The organ-specific toxicity resulting from microplastic(MP)exposure has been extensively explored,particularly concerning the gut,liver,testis,and lung.However,under natural conditions,these effects are not restricted...The organ-specific toxicity resulting from microplastic(MP)exposure has been extensively explored,particularly concerning the gut,liver,testis,and lung.However,under natural conditions,these effects are not restricted to specific organs or tissues.Investigating whether MP exposure presents a systemic threat to an entire organism,impacting factors such as lifespan,sleep,and fecundity,is essential.In this study,we investigated the effects of dietary exposure to two different doses of MPs(1–5μm)using the terrestrial model organism Drosophila melanogaster.Results indicated that the particles caused gut damage and remained within the digestive system.Continuous MP exposure significantly shortened the lifespan of adult flies.Even short-term exposure disrupted sleep patterns,increasing the length of daytime sleep episodes.Additionally,one week of MP exposure reduced ovary size,with a trend towards decreased egg-laying in mated females.Although MPs did not penetrate the brain or ovaries,transcriptome analysis revealed altered gene expression in these tissues.In the ovary,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis indicated genotoxic effects impacting inflammation,circadian regulation,and metabolic processes,with significant impacts on extracellular structure-related pathways.In the brain,GO analysis identified changes in pathways associated with proteolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.Overall,this study provides compelling evidence of the systemic negative effects of MP exposure,highlighting the urgent need to address and mitigate environmental MP pollution.展开更多
Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid with powerful antioxidant activity.Previous studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans,and enhanc...Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid with powerful antioxidant activity.Previous studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans,and enhance telomerase activity.In present study,the metagenomics sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were employed to characterize the composition and diversity of gut microbiome in aging flies.And the alterations in the gut barrier,gut morphology,and other gut physiological indicators of aging flies were evaluated.Here,the results showed that ergothioneine induced little variations in gut microbiota composition in flies at mid-life,and significant alterations in the gut microbiota populations were only observed in flies at late-life.And ergothioneine attenuated age-related gut injuries,including decreasing reactive oxygen species levels in intestinal enterocytes,reduction of intestinal cells death,and preservation of gut integrity in aging flies.Ergothioneine also improved the gut morphology by preserving the structure and shape of cell organelles and inducing the intestinal autophagy.And activation of intestinal autophagy also contributed to the longevity effect mediated by ergothioneine in an unidentified mechanism.展开更多
Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the an...Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.[Methods]Different concentrations of ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.[Methods]Different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate were added to the culture medium,and the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the development time and weight of D.melanogaster in various life stages were statistically analyzed.[Results]High concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate delayed the time of pupation and eclosion of D.melanogaster,which made D.melanogaster lose weight.The number of male D.melanogaster in the first generation was much larger than that of female individuals,which indicated that the effect of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on male D.melanogaster was greater than that of female individuals.In a word,high concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate significantly inhibited the growth and development of D.melanogaster.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference data for the research perspective of food additives and the safe use of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate.展开更多
Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 34 species of Drosophila melanogaster species group were examined. Certain new karyotypes were described for the first time, and their evolutionary and interspecific genetic relationsh...Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 34 species of Drosophila melanogaster species group were examined. Certain new karyotypes were described for the first time, and their evolutionary and interspecific genetic relationships among 8 subgroups of D. melanogaster species group were analyzed systematically. The results were as follows. The basic karyotype of elegans subgroup was type A. The karyotypes of eugracilis subgroup, melanogaster subgroup, and ficusphila subgroup were all type C. The karyotypes of takahashii subgroup and suzukii subgroup were both type C and type D. The montium subgroup had six kinds of karyotypes types B, C, C＇, D, D＇, and E. The ananassae subgroup had three kinds of karyotypes： types F, G, and H. Thus, the melanogaster species group was classified into five pedigrees based on the diversity of these karyotypes： 1） elegans; 2） eugracilis-melanogasterficusphila; 3） takkahashii-suzukii; 4） montium; 5） ananassae. The above-mentioned results in karyotypic evolution were consistent with those of DNA sequence analysis reported by Yang except for the elegans subgroup and this subgroup was considered as the ancestral subgroup. Karyotype analysis of the same drosophila from different isofemale lines indicated that the same Drosophila from different places showed karyotypic variation which might be due to different geographical environment and evolutionary degree or interaction between the two factors.展开更多
