aspect of the industrial sector,and the use of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)sensor nodes is becoming increasingly popular for detecting motor faults and monitoring motor conditi...Predictive maintenance is a vital aspect of the industrial sector,and the use of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)sensor nodes is becoming increasingly popular for detecting motor faults and monitoring motor conditions.An integrated approach for acquiring,processing,and wirelessly transmitting a large amount of data in predictive maintenance applications remains a significant challenge.This study presents an IIoT-based sensor node for industrial motors.The sensor node is designed to acquire vibration data on the radial and axial axes of the motor and utilizes a hybrid approach for efficient data processing via edge and cloud platforms.The initial step of signal processing is performed on the node at the edge,reducing the burden on a centralized cloud for processing data from multiple sensors.The proposed architecture utilizes the lightweight Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT)communication protocol for seamless data transmission from the node to the local and main brokers.The broker’s bridging allows for data backup in case of connection loss.The proposed sensor node is rigorously tested on a motor testbed in a laboratory setup and an industrial setting in a rice industry for validation,ensuring its performance and accuracy in real-world industrial environments.The data analysis and results from both testbed and industrial motors were discussed using vibration analysis for identifying faults.The proposed sensor node is a significant step towards improving the efficiency and reliability of industrial motors through realtime monitoring and early fault detection,ultimately leading to minimized unscheduled downtime and cost savings.展开更多
Predictive Maintenance is a type of condition-based maintenance that assesses the equipment's states and estimates its failure probability and when maintenance should be performed.Although machine learning techniq...Predictive Maintenance is a type of condition-based maintenance that assesses the equipment's states and estimates its failure probability and when maintenance should be performed.Although machine learning techniques have been frequently implemented in this area,the existing studies disregard to the nat-ural order between the target attribute values of the historical sensor data.Thus,these methods cause losing the inherent order of the data that positively affects the prediction performances.To deal with this problem,a novel approach,named Ordinal Multi-dimensional Classification(OMDC),is proposed for estimating the conditions of a hydraulic system's four components by taking into the natural order of class values.To demonstrate the prediction ability of the proposed approach,eleven different multi-dimensional classification algorithms(traditional Binary Relevance(BR),Classifier Chain(CC),Bayesian Classifier Chain(BCC),Monte Carlo Classifier Chain(MCC),Probabilistic Classifier Chain(PCC),Clas-sifier Dependency Network(CDN),Classifier Trellis(CT),Classifier Dependency Trellis(CDT),Label Powerset(LP),Pruned Sets(PS),and Random k-Labelsets(RAKEL))were implemented using the Ordinal Class Classifier(OCC)algorithm.Besides,seven different classification algorithms(Multilayer Perceptron(MLP),Support Vector Machine(SVM),k-Nearest Neighbour(kNN),Decision Tree(C4.5),Bagging,Random Forest(RF),and Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost))were chosen as base learners for the OCC algorithm.The experimental results present that the proposed OMDC approach using binary relevance multi-dimensional classification methods predicts the conditions of a hydraulic system's multiple components with high accuracy.Also,it is clearly seen from the results that the OMDC models that utilize ensemble-based classification algorithms give more reliable prediction performances with an average Hamming score of 0.853 than the others that use traditional algorithms as base learners.展开更多
Prognostics and health management(PHM)has gotten considerable attention in the background of Industry 4.0.Battery PHM contributes to the reliable and safe operation of electric devices.Nevertheless,relevant reviews ar...Prognostics and health management(PHM)has gotten considerable attention in the background of Industry 4.0.Battery PHM contributes to the reliable and safe operation of electric devices.Nevertheless,relevant reviews are still continuously updated over time.In this paper,we browsed extensive literature related to battery PHM from 2018to 2023 and summarized advances in battery PHM field,including battery testing and public datasets,fault diagnosis and prediction methods,health status estimation and health management methods.The last topic includes state of health estimation methods,remaining useful life prediction methods and predictive maintenance methods.Each of these categories is introduced and discussed in details.Based on this survey,we accordingly discuss challenges left to battery PHM,and provide future research opportunities.This research systematically reviews recent research about battery PHM from the perspective of key PHM steps and provide some valuable prospects for researchers and practitioners.展开更多
The Zambian mining industry is crucial to the national economy but struggles with inconsistent equipment maintenance practices. This study developed an Equipment Maintenance Management Framework (EMMF) tailored to the...The Zambian mining industry is crucial to the national economy but struggles with inconsistent equipment maintenance practices. This study developed an Equipment Maintenance Management Framework (EMMF) tailored to the industry’s needs. Using surveys, interviews, and on-site visits at eight major mining companies, we identified significant variations in maintenance strategies, CMMS usage, and reliability engineering. The EMMF prioritizes predictive maintenance, efficient CMMS implementation, ongoing training, and robust reliability engineering to shift from reactive to proactive maintenance. We recommend adopting continuous improvement practices and data-driven decision-making based on performance metrics, with a phased EMMF implementation aligning maintenance with strategic business objectives. This framework is poised to enhance operational efficiency, equipment reliability, and safety, fostering sustainable growth in the Zambian mining sector.展开更多
