The mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy is suitable for the study of various retinal neovascularization diseases,including retinopathy of prematurity.The maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)has been demonstrated to...The mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy is suitable for the study of various retinal neovascularization diseases,including retinopathy of prematurity.The maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)has been demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect on diabetic retinopathy.In this study,we investigated the role of MEG3 overexpression in oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice.The results showed that MEG3 overexpression effectively inhibited the production of retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice.It acts by down-regulating the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,serine/threonine kinase,and vascular endothelial growth factor and pro-inflammatory factors.MEG3 overexpression lentivirus has a future as a new method for the clinical treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,China(approval No.2016PS074K)on February 25,2016.展开更多
Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes have been shown to be associated with maternally inherited syn-dromic and non-syndromic deafness. Among those, mutations such as tRNALeu(UUR) 3243A>G associated with syndromic ...Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes have been shown to be associated with maternally inherited syn-dromic and non-syndromic deafness. Among those, mutations such as tRNALeu(UUR) 3243A>G associated with syndromic deafness are often present in heteroplasmy, and the non-syndromic deafness-associated tRNA mu-tations including tRNASer(UCN) 7445A>G are often in homoplasmy or in high levels of heteroplasmy. These tRNA mutations are the primary factors underlying the development of hearing loss. However, other tRNA mutations such as tRNAThr 15927G>A and tRNASer(UCN) 7444G>A are insufficient to produce a deafness phe-notype, but always act in synergy with the primary mitochondrial DNA mutations, and can modulate their phenotypic manifestation. These tRNA mutations may alter the structure and function of the corresponding mitochondrial tRNAs and cause failures in tRNAs metabolism. Thereby, the impairment of mitochondrial protein synthesis and subsequent defects in respiration caused by these tRNA mutations, results in mitochon-drial dysfunctions and eventually leads to the development of hearing loss. Here, we summarized the deaf-ness-associated mitochondrial tRNA mutations and discussed the pathophysiology of these mitochondrial tRNA mutations, and we hope these data will provide a foundation for the early diagnosis, management, and treatment of maternally inherited deafness.展开更多
Early-life stress has been shown to disrupt the programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which may have severe consequences in the development of neurological disorders later on in life. Prolonged ...Early-life stress has been shown to disrupt the programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which may have severe consequences in the development of neurological disorders later on in life. Prolonged early-life stressful events produce an exaggerated stress hormone response in the adult offspring. Chronic stress and elevated corticosterone levels have been found to exaggerate functional deficits and accelerate loss of dopamine producing neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of caffeine on 6-OHDA lesioned rats that were exposed to maternal separation stress. We examined behaviour of animals before and after the infusion of 6-OHDA using the step and cylinder tests. We also measured dopamine concentration in the striatum, mitochondrial membrane potential in the striatum and the total antioxidant capacity in blood plasma. Maternally separated rats displayed an impaired ability to initiate movement in the step test and a decreased percentage impaired limb use in the cylinder test. In the rats that received caffeine these motor deficits were ameliorated. Maternal separation exaggerated the lesion caused by 6-OHDA injection. However, the neuroprotective effects of caffeine were evident in both the stressed and non-stressed rats as shown by the higher dopamine concentration and total antioxidant capacity on caffeine treated rats. Maternally separated rats had higher mitochondrial membrane permeability when compared to the caffeine treated rats. We therefore conclude that caffeine ameliorated the neurodegeneration associated with 6-OHDA injection in maternally separated animals.展开更多
In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of...In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of 114 embyonated eggs divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) consisting of 25 eggs in each of groups A and B, 20 eggs in each of groups C and D and 24 eggs in group E were used in the study. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs in group A were vaccinated in-ovo with ND-I2 vaccine while the same age of embryos in group B were vaccinated with ND-LaSota. Thirteen-day-old embryonated eggs in groups C and D were vaccinated with ND-I2 and ND-LaSota respectively. Group E served as unvaccinated control. There was significant difference (p 2) used for the in-ovo vaccination were pathogenic for chick embryos, however, ND-I2 vaccine was better tolerated when administered to 18-day-old chick embryo.展开更多
To study gene control mechanisms in Xenopus embryos, we analyzed polyamines, cloned SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), a key enzyme of polyamine metabolism, and microinjected its mRNA into Xenopus fertilized ...To study gene control mechanisms in Xenopus embryos, we analyzed polyamines, cloned SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), a key enzyme of polyamine metabolism, and microinjected its mRNA into Xenopus fertilized eggs. The microinjection induced a large increase in SAMDC activity, exhaustion of the substrate SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), and execution of apoptosis at the stage called midblastula transition (MBT). By tracing GFP (green fluorescence protein)-marked apoptotic cells, we reached a conclusion that the apoptosis provides pre-blastula embryos with a fail-safe mechanism of early development. We analyzed caspase mRNAs and found that caspase-9 and -3 mRNAs are maternal mRNA and activation of caspase-9 is one of the key steps for the execution of the apoptosis. We also found that over- expression of caspase-8, and in addition p53, a tumor suppressor protein, also induces apoptosis at MBT, just like the overexpression of SAMDC and caspase-9 does. The apoptosis induced by p53 was suppressed by Xdm-2, a negative regulator of p53, and by a peptide inhibitor and a dominant-negative type mutant of caspase-9, but not by those of caspase-8. By contrast, apoptosis induced by SAMDC was suppressed by peptide inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants of both caspase-9 and caspase-8, but not by Xdm-2. Unlike caspase-9 mRNA, caspase-8 mRNA was not a maternal mRNA, but newly expressed during cleavage stage (pre-MBT stage) only in embryos overexpressed with SAMDC. In SAMDC-induced apoptotic embryos activities to process procaspase-8 and procaspase-9 appeared, whereas in p53-induced apoptotic embryos only activity to process procaspase-9 appeared. Thus, Xenopus embryos have at least two pathways to execute the maternal program of apoptosis: One induced by SAMDC overexpression through activation of caspase-9 and do novo expression of caspase-8 gene, and the other induced by p53 overexpression through activation of caspase-9 but not caspase-8. In Xenopus embryos, it has long been believed that zygotic genes are silent until MBT, but results obtained with caspase-8 may provide a novel example of gene expression before MBT.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Me...Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Methods Cell invasion,migration,and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the effects of MEG3 on the invasive and migratory capabilities of bladder cancer cells.The expression levels of E-cadherin were measured using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and dual luciferase reporter assays.RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays were performed to investigate the interactions between MEG3 and its downstream targets.Results MEG3 suppressed the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells and modulated the transcription of E-cadherin.The binding of MEG3 to the zinc finger region of the transcription factor Snail prevented its ability to transcriptionally repress E-cadherin.Additionally,MEG3 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and P38,thereby decreasing the expression of Snail and stimulating the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion MEG3 plays a vital role in suppressing the EMT in bladder cancer cells,indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.展开更多
Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which consti...Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which constitute major public health problems.In the early stages of brain development after birth,events such as synaptogenesis,neuron maturation,and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner,and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life.Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms,including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways,to appropriately process external stress.Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism;however,in adulthood,early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons,activation of immune responses,and reduction of neurotrophic factors,leading to anxiety,depression,and cognitive and memory dysfunction.This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system,including norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment.This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.展开更多
Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of ...Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT)-induced acute pancreatitis(AP)during pregnancy has rarely been described.Due to this rarity,there are no diagnostic or treatment algorithms for pregnant patients.AIM To det...BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT)-induced acute pancreatitis(AP)during pregnancy has rarely been described.Due to this rarity,there are no diagnostic or treatment algorithms for pregnant patients.AIM To determine appropriate diagnostic methods,therapeutic options,and factors related to maternal and fetal outcomes for PHPT-induced AP in pregnancy.METHODS A literature search of articles in English,Japanese,German,Spanish,and Italian was performed using PubMed(1946-2023),PubMed Central(1900-2023),and Google Scholar.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)protocol was followed.The search terms included“pancreatite acuta,”“iperparatiroidismo primario,”“gravidanza,”“travaglio,”“puerperio,”“postpartum,”“akute pankreatitis,”“primärer hyperparathyreoidismus,”“Schwangerschaft,”“Wehen,”“Wochenbett,”“pancreatitis aguda,”“hiperparatiroidismo primario,”“embarazo,”“parto,”“puerperio,”“posparto,”“acute pancreatitis,”“primary hyperparathyroidism,”“pregnancy,”“labor,”“puerperium,”and“postpartum.”Additional studies were identified by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved studies.Demographic,imaging,surgical,obstetric,and outcome data were obtained.RESULTS Fifty-four cases were collected from the 51 studies.The median maternal age was 29 years.PHPT-induced AP starts at the 20th gestational week;higher gestational weeks were seen in mothers who died(mean gestational week 28).Median values of amylase(1399,Q1-Q3=519-2072),lipase(2072,Q1-Q3=893-2804),serum calcium(3.5,Q1-Q3=3.1-3.9),and parathormone(PTH)(384,Q1-Q3=123-910)were reported.In 46 cases,adenoma was the cause of PHPT,followed by 2 cases of carcinoma and 1 case of hyperplasia.In the remaining 5 cases,the diagnosis was not reported.Neck ultrasound was positive in 34 cases,whereas sestamibi was performed in 3 cases,and neck computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 9 cases(the enlarged parathyroid gland was not localized in 3 cases).Surgery was the preferred treatment during pregnancy in 33 cases(median week of gestation 25,Q1-Q3=20-30)and postpartum in 12 cases.The timing was not reported in the remaining 9 cases,or surgery was not performed.AP was managed surgically in 11 cases and conservatively in 43(79.6%)cases.Maternal and fetal mortality was 9.3%(5 cases).Surgery was more common in deceased mothers(60.0%vs 16.3%;P=0.052),and PTH values tended to be higher in this group(910 pg/mL vs 302 pg/mL;P=0.059).Maternal mortality was higher with higher serum lipase levels and earlier delivery week.Higher calcium(4.1 mmol/L vs 3.3 mmol/L;P=0.009)and PTH(1914 pg/mL vs 302 pg/mL;P=0.003)values increased fetal/child mortality,as well as abortions(40.0%vs 0.0%;P=0.007)and complex deliveries(60.0%vs 8.2%;P=0.01).CONCLUSION If serum calcium is not tested during admission,definitive diagnosis of PHPT-induced AP in pregnancy is delayed,while early diagnosis and immediate intervention lead to excellent maternal and fetal outcomes.展开更多
Prenatal overweight/obesity(OW/OB)can alter colostrum lipid patterns,thereby affecting the lipid metabolism and even the cognitive and healthy development of infants.However,studies on changes in colostrum lipids in t...Prenatal overweight/obesity(OW/OB)can alter colostrum lipid patterns,thereby affecting the lipid metabolism and even the cognitive and healthy development of infants.However,studies on changes in colostrum lipids in the context of OW/OB are limited,particularly for glycerides and polar lipids.Therefore,this study investigated the infl uence of maternal prenatal weight on colostrum in lipid subclasses and molecular species.The concentration of triacylglycerols(TAGs)in the colostrum of the OW/OB group(35894.43 mg/L)was higher than that of the normal weight(NW)group(26639.20 mg/L),suggesting that colostrum from OW/OB mothers could provide more energy to their infants.Further analysis of the fatty acid composition of TAGs revealed that elevated maternal body weight enhanced the concentration of TAGs containing saturated or n-6 fatty acids and shortened the carbon number of TAGs.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)/arachidonic acid(AA)/choline-containing lipids,such as DHA-containing TAGs,AA/DHA-containing phosphatidylethanolamine,and choline-containing phospholipids,were present in higher levels in the colostrum of OW/OB mothers than NW mothers.However,the concentrations of palmitic acid-containing TAGs,linoleic acid-containing TAGs,dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-containing TAGs,and polar lipids and the ratio of TAGs containing n-6 fatty acid/n-3 fatty acid were signifi cantly higher in the colostrum of OW/OB mothers than in that of NW mothers.The fatty acid composition and sphingoid bases of sphingolipids were also altered due to elevated body weight.In conclusion,OW/OB affects colostrum lipids with respect to composition,concentration,and percentage.Although the colostrum of healthy OW/OB mothers can provide suffi cient DHA/AA/choline-containing lipids to their infants,normalization of body weight and fat reserves should be considered as a strategy for highquality human milk lipids.展开更多
Objective:To determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women,which is a significant cause of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in Indonesia.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study used second...Objective:To determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women,which is a significant cause of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in Indonesia.