Architects and students of architecture today are less physically engaged with modeling and drawing representations of proposed things and increasingly rely on digital means and methods that are transforming their emb...Architects and students of architecture today are less physically engaged with modeling and drawing representations of proposed things and increasingly rely on digital means and methods that are transforming their embodied interactions with actual materials. The result is that meaning, which makes architecture so central to our cultures, is being diminished. It is being replaced by a misplaced belief that "better" buildings and architecture result from increased use of digital tools. To recapture meaning will require a new design theory for architecture that builds on material engagement theory and the critical role of resistance and sensuous reasoning in the design process, which material has historically provided.展开更多
The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storag...The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storage function of these materials to reduce downhole temperatures is an effective approach to alleviate the aforementioned problem.Paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM was prepared in the laboratory.The composition,phase change latent heat,thermal conductivity,and cemented tailing backfill (CTB) compressive strength of the new material were studied.The heat transfer characteristics and endothermic effect of the PCM were simulated using Fluent software.The results showed the following:(1) The new paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM improved the thermal conductivity of native paraffin while avoiding the water solubility of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O.(2) The calculation formula of the thermal conductivity of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O combined with paraffin was deduced,and the reasons were explained in principle.(3) The“enthalpy–mass scale model”was applied to calculate the phase change latent heat of nonreactive composite PCMs.(4)The addition of the paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM reduced the CTB strength but increased its heat absorption capacity.This research can give a theoretical foundation for the use of heat storage backfill in green mines.展开更多
X-ray computed tomography(CT)imaging plays an essential role in disease diagnosis due to its noninvasive,painless mode and superior penetration depth.However,the resolution of the soft tissue and minor lesions remains...X-ray computed tomography(CT)imaging plays an essential role in disease diagnosis due to its noninvasive,painless mode and superior penetration depth.However,the resolution of the soft tissue and minor lesions remains limited.And the disadvantages of conventional contrast agents,such as their inefficient targeting capability,poor biocompatibility,and short circulation times,are considered intractable in clinical use.To overcome these“Gordian knots,”nanoparticles(NPs)for CT imaging have been developed.The advantages of NPs are their exceptionally high sensitivity to X-ray,better imaging performance in vivos and even therapeutic effects.In particular,based on various designs,NP contrast agents composed of different materials integrate multiple imaging modalities,make up for the inadequacy of a single imaging type,and thus provide more accurate information for diagnosis.This review focuses on NPs for X-ray CT imaging and their multifunctional designs.Some perspectives of crucial problems and prospective challenges are also discussed.展开更多
文摘Architects and students of architecture today are less physically engaged with modeling and drawing representations of proposed things and increasingly rely on digital means and methods that are transforming their embodied interactions with actual materials. The result is that meaning, which makes architecture so central to our cultures, is being diminished. It is being replaced by a misplaced belief that "better" buildings and architecture result from increased use of digital tools. To recapture meaning will require a new design theory for architecture that builds on material engagement theory and the critical role of resistance and sensuous reasoning in the design process, which material has historically provided.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52174106)the Key Technology Research and Development Program (No. 2022YFC2905102)。
文摘The challenge of high temperatures in deep mining remains harmful to the health of workers and their production efficiency The addition of phase change materials (PCMs) to filling slurry and the use of the cold storage function of these materials to reduce downhole temperatures is an effective approach to alleviate the aforementioned problem.Paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM was prepared in the laboratory.The composition,phase change latent heat,thermal conductivity,and cemented tailing backfill (CTB) compressive strength of the new material were studied.The heat transfer characteristics and endothermic effect of the PCM were simulated using Fluent software.The results showed the following:(1) The new paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM improved the thermal conductivity of native paraffin while avoiding the water solubility of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O.(2) The calculation formula of the thermal conductivity of CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O combined with paraffin was deduced,and the reasons were explained in principle.(3) The“enthalpy–mass scale model”was applied to calculate the phase change latent heat of nonreactive composite PCMs.(4)The addition of the paraffin–CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O composite PCM reduced the CTB strength but increased its heat absorption capacity.This research can give a theoretical foundation for the use of heat storage backfill in green mines.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21721003 and 21635007)and the K.C.Wong Education Foundation.
文摘X-ray computed tomography(CT)imaging plays an essential role in disease diagnosis due to its noninvasive,painless mode and superior penetration depth.However,the resolution of the soft tissue and minor lesions remains limited.And the disadvantages of conventional contrast agents,such as their inefficient targeting capability,poor biocompatibility,and short circulation times,are considered intractable in clinical use.To overcome these“Gordian knots,”nanoparticles(NPs)for CT imaging have been developed.The advantages of NPs are their exceptionally high sensitivity to X-ray,better imaging performance in vivos and even therapeutic effects.In particular,based on various designs,NP contrast agents composed of different materials integrate multiple imaging modalities,make up for the inadequacy of a single imaging type,and thus provide more accurate information for diagnosis.This review focuses on NPs for X-ray CT imaging and their multifunctional designs.Some perspectives of crucial problems and prospective challenges are also discussed.