The reliability-based maintenance optimization model has been focused by the engineers and scholars but it has never been solved effectively to formulate the effect of a maintenance action on the optimization model. I...The reliability-based maintenance optimization model has been focused by the engineers and scholars but it has never been solved effectively to formulate the effect of a maintenance action on the optimization model. In existing works, the system reliability was assumed to be increased to 1 after a predictive maintenance. However, it is very difficult in the most practical systems. Therefore, a new reliability-based maintenance optimization model under imperfect predictive maintenance (PM) is proposed in this paper. In the model, the system reliability is only restored to R i (0<R i <1, i∈N, N is natural number set) after the ith PM. The system uptimes and the corresponding probability in two cases whether there is an unexpected fault in one cycle are derived respectively and the system expected uptime model is given. To formulate the system expected downtime, the probability of each imperfect PM number in one cycle is calculated. Then, the system expected total time model is obtained. The total expected long-term operation cost is composed of the expected maintenance cost, the expected loss due to the downtime and the expected additional cost due to the occurrence of an unexpected failure. They are modeled respectively in this work. Jointing the system expected total time and long-term operation cost in one cycle, the expected long-term operation cost per time could be computed. Then, the proposed maintenance optimization model is formulated where the objective function is to minimize the expected long-term operation cost per time. The results of numerical example show that the proposed model could scheme the optimal maintenance actions for the considered system when the required parameters are given and the optimal solution of the proposed model is sensitive to the parameters of effective age model and insensitive to other parameters. The proposed model effectively solves the problem of evaluating the effect of an imperfect PM on the system reliability and presents a more practical optimization method for the reliability-based maintenance strategy than the existing works.展开更多
Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction is an advanced technique for system maintenance scheduling.Most of existing RUL prediction methods are only interested in the precision of RUL estimation;the adverse impact of over...Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction is an advanced technique for system maintenance scheduling.Most of existing RUL prediction methods are only interested in the precision of RUL estimation;the adverse impact of overestimated RUL on maintenance scheduling is not of concern.In this work,an RUL estimation method with risk-averse adaptation is developed which can reduce the over-estimation rate while maintaining a reasonable under-estimation level.The proposed method includes a module of degradation feature selection to obtain crucial features which reflect system degradation trends.Then,the latent structure between the degradation features and the RUL labels is modeled by a support vector regression(SVR)model and a long short-term memory(LSTM)network,respectively.To enhance the prediction robustness and increase its marginal utility,the SVR model and the LSTM model are integrated to generate a hybrid model via three connection parameters.By designing a cost function with penalty mechanism,the three parameters are determined using a modified grey wolf optimization algorithm.In addition,a cost metric is proposed to measure the benefit of such a risk-averse predictive maintenance method.Verification is done using an aero-engine data set from NASA.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed RUL estimation method and the predictive maintenance strategy.展开更多
AI approaches have been introduced to predict the remaining useful life(RUL)of a machine in modern industrial areas.To apply them well,challenges regarding the high dimension of the data space and noisy data should be...AI approaches have been introduced to predict the remaining useful life(RUL)of a machine in modern industrial areas.To apply them well,challenges regarding the high dimension of the data space and noisy data should be met to improve model efficiency and accuracy.In this study,we propose an end-toend model,termed ACB,for RUL predictions;it combines an autoencoder,convolutional neural network(CNN),and bidirectional long short-term memory.A new penalized root mean square error loss function is included to avoid an overestimation of the RUL.With the CNN-based autoencoder,a high-dimensional data space can be mapped into a lower-dimensional latent space,and the noisy data can be greatly reduced.We compared ACB with five state-of-the-art models on the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation dataset.Our model achieved the lowest score value on all four sub-datasets.The robustness of our model to noise is also supported by the experiments.展开更多
The goal of railway rolling stock maintenance and replacement approaches is to reduce overall cost while increasing reliability which is multi objective op</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"&g...The goal of railway rolling stock maintenance and replacement approaches is to reduce overall cost while increasing reliability which is multi objective op</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">timization problem and a proper predictive maintenance scheduling table sh</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ould be adequately designed. We propose Breeding Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) model based on the concepts of Breeding Swarm and Genetic Algor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ithm (GA) operators to design this table. The practical experiment shows th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at our model reduces cost while increasing reliability compared to other models previously utilized.展开更多