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research.Pregnant women aged 15-54 years in the second and third trimesters were eligible.The history of hypertension in pregnant women was the dependent variable.The independent variables consisted of the demographic characteristics of pregnant women including pregnancy age,gestational age,education,occupation,place of residence,and region of residence.This study used multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia.Results:.Among 6479 respondents included in this study,11(7.0%)had a history of diabetes mellitus(DM)and hypertension compared to pregnant women who did not have a history of DM(0.1%).The dominant risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia include maternal age above 35 years(OR 3.67,95%CI 2.54-5.32),third-trimester pregnancy(OR 2.40,95%CI 1.72-3.35),primigravida(OR 1.78,95%CI 1.19-2.68),excessive consumption of salty foods(OR 1.44,95%CI 1.03-2.03),and diabetes mellitus(OR 10.20,95%CI 3.04-32.23).Conclusions:Great efforts must be made to increase public awareness about the dangers of hypertension in pregnant women through early diagnosis and treatment,education on sodium intake,and appropriate care for pregnant women with DM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Following cesarean section,a significant number of women encounter moderate to severe pain.Inadequate management of acute pain post-cesarean section can have far-reaching implications,adversely impacting ma...BACKGROUND Following cesarean section,a significant number of women encounter moderate to severe pain.Inadequate management of acute pain post-cesarean section can have far-reaching implications,adversely impacting maternal emotional wellbeing,daily activities,breastfeeding,and neonatal care.It may also impede maternal organ function recovery,leading to escalated opioid usage,heightened risk of postpartum depression,and the development of chronic postoperative pain.Both the Chinese Enhanced Recovery After Surgery(ERAS)guidelines and the American ERAS Society guidelines consistently advocate for the adoption of multimodal analgesia protocols in post-cesarean section pain management.Esketamine,functioning as an antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor,has been validated for pain management in surgical patients and has exhibited effectiveness in depression treatment.Research has suggested that incorporating esketamine into postoperative pain management via pain pumps can lead to improvements in short-term depression and pain outcomes.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of administering a single dose of esketamine during cesarean section.AIM To investigate the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.METHODS A total of 315 women undergoing elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomized into three groups:low-dose esketamine(0.15 mg/kg),high-dose esketamine(0.25 mg/kg),and control(saline).Postoperative Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores were recorded at 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours.Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)scores were noted on 2 days,7 days and 42 days.Ramsay sedation scores were assessed at specified intervals post-injection.Postoperative adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS Low-dose group and high-dose group compared to control group,had significantly lower postoperative VAS pain scores at 6 hours 12 hours,and 24 hours(P<0.05),with reduced analgesic usage(P<0.05).EPDS scores and postpartum depression rates were significantly lower on 2 days and 7 days(P<0.05).No significant differences in first exhaust and defecation times were observed(P>0.05),but ambulation times were shorter(P<0.05).Ramsay scores were higher at 5 minutes,15 minutes,and upon room exit(P<0.05).Low-dose group and high-dose group had higher incidences of hallucination,lethargy,and diplopia within 2 hours(P<0.05),and with low-dose group had lower incidences of hallucination,lethargy,and diplopia than high-dose group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Esketamine enhances analgesia and postpartum recovery;a 0.15 mg/kg dose is optimal for cesarean sections,balancing efficacy with minimized adverse effects.展开更多
Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tio...Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal development.Methods:Using the comprehensive System of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and 2020.Our assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of preeclampsia.Results:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our study.The average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 years.The mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 weeks.Of the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with CHD.Within this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal BMI.Conclusion:We identified a statistically significant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of CHD.However,our analysis did not show a statistically significant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of CHD.These results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP)is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically arises in the middle and late stages of pregnancy.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),prominent metabolites of the...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP)is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically arises in the middle and late stages of pregnancy.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),prominent metabolites of the gut microbiota,have significant connections with various pregnancy complications,and some SCFAs hold potential for treating such complications.However,the metabolic profile of SCFAs in patients with ICP remains unclear.AIM To investigate the metabolic profiles and differences in SCFAs present in the maternal and cord blood of patients with ICP and determine the clinical significance of these findings.METHODS Maternal serum and cord blood samples were collected from both patients with ICP(ICP group)and normal pregnant women(NP group).Targeted metabolomics was used to assess the SCFA levels in these samples.RESULTS Significant differences in maternal SCFAs were observed between the ICP and NP groups.Most SCFAs exhibited a consistent declining trend in cord blood samples from the ICP group,mirroring the pattern seen in maternal serum.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maternal serum SCFAs and cord blood SCFAs[r(Pearson)=0.88,P=7.93e-95].In both maternal serum and cord blood,acetic and caproic acids were identified as key metabolites contributing to the differences in SCFAs between the two groups(variable importance for the projection>1).Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that multiple SCFAs in maternal blood have excellent diagnostic capabilities for ICP,with caproic acid exhibiting the highest diagnostic efficacy(area under the curve=0.97).CONCLUSION Compared with the NP group,significant alterations were observed in the SCFAs of maternal serum and cord blood in the ICP group,although they displayed distinct patterns of change.Furthermore,the SCFA levels in maternal serum and cord blood were significantly positively correlated.Notably,certain maternal serum SCFAs,specifically caproic and acetic acids,demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficiency for ICP.展开更多
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to investigate the determinants of the low proportion of pregnant women seen for first ...Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to investigate the determinants of the low proportion of pregnant women seen for first antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy at the urban medical center of Koudougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data collection from June 08 to August 18, 2021. It involved a sample of 302 participants including 280 pregnant women and 22 maternity providers. Semi-structured individual interviews, non-participant observation, and a literature review were used. Results: Pregnant women age 20 and over, knowledge of the date of their last menstrual period, and knowledge of the antenatal care calendar were associated with coming into contact (1) with Antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition, there was a lack of availability of antenatal care services, inadequate reception of clients, and shortages of health products. Conclusion: There is a need to revisit strategies for communicating with women about ANC, reorganizing ANC services, and improving ANC services.展开更多
