The high temperature and pressure achieved during cooking extrusion has been shown to affect nutrient availability. To determine the effects of extrusion temperature on the efficacy of mannanoligosaccharide (Bio-Mos?)...The high temperature and pressure achieved during cooking extrusion has been shown to affect nutrient availability. To determine the effects of extrusion temperature on the efficacy of mannanoligosaccharide (Bio-Mos?) in channel catfish, 4 experimental diets were fed for 9 wks and then challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri bacterium. Catfish (9.9 ± 0.4 g) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: Low-None (low temperature process without additive);High-None (high temperature process without additive);Low-Bio (low temperature process with 4 g/kg diet Bio-Mos?);High-Bio (high temperature process with 4 g/kg diet Bio-Mos?). Although specific growth rate and food conversion ratio were similar among treatments (P > 0.10), survival after E. ictaluri challenge was highest (P ?-laden feed resulted in survival numbers similar to diets without Bio-Mos?. Extruding catfish diets supplemented with Bio-Mos? at lower temperatures may provide another strategy to control enteric septicemia of catfish.展开更多
Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/k...Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/kg or 2 g mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）/kg or both 6 g CF/kg plus 2 g MOS/kg. On 21st and 42nd days the pH of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and ceca were measured in situ and the total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts of the cecal content were recorded. Results showed that MOS decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the total aerobic bacteria counts on 21st day. Moreover, CF decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the lactic acid bacteria counts on 21st day. Interaction between MOS and CF was noticed on the cecal pH on the 42nd day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower pH, compared to each separate addition. Also, interaction was noticed on the cecal bacterial counts on the 21st day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriacea and coliform counts, compared to each separate addition.展开更多
Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized...Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate.On d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs.After hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected periodically.Results:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(P>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(P<0.05).The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day(P<0.01)but were not different among any treatments on d 7 and 28(P>0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(P<0.05)compared with both controls.Compared with both controls,XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10(P=0.074).No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7(P>0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(P<0.05).The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(P<0.05)than both controls on d 28.The predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the XOS3 group compared with both controls(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effects of these XOS and MOS on ileal mucosa and immunity are transient,but the effects on fermentation and cecal microbiota are prolonged,and further research is warranted to determine their use as a gut health promoter in poultry.展开更多
文摘The high temperature and pressure achieved during cooking extrusion has been shown to affect nutrient availability. To determine the effects of extrusion temperature on the efficacy of mannanoligosaccharide (Bio-Mos?) in channel catfish, 4 experimental diets were fed for 9 wks and then challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri bacterium. Catfish (9.9 ± 0.4 g) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: Low-None (low temperature process without additive);High-None (high temperature process without additive);Low-Bio (low temperature process with 4 g/kg diet Bio-Mos?);High-Bio (high temperature process with 4 g/kg diet Bio-Mos?). Although specific growth rate and food conversion ratio were similar among treatments (P > 0.10), survival after E. ictaluri challenge was highest (P ?-laden feed resulted in survival numbers similar to diets without Bio-Mos?. Extruding catfish diets supplemented with Bio-Mos? at lower temperatures may provide another strategy to control enteric septicemia of catfish.
文摘Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/kg or 2 g mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）/kg or both 6 g CF/kg plus 2 g MOS/kg. On 21st and 42nd days the pH of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and ceca were measured in situ and the total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts of the cecal content were recorded. Results showed that MOS decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the total aerobic bacteria counts on 21st day. Moreover, CF decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the lactic acid bacteria counts on 21st day. Interaction between MOS and CF was noticed on the cecal pH on the 42nd day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower pH, compared to each separate addition. Also, interaction was noticed on the cecal bacterial counts on the 21st day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriacea and coliform counts, compared to each separate addition.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture,Hatch-Multistate Fundby the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu,HI,USA
文摘Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate.On d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs.After hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected periodically.Results:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(P>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(P<0.05).The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day(P<0.01)but were not different among any treatments on d 7 and 28(P>0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(P<0.05)compared with both controls.Compared with both controls,XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10(P=0.074).No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7(P>0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(P<0.05).The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(P<0.05)than both controls on d 28.The predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the XOS3 group compared with both controls(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effects of these XOS and MOS on ileal mucosa and immunity are transient,but the effects on fermentation and cecal microbiota are prolonged,and further research is warranted to determine their use as a gut health promoter in poultry.