Industry 4.0 has become a reality by fusing the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and Artificial Intelligence(AI),providing huge opportunities in the way manufacturing companies operate.However,the adoption of this p...Industry 4.0 has become a reality by fusing the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and Artificial Intelligence(AI),providing huge opportunities in the way manufacturing companies operate.However,the adoption of this paradigm shift,particularly in the field of smart factories and production,is still in its infancy,suffering from various issues,such as the lack of high-quality data,data with high-class imbalance,or poor diversity leading to inaccurate AI models.However,data is severely fragmented across different silos owned by several parties for a range of reasons,such as compliance and legal concerns,preventing discovery and insight-driven IIoT innovation.Notably,valuable and even vital information often remains unutilized as the rise and adoption of AI and IoT in parallel with the concerns and challenges associated with privacy and security.This adversely influences interand intra-organization collaborative use of IIoT data.To tackle these challenges,this article leverages emerging multi-party technologies,privacy-enhancing techniques(e.g.,Federated Learning),and AI approaches to present a holistic,decentralized architecture to form a foundation and cradle for a cross-company collaboration platform and a federated data space to tackle the creeping fragmented data landscape.Moreover,to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed reference model,a collaborative predictive diagnostics and maintenance case study is mapped to an edge-enabled IIoT architecture.Experimental results show the potential advantages of using the proposed approach for multi-party applications accelerating sovereign data sharing through Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,and Reusable(FAIR)principles.展开更多
Structural health monitoring and performance prediction are crucial for smart disaster mitigation and intelligent management of structures throughout their lifespan.Recent advancements in predictive maintenance strate...Structural health monitoring and performance prediction are crucial for smart disaster mitigation and intelligent management of structures throughout their lifespan.Recent advancements in predictive maintenance strategies within the industrial manufacturing industry have inspired similar innovations in civil engineering,aiming to improve structural performance evaluation,damage diagnosis,and capacity prediction.This review delves into the framework of predictive maintenance and examines various existing solutions,focusing on critical areas such as data acquisition,condition monitoring,damage prognosis,and maintenance planning.Results from real-world applications of predictive maintenance in civil engineering,covering high-rise structures,deep foundation pits,and other infrastructure,are presented.The challenges of implementing predictive maintenance in civil engineering structures under current technology,such as model interpretability of data-driven methods and standards for predictive maintenance,are explored.Future research prospects within this area are also discussed.展开更多
The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading （FPSO）. Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vib...The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading （FPSO）. Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vibration value of main sea water pump in the horizontal direction is abnormally high and malfunctions usually happen. Therefore, it is essential to make fault diagnosis of main sea water pump, By conventional off-line monitoring and vibration amplitude spectrum analysis, the fault cycle is found and the alarm value and stop value of equipment are set, which is helpful to equipment maintenance and accident prevention.展开更多
The vast potential of system health monitoring and condition based maintenance on modern commercial aircraft is being realized through the innovative use of Airplane Condition Monitoring System(ACMS) data.However ther...The vast potential of system health monitoring and condition based maintenance on modern commercial aircraft is being realized through the innovative use of Airplane Condition Monitoring System(ACMS) data.However there are few methods addressing the issues of failure prognostics and predictive maintenance for commercial aircraft Air Conditioning System(ACS).This study developed a Bayesian failure prognostics approach using ACMS data for predictive maintenance of ACS.First, a health index characterizing the ACS health state is inferred from a multiple sensor signals using a data driven method.Then a dynamic linear model is proposed to describe the degradation process for failure prognostics.Bayesian inference formulas are carried out for degradation estimation and prediction.The developed approach is applied on a passenger aircraft fleet with ACMS data recorded for one year.The analysis of the case study shows that the developed method can produce satisfactory prognostics results, where all the ACS failure precursors are identified in advance, and the relative errors for the failure time prediction made when just entering the degradation warning stage are less than 8%.This would allow operators to proactively plan future maintenance.展开更多
Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process varia...Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process variables under monitoring.As the systems grow increasingly large,high speed,automated and intelligent,the nonlinear relations among these process variables and their effects on accidents are to be fully understood for both system reliability and safety assurance.Failures that occur during the process can both cause tremendous loss to the petroleum industry and compromise product quality and affect the environment.Therefore,failures should be detected as soon as possible,and the root causes need to be identified so that corrections can be made in time to avoid further loss,which relate to the safety prognostic technology.By investigation of the relationship of accident causing factors in complex systems,new progress into diagnosis and prognostic technology from international research institutions is reviewed,and research highlights from China University of Petroleum（Beijing） in this area are also presented.By analyzing the present domestic and overseas research situations,the current problems and future directions in the fundamental research and engineering applications are proposed.展开更多
