Objective:To explore the anti-melanogenic potential of Cyrtomium falcatum.Methods:The effects of Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions on tyrosinase activity,melanin content,and the expressions of...Objective:To explore the anti-melanogenic potential of Cyrtomium falcatum.Methods:The effects of Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions on tyrosinase activity,melanin content,and the expressions of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins were analyzed inα-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells.Results:α-MSH treatment significantly increased tyrosinase activity,and extracellular and intracellular melanin content,as well as the expression levels of tyrosinase,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF),tyrosinase-related protein(TRP)-1,and TRP-2 in B16F10 cells.Treatment with Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions reduced tyrosinase activity and extracellular and intracellular melanin content and downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase,MITF,TRP-1,and TRP-2 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:Cyrtomium falcatum has potential anti-melanogenesis effects and can be used as a potential source material in cosmeceutical industry for the research and development of novel lead molecules with whitening properties.展开更多
Src regulates cell adhesion, invasiveness, motility and growth in cancer cells. In melanoma, accumulating data show that Src inhibition can be effective and may enhance the effects of other agents. Increased Src expre...Src regulates cell adhesion, invasiveness, motility and growth in cancer cells. In melanoma, accumulating data show that Src inhibition can be effective and may enhance the effects of other agents. Increased Src expression and activity thus has recently become a target for drug therapy. Several melanoma cell lines were exposed to inhibitors of Src activity despite their broad specificity. To examine the particular activity of Src in human melanoma cells, we used SU6656, the selective inhibitor of Src family protein kinases. The activity of Src and cell proliferation were suppressed in HBL human cells, wild type melanoma cells and in SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cells harboring mutant BRAF V600E, upon their treatment with SU6656. The suppression of Src kinase activity had not inhibitory effects on Akt/PKB activity in SK-MEL-5 cells, which we have previously found in HBL cells. This may indicate that changes of Src involvement in the control of Akt/PKB activity and its downstream signaling could be induced by BRAF V600E mutation in SK-MEL-5 cells.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of luteolin on apoptosis,the cell cycle,and the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human choroidal melanoma cells(C918 and OCM-1).METHODS:C918 and OCM...AIM:To investigate the effects of luteolin on apoptosis,the cell cycle,and the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human choroidal melanoma cells(C918 and OCM-1).METHODS:C918 and OCM-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with various concentrations of luteolin(0,5,10,15μmol/L).Cell growth was observed with an inverted microscope,and cell cycle arrest was detected by propidium iodide(PI)staining using flow cytometry.Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining,and apoptosis rate was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI experiments using flow cytometry.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2,Bax and VEGF was analyzed using Western blots.The levels of VEGF secreted by the cells into the supernatant was analyzed using ELISA.RESULTS:After treating with 5 to 15μmol/L luteolin for 48 h,the fusion degree of C918 and OCM-1 cells decreased,and more floating apoptotic cells appeared.Luteolin treatment increased the G0-G1 phase ratio of the C918 and OCM-1 cells,blocked cell cycle progression,and increased the apoptosis rate of the C918 and OCM-1 cells.Western blot showed that luteolin decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in the C918 and OCM-1 cells and increased the expression of Bax protein.The ELISA results showed that 10 to 15μmol/L luteolin decreased the cell secretion of VEGF.CONCLUSION:Luteolin may induce apoptosis by regulating the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in C918 and OCM-1 cells.Luteolin can induce cell cycle arrest,decrease the expression of VEGF.展开更多
Human Nestin(hNestin) has been found to express in melanoma, and its expression is positively correlated with the advanced stage of melanoma. However, the precise role of hNestin in the development of melanoma has not...Human Nestin(hNestin) has been found to express in melanoma, and its expression is positively correlated with the advanced stage of melanoma. However, the precise role of hNestin in the development of melanoma has not been fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the role of hNestin in the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. The lentivirus vector carrying a short hairpin RNAs(shRNAs) targeting hNestin(hNestin-sh RNA-LV) was stably infected into human melanoma cells UACC903, which expressed high levels of hNestin. The effects of hNestin knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration of melanoma cells and the related signaling pathways were investigated by immunofluorence, Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that hNestin was expressed in most melanoma specimens and the melanoma cells studied. Knockdown of hNestin expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells, blocked the formation of cell colony, arrested cell cycle at G1/S stage and suppressed the activation of Akt and GSK3β. hNestin-silent cells also showed a sheet-like appearance with tight cell-cell adhesion, decreased membrane expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin, and attenuated migration. Furthermore, hNestin silence resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Our study indicates that hNestin knockdown suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells, which might be through affecting Akt-GSK3β-Rb pathway-mediated G1/S arrest, and hNestin silence inhibits the migration by selectively modulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.展开更多
Vitiligo results in an autoimmune disorder destructing skin pigment cells,melanocytes(Mcs).This study aimed to investigate whether Astragaloside IV(AIV)could efficiently induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchym...Vitiligo results in an autoimmune disorder destructing skin pigment cells,melanocytes(Mcs).This study aimed to investigate whether Astragaloside IV(AIV)could efficiently induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)into Mcs.BMMSCs were induced and differentiated into Mcs with 0.1,0.2,and 0.4 mg/L AIV during 150-day.Morphologic changes of differentiated cells were observed.Levels of some melanocytic specific genes(TRP-1,TRP-2,MART-1,Mitf)were measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)at 90,120,and 150 days of induction.After 90-day induction,the differentiated cells with 0.4 mg/L AIV demonstrated the typical morphology of Mcs,positive 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine staining,and positive staining of TRP-1,TRP-2,MART-1,and Mitf.After 90-and 120-days’induction with 0.4 mg/L AIV,TRP-1 expression was significantly elevated(p<0.01),and TRP-2 expression was significantly increased in 0.4 mg/L AIV-treated group compared to negative control(p<0.01),0.1 mg/L(p<0.01),and 0.2 mg/L(p<0.01)AIV-treated groups.Moreover,MART-1 expression was significantly up-regulated in 0.4 mg/L AIV-treated group compared to negative control,but without difference compared to 0.1 mg/L(p>0.05)and 0.2 mg/L(p>0.05)AIV-treated groups.During 90 to 150-day induction,there were no significant differences for Mitf levels between AIV-treated groups and negative control(p>0.05).In conclusion,90-day induction with 0.4 mg/L AIV up-regulated TRP-1,TRP-2,and MART-1 expression,indicating that AIV can efficiently induce Mcs differentiation from BMMSCs.These results provide experimental and theoretic evidence for AIV application in clinical vitiligo repigmentation treatment.展开更多
RU-486 is an abortifacient which is used to terminate early pregnancy. It acts by blocking progesterone receptor. In our earlier study with progesterone, RU-486 was used as a progesterone receptor antagonist to find o...RU-486 is an abortifacient which is used to terminate early pregnancy. It acts by blocking progesterone receptor. In our earlier study with progesterone, RU-486 was used as a progesterone receptor antagonist to find out the mechanism of progesterone action on melanoma cells. Results indicated that the effect of progesterone was not mediated through progesterone receptor. In the course of experiments, it was observed that RU-486 by itself inhibited mouse melanoma cell growth. Further research work with RU-486 showed a dose dependent inhibition of human melanoma cell growth. The mechanism of inhibition of cell growth was due to apoptosis and this effect of RU-486 was neither mediated through progesterone receptor nor glucocorticoid receptor. This in-vitro study suggested that melanoma also could be a target for RU-486 action, apart from breast, ovary and prostate cancers.展开更多
Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract fr...Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract from PFS with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>). In a cell culture system, B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and other samples. The PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract decreased melanin production by approximately 90% in B16 mouse melanoma cells without cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. This effect was greater than that of the well-known melanogenesis inhibitor, kojic acid. Although a hexane-extracted PFS oil and a squeezed PFS oil also decreased melanin production in the B16 cells, the inhibitory effect of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract was higher than both of these. Chemical analysis of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and squeezed PFS oil showed that almost 90% of the components of both oils were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of those three fatty acids across both samples was almost the same. When the three fatty acids were mixed in the same ratio as in the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the mixture for melanin production in B16 melanoma cells was identical to that of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract. However, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the squeezed PFS oil was approximately 6.6 times higher than that of the mixture. Although those fatty acids are the main inhibitory ingredients against melanin production in all of the extracts, some factor(s) in the squeezed PFS reduce their affinity with the cells. These results indicated that the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract could be a superior melanogenesis inhibitor. Although its main ingredients are probably the same as those of the squeezed PFS oil, it is necessary to extract with scCO<sub>2</sub> for stronger anti-melanogenesis activity.