The relationships within Drosophila melanogaster species group are controversial from morphology, chromosomes and DNA sequences. This study utilises a molecular approach aimed at uncovering the phylogenetic relationsh...The relationships within Drosophila melanogaster species group are controversial from morphology, chromosomes and DNA sequences. This study utilises a molecular approach aimed at uncovering the phylogenetic relationships among 33 taxa representing 8 subgroups of D. melanogaster species groups. Mitocondrial ND4L-ND4 was sequenced in the all 8 subgroups covering a wide geographic area. MP and Bayesian analysis produced an identical tree topology with relatively strong support in most nodes. It reveals that the melanogaster species group clustered in three main lineages：1）montium subgroup; 2） ananassae subgroup; 3） Oriental subgroups （ melanogaster, ficsphila, eugracilis, elegans, syzukii and takahashii）. The montium subgroup branched off first, followed by the ananassae subgroup. In the third lineage, melanogaster is the most divergent subgroup followed by ficsphila, eugracilis, elegans in that order. The suzukii and takahashii sister subgroups are the last to branch off.展开更多
Gene pyramiding has been successfully practiced in plant breeding for developing new breeds or lines in which favorable genes from several different lines were integrated. But it has not been used in animal breeding, ...Gene pyramiding has been successfully practiced in plant breeding for developing new breeds or lines in which favorable genes from several different lines were integrated. But it has not been used in animal breeding, and some theoretical investigation and simulation analysis with respect to its strategies, feasibility and efficiency are needed before it can be implemented in animals. In this study, we used four different pure lines of Drosophila melanogaster, each of which is homozygous at a specific mutant gene with a visible effect on phenotype, to simulate the gene pyramiding process and analyze the duration and population size required in different pyramiding strategies. We finally got the ideal individuals, which are homozygous at the four target genes simultaneously. This study demonstrates that gene pyramiding is feasible in animal breeding and the interaction between genes may affect the final results.展开更多
Drosophila melanogaster mutants with deficient kynurenine (KYN) formation from tryptophan (TRP) have longer life span than wild type flies. Administration of alpha-methyl-TRP and 5-methyl-TRY, the inhibitors of TRP-KY...Drosophila melanogaster mutants with deficient kynurenine (KYN) formation from tryptophan (TRP) have longer life span than wild type flies. Administration of alpha-methyl-TRP and 5-methyl-TRY, the inhibitors of TRP-KYN metabolism, prolonged life span in wild-type flies. Both inhibitors are not available for human use. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from berberis aristata is known as the herb widely used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. Berberin is a strong inhibitor of the enzyme catalyzing TRP conversion into KYN. Considering this particular feature we investigated the effect of berberine on life-and health-span in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. The results of our study showed that Berberine extended mean, median and maximum life span of female flies. Berberine did not affect the number of pupae of filial generation and decreased their lethality. Berberine increased locomotor activity (vertical climbing). The results of the study suggest that berberine prolongs life- and improves health-span of Drosophila melanogaster. Berberine might be a candidate drug for prevention and treatment of aging and aging-associated medical and psychiatric disorders.展开更多
In ancient China,Ganoderma lucidum was believed to be a medical fungus that could increase lifespan.Recently,pharmacologic studies have found that polysaccharide peptides and triterpenoids extracted from Ganoderma luc...In ancient China,Ganoderma lucidum was believed to be a medical fungus that could increase lifespan.Recently,pharmacologic studies have found that polysaccharide peptides and triterpenoids extracted from Ganoderma lucidum have various physiological effects as active compounds.However,the effects of spore oil isolated from Ganoderma lucidum remains unknown.In this study,the biological effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil(GLSO)were evaluated using a Drosophila melanogaster model.Compared with untreated groups,groups treated with GLSO had significantly longer average and maximum lifespan in both normal conditions and under oxidative stress.The activities of various antioxidant enzymes were measured to determine the antioxidant effect of GLSO.GLSO treatment markedly enhanced total superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity and decreased levels of malondialdehyde(MDA).Further,we found dose-dependent increases in the mRNA expression of Cu,Zn-SOD,Mn-SOD,and CAT in GLSO-treated groups.These results suggest that GLSO may effectively eliminate free radicals and extend lifespan in Drosophila.Future work should investigate the value of GLSO as a functional food for the prevention of aging in larger animal models.展开更多