The existing knowledge regarding the interfacial forces,lubrication,and wear of bearings in real-world operation has significantly improved their designs over time,allowing for prolonged service life.As a result,self-...The existing knowledge regarding the interfacial forces,lubrication,and wear of bearings in real-world operation has significantly improved their designs over time,allowing for prolonged service life.As a result,self-lubricating bearings have become a viable alternative to traditional bearing designs in industrial machines.However,wear mechanisms are still inevitable and occur progressively in self-lubricating bearings,as characterized by the loss of the lubrication film and seizure.Therefore,monitoring the stages of the wear states in these components will help to impart the necessary countermeasures to reduce the machine maintenance downtime.This article proposes a methodology for using a long short-term memory(LSTM)-based encoder-decoder architecture on interfacial force signatures to detect abnormal regimes,aiming to provide early predictions of failure in self-lubricating sliding contacts even before they occur.Reciprocating sliding experiments were performed using a self-lubricating bronze bushing and steel shaft journal in a custom-built transversally oscillating tribometer setup.The force signatures corresponding to each cycle of the reciprocating sliding motion in the normal regime were used as inputs to train the encoder-decoder architecture,so as to reconstruct any new signal of the normal regime with the minimum error.With this semi-supervised training exercise,the force signatures corresponding to the abnormal regime could be differentiated from the normal regime,as their reconstruction errors would be very high.During the validation procedure for the proposed LSTM-based encoder-decoder model,the model predicted the force signals corresponding to the normal and abnormal regimes with an accuracy of 97%.In addition,a visualization of the reconstruction error across the entire force signature showed noticeable patterns in the reconstruction error when temporally decoded before the actual critical failure point,making it possible to be used for early predictions of failure.展开更多
Possessing an efficient production line relies heavily on the availability of the production equipment.Thus,to ensure that the required function for critical equipment is in compliance,and unplanned downtime is minimi...Possessing an efficient production line relies heavily on the availability of the production equipment.Thus,to ensure that the required function for critical equipment is in compliance,and unplanned downtime is minimized,succeeding with the field of maintenance is essential for industrialists.With the emergence of advanced manufacturing processes,incorporating predictive maintenance capabilities is seen as a necessity.Another field of interest is how modern value chains can support the maintenance function in a company.Accessibility to data from processes,equipment and products have increased significantly with the introduction of sensors and Industry 4.0 technologies.However,how to gather and utilize these data for enabling improved decision making within maintenance and value chain is still a challenge.Thus,the aim of this paper is to investigate on how maintenance and value chain data can collectively be used to improve value chain performance through prediction.The research approach includes both theoretical testing and industrial testing.The paper presents a novel concept for a predictive maintenance platform,and an artificial neural network(ANN)model with sensor data input.Further,a case of a company that has chosen to apply the platform,with the implications and determinants of this decision,is also provided.Results show that the platform can be used as an entry-level solution to enable Industry 4.0 and sensor data based predictive maintenance.展开更多
The air conditioning systems in electric city buses usually operate in rapidly changing ambient conditions and are more likely to suffer from mechanical faults. Although many fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) method...The air conditioning systems in electric city buses usually operate in rapidly changing ambient conditions and are more likely to suffer from mechanical faults. Although many fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods have been developed for building air conditioning systems, they are difficult to be applied to bus air conditioners since its operation is highly dynamic and fault-free data are usually unavailable. Therefore, this paper proposes an FDD method for electric bus air conditioners to tackle the above issues. First, the method identifies faults in an unsupervised manner by comparing selected features among a group of peer systems. Then, considering the features are influenced by the operating conditions, Gaussian process regression (GPR) models are established to find the relationships between each feature and its influential parameters. The probabilistic nature of the GPR is used to differentiate predictions with large uncertainty, which are then excluded from FDD. In this way, robustness of the method is evidently improved. Finally, fault indexes are defined to detect and diagnose mechanical faults. We applied the method to a group of air conditioners in a city bus fleet. Results showed that it can effectively identify refrigerant undercharge and indoor and outdoor fan problems with low false positive/genitive rates. Also, the method is highly robust and not sensitive to the faulty systems in the bus fleet.展开更多
Fault diagnosis and prognosis in mechanical systems have been researched and developed in the last few decades at a very rapid rate. However, owing to the high complexity of machine centers, research on improving the ...Fault diagnosis and prognosis in mechanical systems have been researched and developed in the last few decades at a very rapid rate. However, owing to the high complexity of machine centers, research on improving the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis and prognosis via data mining remains a prominent issue in this field. This study investigates fault diagnosis and prognosis in machine centers based on data mining approaches to formulate a systematic approach and obtain knowledge for predictive maintenance in Industry 4.0 era. We introduce a system framework based on Industry 4.0 concepts, which includes the process of fault analysis and treatment for predictive maintenance in machine centers. The framework includes five modules： sensor selection and data acquisition module, data preprocessing module, data mining module, decision support module, and maintenance implementation module. Furthermore, a case study is presented to illustrate the application of the data mining methods for fault diagnosis and prognosis in machine centers as an Industry 4.0 scenario.展开更多
基金funding provided through University Distinguished Research Grants(Project No.RDU223016)as well as financial assistance provided through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(No.FRGS/1/2022/TK10/UMP/02/35).
