Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperat...Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, specializing in the import and export of electromechanical products. It is one of our country’s first and largest foreign trade corporations. Since its founding 45 years ago, the corporation has been consistently endeavoring to develop and expand foreign trade in electromechanical products, and展开更多
ACCORDING to an Economic Information Daily report on January 11, notable progress has been made in this classification process, which will be made public in the near future. A corresponding assessment scheme has also ...ACCORDING to an Economic Information Daily report on January 11, notable progress has been made in this classification process, which will be made public in the near future. A corresponding assessment scheme has also been formulated, Consequently, mixed ownership reform based on SOE classification will be accelerated.展开更多
Architecture plays an important role in basic industry of China national economy, and architecture market is one of the biggest markets in China. Architecture enterprise competition is very intense now, the market eco...Architecture plays an important role in basic industry of China national economy, and architecture market is one of the biggest markets in China. Architecture enterprise competition is very intense now, the market economy theory is applied to analyze Chinese architecture market in this article, and the inevitability and main characteristics of enterprise competition is described. This article indicates that architecture enterprise should face the problem rightly and reasoningly. As the market is filled with the threat of failure, at the same time, it is also filled with successful opportunity. To survive and develop in the market, enterprise should adapt to the market environment continuously and participate the market competition actively.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that product market competition has an important effect on corporate strategies and internal governance mechanisms. Using a sample of China's listed firms from 2004 to 2009, we explore ...Previous studies have shown that product market competition has an important effect on corporate strategies and internal governance mechanisms. Using a sample of China's listed firms from 2004 to 2009, we explore the relationship between product market competition and normal related party transactions and find a significant positive relationship. In addition, we investigate the substitutive effect of product market competition and the cash flow rights owned by ultimate controlling shareholders on the extent of normal related party transactions. In particular, our results suggest a positive relationship between the ultimate controlling shareholders' cash flow rights and normal related party transactions that is strongest in noncompetitive industries and weakens as product market competition increases.展开更多
By means of a literature review, this paper strives to provide some clarity on the much-debated relationship between product market competition and firms＇ incentives to innovate. It shows that in the literature there...By means of a literature review, this paper strives to provide some clarity on the much-debated relationship between product market competition and firms＇ incentives to innovate. It shows that in the literature there does not exist a robust relationship between competition and incentives to innovate. Therefore, it would be futile to continue the debate over whether competition stimulates or hinders innovation. A more useful approach is to make a distinction between pre-innovation competition and post-innovation competition, as it provides a way for reconciling many of the seemingly contradictory findings from the literature. Another important insight from the literature is that the relationship between competition and innovation depends on the source of increased competition.展开更多
We investigate how product market competition affects corporate voluntary disclosure decisions,specifically regarding supply-chain information.Our results,based on a sample of manufacturing companies listed in China f...We investigate how product market competition affects corporate voluntary disclosure decisions,specifically regarding supply-chain information.Our results,based on a sample of manufacturing companies listed in China from 2010 to 2016,show that companies in more competitive industries disclose less customer/supplier information.The main results stand through several robustness tests.Further analyses show that the negative relationship between product market competitiveness and supply-chain information disclosure is stronger when the disclosure contains more incremental information and when competitors are more capable of gaining competitive advantage using the disclosed information.Our study contributes to the understanding of both the relationship between product market competition and voluntary disclosure decisions and the regulation of information disclosure to build a transparent capital market.展开更多
When measuring the nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, three factors should be considered： direct import competition, direct export competition and third market competuion. The traditional NEER methodology usin...When measuring the nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, three factors should be considered： direct import competition, direct export competition and third market competuion. The traditional NEER methodology using aggregated export trade data underestimates the competition between countries producing homogeneous goods, so that the weight of the effective exchange rates is too reliant on trade scale. Based on 2002 6-digit items of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, this paper employs the competitive stress index to adjust the weighting system of the renminbi NEER for third market competition. In the new weighting system, European countries and some emerging economies have higher weights compared with some of the developed countries, including the USA, Japan and resources-dominated eeonomies~ This research will facilitate the understanding of changes in China＇s export competitiveness.展开更多