Codon usage bias varies considerably among genomes and even within the genes of the same genome. In eukaryotic organisms, energy production in the form of oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） is the only process under...Codon usage bias varies considerably among genomes and even within the genes of the same genome. In eukaryotic organisms, energy production in the form of oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） is the only process under control of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Although factors affecting codon usage in a single genome have been studied, this has not occurred when both interactional genomes are involved. Consequently, we investigated whether or not other factors influence codon usage of coevolved genes. We used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Our χ^2 test on the number of codons of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in the OXPHOS system was significantly different （χ^2= 7945.16, P 〈 0.01）. A plot of effective number of codons against GC3s content of nuclear genes showed that few genes lie on the expected curve, indicating that codon usage was random. Correspondence analysis indicated a significant correlation between axis 1 and codon adaptation index （R = 0.947, P 〈 0.01） in every nuclear gene sequence. Thus, codon usage bias of nuclear genes appeared to be affected by translational selection. Correlation between axis 1 coordinates and GC content （R = 0.814, P 〈 0.01） indicated that the codon usage of nuclear genes was also affected by GC composition. Analysis of mitochondrial genes did not reveal a significant correlation between axis 1 and any parameter. Statistical analyses indicated that codon usages of both nDNA and mtDNA were subjected to context-dependent mutations.展开更多
The dynamics of genetic variation in susceptibility to insecticides within a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) at Katsunuma (Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan) was examined. Two resistance factors for t...The dynamics of genetic variation in susceptibility to insecticides within a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) at Katsunuma (Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan) was examined. Two resistance factors for three organophosphate insecticides (OPs), a resistant-type acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytochrome P450), have already been suggested to be involved within the Katsunuma population. In this study, genetic variances were estimated for susceptibility to other classes of chemicals than OPs, permethrin (a pyrethroid) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT;an organo-chlorine), which existed simultaneously with genetic variances for susceptibility to OPs. Analyses of variance for susceptibility to permethrin and DDT showed highly significant variation among isofemale lines from the Katsunuma population, and the genetic variances for susceptibility to each insecticide fluctuated differently during this period. The impacts of fluctuations of genetic variation in susceptibility to one class of insecticides on genetic variation in susceptibility to other classes of insecticides existing simultaneously within the natural population were discussed.展开更多
Phenol oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster occurs as folded phase precursors designated as prophenol oxidase A1 and A3, and prophenol oxidase is activated with alcohol, especially 2-propanol, within a few minutes as un...Phenol oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster occurs as folded phase precursors designated as prophenol oxidase A1 and A3, and prophenol oxidase is activated with alcohol, especially 2-propanol, within a few minutes as unfolded-phase in vitro. To clarify a common effect of alcohols on proteins and peptides, the extract containing prophenol oxidase protein was prepared. Phenol oxidase activity activated with 2-propanol has been maintained stable at least 24 hours remains as it is. Protein of prophenol oxidase was not denatured opposite hypnoses known as the instability of protein with alcohol. Activated prophenol oxidase with 2-propanol remain enzyme activity with no aggregation, stable, renaturation, and the refolding phenomena occurred around the active phase within the catalytic active center of prophenol oxidase protein in Drosophila melanogaster. This study is important to induce the wide range applications of the effect in many fields for rational drag design.展开更多
The effects of degraded porphyran (P1) and natural porphyran (P) on the lifespan and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster are studied. The porphyrans, added daily to the food medium at 0.2% and 1% concentrations, can s...The effects of degraded porphyran (P1) and natural porphyran (P) on the lifespan and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster are studied. The porphyrans, added daily to the food medium at 0.2% and 1% concentrations, can significantly increase the lifespan in average of 55.79 and 58.23 d in 0.2% P1 diet females and 1% P1 diet males, extending by 12.29% and 8.60% over the corresponding controls, respectively. The effects of porphyrans on D. melanogaster in heat-stress condition were also examined, and found a remarkable increase in survival time. The results which are consistently associated with the use of porphyrans are related to their free radical scavenger action. Considerable increase in vitality demonstrated that vitalities of middle-aged fly (assessed by measuring their mating capacity) was observed after porphyrans addition. Therefore, porphyrans are effective in reducing the rate of aging, and P1 in low molecular weight is better than natural P.展开更多
Indoor rearing observation and efficacy test of insecticides were conducted in 2010 to understand the biochemical characteristics of Drosophila rnelano-gaster and high efficient insecticides against the insect pest. T...Indoor rearing observation and efficacy test of insecticides were conducted in 2010 to understand the biochemical characteristics of Drosophila rnelano-gaster and high efficient insecticides against the insect pest. The results showed that D. melanogaster had preference to eight kinds of fruits with proliferation. Fe-male adults of D. melanogaster laid eggs under epidermis of cherry fruits and newly hatched larvae caused damage on fruits. When the temperatures were （ 18 ±2） ℃ and （ 23 ± 2 ） ℃, the egg stage was 2.4 - 3.0 and 1.2 - 1.8 d ; the larval stage was 11.2 - 12.2 and 5.6 - 6.5 d; the papal stage was 9.5 - 10.6 and 5.0 - 6.2 d ; one generation was 23.1 - 25.4 and 12.8 - 14.2 d, respectively. Four insecticides （ including 1% emamectin benzoate EC 3 000 times dilution, 90% crys- tal trichlorfon 1 000 times dilution, 40% phoxim EC 1 500 times dilution and 25% buprofezin WP 2 000 times dilution） had higher control effects against D. mela-nogaster, with mortalities of 85.00% - 100.00%, 96.67% - 100.00% and 100.00% after insecticide application for 1, 3 and 6 h, respectively.展开更多