文摘Conventional fault diagnosis systems have constrained the automotive industry to damage vehicle maintenance and component longevity critically.Hence,there is a growing demand for advanced fault diagnosis technologies to mitigate the impact of these limitations on unplanned vehicular downtime caused by unanticipated vehicle breakdowns.Due to vehicles’increasingly complex and autonomous nature,there is a growing urgency to investigate novel diagnosis methodologies for improving safety,reliability,and maintainability.While Artificial Intelligence(AI)has provided a great opportunity in this area,a systematic review of the feasibility and application of AI for Vehicle Fault Diagnosis(VFD)systems is unavailable.Therefore,this review brings new insights into the potential of AI in VFD methodologies and offers a broad analysis using multiple techniques.We focus on reviewing relevant literature in the field of machine learning as well as deep learning algorithms for fault diagnosis in engines,lifting systems(suspensions and tires),gearboxes,and brakes,among other vehicular subsystems.We then delve into some examples of the use of AI in fault diagnosis and maintenance for electric vehicles and autonomous cars.The review elucidates the transformation of VFD systems that consequently increase accuracy,economization,and prediction in most vehicular sub-systems due to AI applications.Indeed,the limited performance of systems based on only one of these AI techniques is likely to be addressed by combinations:The integration shows that a single technique or method fails its expectations,which can lead to more reliable and versatile diagnostic support.By synthesizing current information and distinguishing forthcoming patterns,this work aims to accelerate advancement in smart automotive innovations,conforming with the requests of Industry 4.0 and adding to the progression of more secure,more dependable vehicles.The findings underscored the necessity for cross-disciplinary cooperation and examined the total potential of AI in vehicle default analysis.
文摘In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12172100.
文摘In multi-component systems,the components are dependent,rather than degenerating independently,leading to changes inmaintenance schedules.In this situation,this study proposes a grouping dynamicmaintenance strategy.Considering the structure of multi-component systems,the maintenance strategy is determined according to the importance of the components.The strategy can minimize the expected depreciation cost of the system and divide the system into optimal groups that meet economic requirements.First,multi-component models are grouped.Then,a failure probability model of multi-component systems is established.The maintenance parameters in each maintenance cycle are updated according to the failure probability of the components.Second,the component importance indicator is introduced into the grouping model,and the optimization model,which aimed at a maximum economic profit,is established.A genetic algorithm is used to solve the non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem in the optimization model,and the optimal grouping is obtained through the initial grouping determined by random allocation.An 11-component series and parallel system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy,and the influence of the system structure and the parameters on the maintenance strategy is discussed.
基金This paper is supported by the NCAIRF 079 project fund.The project is funded by National Center of Artificial Intelligence.
文摘Predictive maintenance is a vital aspect of the industrial sector,and the use of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)sensor nodes is becoming increasingly popular for detecting motor faults and monitoring motor conditions.An integrated approach for acquiring,processing,and wirelessly transmitting a large amount of data in predictive maintenance applications remains a significant challenge.This study presents an IIoT-based sensor node for industrial motors.The sensor node is designed to acquire vibration data on the radial and axial axes of the motor and utilizes a hybrid approach for efficient data processing via edge and cloud platforms.The initial step of signal processing is performed on the node at the edge,reducing the burden on a centralized cloud for processing data from multiple sensors.The proposed architecture utilizes the lightweight Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT)communication protocol for seamless data transmission from the node to the local and main brokers.The broker’s bridging allows for data backup in case of connection loss.The proposed sensor node is rigorously tested on a motor testbed in a laboratory setup and an industrial setting in a rice industry for validation,ensuring its performance and accuracy in real-world industrial environments.The data analysis and results from both testbed and industrial motors were discussed using vibration analysis for identifying faults.The proposed sensor node is a significant step towards improving the efficiency and reliability of industrial motors through realtime monitoring and early fault detection,ultimately leading to minimized unscheduled downtime and cost savings.
文摘Predictive Maintenance is a type of condition-based maintenance that assesses the equipment's states and estimates its failure probability and when maintenance should be performed.Although machine learning techniques have been frequently implemented in this area,the existing studies disregard to the nat-ural order between the target attribute values of the historical sensor data.Thus,these methods cause losing the inherent order of the data that positively affects the prediction performances.To deal with this problem,a novel approach,named Ordinal Multi-dimensional Classification(OMDC),is proposed for estimating the conditions of a hydraulic system's four components by taking into the natural order of class values.To demonstrate the prediction ability of the proposed approach,eleven different multi-dimensional classification algorithms(traditional Binary Relevance(BR),Classifier Chain(CC),Bayesian Classifier Chain(BCC),Monte Carlo Classifier Chain(MCC),Probabilistic Classifier Chain(PCC),Clas-sifier Dependency Network(CDN),Classifier Trellis(CT),Classifier Dependency Trellis(CDT),Label Powerset(LP),Pruned Sets(PS),and Random k-Labelsets(RAKEL))were implemented using the Ordinal Class Classifier(OCC)algorithm.Besides,seven different classification algorithms(Multilayer Perceptron(MLP),Support Vector Machine(SVM),k-Nearest Neighbour(kNN),Decision Tree(C4.5),Bagging,Random Forest(RF),and Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost))were chosen as base learners for the OCC algorithm.The experimental results present that the proposed OMDC approach using binary relevance multi-dimensional classification methods predicts the conditions of a hydraulic system's multiple components with high accuracy.Also,it is clearly seen from the results that the OMDC models that utilize ensemble-based classification algorithms give more reliable prediction performances with an average Hamming score of 0.853 than the others that use traditional algorithms as base learners.