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of celecoxib,synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylicacid(CD437)and the combination of the two on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cycl...This study aimed to investigate the effects of celecoxib,synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylicacid(CD437)and the combination of the two on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cycle arrest of human malignant mela-noma A375 cells.3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazoliumbromide assay(MTT assay)was applied to determine the anti-proliferative effects of the drugs on human malignant melanoma A375 cells.Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the influence of the drugs on cell cycle and cell apoptosis.Both celecoxib and CD437 could inhibit the growth of human malignant melanoma A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Celecoxib at 80μmol/L inhibited proliferation,induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest of human malignant melanoma A375 cells after treatment for 24 h[proliferation inhibiting rate:(50.2±2.51)%,apoptosis rate:(35.91±1.80)%].CD437 at 10μmol/L inhibited proliferation,induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of human malignant melanoma A375 cells after treatment for 24 h[proliferation inhibiting rate:(58.6±2.38)%,apoptosis rate:(28.03±0.77)%].Celecoxib in combination with CD437 could significantly enhance the effects of inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human malignant melanoma A375 cells 24 h after treatment compared with the drug alone[proliferation inhibiting rate:(68.92±1.72)%,apop-tosis rate:(42.09±1.05)%,both P<0.05]and decrease the proportion of the S phase in the cell cycle.Celecoxib could inhibit the growth of human malignant melanoma A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest.CD437 could inhibit the growth of human malignant melanoma A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cycle arrest.Celecoxib exhibited additive effects with CD437 on retarding the growth and inducing apoptosis of human malignant melanoma A375 cells.Celecoxib in combination with CD437 may become an effective method for prevention and treatment of human melanoma.展开更多
2-Hydroxytyrosol(2-HT),originally reported as a synthetic compound,was isolated for the first time as a fungal metabolite.2-HT was found to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase with an IC_(50) value of 13.0 mmol/L.Furthermore,...2-Hydroxytyrosol(2-HT),originally reported as a synthetic compound,was isolated for the first time as a fungal metabolite.2-HT was found to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase with an IC_(50) value of 13.0 mmol/L.Furthermore,2-HT dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity(IC_(50),32.5 mmol/L)in the cell-free extract of B16 melanoma cells andα-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)-stimulated melanin formation in intact B16 melanoma cells.展开更多
Imaging the intrinsic optical absorption properties of nanomaterials with optical microscopy(OM)is hindered by the optical diffraction limit and intrinsically poor sensitivity.Thus,expensive and destructive electron m...Imaging the intrinsic optical absorption properties of nanomaterials with optical microscopy(OM)is hindered by the optical diffraction limit and intrinsically poor sensitivity.Thus,expensive and destructive electron microscopy(EM)has been commonly used to examine the morphologies of nanostructures.Further,while nanoscale fluorescence OM has become crucial for investigating the morphologies and functions of intracellular specimens,this modality is not suitable for imaging optical absorption and requires the use of possibly undesirable exogenous fluorescent molecules for biological samples.Here we demonstrate super-resolution visible photoactivated atomic force microscopy(pAFM),which can sense intrinsic optical absorption with~8 nm resolution.Thus,the resolution can be improved down to~8 nm.This system can detect not only the first harmonic response,but also the higher harmonic response using the nonlinear effect.The thermoelastic effects induced by pulsed laser irradiation allow us to obtain visible pAFM images of single gold nanospheres,various nanowires,and biological cells,all with nanoscale resolution.Unlike expensive EM,the visible pAFM system can be simply implemented by adding an optical excitation sub-system to a commercial atomic force microscope.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2023R1A2C1006268 and RS-2023-00212560).