Background: Dying in childbirth is one of the most common causes of death for women. While maternal mortality rates, defined as deaths per 100,000 live births, have been steadily dropping in most countries worldwide, ...Background: Dying in childbirth is one of the most common causes of death for women. While maternal mortality rates, defined as deaths per 100,000 live births, have been steadily dropping in most countries worldwide, maternal mortality rates have doubled in the United States in the last twenty years. This commentary examines the various contributing factors to this trend. Methods: A literature review was performed using the keywords: maternal mortality, United States, disrespectful maternity care, obstetric violence, provider perspectives, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization website. Results: Medical factors associated with maternal mortality include increased maternal age and cardiovascular conditions. Social factors include barriers to healthcare access, delays in receiving medical care, reduction in reproductive health services in some states, and non-obstetrical deaths such as accidents, domestic violence, and suicide. Racial inequities and disparities of care are reflected in higher maternal mortality rates for minorities and people of color. Disrespectful maternity care or obstetric violence has been reported worldwide as a factor in delay of lifesaving obstetrical care and reluctance by a pregnant person to access the healthcare system. About one in five US women has reported experiencing mistreatment, varying from verbal abuse to lack of privacy, from coerced procedures to neglect during childbirth. Conclusion: This commentary highlights the importance of inclusion of providers in research on respectful maternity care. Provider burnout, moral distress, limited time, and burden of clinical responsibilities are known challenges to respectful and comprehensive medical care. The association of disrespectful care with poor maternal outcomes needs to be studied. Exploring root causes of disrespectful childbirth care can empower nurses, midwives, and physicians to improve their environment and find solutions to reduce a potential cause of maternal mortality.展开更多
Introduction: The greatest effect of maternal mortality is renowned in children aged 2 - 5 months whose mothers had died. Children whose mothers died due to maternal complications were likely to record a higher mortal...Introduction: The greatest effect of maternal mortality is renowned in children aged 2 - 5 months whose mothers had died. Children whose mothers died due to maternal complications were likely to record a higher mortality in infancy compared to children of surviving mothers. Motherless children mostly suffer a lot due to lack of day-to-day care, isolation, lack of motivation as well as economic cost associated with mother’s death. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the lives of children whose mothers passed away during childbirth at the Sagnarigu Municipality. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out at the Sagnarigu Municipal. The study recruited 297 respondents. To assess the effects of maternal death on the lives of children, families that experienced maternal death were assessed. The number of pregnancies experienced by the deceased woman, pregnancy-related complaints experienced, determinants of maternal death, number of children alive, and their standard of living were assessed with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Results: The data showed that negligence, illiteracy, poor road access, poverty, ignorance, delays in recognizing the problem, delays in making appropriate decisions, delays in the health facility, delays in giving the appropriate treatments, and traditional beliefs were some of the factors that led to maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipality. Conclusion: The study concluded that determinants of maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipal included the following;negligence, illiteracy, poverty, and delays in recognizing the problem. The study findings also demonstrated that the effects of maternal death on children are diverse and cut across different areas of a child’s life including livelihood sustenance, healthcare, education, and emotional and psychological development.展开更多
Background: Eclampsia is responsible for over 50,000 maternal deaths with incidence of 1 death in about 100 - 1500 deliveries in developing nations. In sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria accounts for the highest maternal mor...Background: Eclampsia is responsible for over 50,000 maternal deaths with incidence of 1 death in about 100 - 1500 deliveries in developing nations. In sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria accounts for the highest maternal mortality ratio of 512 deaths per 100,000 live deliveries and the highest neonatal fatality of 67 per 1000 live births. Factors such young age, nulliparity, multifetal gestation, unbooked cases, preterm delivery (<32 weeks), lack of proper access to antenatal care, poor hospital care, financial constraints and inappropriate diagnosis, have all been identified as risk factors promoting eclampsia. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of eclampsia in Rivers State, Nigeria and established the correlation between social demographic factors and the feto-maternal outcomes among the eclampsia patients. Methodology: A prospective observational study using a detailed data sheet was conducted on 1244 pregnant women admitted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, for 1-year duration. Data analysis was conducted using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Demography showed that age range (20 - 24) occurred in 40.7%, nulliparous mothers were dominant with 40.7% while 70.1% of the study population had secondary level of education. 27 cases of eclampsia were diagnosed from the 1244 pregnant women, which signified 2.13% prevalence among the studied population. The feto-maternal outcome showed that out of the 27 mothers, 19 were alive (70.4%) while 8 died (29.6%), while fetal outcome showed that 16 were alive (59.3%) and 11 died (40.7%). Only parity and education showed significant correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 levels respectively with maternal outcome. Conclusion: The prevalence of eclampsia with associated poor feto-maternal outcome rates is high in this study. Its contribution to the maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities necessitates the narrative of eclampsia being a scourge, as hypertensive disease remains an obstetric dilemma in both developed and developing countries.展开更多
Introduction: Also known as maternal burnout syndrome, maternal burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion generated by prolonged stress in the family environment. It is experienced by women in th...Introduction: Also known as maternal burnout syndrome, maternal burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion generated by prolonged stress in the family environment. It is experienced by women in their role as mothers. Those affected can develop psychological disorders, sleep disturbances, etc., all of which impair their day-to-day lives, and thus their maternal role. The repercussions affect both the child and other family members. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal burnout among female users of public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all mothers using public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou. All healthy mothers with at least one biological or adoptive child fully dependent on them and living at home, who came for a consultation in one of the health facilities or for an appointment at the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and gave their free and informed consent. Sampling was done for non-exhaustive convenience were included in the study. Burnout was assessed using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale. Results: A total of 888 mothers meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The prevalence of burnout calculated using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale was 6.19%. The risk factors for maternal burnout were poor relationships with family and friends (OR = 8.90;p = 0.045), moderate (OR = 11.71;p = 0.020) and severe depression (OR = 40.85;p = 0.001), followed by the presence of repeated nocturnal awakening (OR = 5.14;p = 0.014). Conclusion: This is a subject that is almost never discussed in African society, but whose reality is revealed by the present study, which provided statistical data on maternal burnout. From now on, the risk of burnout will no longer be discussed solely in the family context. It will also need to be explored within the family unit to prevent its deleterious consequences for children and adults alike.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81600747(to YD)a grant from Liaoning Department of Education,No.QNZR2020010(to YD)a grant from 345 Talent Project of Shengjing Hospital(to YD).