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal Education Commission of China (Grant No. 2023KJ303)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12121002, 51975355)
文摘Prognostics and health management(PHM)has gotten considerable attention in the background of Industry 4.0.Battery PHM contributes to the reliable and safe operation of electric devices.Nevertheless,relevant reviews are still continuously updated over time.In this paper,we browsed extensive literature related to battery PHM from 2018to 2023 and summarized advances in battery PHM field,including battery testing and public datasets,fault diagnosis and prediction methods,health status estimation and health management methods.The last topic includes state of health estimation methods,remaining useful life prediction methods and predictive maintenance methods.Each of these categories is introduced and discussed in details.Based on this survey,we accordingly discuss challenges left to battery PHM,and provide future research opportunities.This research systematically reviews recent research about battery PHM from the perspective of key PHM steps and provide some valuable prospects for researchers and practitioners.
文摘The Zambian mining industry is crucial to the national economy but struggles with inconsistent equipment maintenance practices. This study developed an Equipment Maintenance Management Framework (EMMF) tailored to the industry’s needs. Using surveys, interviews, and on-site visits at eight major mining companies, we identified significant variations in maintenance strategies, CMMS usage, and reliability engineering. The EMMF prioritizes predictive maintenance, efficient CMMS implementation, ongoing training, and robust reliability engineering to shift from reactive to proactive maintenance. We recommend adopting continuous improvement practices and data-driven decision-making based on performance metrics, with a phased EMMF implementation aligning maintenance with strategic business objectives. This framework is poised to enhance operational efficiency, equipment reliability, and safety, fostering sustainable growth in the Zambian mining sector.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005041)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. N090303005)Key National Science & Technology Special Project on High-Grade CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment of China (Grant No. 2010ZX04014-014)
文摘The reliability-based maintenance optimization model has been focused by the engineers and scholars but it has never been solved effectively to formulate the effect of a maintenance action on the optimization model. In existing works, the system reliability was assumed to be increased to 1 after a predictive maintenance. However, it is very difficult in the most practical systems. Therefore, a new reliability-based maintenance optimization model under imperfect predictive maintenance (PM) is proposed in this paper. In the model, the system reliability is only restored to R i (0<R i <1, i∈N, N is natural number set) after the ith PM. The system uptimes and the corresponding probability in two cases whether there is an unexpected fault in one cycle are derived respectively and the system expected uptime model is given. To formulate the system expected downtime, the probability of each imperfect PM number in one cycle is calculated. Then, the system expected total time model is obtained. The total expected long-term operation cost is composed of the expected maintenance cost, the expected loss due to the downtime and the expected additional cost due to the occurrence of an unexpected failure. They are modeled respectively in this work. Jointing the system expected total time and long-term operation cost in one cycle, the expected long-term operation cost per time could be computed. Then, the proposed maintenance optimization model is formulated where the objective function is to minimize the expected long-term operation cost per time. The results of numerical example show that the proposed model could scheme the optimal maintenance actions for the considered system when the required parameters are given and the optimal solution of the proposed model is sensitive to the parameters of effective age model and insensitive to other parameters. The proposed model effectively solves the problem of evaluating the effect of an imperfect PM on the system reliability and presents a more practical optimization method for the reliability-based maintenance strategy than the existing works.
基金support by Natural Science Foundation of China(61873122)。
文摘Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction is an advanced technique for system maintenance scheduling.Most of existing RUL prediction methods are only interested in the precision of RUL estimation;the adverse impact of overestimated RUL on maintenance scheduling is not of concern.In this work,an RUL estimation method with risk-averse adaptation is developed which can reduce the over-estimation rate while maintaining a reasonable under-estimation level.The proposed method includes a module of degradation feature selection to obtain crucial features which reflect system degradation trends.Then,the latent structure between the degradation features and the RUL labels is modeled by a support vector regression(SVR)model and a long short-term memory(LSTM)network,respectively.To enhance the prediction robustness and increase its marginal utility,the SVR model and the LSTM model are integrated to generate a hybrid model via three connection parameters.By designing a cost function with penalty mechanism,the three parameters are determined using a modified grey wolf optimization algorithm.In addition,a cost metric is proposed to measure the benefit of such a risk-averse predictive maintenance method.Verification is done using an aero-engine data set from NASA.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed RUL estimation method and the predictive maintenance strategy.
文摘AI approaches have been introduced to predict the remaining useful life(RUL)of a machine in modern industrial areas.To apply them well,challenges regarding the high dimension of the data space and noisy data should be met to improve model efficiency and accuracy.In this study,we propose an end-toend model,termed ACB,for RUL predictions;it combines an autoencoder,convolutional neural network(CNN),and bidirectional long short-term memory.A new penalized root mean square error loss function is included to avoid an overestimation of the RUL.With the CNN-based autoencoder,a high-dimensional data space can be mapped into a lower-dimensional latent space,and the noisy data can be greatly reduced.We compared ACB with five state-of-the-art models on the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation dataset.Our model achieved the lowest score value on all four sub-datasets.The robustness of our model to noise is also supported by the experiments.