文摘Objective:To explore the anti-melanogenic potential of Cyrtomium falcatum.Methods:The effects of Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions on tyrosinase activity,melanin content,and the expressions of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins were analyzed inα-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells.Results:α-MSH treatment significantly increased tyrosinase activity,and extracellular and intracellular melanin content,as well as the expression levels of tyrosinase,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF),tyrosinase-related protein(TRP)-1,and TRP-2 in B16F10 cells.Treatment with Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions reduced tyrosinase activity and extracellular and intracellular melanin content and downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase,MITF,TRP-1,and TRP-2 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:Cyrtomium falcatum has potential anti-melanogenesis effects and can be used as a potential source material in cosmeceutical industry for the research and development of novel lead molecules with whitening properties.
基金supported by grant NT11231-3/2010 from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
文摘Src regulates cell adhesion, invasiveness, motility and growth in cancer cells. In melanoma, accumulating data show that Src inhibition can be effective and may enhance the effects of other agents. Increased Src expression and activity thus has recently become a target for drug therapy. Several melanoma cell lines were exposed to inhibitors of Src activity despite their broad specificity. To examine the particular activity of Src in human melanoma cells, we used SU6656, the selective inhibitor of Src family protein kinases. The activity of Src and cell proliferation were suppressed in HBL human cells, wild type melanoma cells and in SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cells harboring mutant BRAF V600E, upon their treatment with SU6656. The suppression of Src kinase activity had not inhibitory effects on Akt/PKB activity in SK-MEL-5 cells, which we have previously found in HBL cells. This may indicate that changes of Src involvement in the control of Akt/PKB activity and its downstream signaling could be induced by BRAF V600E mutation in SK-MEL-5 cells.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of luteolin on apoptosis,the cell cycle,and the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human choroidal melanoma cells(C918 and OCM-1).METHODS:C918 and OCM-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with various concentrations of luteolin(0,5,10,15μmol/L).Cell growth was observed with an inverted microscope,and cell cycle arrest was detected by propidium iodide(PI)staining using flow cytometry.Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining,and apoptosis rate was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI experiments using flow cytometry.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2,Bax and VEGF was analyzed using Western blots.The levels of VEGF secreted by the cells into the supernatant was analyzed using ELISA.RESULTS:After treating with 5 to 15μmol/L luteolin for 48 h,the fusion degree of C918 and OCM-1 cells decreased,and more floating apoptotic cells appeared.Luteolin treatment increased the G0-G1 phase ratio of the C918 and OCM-1 cells,blocked cell cycle progression,and increased the apoptosis rate of the C918 and OCM-1 cells.Western blot showed that luteolin decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in the C918 and OCM-1 cells and increased the expression of Bax protein.The ELISA results showed that 10 to 15μmol/L luteolin decreased the cell secretion of VEGF.CONCLUSION:Luteolin may induce apoptosis by regulating the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in C918 and OCM-1 cells.Luteolin can induce cell cycle arrest,decrease the expression of VEGF.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30900729,No.81000177,No.81774099 and No.81173577)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.8451008901000380)
文摘Human Nestin(hNestin) has been found to express in melanoma, and its expression is positively correlated with the advanced stage of melanoma. However, the precise role of hNestin in the development of melanoma has not been fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the role of hNestin in the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. The lentivirus vector carrying a short hairpin RNAs(shRNAs) targeting hNestin(hNestin-sh RNA-LV) was stably infected into human melanoma cells UACC903, which expressed high levels of hNestin. The effects of hNestin knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration of melanoma cells and the related signaling pathways were investigated by immunofluorence, Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that hNestin was expressed in most melanoma specimens and the melanoma cells studied. Knockdown of hNestin expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells, blocked the formation of cell colony, arrested cell cycle at G1/S stage and suppressed the activation of Akt and GSK3β. hNestin-silent cells also showed a sheet-like appearance with tight cell-cell adhesion, decreased membrane expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin, and attenuated migration. Furthermore, hNestin silence resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Our study indicates that hNestin knockdown suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells, which might be through affecting Akt-GSK3β-Rb pathway-mediated G1/S arrest, and hNestin silence inhibits the migration by selectively modulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81703140).