Protoporphyirin-IX (PP-IX) is a precursor of the biosynthesis of the hemo group, most of the cytochromes and the chlorophylls. The PP-IX is used for medical purposes, and recently a report indicated that it exhibits a...Protoporphyirin-IX (PP-IX) is a precursor of the biosynthesis of the hemo group, most of the cytochromes and the chlorophylls. The PP-IX is used for medical purposes, and recently a report indicated that it exhibits a dual action since it can decrease or increase the genetic damage caused by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU) in somatic cells of Drosophila. PP-IX is known to be able to act as an anti-or pro-oxidant agent. The aim of the present research was to study the role of PP-IX on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, taking into account the fact that increasing levels of ROS can accelerate the aging process. The Canton-S strain (CS) was used as well as Sod and Cat which are deficient in the endogenous enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Groups of females and males were treated separately with 5 mg/ml of PP-IX solution. The comparison of survival curves indicates that this pigment extended the lifespan of CS. In contrast, Sod strain showed that the opposite effect and had no effect in Cat strain. The fact that PP-IX reduces the mean lifespan in Sod deficient strain might suggest a pro-oxidant action of PP-IX, and consequently the cumulating of ROS as a superoxide could have a mutagenic effect as was shown recently. The results presented evidence of the dual effect of PP-IX.展开更多
Five homozygous strains of Drosophila melanogaster were used as the experimental materials and treated with SPNE （ Special Plant Nutritional Element）. D. melanogaster larvae were incubated at 18 ℃ in Drosophila cul...Five homozygous strains of Drosophila melanogaster were used as the experimental materials and treated with SPNE （ Special Plant Nutritional Element）. D. melanogaster larvae were incubated at 18 ℃ in Drosophila culture medium with SPNE addition. The results showed that larva emergence, pupa emergence and adult emergence in SPNE treatment were earlier than that in control. SPNE treatment accelerated the growth and development, shortened the life cycle, significantly increased the quantity of offspring and slightly improved the weight of D. melanogaster, which confirmed that SPNE posed significant effects on D. melanogaster. This study laid foundation for the breeding of D. melanogaster and other insects and provided new materials and a new approach for broadening the application of SPNE.展开更多
DNA replication is a crucial process for species survival, nevertheless it is not clear which factors define origin selection in multicellular eukaryotes. Developmental gene amplification systems, such as the one desc...DNA replication is a crucial process for species survival, nevertheless it is not clear which factors define origin selection in multicellular eukaryotes. Developmental gene amplification systems, such as the one described during ovarian follicles development in Drosophila melanogaster, are useful tools for studying of DNA replication process in these organisms. We previously described that the well characterized third chromosome amplified domain of D. melanogater displays three intrinsically bent DNA sites: b1, localized at an amplification control element (ACE3), b2 and b3, both localized at the preferential origin ori-β. This proposal aimed to construct a Drosophila transformation vector, which contains a short deletion at the ACE3, in order to reduce the intrinsically bent DNA site b1, and analyze the functional role of this site in the gene amplification process. Through a series of cloning steps, we obtained a Big Parent vector derivative, containing a deletion at the positions 176-180 bp, inside the ACE3. The generation of a Drosophila transformation vector displays a reduced intrinsically bent DNA site in the third chromosome amplified domain, it will allow the analysis of the functional role of this curvature in developmental gene amplification, providing new insights on replication initiation in D. melanogaster and the function of intrinsically bent DNA sites.展开更多
Genetic diversity in natural populations has been explored through evolutionary analysis,and patterns of microscale biodiversity have been studied in populations at“Evolution Canyon”,Israel.A total of 2,000 eggs fro...Genetic diversity in natural populations has been explored through evolutionary analysis,and patterns of microscale biodiversity have been studied in populations at“Evolution Canyon”,Israel.A total of 2,000 eggs from each of iso-female Drosophila melanogaster line 2-1 from the north-facing slope(NFS)and line 6-1 from the south-facing slope(SFS)were placed in 20 vials and evaluated.Egg-to-adult viability was 0.89 and 0.75 in lines 2-1 and 6-1,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant by t-test.Genetic diversity was higher on the harsher SFS than on the milder NFS.Inter-slope genetic differences corroborated the effect of stochastic climate selection pressures to viability polygenes in populations at“Evolution Canyon”,Israel.展开更多
Prophenol oxidase isoform A1 was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster （The sequence has been deposited in GenBank data base under accession number AB557586） PHOX-S strain, and its characteristics and activation mec...Prophenol oxidase isoform A1 was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster （The sequence has been deposited in GenBank data base under accession number AB557586） PHOX-S strain, and its characteristics and activation mechanism were determined. The NH2-terminal region of PHOX-S A1 was determined to be comprised of 15 amino acids with the following sequence MTNMKMKMKAMMR. Comparison of an alignment in the known prophenol oxidase protein sequences from Drosophila melanogaster strains showed high homology in the copper-binding sequences at the Cu （A） site of the active center. Limited proteolysis takes place between Arg-50 and Val-51. Therefore, it is concluded that prophenol oxidase PHOX-S protein was evolved at the upstream, but no evolved at the central site in Drosophila melanogaster.展开更多