The frequency of Russian media usage has been declining since 2018, but television is still the most popularmedium in Russia. The rise of digital radio and television represents a mixed picture, in part because of pol...The frequency of Russian media usage has been declining since 2018, but television is still the most popularmedium in Russia. The rise of digital radio and television represents a mixed picture, in part because of politicalpressures, but the digital transition between federal and regional media is not synchronized;on the other hand, theRussian print media market has suffered from poor returns and high costs since 2012. Insufficient facilities withpoor quality and lack of advertisement revenues have made it difficult for print media to survive. The governmenthas provided financial subsidies for media, but it will still support economic independence of media. Thegovernment has strictly regulated foreign investments after 2014, which ensure the concentration of mediaownership but reduced the media market’s competitiveness. Now the Russian government is adjusting policies,seeking ways to balance media market competition and retaining political control of media.展开更多
As revealed by some competition of commodities supplied foreign experts, the financial leverage has an impact on the market by different listed companies, and low financial leverage implies a competitive edge but high...As revealed by some competition of commodities supplied foreign experts, the financial leverage has an impact on the market by different listed companies, and low financial leverage implies a competitive edge but high financial leverage is liable to fail in business operation. Viewing from such an angle, the low financial leverage is in fact a conservative financial behavior, which means a reasonable selection. Generally, Chinese listed companies prefer financing from offering equity shares, which is regarded as a reasonable selection weighing both gains and risks. However, based on an analysis of the pressure of market competition to the listed companies of various industries and how they select their own fit/ancial leverage, it is found that there is an extremely unmatched phenomenon in China＇s capital market, i.e., the keener the commodity market competition is, the higher the financial leverage of listed companies will be. Therefore, the over-financing from offering equity shares is coexisting with under-financing from offering equity shares in China＇s capital market at present, and both lead listed companies to low efficiency.展开更多
Since opening to the outside world and introducing the strategy of economic, trade and market connection between China and the world, the Chinese market has drawn closer to and merged with the international market.For...Since opening to the outside world and introducing the strategy of economic, trade and market connection between China and the world, the Chinese market has drawn closer to and merged with the international market.Foreign enterprises and commodities have entered the Chinesc market on a large scale; Chinese enterprises have also implemented the development展开更多
In recent years,based on advantages of industry,market,science and technology and other development environment,strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province are developing rapidly,and emerging industries such as ne...In recent years,based on advantages of industry,market,science and technology and other development environment,strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province are developing rapidly,and emerging industries such as new energy,new materials,new generation of information technology occupy an important market share in China and even the world.However,there are still a number of problems in the process of development,and the policy support has a greater impact.In this paper,the development status of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province was discussed firstly,and then the challenges and problems of the development was discussed.Finally,some science and technology promotion policies of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province were proposed.展开更多
This article is based on growth, financial multidimensional perspective of redundancy and product market competition, focus on growth as a key variable, to explore the growth of financial redundancy and product market...This article is based on growth, financial multidimensional perspective of redundancy and product market competition, focus on growth as a key variable, to explore the growth of financial redundancy and product market competition. The data of 326 real estate companies were selected for empirical analysis. The research finds that the financial redundancy promotes competition in the product market, and the relationship between the growth of the enterprise growth and the competition between the financial redundancy and the competition of the product market.展开更多
With China’s entry into WTO, China’s small and medium-sized enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The integration of the world economy has brought opportunities for the internationalizat...With China’s entry into WTO, China’s small and medium-sized enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The integration of the world economy has brought opportunities for the internationalization and industrialization of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to the lack of systematic marketing strategies, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is beset with difficulties. From the perspective of marketing strategy, this paper analyzes the marketing strategy problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. From four aspects: marketing concept, marketing team, marketing strategy and marketing model 4P, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the marketing benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises.展开更多
The history and present situations of the Chinese toothpaste market competition were introduced, the character- istics of the China toothpaste market competition were analyzed from four aspects, brand competition, pro...The history and present situations of the Chinese toothpaste market competition were introduced, the character- istics of the China toothpaste market competition were analyzed from four aspects, brand competition, product com- petition, price competition, and channel competition. The development trend of the China toothpaste market competi- tion in the future five years was forecast.展开更多