文摘Vitiligo results in an autoimmune disorder destructing skin pigment cells,melanocytes(Mcs).This study aimed to investigate whether Astragaloside IV(AIV)could efficiently induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)into Mcs.BMMSCs were induced and differentiated into Mcs with 0.1,0.2,and 0.4 mg/L AIV during 150-day.Morphologic changes of differentiated cells were observed.Levels of some melanocytic specific genes(TRP-1,TRP-2,MART-1,Mitf)were measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)at 90,120,and 150 days of induction.After 90-day induction,the differentiated cells with 0.4 mg/L AIV demonstrated the typical morphology of Mcs,positive 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine staining,and positive staining of TRP-1,TRP-2,MART-1,and Mitf.After 90-and 120-days’induction with 0.4 mg/L AIV,TRP-1 expression was significantly elevated(p<0.01),and TRP-2 expression was significantly increased in 0.4 mg/L AIV-treated group compared to negative control(p<0.01),0.1 mg/L(p<0.01),and 0.2 mg/L(p<0.01)AIV-treated groups.Moreover,MART-1 expression was significantly up-regulated in 0.4 mg/L AIV-treated group compared to negative control,but without difference compared to 0.1 mg/L(p>0.05)and 0.2 mg/L(p>0.05)AIV-treated groups.During 90 to 150-day induction,there were no significant differences for Mitf levels between AIV-treated groups and negative control(p>0.05).In conclusion,90-day induction with 0.4 mg/L AIV up-regulated TRP-1,TRP-2,and MART-1 expression,indicating that AIV can efficiently induce Mcs differentiation from BMMSCs.These results provide experimental and theoretic evidence for AIV application in clinical vitiligo repigmentation treatment.
文摘RU-486 is an abortifacient which is used to terminate early pregnancy. It acts by blocking progesterone receptor. In our earlier study with progesterone, RU-486 was used as a progesterone receptor antagonist to find out the mechanism of progesterone action on melanoma cells. Results indicated that the effect of progesterone was not mediated through progesterone receptor. In the course of experiments, it was observed that RU-486 by itself inhibited mouse melanoma cell growth. Further research work with RU-486 showed a dose dependent inhibition of human melanoma cell growth. The mechanism of inhibition of cell growth was due to apoptosis and this effect of RU-486 was neither mediated through progesterone receptor nor glucocorticoid receptor. This in-vitro study suggested that melanoma also could be a target for RU-486 action, apart from breast, ovary and prostate cancers.