We determined the sequence of mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO1） in two Drosophila melanogaster strains originating at ＂Evolution Canyon＂, Israel. CO1 nucleotide sequences from two iso-female strains...We determined the sequence of mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO1） in two Drosophila melanogaster strains originating at ＂Evolution Canyon＂, Israel. CO1 nucleotide sequences from two iso-female strains, 2-1 and 6-1, were 1,534 and 1,543 base-pairs, respectively. In each strain, ATAA was used in initiation of translation. Exchange rates for nucleotide and amino acid sequences were larger in the 6-1 strain than in the 2-1 strain when Oregon-R was used as the standard. Non-synonymous exchange rate was larger than synonymous exchange rate among the three strains.展开更多
基金Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-CR-KP-2021-12 to L.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071009,32371063,82341248 to C.L.,31971072 and 32171154 to L.L.)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011500 to C.L.)Shenzhen Science Technology and Innovative Commission(SZSTI JCYJ20180508152336419 to L.L.and GJHZ20200731095406021 to S.J.)。
文摘The organ-specific toxicity resulting from microplastic(MP)exposure has been extensively explored,particularly concerning the gut,liver,testis,and lung.However,under natural conditions,these effects are not restricted to specific organs or tissues.Investigating whether MP exposure presents a systemic threat to an entire organism,impacting factors such as lifespan,sleep,and fecundity,is essential.In this study,we investigated the effects of dietary exposure to two different doses of MPs(1–5μm)using the terrestrial model organism Drosophila melanogaster.Results indicated that the particles caused gut damage and remained within the digestive system.Continuous MP exposure significantly shortened the lifespan of adult flies.Even short-term exposure disrupted sleep patterns,increasing the length of daytime sleep episodes.Additionally,one week of MP exposure reduced ovary size,with a trend towards decreased egg-laying in mated females.Although MPs did not penetrate the brain or ovaries,transcriptome analysis revealed altered gene expression in these tissues.In the ovary,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis indicated genotoxic effects impacting inflammation,circadian regulation,and metabolic processes,with significant impacts on extracellular structure-related pathways.In the brain,GO analysis identified changes in pathways associated with proteolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.Overall,this study provides compelling evidence of the systemic negative effects of MP exposure,highlighting the urgent need to address and mitigate environmental MP pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072646,31772373,and 32001832).
文摘Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid with powerful antioxidant activity.Previous studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans,and enhance telomerase activity.In present study,the metagenomics sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were employed to characterize the composition and diversity of gut microbiome in aging flies.And the alterations in the gut barrier,gut morphology,and other gut physiological indicators of aging flies were evaluated.Here,the results showed that ergothioneine induced little variations in gut microbiota composition in flies at mid-life,and significant alterations in the gut microbiota populations were only observed in flies at late-life.And ergothioneine attenuated age-related gut injuries,including decreasing reactive oxygen species levels in intestinal enterocytes,reduction of intestinal cells death,and preservation of gut integrity in aging flies.Ergothioneine also improved the gut morphology by preserving the structure and shape of cell organelles and inducing the intestinal autophagy.And activation of intestinal autophagy also contributed to the longevity effect mediated by ergothioneine in an unidentified mechanism.
基金supported by the open project of the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,China (GMU-2022-HJZ-06)。
文摘Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202314390006)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2024DC078)Construction Project of Biological Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center in Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.[Methods]Different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate were added to the culture medium,and the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the development time and weight of D.melanogaster in various life stages were statistically analyzed.[Results]High concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate delayed the time of pupation and eclosion of D.melanogaster,which made D.melanogaster lose weight.The number of male D.melanogaster in the first generation was much larger than that of female individuals,which indicated that the effect of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on male D.melanogaster was greater than that of female individuals.In a word,high concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate significantly inhibited the growth and development of D.melanogaster.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference data for the research perspective of food additives and the safe use of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 39930100) International Collaborative Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (No. G200610001).