文摘The goal of railway rolling stock maintenance and replacement approaches is to reduce overall cost while increasing reliability which is multi objective op</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">timization problem and a proper predictive maintenance scheduling table sh</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ould be adequately designed. We propose Breeding Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) model based on the concepts of Breeding Swarm and Genetic Algor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ithm (GA) operators to design this table. The practical experiment shows th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at our model reduces cost while increasing reliability compared to other models previously utilized.
文摘Industry 4.0 has become a reality by fusing the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and Artificial Intelligence(AI),providing huge opportunities in the way manufacturing companies operate.However,the adoption of this paradigm shift,particularly in the field of smart factories and production,is still in its infancy,suffering from various issues,such as the lack of high-quality data,data with high-class imbalance,or poor diversity leading to inaccurate AI models.However,data is severely fragmented across different silos owned by several parties for a range of reasons,such as compliance and legal concerns,preventing discovery and insight-driven IIoT innovation.Notably,valuable and even vital information often remains unutilized as the rise and adoption of AI and IoT in parallel with the concerns and challenges associated with privacy and security.This adversely influences interand intra-organization collaborative use of IIoT data.To tackle these challenges,this article leverages emerging multi-party technologies,privacy-enhancing techniques(e.g.,Federated Learning),and AI approaches to present a holistic,decentralized architecture to form a foundation and cradle for a cross-company collaboration platform and a federated data space to tackle the creeping fragmented data landscape.Moreover,to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed reference model,a collaborative predictive diagnostics and maintenance case study is mapped to an edge-enabled IIoT architecture.Experimental results show the potential advantages of using the proposed approach for multi-party applications accelerating sovereign data sharing through Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,and Reusable(FAIR)principles.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52278312)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3801202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Structural health monitoring and performance prediction are crucial for smart disaster mitigation and intelligent management of structures throughout their lifespan.Recent advancements in predictive maintenance strategies within the industrial manufacturing industry have inspired similar innovations in civil engineering,aiming to improve structural performance evaluation,damage diagnosis,and capacity prediction.This review delves into the framework of predictive maintenance and examines various existing solutions,focusing on critical areas such as data acquisition,condition monitoring,damage prognosis,and maintenance planning.Results from real-world applications of predictive maintenance in civil engineering,covering high-rise structures,deep foundation pits,and other infrastructure,are presented.The challenges of implementing predictive maintenance in civil engineering structures under current technology,such as model interpretability of data-driven methods and standards for predictive maintenance,are explored.Future research prospects within this area are also discussed.
文摘The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading （FPSO）. Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vibration value of main sea water pump in the horizontal direction is abnormally high and malfunctions usually happen. Therefore, it is essential to make fault diagnosis of main sea water pump, By conventional off-line monitoring and vibration amplitude spectrum analysis, the fault cycle is found and the alarm value and stop value of equipment are set, which is helpful to equipment maintenance and accident prevention.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91860139)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M581792)。
文摘The vast potential of system health monitoring and condition based maintenance on modern commercial aircraft is being realized through the innovative use of Airplane Condition Monitoring System(ACMS) data.However there are few methods addressing the issues of failure prognostics and predictive maintenance for commercial aircraft Air Conditioning System(ACS).This study developed a Bayesian failure prognostics approach using ACMS data for predictive maintenance of ACS.First, a health index characterizing the ACS health state is inferred from a multiple sensor signals using a data driven method.Then a dynamic linear model is proposed to describe the degradation process for failure prognostics.Bayesian inference formulas are carried out for degradation estimation and prediction.The developed approach is applied on a passenger aircraft fleet with ACMS data recorded for one year.The analysis of the case study shows that the developed method can produce satisfactory prognostics results, where all the ACS failure precursors are identified in advance, and the relative errors for the failure time prediction made when just entering the degradation warning stage are less than 8%.This would allow operators to proactively plan future maintenance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51104168)the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Supervisor Project of Beijing (Grant YB20111141401)+3 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0972)PetroChina Innovation Foundation (Grant No. 2011D-5006-0408)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (3132027)Supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (No. YJRC-2013-35)
文摘Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process variables under monitoring.As the systems grow increasingly large,high speed,automated and intelligent,the nonlinear relations among these process variables and their effects on accidents are to be fully understood for both system reliability and safety assurance.Failures that occur during the process can both cause tremendous loss to the petroleum industry and compromise product quality and affect the environment.Therefore,failures should be detected as soon as possible,and the root causes need to be identified so that corrections can be made in time to avoid further loss,which relate to the safety prognostic technology.By investigation of the relationship of accident causing factors in complex systems,new progress into diagnosis and prognostic technology from international research institutions is reviewed,and research highlights from China University of Petroleum（Beijing） in this area are also presented.By analyzing the present domestic and overseas research situations,the current problems and future directions in the fundamental research and engineering applications are proposed.