This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism(GM)or benchmarking mechanism(BM).We find that ut...This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism(GM)or benchmarking mechanism(BM).We find that utility firms will invest in renewable energy more under BM than under GM,in both competitive and cooperative markets,and they will invest more in a competitive market than in a cooperative market,under either GM or BM.Furthermore,utility firms will produce more electricity and generate more total carbon emissions under BM than under GM.The profits of two firms,however,are higher in cooperative market than in competitive market.The government will benefit from implementing a BM to encourage utility firms to invest in renewable energy in a competing market.展开更多
Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play an important role in the world economy.Modern trends in the development of small and medium enterprises imply a constant increase in their role in the total income of an economy....Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play an important role in the world economy.Modern trends in the development of small and medium enterprises imply a constant increase in their role in the total income of an economy.For such an approach,it is important to achieve quality organizational and managerial concepts of planning strategy development.In many countries,small businesses dominate in the production of a number of smaller products,higher consumption,and high quality of these products.The concept of a small economy consists of a group of companies that stand out in terms of their characteristics in relation to large companies.In relation to large companies as business systems,SMEs differ based on the concept of their own organization’s business,the volume of business,and the availability of resources.Research data show that the main obstacle to efficient continuous business of SMEs in the world is the procurement and maintenance of business resources.Ensuring continuity in production is often a problem of lack of resources,which primarily characterizes them in relation to large companies.Small business and entrepreneurship are the main backbone of today’s economic development,viewed globally.The purpose of the development of small and medium enterprises in the world is to enable the development of a successful and flexible entrepreneurial climate as an important organizational determinant,which is a prerequisite for progress in the modern world economy.The feature of SME development is the innovation of employees that needs to be constantly developed.In that way,conditions are provided for technological development,formation of flexible organizations,and new employment.In practice,small and medium enterprises are the engine of economic development.It is a sector that promotes private property and entrepreneurial skills.According to experts on economic issues,SMEs are today and in the future,not only in Serbia,the Region,but also in the world,a synonym for the private sector-for entrepreneurship.Comparative analysis shows the advantage of SMEs,especially in flexible business,where they can quickly adapt to change and can fully meet market demands.展开更多
This paper examines the issue of market access for development in the context of Africa during the age of globalization. The opportunity offered by China--the huge emerging market for Africa＇s exports goes in the way...This paper examines the issue of market access for development in the context of Africa during the age of globalization. The opportunity offered by China--the huge emerging market for Africa＇s exports goes in the way of openness source of economic success.展开更多
文摘Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, specializing in the import and export of electromechanical products. It is one of our country’s first and largest foreign trade corporations. Since its founding 45 years ago, the corporation has been consistently endeavoring to develop and expand foreign trade in electromechanical products, and
文摘ACCORDING to an Economic Information Daily report on January 11, notable progress has been made in this classification process, which will be made public in the near future. A corresponding assessment scheme has also been formulated, Consequently, mixed ownership reform based on SOE classification will be accelerated.
文摘Architecture plays an important role in basic industry of China national economy, and architecture market is one of the biggest markets in China. Architecture enterprise competition is very intense now, the market economy theory is applied to analyze Chinese architecture market in this article, and the inevitability and main characteristics of enterprise competition is described. This article indicates that architecture enterprise should face the problem rightly and reasoningly. As the market is filled with the threat of failure, at the same time, it is also filled with successful opportunity. To survive and develop in the market, enterprise should adapt to the market environment continuously and participate the market competition actively.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(71263034,70902004)Humanities and Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education of China(10XJC630003)Program of Higher-level Talents at Inner Mongolia University,China(Z20100103)
文摘Previous studies have shown that product market competition has an important effect on corporate strategies and internal governance mechanisms. Using a sample of China's listed firms from 2004 to 2009, we explore the relationship between product market competition and normal related party transactions and find a significant positive relationship. In addition, we investigate the substitutive effect of product market competition and the cash flow rights owned by ultimate controlling shareholders on the extent of normal related party transactions. In particular, our results suggest a positive relationship between the ultimate controlling shareholders' cash flow rights and normal related party transactions that is strongest in noncompetitive industries and weakens as product market competition increases.
