The dura mater is of similar embryological origin to the fascial organ. It contains several fibroblasts which make the dura mater a flexible structure. Dura mater is the outermost of the three layers of meninges, a th...The dura mater is of similar embryological origin to the fascial organ. It contains several fibroblasts which make the dura mater a flexible structure. Dura mater is the outermost of the three layers of meninges, a thick and rigid inelastic membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord and that is impermeable to the cerebrospinal fluid. The cranial dura mater in certain respects differs anatomically from the dura material in the spinal cord, and it is important to classify them separately. This article reviews the anatomical structure of spinal and cranial dura mater and its anatomy with muscle, fascia, bone structure and ligaments. Dura mater is a structure in the body that is connected with systemic functions.展开更多
Rare earth-containing magneto-strictive material has caught theworld attention in recent yearsbecause of its amazing performan-ces:high magnetostrictive ratio,rapid response to mechanical be-havior,high rate of energy...Rare earth-containing magneto-strictive material has caught theworld attention in recent yearsbecause of its amazing performan-ces:high magnetostrictive ratio,rapid response to mechanical be-havior,high rate of energy tran-sformation,etc.,which are vitalto sonar transducers,performersand brakes which,in turn,play展开更多
Aims: To examine the associations between being overweight and behavioural pro blems at ages 5 and 14. Methods: Birth cohort study of 2875 individuals who were born in Brisbane between 1981 and 1984 and who were follo...Aims: To examine the associations between being overweight and behavioural pro blems at ages 5 and 14. Methods: Birth cohort study of 2875 individuals who were born in Brisbane between 1981 and 1984 and who were followed up at ages 5 and 1 4 years. Behavioural problems were defined as scoring above the 90th centile on Achenbach’s child behavioural checklist. Results: In cross-sectional analyses there was no association between being overweight and behavioural problems in ei ther females at age 5. At age 14 females who were overweight were more likely th an those who were normal weight to experience behavioural problems. However, the re was no association between being overweight and behavioural problems at age 1 4 among males. The prevalence of behavioural problems increased linearly across the di stribution of body mass index in females at age 14. In prospective analyses, amo ng participants who had no behavioural problems at age 5, there was no associati on between being overweight at age 5 and behavioural problems at age 14 in eithe r sex. Females who were overweight at age 5 and normal weight at age 14 had redu ced odds of behavioural problems at age 14. Conclusions: Among adolescent female s there is a positive linear association between body size and behavioural probl ems. However, no such association was found in adolescent males, or in either se x at age 5 years, and in prospective analyses being overweight at age 5 was not associated with behavioural problems in either sex at age 14.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of incising spinal pia mater to relieve pressure and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation for treatment of the dated spinal cord injury. Methods Fr...Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of incising spinal pia mater to relieve pressure and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation for treatment of the dated spinal cord injury. Methods From March, 2009 to July, 2010, 16 cases with chronic cervical cord injury underwent spinal dura mater incision and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation. Nerve functions of preand postoperation were evaluated by Frankel classification and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale. The improvement rate of JOA score at the indicated time was recorded. Results Postoperative Frankel classification rating of 16 patients improved obviously. JOA scores at the 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month after surgery were 7.9±2.3, 8.5±1.6, 8.9±2.1, and 12.4±2.5, respectively, and significantly increased compared with that prior to surgery (5.5±0.6). At the end of follow-up period, JOA score was significantly higher than that of pre-treatment (P<0.05). The recovery was relatively rapid during the first 3 months following the surgery, then entered a platform period. Conclusion It is effective for patients with dated spinal cord injury to undergo spinal decompression and laminoplasty.展开更多
With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained t...With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.展开更多
Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral ...Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater were observed by fenestration of the cranial bone and laser Doppler microcirculatory blood flow analyser. Results showed that both RA and EA could increase the volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater; and that the increase in the EA group was superior to that in RA group. This suggests that a moderate and effective stimulation is a key to the production of a regulative effect on the organism.展开更多
Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CA...Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.展开更多
In the field of dura mater repair,it is essential to employ artificial substitutes mimicking the multilayered microar-chitecture and multiple functions of native dura mater for effective neurosurgery.However,existing ...In the field of dura mater repair,it is essential to employ artificial substitutes mimicking the multilayered microar-chitecture and multiple functions of native dura mater for effective neurosurgery.However,existing artificial dura mater substitutes commonly cause complications because of mismatched structural and mechanical properties as well as the lack of antibacterial activity or osteogenic capability.In this study,a triple-layered dura mater substi-tute was fabricated by electrohydrodynamic(EHD)jetting techniques,including electrospinning and melt-based EHD printing processes.Highly aligned polycaprolactone(PCL)nanofibers loaded with gentamicin sulfate(GS)were prepared by electrospinning to form the inner layer,which can mimic the aligned collagen fibers of the native dura mater.Random PCL-GS nanofibers were then deposited by electrospinning to form the middle layer.They were intended to enhance the mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds.The outer layer involv-ing PCL microfibers doped with nano-hydroxyapatite(nHA)at various angles was printed by the melting-based EHD method,which can enhance osteogenic capability and promote the fusion between the dura mater substi-tute and the skull.The tensile strength of the triple-layered drug-loaded biomimetic dura mater substitute was 22.42±0.89 MPa,and the elongation at break was 36.43%±2.00%.The addition of GS endowed the substitutes with an anti-infection property without influencing their cytocompatibility.Furthermore,the incorporation of nHA promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the triple-layered scaffolds.This work offers a promising strategy to manufacture multilayered dura mater substitutes with the desired antibacterial and enhanced osteogenic capability performance,possibly providing a novel candidate for dural tissue repair.展开更多
文摘The dura mater is of similar embryological origin to the fascial organ. It contains several fibroblasts which make the dura mater a flexible structure. Dura mater is the outermost of the three layers of meninges, a thick and rigid inelastic membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord and that is impermeable to the cerebrospinal fluid. The cranial dura mater in certain respects differs anatomically from the dura material in the spinal cord, and it is important to classify them separately. This article reviews the anatomical structure of spinal and cranial dura mater and its anatomy with muscle, fascia, bone structure and ligaments. Dura mater is a structure in the body that is connected with systemic functions.