文摘Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 34 species of Drosophila melanogaster species group were examined. Certain new karyotypes were described for the first time, and their evolutionary and interspecific genetic relationships among 8 subgroups of D. melanogaster species group were analyzed systematically. The results were as follows. The basic karyotype of elegans subgroup was type A. The karyotypes of eugracilis subgroup, melanogaster subgroup, and ficusphila subgroup were all type C. The karyotypes of takahashii subgroup and suzukii subgroup were both type C and type D. The montium subgroup had six kinds of karyotypes types B, C, C＇, D, D＇, and E. The ananassae subgroup had three kinds of karyotypes： types F, G, and H. Thus, the melanogaster species group was classified into five pedigrees based on the diversity of these karyotypes： 1） elegans; 2） eugracilis-melanogasterficusphila; 3） takkahashii-suzukii; 4） montium; 5） ananassae. The above-mentioned results in karyotypic evolution were consistent with those of DNA sequence analysis reported by Yang except for the elegans subgroup and this subgroup was considered as the ancestral subgroup. Karyotype analysis of the same drosophila from different isofemale lines indicated that the same Drosophila from different places showed karyotypic variation which might be due to different geographical environment and evolutionary degree or interaction between the two factors.
文摘The relationships within Drosophila melanogaster species group are controversial from morphology, chromosomes and DNA sequences. This study utilises a molecular approach aimed at uncovering the phylogenetic relationships among 33 taxa representing 8 subgroups of D. melanogaster species groups. Mitocondrial ND4L-ND4 was sequenced in the all 8 subgroups covering a wide geographic area. MP and Bayesian analysis produced an identical tree topology with relatively strong support in most nodes. It reveals that the melanogaster species group clustered in three main lineages：1）montium subgroup; 2） ananassae subgroup; 3） Oriental subgroups （ melanogaster, ficsphila, eugracilis, elegans, syzukii and takahashii）. The montium subgroup branched off first, followed by the ananassae subgroup. In the third lineage, melanogaster is the most divergent subgroup followed by ficsphila, eugracilis, elegans in that order. The suzukii and takahashii sister subgroups are the last to branch off.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Project) (No.2006AA10Z1D7)
文摘Gene pyramiding has been successfully practiced in plant breeding for developing new breeds or lines in which favorable genes from several different lines were integrated. But it has not been used in animal breeding, and some theoretical investigation and simulation analysis with respect to its strategies, feasibility and efficiency are needed before it can be implemented in animals. In this study, we used four different pure lines of Drosophila melanogaster, each of which is homozygous at a specific mutant gene with a visible effect on phenotype, to simulate the gene pyramiding process and analyze the duration and population size required in different pyramiding strategies. We finally got the ideal individuals, which are homozygous at the four target genes simultaneously. This study demonstrates that gene pyramiding is feasible in animal breeding and the interaction between genes may affect the final results.
文摘Drosophila melanogaster mutants with deficient kynurenine (KYN) formation from tryptophan (TRP) have longer life span than wild type flies. Administration of alpha-methyl-TRP and 5-methyl-TRY, the inhibitors of TRP-KYN metabolism, prolonged life span in wild-type flies. Both inhibitors are not available for human use. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from berberis aristata is known as the herb widely used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. Berberin is a strong inhibitor of the enzyme catalyzing TRP conversion into KYN. Considering this particular feature we investigated the effect of berberine on life-and health-span in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. The results of our study showed that Berberine extended mean, median and maximum life span of female flies. Berberine did not affect the number of pupae of filial generation and decreased their lethality. Berberine increased locomotor activity (vertical climbing). The results of the study suggest that berberine prolongs life- and improves health-span of Drosophila melanogaster. Berberine might be a candidate drug for prevention and treatment of aging and aging-associated medical and psychiatric disorders.
基金the Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province(No.2016B030302003)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017YFC1703104).
文摘In ancient China,Ganoderma lucidum was believed to be a medical fungus that could increase lifespan.Recently,pharmacologic studies have found that polysaccharide peptides and triterpenoids extracted from Ganoderma lucidum have various physiological effects as active compounds.However,the effects of spore oil isolated from Ganoderma lucidum remains unknown.In this study,the biological effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil(GLSO)were evaluated using a Drosophila melanogaster model.Compared with untreated groups,groups treated with GLSO had significantly longer average and maximum lifespan in both normal conditions and under oxidative stress.The activities of various antioxidant enzymes were measured to determine the antioxidant effect of GLSO.GLSO treatment markedly enhanced total superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity and decreased levels of malondialdehyde(MDA).Further,we found dose-dependent increases in the mRNA expression of Cu,Zn-SOD,Mn-SOD,and CAT in GLSO-treated groups.These results suggest that GLSO may effectively eliminate free radicals and extend lifespan in Drosophila.Future work should investigate the value of GLSO as a functional food for the prevention of aging in larger animal models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30770302 and 30570970)the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (No.2006FY110500)partially by the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (NSFC-J0630964/J0109)
文摘Codon usage bias varies considerably among genomes and even within the genes of the same genome. In eukaryotic organisms, energy production in the form of oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） is the only process under control of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Although factors affecting codon usage in a single genome have been studied, this has not occurred when both interactional genomes are involved. Consequently, we investigated whether or not other factors influence codon usage of coevolved genes. We used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Our χ^2 test on the number of codons of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in the OXPHOS system was significantly different （χ^2= 7945.16, P 〈 0.01）. A plot of effective number of codons against GC3s content of nuclear genes showed that few genes lie on the expected curve, indicating that codon usage was random. Correspondence analysis indicated a significant correlation between axis 1 and codon adaptation index （R = 0.947, P 〈 0.01） in every nuclear gene sequence. Thus, codon usage bias of nuclear genes appeared to be affected by translational selection. Correlation between axis 1 coordinates and GC content （R = 0.814, P 〈 0.01） indicated that the codon usage of nuclear genes was also affected by GC composition. Analysis of mitochondrial genes did not reveal a significant correlation between axis 1 and any parameter. Statistical analyses indicated that codon usages of both nDNA and mtDNA were subjected to context-dependent mutations.