文摘The mouse model of oxygen induced retinopathy is suitable for the study of various retinal neovascularization diseases,including retinopathy of prematurity.The maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)has been demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect on diabetic retinopathy.In this study,we investigated the role of MEG3 overexpression in oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice.The results showed that MEG3 overexpression effectively inhibited the production of retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice.It acts by down-regulating the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,serine/threonine kinase,and vascular endothelial growth factor and pro-inflammatory factors.MEG3 overexpression lentivirus has a future as a new method for the clinical treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,China(approval No.2016PS074K)on February 25,2016.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(81070794 and 31100903)The Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y2110399)The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M531472)
文摘Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes have been shown to be associated with maternally inherited syn-dromic and non-syndromic deafness. Among those, mutations such as tRNALeu(UUR) 3243A>G associated with syndromic deafness are often present in heteroplasmy, and the non-syndromic deafness-associated tRNA mu-tations including tRNASer(UCN) 7445A>G are often in homoplasmy or in high levels of heteroplasmy. These tRNA mutations are the primary factors underlying the development of hearing loss. However, other tRNA mutations such as tRNAThr 15927G>A and tRNASer(UCN) 7444G>A are insufficient to produce a deafness phe-notype, but always act in synergy with the primary mitochondrial DNA mutations, and can modulate their phenotypic manifestation. These tRNA mutations may alter the structure and function of the corresponding mitochondrial tRNAs and cause failures in tRNAs metabolism. Thereby, the impairment of mitochondrial protein synthesis and subsequent defects in respiration caused by these tRNA mutations, results in mitochon-drial dysfunctions and eventually leads to the development of hearing loss. Here, we summarized the deaf-ness-associated mitochondrial tRNA mutations and discussed the pathophysiology of these mitochondrial tRNA mutations, and we hope these data will provide a foundation for the early diagnosis, management, and treatment of maternally inherited deafness.
文摘Early-life stress has been shown to disrupt the programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which may have severe consequences in the development of neurological disorders later on in life. Prolonged early-life stressful events produce an exaggerated stress hormone response in the adult offspring. Chronic stress and elevated corticosterone levels have been found to exaggerate functional deficits and accelerate loss of dopamine producing neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of caffeine on 6-OHDA lesioned rats that were exposed to maternal separation stress. We examined behaviour of animals before and after the infusion of 6-OHDA using the step and cylinder tests. We also measured dopamine concentration in the striatum, mitochondrial membrane potential in the striatum and the total antioxidant capacity in blood plasma. Maternally separated rats displayed an impaired ability to initiate movement in the step test and a decreased percentage impaired limb use in the cylinder test. In the rats that received caffeine these motor deficits were ameliorated. Maternal separation exaggerated the lesion caused by 6-OHDA injection. However, the neuroprotective effects of caffeine were evident in both the stressed and non-stressed rats as shown by the higher dopamine concentration and total antioxidant capacity on caffeine treated rats. Maternally separated rats had higher mitochondrial membrane permeability when compared to the caffeine treated rats. We therefore conclude that caffeine ameliorated the neurodegeneration associated with 6-OHDA injection in maternally separated animals.
文摘In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of 114 embyonated eggs divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) consisting of 25 eggs in each of groups A and B, 20 eggs in each of groups C and D and 24 eggs in group E were used in the study. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs in group A were vaccinated in-ovo with ND-I2 vaccine while the same age of embryos in group B were vaccinated with ND-LaSota. Thirteen-day-old embryonated eggs in groups C and D were vaccinated with ND-I2 and ND-LaSota respectively. Group E served as unvaccinated control. There was significant difference (p 2) used for the in-ovo vaccination were pathogenic for chick embryos, however, ND-I2 vaccine was better tolerated when administered to 18-day-old chick embryo.
文摘To study gene control mechanisms in Xenopus embryos, we analyzed polyamines, cloned SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), a key enzyme of polyamine metabolism, and microinjected its mRNA into Xenopus fertilized eggs. The microinjection induced a large increase in SAMDC activity, exhaustion of the substrate SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), and execution of apoptosis at the stage called midblastula transition (MBT). By tracing GFP (green fluorescence protein)-marked apoptotic cells, we reached a conclusion that the apoptosis provides pre-blastula embryos with a fail-safe mechanism of early development. We analyzed caspase mRNAs and found that caspase-9 and -3 mRNAs are maternal mRNA and activation of caspase-9 is one of the key steps for the execution of the apoptosis. We also found that over- expression of caspase-8, and in addition p53, a tumor suppressor protein, also induces apoptosis at MBT, just like the overexpression of SAMDC and caspase-9 does. The apoptosis induced by p53 was suppressed by Xdm-2, a negative regulator of p53, and by a peptide inhibitor and a dominant-negative type mutant of caspase-9, but not by those of caspase-8. By contrast, apoptosis induced by SAMDC was suppressed by peptide inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants of both caspase-9 and caspase-8, but not by Xdm-2. Unlike caspase-9 mRNA, caspase-8 mRNA was not a maternal mRNA, but newly expressed during cleavage stage (pre-MBT stage) only in embryos overexpressed with SAMDC. In SAMDC-induced apoptotic embryos activities to process procaspase-8 and procaspase-9 appeared, whereas in p53-induced apoptotic embryos only activity to process procaspase-9 appeared. Thus, Xenopus embryos have at least two pathways to execute the maternal program of apoptosis: One induced by SAMDC overexpression through activation of caspase-9 and do novo expression of caspase-8 gene, and the other induced by p53 overexpression through activation of caspase-9 but not caspase-8. In Xenopus embryos, it has long been believed that zygotic genes are silent until MBT, but results obtained with caspase-8 may provide a novel example of gene expression before MBT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273443,81602234 and 81802538)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Nos.2017CFB637 and 2023AFB1041).