文摘By means of a literature review, this paper strives to provide some clarity on the much-debated relationship between product market competition and firms＇ incentives to innovate. It shows that in the literature there does not exist a robust relationship between competition and incentives to innovate. Therefore, it would be futile to continue the debate over whether competition stimulates or hinders innovation. A more useful approach is to make a distinction between pre-innovation competition and post-innovation competition, as it provides a way for reconciling many of the seemingly contradictory findings from the literature. Another important insight from the literature is that the relationship between competition and innovation depends on the source of increased competition.
基金financial support from the China National Natural Science Foundation(Grant numbers:71502185,71802207,71872199,71972193)the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation(Grant numbers:18YJC630271)Young Talents Development Support Scheme of Central University of Finance and Economics(QYP2004)
文摘We investigate how product market competition affects corporate voluntary disclosure decisions,specifically regarding supply-chain information.Our results,based on a sample of manufacturing companies listed in China from 2010 to 2016,show that companies in more competitive industries disclose less customer/supplier information.The main results stand through several robustness tests.Further analyses show that the negative relationship between product market competitiveness and supply-chain information disclosure is stronger when the disclosure contains more incremental information and when competitors are more capable of gaining competitive advantage using the disclosed information.Our study contributes to the understanding of both the relationship between product market competition and voluntary disclosure decisions and the regulation of information disclosure to build a transparent capital market.
基金financed by the National Social Science Fund"G20 and Global Governance"(11AGJ001)
文摘When measuring the nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, three factors should be considered： direct import competition, direct export competition and third market competuion. The traditional NEER methodology using aggregated export trade data underestimates the competition between countries producing homogeneous goods, so that the weight of the effective exchange rates is too reliant on trade scale. Based on 2002 6-digit items of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, this paper employs the competitive stress index to adjust the weighting system of the renminbi NEER for third market competition. In the new weighting system, European countries and some emerging economies have higher weights compared with some of the developed countries, including the USA, Japan and resources-dominated eeonomies~ This research will facilitate the understanding of changes in China＇s export competitiveness.
文摘The frequency of Russian media usage has been declining since 2018, but television is still the most popularmedium in Russia. The rise of digital radio and television represents a mixed picture, in part because of politicalpressures, but the digital transition between federal and regional media is not synchronized;on the other hand, theRussian print media market has suffered from poor returns and high costs since 2012. Insufficient facilities withpoor quality and lack of advertisement revenues have made it difficult for print media to survive. The governmenthas provided financial subsidies for media, but it will still support economic independence of media. Thegovernment has strictly regulated foreign investments after 2014, which ensure the concentration of mediaownership but reduced the media market’s competitiveness. Now the Russian government is adjusting policies,seeking ways to balance media market competition and retaining political control of media.
文摘As revealed by some competition of commodities supplied foreign experts, the financial leverage has an impact on the market by different listed companies, and low financial leverage implies a competitive edge but high financial leverage is liable to fail in business operation. Viewing from such an angle, the low financial leverage is in fact a conservative financial behavior, which means a reasonable selection. Generally, Chinese listed companies prefer financing from offering equity shares, which is regarded as a reasonable selection weighing both gains and risks. However, based on an analysis of the pressure of market competition to the listed companies of various industries and how they select their own fit/ancial leverage, it is found that there is an extremely unmatched phenomenon in China＇s capital market, i.e., the keener the commodity market competition is, the higher the financial leverage of listed companies will be. Therefore, the over-financing from offering equity shares is coexisting with under-financing from offering equity shares in China＇s capital market at present, and both lead listed companies to low efficiency.