基金This work was funded by the Austrian COMET Program(project InTribology,No.872176)via the Austrian Research Promotion Agency(FFG)and the Provinces of Niederosterreich and Vorarlberg,and has been carried out within the Austrian Excellence Centre of Tribology(AC2T research GmbH).
文摘The existing knowledge regarding the interfacial forces,lubrication,and wear of bearings in real-world operation has significantly improved their designs over time,allowing for prolonged service life.As a result,self-lubricating bearings have become a viable alternative to traditional bearing designs in industrial machines.However,wear mechanisms are still inevitable and occur progressively in self-lubricating bearings,as characterized by the loss of the lubrication film and seizure.Therefore,monitoring the stages of the wear states in these components will help to impart the necessary countermeasures to reduce the machine maintenance downtime.This article proposes a methodology for using a long short-term memory(LSTM)-based encoder-decoder architecture on interfacial force signatures to detect abnormal regimes,aiming to provide early predictions of failure in self-lubricating sliding contacts even before they occur.Reciprocating sliding experiments were performed using a self-lubricating bronze bushing and steel shaft journal in a custom-built transversally oscillating tribometer setup.The force signatures corresponding to each cycle of the reciprocating sliding motion in the normal regime were used as inputs to train the encoder-decoder architecture,so as to reconstruct any new signal of the normal regime with the minimum error.With this semi-supervised training exercise,the force signatures corresponding to the abnormal regime could be differentiated from the normal regime,as their reconstruction errors would be very high.During the validation procedure for the proposed LSTM-based encoder-decoder model,the model predicted the force signals corresponding to the normal and abnormal regimes with an accuracy of 97%.In addition,a visualization of the reconstruction error across the entire force signature showed noticeable patterns in the reconstruction error when temporally decoded before the actual critical failure point,making it possible to be used for early predictions of failure.
基金supported by the research project Cyber Physical Systems in plant perspective(CPS-Plant)The Research Council of Norway is funding CPS-Plantgrateful for contributions and support from the case company.
文摘Possessing an efficient production line relies heavily on the availability of the production equipment.Thus,to ensure that the required function for critical equipment is in compliance,and unplanned downtime is minimized,succeeding with the field of maintenance is essential for industrialists.With the emergence of advanced manufacturing processes,incorporating predictive maintenance capabilities is seen as a necessity.Another field of interest is how modern value chains can support the maintenance function in a company.Accessibility to data from processes,equipment and products have increased significantly with the introduction of sensors and Industry 4.0 technologies.However,how to gather and utilize these data for enabling improved decision making within maintenance and value chain is still a challenge.Thus,the aim of this paper is to investigate on how maintenance and value chain data can collectively be used to improve value chain performance through prediction.The research approach includes both theoretical testing and industrial testing.The paper presents a novel concept for a predictive maintenance platform,and an artificial neural network(ANN)model with sensor data input.Further,a case of a company that has chosen to apply the platform,with the implications and determinants of this decision,is also provided.Results show that the platform can be used as an entry-level solution to enable Industry 4.0 and sensor data based predictive maintenance.
基金support of this research by the Research Talent Hub for ITF Project(ITP/002/22LP)sponsored by Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR(C5018-20GF).
文摘The air conditioning systems in electric city buses usually operate in rapidly changing ambient conditions and are more likely to suffer from mechanical faults. Although many fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods have been developed for building air conditioning systems, they are difficult to be applied to bus air conditioners since its operation is highly dynamic and fault-free data are usually unavailable. Therefore, this paper proposes an FDD method for electric bus air conditioners to tackle the above issues. First, the method identifies faults in an unsupervised manner by comparing selected features among a group of peer systems. Then, considering the features are influenced by the operating conditions, Gaussian process regression (GPR) models are established to find the relationships between each feature and its influential parameters. The probabilistic nature of the GPR is used to differentiate predictions with large uncertainty, which are then excluded from FDD. In this way, robustness of the method is evidently improved. Finally, fault indexes are defined to detect and diagnose mechanical faults. We applied the method to a group of air conditioners in a city bus fleet. Results showed that it can effectively identify refrigerant undercharge and indoor and outdoor fan problems with low false positive/genitive rates. Also, the method is highly robust and not sensitive to the faulty systems in the bus fleet.
文摘Fault diagnosis and prognosis in mechanical systems have been researched and developed in the last few decades at a very rapid rate. However, owing to the high complexity of machine centers, research on improving the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis and prognosis via data mining remains a prominent issue in this field. This study investigates fault diagnosis and prognosis in machine centers based on data mining approaches to formulate a systematic approach and obtain knowledge for predictive maintenance in Industry 4.0 era. We introduce a system framework based on Industry 4.0 concepts, which includes the process of fault analysis and treatment for predictive maintenance in machine centers. The framework includes five modules： sensor selection and data acquisition module, data preprocessing module, data mining module, decision support module, and maintenance implementation module. Furthermore, a case study is presented to illustrate the application of the data mining methods for fault diagnosis and prognosis in machine centers as an Industry 4.0 scenario.