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Methods Cell invasion,migration,and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the effects of MEG3 on the invasive and migratory capabilities of bladder cancer cells.The expression levels of E-cadherin were measured using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and dual luciferase reporter assays.RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays were performed to investigate the interactions between MEG3 and its downstream targets.Results MEG3 suppressed the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells and modulated the transcription of E-cadherin.The binding of MEG3 to the zinc finger region of the transcription factor Snail prevented its ability to transcriptionally repress E-cadherin.Additionally,MEG3 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and P38,thereby decreasing the expression of Snail and stimulating the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion MEG3 plays a vital role in suppressing the EMT in bladder cancer cells,indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2021R1C1C100328611)Pusan National University Research Grant,2020(both to EMJ)。
文摘Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which constitute major public health problems.In the early stages of brain development after birth,events such as synaptogenesis,neuron maturation,and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner,and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life.Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms,including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways,to appropriately process external stress.Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism;however,in adulthood,early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons,activation of immune responses,and reduction of neurotrophic factors,leading to anxiety,depression,and cognitive and memory dysfunction.This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system,including norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment.This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.
基金This study was partially supported by funds from the Agricultural Research,Education,Extension and Technology Transfer(AGREETT)and MNDrive Global Food Ventures Programs,both from the University of MinnesotaPartial funding was supplied by BioZyme,Inc,St.Joseph,Missouri,USA and New Fashion Pork,Jackson,MN,USA.
文摘Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT)-induced acute pancreatitis(AP)during pregnancy has rarely been described.Due to this rarity,there are no diagnostic or treatment algorithms for pregnant patients.AIM To determine appropriate diagnostic methods,therapeutic options,and factors related to maternal and fetal outcomes for PHPT-induced AP in pregnancy.METHODS A literature search of articles in English,Japanese,German,Spanish,and Italian was performed using PubMed(1946-2023),PubMed Central(1900-2023),and Google Scholar.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)protocol was followed.The search terms included“pancreatite acuta,”“iperparatiroidismo primario,”“gravidanza,”“travaglio,”“puerperio,”“postpartum,”“akute pankreatitis,”“primärer hyperparathyreoidismus,”“Schwangerschaft,”“Wehen,”“Wochenbett,”“pancreatitis aguda,”“hiperparatiroidismo primario,”“embarazo,”“parto,”“puerperio,”“posparto,”“acute pancreatitis,”“primary hyperparathyroidism,”“pregnancy,”“labor,”“puerperium,”and“postpartum.”Additional studies were identified by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved studies.Demographic,imaging,surgical,obstetric,and outcome data were obtained.RESULTS Fifty-four cases were collected from the 51 studies.The median maternal age was 29 years.PHPT-induced AP starts at the 20th gestational week;higher gestational weeks were seen in mothers who died(mean gestational week 28).Median values of amylase(1399,Q1-Q3=519-2072),lipase(2072,Q1-Q3=893-2804),serum calcium(3.5,Q1-Q3=3.1-3.9),and parathormone(PTH)(384,Q1-Q3=123-910)were reported.In 46 cases,adenoma was the cause of PHPT,followed by 2 cases of carcinoma and 1 case of hyperplasia.In the remaining 5 cases,the diagnosis was not reported.Neck ultrasound was positive in 34 cases,whereas sestamibi was performed in 3 cases,and neck computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 9 cases(the enlarged parathyroid gland was not localized in 3 cases).Surgery was the preferred treatment during pregnancy in 33 cases(median week of gestation 25,Q1-Q3=20-30)and postpartum in 12 cases.The timing was not reported in the remaining 9 cases,or surgery was not performed.AP was managed surgically in 11 cases and conservatively in 43(79.6%)cases.Maternal and fetal mortality was 9.3%(5 cases).Surgery was more common in deceased mothers(60.0%vs 16.3%;P=0.052),and PTH values tended to be higher in this group(910 pg/mL vs 302 pg/mL;P=0.059).Maternal mortality was higher with higher serum lipase levels and earlier delivery week.Higher calcium(4.1 mmol/L vs 3.3 mmol/L;P=0.009)and PTH(1914 pg/mL vs 302 pg/mL;P=0.003)values increased fetal/child mortality,as well as abortions(40.0%vs 0.0%;P=0.007)and complex deliveries(60.0%vs 8.2%;P=0.01).CONCLUSION If serum calcium is not tested during admission,definitive diagnosis of PHPT-induced AP in pregnancy is delayed,while early diagnosis and immediate intervention lead to excellent maternal and fetal outcomes.
基金supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Project(AD20297088)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272316),and the Beijing Innovation Team of Livestock Industry Technology System(BAIC05-2022).
文摘Prenatal overweight/obesity(OW/OB)can alter colostrum lipid patterns,thereby affecting the lipid metabolism and even the cognitive and healthy development of infants.However,studies on changes in colostrum lipids in the context of OW/OB are limited,particularly for glycerides and polar lipids.Therefore,this study investigated the infl uence of maternal prenatal weight on colostrum in lipid subclasses and molecular species.The concentration of triacylglycerols(TAGs)in the colostrum of the OW/OB group(35894.43 mg/L)was higher than that of the normal weight(NW)group(26639.20 mg/L),suggesting that colostrum from OW/OB mothers could provide more energy to their infants.Further analysis of the fatty acid composition of TAGs revealed that elevated maternal body weight enhanced the concentration of TAGs containing saturated or n-6 fatty acids and shortened the carbon number of TAGs.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)/arachidonic acid(AA)/choline-containing lipids,such as DHA-containing TAGs,AA/DHA-containing phosphatidylethanolamine,and choline-containing phospholipids,were present in higher levels in the colostrum of OW/OB mothers than NW mothers.However,the concentrations of palmitic acid-containing TAGs,linoleic acid-containing TAGs,dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-containing TAGs,and polar lipids and the ratio of TAGs containing n-6 fatty acid/n-3 fatty acid were signifi cantly higher in the colostrum of OW/OB mothers than in that of NW mothers.The fatty acid composition and sphingoid bases of sphingolipids were also altered due to elevated body weight.In conclusion,OW/OB affects colostrum lipids with respect to composition,concentration,and percentage.Although the colostrum of healthy OW/OB mothers can provide suffi cient DHA/AA/choline-containing lipids to their infants,normalization of body weight and fat reserves should be considered as a strategy for highquality human milk lipids.