文摘Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract from PFS with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>). In a cell culture system, B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and other samples. The PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract decreased melanin production by approximately 90% in B16 mouse melanoma cells without cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. This effect was greater than that of the well-known melanogenesis inhibitor, kojic acid. Although a hexane-extracted PFS oil and a squeezed PFS oil also decreased melanin production in the B16 cells, the inhibitory effect of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract was higher than both of these. Chemical analysis of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract and squeezed PFS oil showed that almost 90% of the components of both oils were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of those three fatty acids across both samples was almost the same. When the three fatty acids were mixed in the same ratio as in the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the mixture for melanin production in B16 melanoma cells was identical to that of the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract. However, the IC<sub>50</sub> of the squeezed PFS oil was approximately 6.6 times higher than that of the mixture. Although those fatty acids are the main inhibitory ingredients against melanin production in all of the extracts, some factor(s) in the squeezed PFS reduce their affinity with the cells. These results indicated that the PFS scCO<sub>2</sub> extract could be a superior melanogenesis inhibitor. Although its main ingredients are probably the same as those of the squeezed PFS oil, it is necessary to extract with scCO<sub>2</sub> for stronger anti-melanogenesis activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30371295).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of celecoxib,synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylicacid(CD437)and the combination of the two on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cycle arrest of human malignant mela-noma A375 cells.3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazoliumbromide assay(MTT assay)was applied to determine the anti-proliferative effects of the drugs on human malignant melanoma A375 cells.Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the influence of the drugs on cell cycle and cell apoptosis.Both celecoxib and CD437 could inhibit the growth of human malignant melanoma A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Celecoxib at 80μmol/L inhibited proliferation,induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest of human malignant melanoma A375 cells after treatment for 24 h[proliferation inhibiting rate:(50.2±2.51)%,apoptosis rate:(35.91±1.80)%].CD437 at 10μmol/L inhibited proliferation,induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of human malignant melanoma A375 cells after treatment for 24 h[proliferation inhibiting rate:(58.6±2.38)%,apoptosis rate:(28.03±0.77)%].Celecoxib in combination with CD437 could significantly enhance the effects of inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human malignant melanoma A375 cells 24 h after treatment compared with the drug alone[proliferation inhibiting rate:(68.92±1.72)%,apop-tosis rate:(42.09±1.05)%,both P<0.05]and decrease the proportion of the S phase in the cell cycle.Celecoxib could inhibit the growth of human malignant melanoma A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest.CD437 could inhibit the growth of human malignant melanoma A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cycle arrest.Celecoxib exhibited additive effects with CD437 on retarding the growth and inducing apoptosis of human malignant melanoma A375 cells.Celecoxib in combination with CD437 may become an effective method for prevention and treatment of human melanoma.
基金This work was supported by Kitasato Research Project for Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kitasato University.
文摘2-Hydroxytyrosol(2-HT),originally reported as a synthetic compound,was isolated for the first time as a fungal metabolite.2-HT was found to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase with an IC_(50) value of 13.0 mmol/L.Furthermore,2-HT dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity(IC_(50),32.5 mmol/L)in the cell-free extract of B16 melanoma cells andα-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)-stimulated melanin formation in intact B16 melanoma cells.
基金supported by the MSIP(Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning),Korea,under the‘ICT Consilience Creative Program’(IITP-R0346-16-1007)supervised by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Promotion)+3 种基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Engineering Research Center grant(NRF-2011-0030075)NRF Pioneer Research Center Program(NRF-2015 M3C1A3056409)of the MSIPthe Korea Health Technology R&D Project(HI15C1817)of the Ministry of Health and Welfarethe NRF Global PhD Fellowship Program of the Ministry of Education(NRF-2015H1A2A1031821).
文摘Imaging the intrinsic optical absorption properties of nanomaterials with optical microscopy(OM)is hindered by the optical diffraction limit and intrinsically poor sensitivity.Thus,expensive and destructive electron microscopy(EM)has been commonly used to examine the morphologies of nanostructures.Further,while nanoscale fluorescence OM has become crucial for investigating the morphologies and functions of intracellular specimens,this modality is not suitable for imaging optical absorption and requires the use of possibly undesirable exogenous fluorescent molecules for biological samples.Here we demonstrate super-resolution visible photoactivated atomic force microscopy(pAFM),which can sense intrinsic optical absorption with~8 nm resolution.Thus,the resolution can be improved down to~8 nm.This system can detect not only the first harmonic response,but also the higher harmonic response using the nonlinear effect.The thermoelastic effects induced by pulsed laser irradiation allow us to obtain visible pAFM images of single gold nanospheres,various nanowires,and biological cells,all with nanoscale resolution.Unlike expensive EM,the visible pAFM system can be simply implemented by adding an optical excitation sub-system to a commercial atomic force microscope.