文摘Rare earth-containing magneto-strictive material has caught theworld attention in recent yearsbecause of its amazing performan-ces:high magnetostrictive ratio,rapid response to mechanical be-havior,high rate of energy tran-sformation,etc.,which are vitalto sonar transducers,performersand brakes which,in turn,play
文摘Aims: To examine the associations between being overweight and behavioural pro blems at ages 5 and 14. Methods: Birth cohort study of 2875 individuals who were born in Brisbane between 1981 and 1984 and who were followed up at ages 5 and 1 4 years. Behavioural problems were defined as scoring above the 90th centile on Achenbach’s child behavioural checklist. Results: In cross-sectional analyses there was no association between being overweight and behavioural problems in ei ther females at age 5. At age 14 females who were overweight were more likely th an those who were normal weight to experience behavioural problems. However, the re was no association between being overweight and behavioural problems at age 1 4 among males. The prevalence of behavioural problems increased linearly across the di stribution of body mass index in females at age 14. In prospective analyses, amo ng participants who had no behavioural problems at age 5, there was no associati on between being overweight at age 5 and behavioural problems at age 14 in eithe r sex. Females who were overweight at age 5 and normal weight at age 14 had redu ced odds of behavioural problems at age 14. Conclusions: Among adolescent female s there is a positive linear association between body size and behavioural probl ems. However, no such association was found in adolescent males, or in either se x at age 5 years, and in prospective analyses being overweight at age 5 was not associated with behavioural problems in either sex at age 14.
文摘Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of incising spinal pia mater to relieve pressure and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation for treatment of the dated spinal cord injury. Methods From March, 2009 to July, 2010, 16 cases with chronic cervical cord injury underwent spinal dura mater incision and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation. Nerve functions of preand postoperation were evaluated by Frankel classification and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale. The improvement rate of JOA score at the indicated time was recorded. Results Postoperative Frankel classification rating of 16 patients improved obviously. JOA scores at the 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month after surgery were 7.9±2.3, 8.5±1.6, 8.9±2.1, and 12.4±2.5, respectively, and significantly increased compared with that prior to surgery (5.5±0.6). At the end of follow-up period, JOA score was significantly higher than that of pre-treatment (P<0.05). The recovery was relatively rapid during the first 3 months following the surgery, then entered a platform period. Conclusion It is effective for patients with dated spinal cord injury to undergo spinal decompression and laminoplasty.
基金supported by Global Ph.D.Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2014H1A2A1020588)by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute,by a Korean Pharmacopuncture Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute(KPI-2014-010)by the grant K13290 of KIOM and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(2013R1A1A2021577)
文摘With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.
基金The study has been supported by Fund of National Administrative Bureau of TCM for the Young, Grant No. 93C025
文摘Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater were observed by fenestration of the cranial bone and laser Doppler microcirculatory blood flow analyser. Results showed that both RA and EA could increase the volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater; and that the increase in the EA group was superior to that in RA group. This suggests that a moderate and effective stimulation is a key to the production of a regulative effect on the organism.
基金financially supported by the HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project China(2022KJCXZX-LYS-9)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province China(C2021301004)the Key Research and Dvelopment Program of Hebei Province China(20326401D)。
文摘Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.
基金supported by National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0703000)OPEN Project(Grant No.BHJ17C019),National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52125501)+4 种基金Key Research Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2020GXLH-Y-021,2021GXLH-Z-028)Guangdong Basic and Ap-plied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2020B1515130002)Inno-vation Cultivation Fund of the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hos-pital(Grant No.CXPY201913)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2021M702597)Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘In the field of dura mater repair,it is essential to employ artificial substitutes mimicking the multilayered microar-chitecture and multiple functions of native dura mater for effective neurosurgery.However,existing artificial dura mater substitutes commonly cause complications because of mismatched structural and mechanical properties as well as the lack of antibacterial activity or osteogenic capability.In this study,a triple-layered dura mater substi-tute was fabricated by electrohydrodynamic(EHD)jetting techniques,including electrospinning and melt-based EHD printing processes.Highly aligned polycaprolactone(PCL)nanofibers loaded with gentamicin sulfate(GS)were prepared by electrospinning to form the inner layer,which can mimic the aligned collagen fibers of the native dura mater.Random PCL-GS nanofibers were then deposited by electrospinning to form the middle layer.They were intended to enhance the mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds.The outer layer involv-ing PCL microfibers doped with nano-hydroxyapatite(nHA)at various angles was printed by the melting-based EHD method,which can enhance osteogenic capability and promote the fusion between the dura mater substi-tute and the skull.The tensile strength of the triple-layered drug-loaded biomimetic dura mater substitute was 22.42±0.89 MPa,and the elongation at break was 36.43%±2.00%.The addition of GS endowed the substitutes with an anti-infection property without influencing their cytocompatibility.Furthermore,the incorporation of nHA promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the triple-layered scaffolds.This work offers a promising strategy to manufacture multilayered dura mater substitutes with the desired antibacterial and enhanced osteogenic capability performance,possibly providing a novel candidate for dural tissue repair.