文摘Objective:To determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women,which is a significant cause of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in Indonesia.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research.Pregnant women aged 15-54 years in the second and third trimesters were eligible.The history of hypertension in pregnant women was the dependent variable.The independent variables consisted of the demographic characteristics of pregnant women including pregnancy age,gestational age,education,occupation,place of residence,and region of residence.This study used multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia.Results:.Among 6479 respondents included in this study,11(7.0%)had a history of diabetes mellitus(DM)and hypertension compared to pregnant women who did not have a history of DM(0.1%).The dominant risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia include maternal age above 35 years(OR 3.67,95%CI 2.54-5.32),third-trimester pregnancy(OR 2.40,95%CI 1.72-3.35),primigravida(OR 1.78,95%CI 1.19-2.68),excessive consumption of salty foods(OR 1.44,95%CI 1.03-2.03),and diabetes mellitus(OR 10.20,95%CI 3.04-32.23).Conclusions:Great efforts must be made to increase public awareness about the dangers of hypertension in pregnant women through early diagnosis and treatment,education on sodium intake,and appropriate care for pregnant women with DM.
基金the Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province,No.201460823.
文摘BACKGROUND Following cesarean section,a significant number of women encounter moderate to severe pain.Inadequate management of acute pain post-cesarean section can have far-reaching implications,adversely impacting maternal emotional wellbeing,daily activities,breastfeeding,and neonatal care.It may also impede maternal organ function recovery,leading to escalated opioid usage,heightened risk of postpartum depression,and the development of chronic postoperative pain.Both the Chinese Enhanced Recovery After Surgery(ERAS)guidelines and the American ERAS Society guidelines consistently advocate for the adoption of multimodal analgesia protocols in post-cesarean section pain management.Esketamine,functioning as an antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor,has been validated for pain management in surgical patients and has exhibited effectiveness in depression treatment.Research has suggested that incorporating esketamine into postoperative pain management via pain pumps can lead to improvements in short-term depression and pain outcomes.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of administering a single dose of esketamine during cesarean section.AIM To investigate the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.METHODS A total of 315 women undergoing elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomized into three groups:low-dose esketamine(0.15 mg/kg),high-dose esketamine(0.25 mg/kg),and control(saline).Postoperative Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores were recorded at 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours.Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)scores were noted on 2 days,7 days and 42 days.Ramsay sedation scores were assessed at specified intervals post-injection.Postoperative adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS Low-dose group and high-dose group compared to control group,had significantly lower postoperative VAS pain scores at 6 hours 12 hours,and 24 hours(P<0.05),with reduced analgesic usage(P<0.05).EPDS scores and postpartum depression rates were significantly lower on 2 days and 7 days(P<0.05).No significant differences in first exhaust and defecation times were observed(P>0.05),but ambulation times were shorter(P<0.05).Ramsay scores were higher at 5 minutes,15 minutes,and upon room exit(P<0.05).Low-dose group and high-dose group had higher incidences of hallucination,lethargy,and diplopia within 2 hours(P<0.05),and with low-dose group had lower incidences of hallucination,lethargy,and diplopia than high-dose group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Esketamine enhances analgesia and postpartum recovery;a 0.15 mg/kg dose is optimal for cesarean sections,balancing efficacy with minimized adverse effects.
基金The San Juan Bautista School of Medicine’s Institutional Review Board approved the study(EMSJBIRB-7-2021).
文摘Background:Given the pervasive issues of obesity and diabetes both in Puerto Rico and the broader United States,there is a compelling need to investigate the intricate interplay among body mass index(BMI),pregesta-tional,and gestational maternal diabetes,and their potential impact on the occurrence of congenital heart defects(CHD)during neonatal development.Methods:Using the comprehensive System of Vigilance and Surveillance of Congenital Defects in Puerto Rico,we conducted a focused analysis on neonates diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and 2020.Our assessment encompassed a range of variables,including maternal age,gestational age,BMI,pregestational diabetes,gestational diabetes,hypertension,history of abortion,and presence of preeclampsia.Results:A cohort of 673 patients was included in our study.The average maternal age was 26 years,within a range of 22 to 32 years.The mean gestational age measured 39 weeks,with a median span of 38 to 39 weeks.Of the 673 patients,274(41%)mothers gave birth to neonates diagnosed with CHD.Within this group,22 cases were linked to pre-gestational diabetes,while 202 were not;20 instances were associated with gestational diabetes,compared to 200 without;and 148 cases exhibited an overweight or obese BMI,whereas 126 displayed a normal BMI.Conclusion:We identified a statistically significant correlation between pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of CHD.However,our analysis did not show a statistically significant association between maternal BMI and the likelihood of CHD.These results may aid in developing effective strategies to prevent and manage CHD in neonates.
基金Supported by The Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2023KY1105the Traditional Chinese Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2022ZB328.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP)is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically arises in the middle and late stages of pregnancy.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),prominent metabolites of the gut microbiota,have significant connections with various pregnancy complications,and some SCFAs hold potential for treating such complications.However,the metabolic profile of SCFAs in patients with ICP remains unclear.AIM To investigate the metabolic profiles and differences in SCFAs present in the maternal and cord blood of patients with ICP and determine the clinical significance of these findings.METHODS Maternal serum and cord blood samples were collected from both patients with ICP(ICP group)and normal pregnant women(NP group).Targeted metabolomics was used to assess the SCFA levels in these samples.RESULTS Significant differences in maternal SCFAs were observed between the ICP and NP groups.Most SCFAs exhibited a consistent declining trend in cord blood samples from the ICP group,mirroring the pattern seen in maternal serum.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maternal serum SCFAs and cord blood SCFAs[r(Pearson)=0.88,P=7.93e-95].In both maternal serum and cord blood,acetic and caproic acids were identified as key metabolites contributing to the differences in SCFAs between the two groups(variable importance for the projection>1).Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that multiple SCFAs in maternal blood have excellent diagnostic capabilities for ICP,with caproic acid exhibiting the highest diagnostic efficacy(area under the curve=0.97).CONCLUSION Compared with the NP group,significant alterations were observed in the SCFAs of maternal serum and cord blood in the ICP group,although they displayed distinct patterns of change.Furthermore,the SCFA levels in maternal serum and cord blood were significantly positively correlated.Notably,certain maternal serum SCFAs,specifically caproic and acetic acids,demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficiency for ICP.