文摘The dynamics of genetic variation in susceptibility to insecticides within a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) at Katsunuma (Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan) was examined. Two resistance factors for three organophosphate insecticides (OPs), a resistant-type acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytochrome P450), have already been suggested to be involved within the Katsunuma population. In this study, genetic variances were estimated for susceptibility to other classes of chemicals than OPs, permethrin (a pyrethroid) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT;an organo-chlorine), which existed simultaneously with genetic variances for susceptibility to OPs. Analyses of variance for susceptibility to permethrin and DDT showed highly significant variation among isofemale lines from the Katsunuma population, and the genetic variances for susceptibility to each insecticide fluctuated differently during this period. The impacts of fluctuations of genetic variation in susceptibility to one class of insecticides on genetic variation in susceptibility to other classes of insecticides existing simultaneously within the natural population were discussed.
文摘Phenol oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster occurs as folded phase precursors designated as prophenol oxidase A1 and A3, and prophenol oxidase is activated with alcohol, especially 2-propanol, within a few minutes as unfolded-phase in vitro. To clarify a common effect of alcohols on proteins and peptides, the extract containing prophenol oxidase protein was prepared. Phenol oxidase activity activated with 2-propanol has been maintained stable at least 24 hours remains as it is. Protein of prophenol oxidase was not denatured opposite hypnoses known as the instability of protein with alcohol. Activated prophenol oxidase with 2-propanol remain enzyme activity with no aggregation, stable, renaturation, and the refolding phenomena occurred around the active phase within the catalytic active center of prophenol oxidase protein in Drosophila melanogaster. This study is important to induce the wide range applications of the effect in many fields for rational drag design.
基金the Innovative Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX-YW-209).
文摘The effects of degraded porphyran (P1) and natural porphyran (P) on the lifespan and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster are studied. The porphyrans, added daily to the food medium at 0.2% and 1% concentrations, can significantly increase the lifespan in average of 55.79 and 58.23 d in 0.2% P1 diet females and 1% P1 diet males, extending by 12.29% and 8.60% over the corresponding controls, respectively. The effects of porphyrans on D. melanogaster in heat-stress condition were also examined, and found a remarkable increase in survival time. The results which are consistently associated with the use of porphyrans are related to their free radical scavenger action. Considerable increase in vitality demonstrated that vitalities of middle-aged fly (assessed by measuring their mating capacity) was observed after porphyrans addition. Therefore, porphyrans are effective in reducing the rate of aging, and P1 in low molecular weight is better than natural P.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guiyang City "Research and Demonstration of Key Technology for Characteristic Fruit Industry in Guiyang City" (ZKNZ[2007]17)
文摘Indoor rearing observation and efficacy test of insecticides were conducted in 2010 to understand the biochemical characteristics of Drosophila rnelano-gaster and high efficient insecticides against the insect pest. The results showed that D. melanogaster had preference to eight kinds of fruits with proliferation. Fe-male adults of D. melanogaster laid eggs under epidermis of cherry fruits and newly hatched larvae caused damage on fruits. When the temperatures were （ 18 ±2） ℃ and （ 23 ± 2 ） ℃, the egg stage was 2.4 - 3.0 and 1.2 - 1.8 d ; the larval stage was 11.2 - 12.2 and 5.6 - 6.5 d; the papal stage was 9.5 - 10.6 and 5.0 - 6.2 d ; one generation was 23.1 - 25.4 and 12.8 - 14.2 d, respectively. Four insecticides （ including 1% emamectin benzoate EC 3 000 times dilution, 90% crys- tal trichlorfon 1 000 times dilution, 40% phoxim EC 1 500 times dilution and 25% buprofezin WP 2 000 times dilution） had higher control effects against D. mela-nogaster, with mortalities of 85.00% - 100.00%, 96.67% - 100.00% and 100.00% after insecticide application for 1, 3 and 6 h, respectively.