文摘Since opening to the outside world and introducing the strategy of economic, trade and market connection between China and the world, the Chinese market has drawn closer to and merged with the international market.Foreign enterprises and commodities have entered the Chinesc market on a large scale; Chinese enterprises have also implemented the development
基金Supported by the Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province in 2022(2022AH052680)Major Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province in 2024(2024AH040304)Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province in 2021(SK2021A0876).
文摘In recent years,based on advantages of industry,market,science and technology and other development environment,strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province are developing rapidly,and emerging industries such as new energy,new materials,new generation of information technology occupy an important market share in China and even the world.However,there are still a number of problems in the process of development,and the policy support has a greater impact.In this paper,the development status of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province was discussed firstly,and then the challenges and problems of the development was discussed.Finally,some science and technology promotion policies of strategic emerging industries in Anhui Province were proposed.
文摘This article is based on growth, financial multidimensional perspective of redundancy and product market competition, focus on growth as a key variable, to explore the growth of financial redundancy and product market competition. The data of 326 real estate companies were selected for empirical analysis. The research finds that the financial redundancy promotes competition in the product market, and the relationship between the growth of the enterprise growth and the competition between the financial redundancy and the competition of the product market.
文摘With China’s entry into WTO, China’s small and medium-sized enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The integration of the world economy has brought opportunities for the internationalization and industrialization of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to the lack of systematic marketing strategies, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is beset with difficulties. From the perspective of marketing strategy, this paper analyzes the marketing strategy problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. From four aspects: marketing concept, marketing team, marketing strategy and marketing model 4P, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for improving the marketing benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises.
文摘The history and present situations of the Chinese toothpaste market competition were introduced, the character- istics of the China toothpaste market competition were analyzed from four aspects, brand competition, product com- petition, price competition, and channel competition. The development trend of the China toothpaste market competi- tion in the future five years was forecast.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71531003)Philosophy and Social Science Research Fund of Chengdu University of Technology(YJ2021-QN005)Center for Trans-Himalaya Studies(KX2022B01)。
文摘This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism(GM)or benchmarking mechanism(BM).We find that utility firms will invest in renewable energy more under BM than under GM,in both competitive and cooperative markets,and they will invest more in a competitive market than in a cooperative market,under either GM or BM.Furthermore,utility firms will produce more electricity and generate more total carbon emissions under BM than under GM.The profits of two firms,however,are higher in cooperative market than in competitive market.The government will benefit from implementing a BM to encourage utility firms to invest in renewable energy in a competing market.
文摘Small and medium enterprises(SMEs)play an important role in the world economy.Modern trends in the development of small and medium enterprises imply a constant increase in their role in the total income of an economy.For such an approach,it is important to achieve quality organizational and managerial concepts of planning strategy development.In many countries,small businesses dominate in the production of a number of smaller products,higher consumption,and high quality of these products.The concept of a small economy consists of a group of companies that stand out in terms of their characteristics in relation to large companies.In relation to large companies as business systems,SMEs differ based on the concept of their own organization’s business,the volume of business,and the availability of resources.Research data show that the main obstacle to efficient continuous business of SMEs in the world is the procurement and maintenance of business resources.Ensuring continuity in production is often a problem of lack of resources,which primarily characterizes them in relation to large companies.Small business and entrepreneurship are the main backbone of today’s economic development,viewed globally.The purpose of the development of small and medium enterprises in the world is to enable the development of a successful and flexible entrepreneurial climate as an important organizational determinant,which is a prerequisite for progress in the modern world economy.The feature of SME development is the innovation of employees that needs to be constantly developed.In that way,conditions are provided for technological development,formation of flexible organizations,and new employment.In practice,small and medium enterprises are the engine of economic development.It is a sector that promotes private property and entrepreneurial skills.According to experts on economic issues,SMEs are today and in the future,not only in Serbia,the Region,but also in the world,a synonym for the private sector-for entrepreneurship.Comparative analysis shows the advantage of SMEs,especially in flexible business,where they can quickly adapt to change and can fully meet market demands.
文摘This paper examines the issue of market access for development in the context of Africa during the age of globalization. The opportunity offered by China--the huge emerging market for Africa＇s exports goes in the way of openness source of economic success.