文摘Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to investigate the determinants of the low proportion of pregnant women seen for first antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy at the urban medical center of Koudougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data collection from June 08 to August 18, 2021. It involved a sample of 302 participants including 280 pregnant women and 22 maternity providers. Semi-structured individual interviews, non-participant observation, and a literature review were used. Results: Pregnant women age 20 and over, knowledge of the date of their last menstrual period, and knowledge of the antenatal care calendar were associated with coming into contact (1) with Antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition, there was a lack of availability of antenatal care services, inadequate reception of clients, and shortages of health products. Conclusion: There is a need to revisit strategies for communicating with women about ANC, reorganizing ANC services, and improving ANC services.
文摘Background: Dying in childbirth is one of the most common causes of death for women. While maternal mortality rates, defined as deaths per 100,000 live births, have been steadily dropping in most countries worldwide, maternal mortality rates have doubled in the United States in the last twenty years. This commentary examines the various contributing factors to this trend. Methods: A literature review was performed using the keywords: maternal mortality, United States, disrespectful maternity care, obstetric violence, provider perspectives, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization website. Results: Medical factors associated with maternal mortality include increased maternal age and cardiovascular conditions. Social factors include barriers to healthcare access, delays in receiving medical care, reduction in reproductive health services in some states, and non-obstetrical deaths such as accidents, domestic violence, and suicide. Racial inequities and disparities of care are reflected in higher maternal mortality rates for minorities and people of color. Disrespectful maternity care or obstetric violence has been reported worldwide as a factor in delay of lifesaving obstetrical care and reluctance by a pregnant person to access the healthcare system. About one in five US women has reported experiencing mistreatment, varying from verbal abuse to lack of privacy, from coerced procedures to neglect during childbirth. Conclusion: This commentary highlights the importance of inclusion of providers in research on respectful maternity care. Provider burnout, moral distress, limited time, and burden of clinical responsibilities are known challenges to respectful and comprehensive medical care. The association of disrespectful care with poor maternal outcomes needs to be studied. Exploring root causes of disrespectful childbirth care can empower nurses, midwives, and physicians to improve their environment and find solutions to reduce a potential cause of maternal mortality.
文摘Introduction: The greatest effect of maternal mortality is renowned in children aged 2 - 5 months whose mothers had died. Children whose mothers died due to maternal complications were likely to record a higher mortality in infancy compared to children of surviving mothers. Motherless children mostly suffer a lot due to lack of day-to-day care, isolation, lack of motivation as well as economic cost associated with mother’s death. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the lives of children whose mothers passed away during childbirth at the Sagnarigu Municipality. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out at the Sagnarigu Municipal. The study recruited 297 respondents. To assess the effects of maternal death on the lives of children, families that experienced maternal death were assessed. The number of pregnancies experienced by the deceased woman, pregnancy-related complaints experienced, determinants of maternal death, number of children alive, and their standard of living were assessed with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Results: The data showed that negligence, illiteracy, poor road access, poverty, ignorance, delays in recognizing the problem, delays in making appropriate decisions, delays in the health facility, delays in giving the appropriate treatments, and traditional beliefs were some of the factors that led to maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipality. Conclusion: The study concluded that determinants of maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipal included the following;negligence, illiteracy, poverty, and delays in recognizing the problem. The study findings also demonstrated that the effects of maternal death on children are diverse and cut across different areas of a child’s life including livelihood sustenance, healthcare, education, and emotional and psychological development.
文摘Background: Eclampsia is responsible for over 50,000 maternal deaths with incidence of 1 death in about 100 - 1500 deliveries in developing nations. In sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria accounts for the highest maternal mortality ratio of 512 deaths per 100,000 live deliveries and the highest neonatal fatality of 67 per 1000 live births. Factors such young age, nulliparity, multifetal gestation, unbooked cases, preterm delivery (<32 weeks), lack of proper access to antenatal care, poor hospital care, financial constraints and inappropriate diagnosis, have all been identified as risk factors promoting eclampsia. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of eclampsia in Rivers State, Nigeria and established the correlation between social demographic factors and the feto-maternal outcomes among the eclampsia patients. Methodology: A prospective observational study using a detailed data sheet was conducted on 1244 pregnant women admitted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, for 1-year duration. Data analysis was conducted using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Demography showed that age range (20 - 24) occurred in 40.7%, nulliparous mothers were dominant with 40.7% while 70.1% of the study population had secondary level of education. 27 cases of eclampsia were diagnosed from the 1244 pregnant women, which signified 2.13% prevalence among the studied population. The feto-maternal outcome showed that out of the 27 mothers, 19 were alive (70.4%) while 8 died (29.6%), while fetal outcome showed that 16 were alive (59.3%) and 11 died (40.7%). Only parity and education showed significant correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 levels respectively with maternal outcome. Conclusion: The prevalence of eclampsia with associated poor feto-maternal outcome rates is high in this study. Its contribution to the maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities necessitates the narrative of eclampsia being a scourge, as hypertensive disease remains an obstetric dilemma in both developed and developing countries.
文摘Introduction: Also known as maternal burnout syndrome, maternal burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion generated by prolonged stress in the family environment. It is experienced by women in their role as mothers. Those affected can develop psychological disorders, sleep disturbances, etc., all of which impair their day-to-day lives, and thus their maternal role. The repercussions affect both the child and other family members. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal burnout among female users of public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all mothers using public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou. All healthy mothers with at least one biological or adoptive child fully dependent on them and living at home, who came for a consultation in one of the health facilities or for an appointment at the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and gave their free and informed consent. Sampling was done for non-exhaustive convenience were included in the study. Burnout was assessed using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale. Results: A total of 888 mothers meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The prevalence of burnout calculated using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale was 6.19%. The risk factors for maternal burnout were poor relationships with family and friends (OR = 8.90;p = 0.045), moderate (OR = 11.71;p = 0.020) and severe depression (OR = 40.85;p = 0.001), followed by the presence of repeated nocturnal awakening (OR = 5.14;p = 0.014). Conclusion: This is a subject that is almost never discussed in African society, but whose reality is revealed by the present study, which provided statistical data on maternal burnout. From now on, the risk of burnout will no longer be discussed solely in the family context. It will also need to be explored within the family unit to prevent its deleterious consequences for children and adults alike.