文摘Protoporphyirin-IX (PP-IX) is a precursor of the biosynthesis of the hemo group, most of the cytochromes and the chlorophylls. The PP-IX is used for medical purposes, and recently a report indicated that it exhibits a dual action since it can decrease or increase the genetic damage caused by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU) in somatic cells of Drosophila. PP-IX is known to be able to act as an anti-or pro-oxidant agent. The aim of the present research was to study the role of PP-IX on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, taking into account the fact that increasing levels of ROS can accelerate the aging process. The Canton-S strain (CS) was used as well as Sod and Cat which are deficient in the endogenous enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Groups of females and males were treated separately with 5 mg/ml of PP-IX solution. The comparison of survival curves indicates that this pigment extended the lifespan of CS. In contrast, Sod strain showed that the opposite effect and had no effect in Cat strain. The fact that PP-IX reduces the mean lifespan in Sod deficient strain might suggest a pro-oxidant action of PP-IX, and consequently the cumulating of ROS as a superoxide could have a mutagenic effect as was shown recently. The results presented evidence of the dual effect of PP-IX.
基金Supported by Project of Economic and Social Services of Guangzhou University
文摘Five homozygous strains of Drosophila melanogaster were used as the experimental materials and treated with SPNE （ Special Plant Nutritional Element）. D. melanogaster larvae were incubated at 18 ℃ in Drosophila culture medium with SPNE addition. The results showed that larva emergence, pupa emergence and adult emergence in SPNE treatment were earlier than that in control. SPNE treatment accelerated the growth and development, shortened the life cycle, significantly increased the quantity of offspring and slightly improved the weight of D. melanogaster, which confirmed that SPNE posed significant effects on D. melanogaster. This study laid foundation for the breeding of D. melanogaster and other insects and provided new materials and a new approach for broadening the application of SPNE.
文摘DNA replication is a crucial process for species survival, nevertheless it is not clear which factors define origin selection in multicellular eukaryotes. Developmental gene amplification systems, such as the one described during ovarian follicles development in Drosophila melanogaster, are useful tools for studying of DNA replication process in these organisms. We previously described that the well characterized third chromosome amplified domain of D. melanogater displays three intrinsically bent DNA sites: b1, localized at an amplification control element (ACE3), b2 and b3, both localized at the preferential origin ori-β. This proposal aimed to construct a Drosophila transformation vector, which contains a short deletion at the ACE3, in order to reduce the intrinsically bent DNA site b1, and analyze the functional role of this site in the gene amplification process. Through a series of cloning steps, we obtained a Big Parent vector derivative, containing a deletion at the positions 176-180 bp, inside the ACE3. The generation of a Drosophila transformation vector displays a reduced intrinsically bent DNA site in the third chromosome amplified domain, it will allow the analysis of the functional role of this curvature in developmental gene amplification, providing new insights on replication initiation in D. melanogaster and the function of intrinsically bent DNA sites.
文摘Genetic diversity in natural populations has been explored through evolutionary analysis,and patterns of microscale biodiversity have been studied in populations at“Evolution Canyon”,Israel.A total of 2,000 eggs from each of iso-female Drosophila melanogaster line 2-1 from the north-facing slope(NFS)and line 6-1 from the south-facing slope(SFS)were placed in 20 vials and evaluated.Egg-to-adult viability was 0.89 and 0.75 in lines 2-1 and 6-1,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant by t-test.Genetic diversity was higher on the harsher SFS than on the milder NFS.Inter-slope genetic differences corroborated the effect of stochastic climate selection pressures to viability polygenes in populations at“Evolution Canyon”,Israel.
文摘Prophenol oxidase isoform A1 was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster （The sequence has been deposited in GenBank data base under accession number AB557586） PHOX-S strain, and its characteristics and activation mechanism were determined. The NH2-terminal region of PHOX-S A1 was determined to be comprised of 15 amino acids with the following sequence MTNMKMKMKAMMR. Comparison of an alignment in the known prophenol oxidase protein sequences from Drosophila melanogaster strains showed high homology in the copper-binding sequences at the Cu （A） site of the active center. Limited proteolysis takes place between Arg-50 and Val-51. Therefore, it is concluded that prophenol oxidase PHOX-S protein was evolved at the upstream, but no evolved at the central site in Drosophila melanogaster.
文摘We determined the sequence of mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO1） in two Drosophila melanogaster strains originating at ＂Evolution Canyon＂, Israel. CO1 nucleotide sequences from two iso-female strains, 2-1 and 6-1, were 1,534 and 1,543 base-pairs, respectively. In each strain, ATAA was used in initiation of translation. Exchange rates for nucleotide and amino acid sequences were larger in the 6-1 strain than in the 2-1 strain when Oregon-R was used as the standard. Non-synonymous exchange rate was larger than synonymous exchange rate among the three strains.
